Journal articles on the topic 'New products Australia Evaluation'
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1
Faunce, Thomas A., Kellie Johnston, and Hilary Bambrick. "The Trans-Tasman Therapeutic Products Authority: Potential AUSFTA Impacts on Safety and Cost-Effectiveness Regulation for Medicines and Medical Devices in New Zealand." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 37, no. 3 (September 1, 2006): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v37i3.5574.
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Australia and New Zealand have agreed in principle to the creation of a single agency for the regulation of pharmaceuticals and other therapeutic products in a trans-Tasman market. The Australia New Zealand Therapeutic Products Authority (ANZTPA) is being developed to replace both the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) and the New Zealand Medicines and Medical Devices Safety Authority (Medsafe). This article explores the possibility that the ANZTPA, by inheriting significant obligations imposed on the TGA under the Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement (AUSFTA), may significantly impact upon the regulation of medicines and medical devices (as well as blood products) in New Zealand. It explores the related legal obligations and their likely consequences for New Zealand: particularly quality, safety, efficacy and cost-effectiveness evaluation processes in this area, such as those of the New Zealand Pharmaceutical Management Agency (Pharmac).
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Blaikie, S. J., P. J. O'Farrell, E. K. Chacko, W. J. Müller, X. Wei, N. Steele Scott, and S. R. Sykes. "Assessment and selection of new hybrids from the Australian cashew breeding program." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 42, no. 5 (2002): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea01120.
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Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) is an emerging crop suited to tropical regions of Australia. To be viable on world markets, Australian cashews must be more productive and of higher quality than competing products. Since these characteristics are not exhibited consistently by existing varieties, an improvement program was initiated. This paper reports on the evaluation of 2 sets of hybrids produced in 1991 and 1992, which were planted on commercial cashew orchards in the Northern Territory and Queensland and were assessed in terms of yield and quality during 1998 and 1999.
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Sparks, Emalie, Clare Farrand, Joseph Santos, Briar McKenzie, Kathy Trieu, Jenny Reimers, Chelsea Davidson, Claire Johnson, and Jacqui Webster. "Sodium Levels of Processed Meat in Australia: Supermarket Survey Data from 2010 to 2017." Nutrients 10, no. 11 (November 5, 2018): 1686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10111686.
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High sodium intake increases blood pressure and consequently increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. In Australia, the best estimate of sodium intake is 3840 mg sodium/day, almost double the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline (2000 mg/day), and processed meats contribute approximately 10% of daily sodium intake to the diet. This study assessed the median sodium levels of 2510 processed meat products, including bacon and sausages, available in major Australian supermarkets in 2010, 2013, 2015 and 2017, and assessed changes over time. The median sodium content of processed meats in 2017 was 775 mg/100 g (interquartile range (IQR) 483–1080). There was an 11% reduction in the median sodium level of processed meats for which targets were set under the government’s Food and Health Dialogue (p < 0.001). This includes bacon, ham/cured meat products, sliced luncheon meat and meat with pastry categories. There was no change in processed meats without a target (median difference 6%, p = 0.450). The new targets proposed by the current government’s Healthy Food Partnership capture a larger proportion of products than the Food and Health Dialogue (66% compared to 35%) and a lower proportion of products are at or below the target (35% compared to 54%). These results demonstrate that voluntary government targets can drive nutrient reformulation. Future efforts will require strong government leadership and robust monitoring and evaluation systems.
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Evans, Jeffrey, and Jason Condon. "New fertiliser options for managing phosphorus for organic and low-input farming systems." Crop and Pasture Science 60, no. 2 (2009): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp07153.
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Plant-available phosphorus (P) has been found to be limiting crop and pasture production in Australian dryland, broadacre, organic farming systems. The present review examines the mechanisms that act to provide organic sources of P to soil or mobilise P stored within the soil. A range of products is available to exploit one or more of these mechanisms to achieve a claimed improvement in P fertility. These products are described, and where possible, scientific research of their effectiveness is reviewed. The use of microbial inoculants, although successful in laboratory and glasshouse experiments, has returned varied results in field trials. The addition of organic fertilisers, such as composted or elemental sulfur (S) enriched reactive phosphate rock (RPR), tended to produce more reliable results. The variable nature of the composting process creates complexity in the production of composted RPR. The increased dissolution of RPR by the oxidation of added S has been successful in increasing available P content above that of RPR alone. This is especially significant to low-rainfall areas where RPR tend to be ineffective. This paper highlights the need for development and optimisation of the many organic fertilisers and additives available to organic producers. In all cases, products still require rigorous field and economic evaluation so that organic producers can be confident in making decisions that are informed, correct, and profitable with regard to P fertility. The alleviation of P deficiency is vital to the increased adoption and sustainability of boardacre organic farming in Australia.
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Cheah, Isaac, and Ian Phau. "Effects of “owned by” versus “made in” for willingness to buy Australian brands." Marketing Intelligence & Planning 33, no. 3 (May 5, 2015): 444–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mip-01-2014-0016.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of economic nationalism and consumer ethnocentrism in the form of country of origin (COO) cues specifically “Made in […]” and “Owned by […]” on the product judgement of bi-national wine brands (brands with multiple country affiliations). Further, the role of consumer product knowledge is examined as a moderator of these xenophobia attitudes. Design/methodology/approach – A self-administered questionnaire was designed using established scales. A convenience sample was drawn from participants attending a major wine trade exhibition in Western Australia and university students. A variety of statistical techniques were used to analyse the data. Findings – High levels of economic nationalism and anti-foreign sentiment was so strong that respondents did not want products that had any association with a foreign country, regardless of whether the products are directly or indirectly related to a foreign origin. This suggests that Australian consumers are not any more receptive to bi-national brands; as such domestic affiliations have not diluted the economic nationalistic sentiment. Further, results confirm that Australian consumers use COO cues as part of wine evaluations. Consumers with low product knowledge are likely to rely on extrinsic country cues to reinforce their brand evaluation, whereas consumers who are more knowledgeable are found to base evaluations on intrinsic attributes rather than extrinsic cues. Research limitations/implications – Only respondents from Perth, Western Australia were chosen, thus limiting the representativeness of the sample. Other cultural contexts and product categories based on a larger sample size should be investigated in the future. Practical implications – This research provides useful consumer insights and new market entry implications in terms of advertising and branding strategies for international wine manufacturers and distributors who wish to expand globally. In addition, there are managerial implications for domestic market where local retailers, merchandisers, importers can avoid importing products originating from offending countries and take on opportunity to exploit and promote “buy domestic campaigns”. Originality/value – Conceptually, this study extends the existing COO literature by introducing bi-national brands into the model; expanding on country of ownership appeals in evaluating bi-national brands; and identifying the correlation between the economic nationalism and consumer ethnocentrism constructs. Further, this research can significantly help wine marketers to develop more effective positioning strategies. It will also help in the development of pricing and promotional decisions.
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Wadhwa, Sam-Reith S., Anne T. McMahon, and Elizabeth P. Neale. "A Cross-Sectional Audit of Nutrition and Health Claims on Dairy Yoghurts in Supermarkets of the Illawarra Region of New South Wales, Australia." Nutrients 13, no. 6 (May 27, 2021): 1835. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13061835.
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Health and nutrition claims are used by consumers to guide purchasing decisions. In consequence, monitoring and evaluation of such claims to ensure they are accurate and transparent is required. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of nutrition and health claims on dairy-yoghurt products within select Australian supermarkets and assess their compliance with the revised Food Standards Code (FSC). Nutrition, health, and related claims on yoghurt products were assessed in a cross-sectional audit of five supermarkets in the Illawarra region of New South Wales. Claim prevalence, type, and compliance were assessed and products were compared against current rating measures. A total of n = 340 dairy yoghurt products were identified. Most products (97.9%) carried at least one nutrition and/or health claim, with nutrition-content claims (93.9%) the most prevalent. Most products (n = 277) met the nutrient profiling scoring criterion; while 87.9% of products did not carry the health star rating. Almost all claims surveyed (97.4%) were compliant with the FSC. Health and nutrition claims are highly prevalent across yoghurt categories, with the majority of these compliant with regulations. The ambiguity surrounding the wording and context of claims challenges researchers to investigate consumers’ interpretations of health messaging within the food environment.
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González, Luis A., Sara Robledo, Yulieth Upegui, Gustavo Escobar, and Wiston Quiñones. "Synthesis and Evaluation of Trypanocidal Activity of Chromane-Type Compounds and Acetophenones." Molecules 26, no. 23 (November 23, 2021): 7067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26237067.
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American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease) caused by the Trypanosoma cruzi parasite, is a severe health problem in different regions of Latin America and is currently reported to be spreading to Europe, North America, Japan, and Australia, due to the migration of populations from South and Central America. At present, there is no vaccine available and chemotherapeutic options are reduced to nifurtimox and benznidazole. Therefore, the discovery of new molecules is urgently needed to initiate the drug development process. Some acetophenones and chalcones, as well as chromane-type substances, such as chromones and flavones, are natural products that have been studied as trypanocides, but the relationships between structure and activity are not yet fully understood. In this work, 26 compounds were synthesized to determine the effect of hydroxyl and isoprenyl substituents on trypanocide activity. One of the compounds showed interesting activity against a resistant strain of T. cruzi, with a half effective concentration of 18.3 µM ± 1.1 and an index of selectivity > 10.9.
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Blunden, B. G., and B. Indraratna. "Evaluation of surface and groundwater management strategies for drained sulfidic soil using numerical simulation models." Soil Research 38, no. 3 (2000): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr99018.
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The effective management of acid sulfate soils is a major issue for many coastal regions in Australia. Simulations were conducted to evaluate 4 different water management strategies that could be applied to agricultural land on the south coast of New South Wales, Australia, to minimise acid generation from acid sulfate soils. The water management strategies are compared with the existing extensively drained situation which generates and discharges large quantities of acidic pyrite oxidation products. The 4 water management strategies include elevated drain water levels using a weir, 25 mm irrigation on a 7- or 14-day cycle, and elevated drain water levels with irrigation. All of these strategies were designed to minimise the generation of acid by reducing the transport of oxygen to the sulfidic soil. Simulations were conducted for weather and site conditions experienced during a 12-month period starting in July 1997. Model simulations showed that maintenance of elevated drain water levels using a weir in the drain significantly reduced the amount of acid generated by 75% and 57%, at 10 and 90 m distance from the drain, respectively, by comparison with the existing drained state. The addition of 25 mm irrigation on a 14-day cycle to the weir simulation reduced the oxidation of pyrite by a further 1–2%. Application of irrigation only on a 7-day cycle also reduced the acid generated by 89% and 94% at 10 and 90 m distance from the drain, respectively, by comparison with the existing drained state. Irrigation on a 14-day cycle was not as successful in reducing pyrite oxidation as either the 7-day irrigation or weir strategies. Evaluation of the 4 water management options showed that significant improvements can be made with respect to the amount of acid generated by relatively simple and cost-effective land management practices.
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Lavaysse, Christophe, Tim Stockdale, Niall McCormick, and Jürgen Vogt. "Evaluation of a New Precipitation-Based Index for Global Seasonal Forecasting of Unusually Wet and Dry Periods." Weather and Forecasting 35, no. 4 (August 1, 2020): 1189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-19-0196.1.
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AbstractThis paper describes the assessment of the performance of a method for providing early warnings of unusually wet and dry precipitation conditions globally. The indicator that is used for forecasting these conditions is computed from forecasted standardized precipitation index (SPI) values for accumulation periods of 1, 3, and 6 months. The SPI forecasts are derived from forecasted precipitation produced by the latest probabilistic seasonal forecast of ECMWF. Early warnings of unusual precipitation periods are shown only when and where the forecast is considered robust (i.e., with at least 40% of ensemble members associated with intense forecasts), and corresponding with significant SPI values (i.e., below −1 for dry, or above +1 for wet conditions). The intensity of the forecasted events is derived based on the extreme forecast index and associated shift of tails products developed by ECMWF. Different warning levels are then assessed, depending on the return period of the forecast intensity, and the coherence of the ensemble forecast members. The assessment of the indicators performance is based on the 25-member ensemble forecast system that is carried out every month during the 36 years of the hindcast period (1981–2016). The results show that significant information is provided even for the longest lead time, albeit with a large variability across the globe with the highest scores over central Russia, Southeast Asia, and the northern part of South America or Australia. Because of the loss of predictability, each SPI is based on the first lead time. A sensitivity test highlights the influence on the robustness of the forecasts of the warning levels used, as well as the effects of prior conditions and of seasonality.
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Ciabatta, Luca, Christian Massari, Luca Brocca, Alexander Gruber, Christoph Reimer, Sebastian Hahn, Christoph Paulik, Wouter Dorigo, Richard Kidd, and Wolfgang Wagner. "SM2RAIN-CCI: a new global long-term rainfall data set derived from ESA CCI soil moisture." Earth System Science Data 10, no. 1 (February 8, 2018): 267–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-267-2018.
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Abstract. Accurate and long-term rainfall estimates are the main inputs for several applications, from crop modeling to climate analysis. In this study, we present a new rainfall data set (SM2RAIN-CCI) obtained from the inversion of the satellite soil moisture (SM) observations derived from the ESA Climate Change Initiative (CCI) via SM2RAIN (Brocca et al., 2014). Daily rainfall estimates are generated for an 18-year long period (1998–2015), with a spatial sampling of 0.25° on a global scale, and are based on the integration of the ACTIVE and the PASSIVE ESA CCI SM data sets.The quality of the SM2RAIN-CCI rainfall data set is evaluated by comparing it with two state-of-the-art rainfall satellite products, i.e. the Tropical Measurement Mission Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis 3B42 real-time product (TMPA 3B42RT) and the Climate Prediction Center Morphing Technique (CMORPH), and one modeled data set (ERA-Interim). A quality check is carried out on a global scale at 1° of spatial sampling and 5 days of temporal sampling by comparing these products with the gauge-based Global Precipitation Climatology Centre Full Data Daily (GPCC-FDD) product. SM2RAIN-CCI shows relatively good results in terms of correlation coefficient (median value > 0.56), root mean square difference (RMSD, median value < 10.34 mm over 5 days) and bias (median value < −14.44 %) during the evaluation period. The validation has been carried out at original resolution (0.25°) over Europe, Australia and five other areas worldwide to test the capabilities of the data set to correctly identify rainfall events under different climate and precipitation regimes.The SM2RAIN-CCI rainfall data set is freely available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.846259.
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Albergel, C., W. Dorigo, R. H. Reichle, G. Balsamo, P. de Rosnay, J. Muñoz-Sabater, L. Isaksen, R. de Jeu, and W. Wagner. "Skill and Global Trend Analysis of Soil Moisture from Reanalyses and Microwave Remote Sensing." Journal of Hydrometeorology 14, no. 4 (August 1, 2013): 1259–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-12-0161.1.
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Abstract In situ soil moisture measurements from 2007 to 2010 for 196 stations from five networks across the world (United States, France, Spain, China, and Australia) are used to determine the reliability of three soil moisture products: (i) a revised version of the ECMWF Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim; ERA-Land); (ii) a revised version of the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) reanalysis from NASA (MERRA-Land); and (iii) a new, microwave-based multisatellite surface soil moisture dataset (SM-MW). Evaluation of the time series and anomalies from a moving monthly mean shows a good performance of the three products in capturing the annual cycle of surface soil moisture and its short-term variability. On average, correlations (95% confidence interval) are 0.66 (±0.038), 0.69 (±0.038), and 0.60 (±0.061) for ERA-Land, MERRA-Land, and SM-MW. The two reanalysis products also capture the root-zone soil moisture well; on average, correlations are 0.68 (±0.035) and 0.73 (±0.032) for ERA-Land and MERRA-Land, respectively. Global trends analysis for 1988–2010 suggests a decrease of surface soil moisture contents (72% of significant trends are negative, i.e., drying) for ERA-Land and an increase in surface soil moisture (59% of significant trends are positive, i.e., wetting) for MERRA-Land. As the spatial extent and fractions of significant trends in both products differ, the trend reflected in the majority of grid points within different climate classes was investigated and compared to that of SM-MW. The latter is dominated by negative significant trends (73.2%) and is more in line with ERA-Land. For both reanalysis products, trends for the upper layer of soil are confirmed in the root-zone soil moisture (first meter of soil).
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Al-Saedi, Nadia, Manjree Agarwal, Shahidul Islam, and Yong-Lin Ren. "Study on the Correlation between the Protein Profile of Lupin Milk and Its Cheese Production Compared with Cow’s Milk." Molecules 26, no. 8 (April 20, 2021): 2395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26082395.
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Australian sweet lupin, the largest legume crop grown in Western Australia, is receiving global attention from the producers of new foods. To understand the effect of protein on cheese yield, lupin milk proteins were separated from the first, second, and third filtrations by cheesecloths. However, proteins from the first and second were analyzed using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; then, the isolated proteins associated with cheese production were identified. The research also focused on identifying the optimal method of cheese production based on the coagulation process, temperature, yield, and sensory evaluation. Lupin curds from the two cultivars, Mandelup and PBA Jurien, were produced using vinegar, lemon juice, starter culture, vegetable rennet enzyme as coagulant, as well as curd generated using starter culture and vegetable rennet enzyme. Cow’s milk was used as a control. The results indicated that first-time filtration produced better extraction and higher yield of lupin proteins and cheese than the second filtration. A sensory analysis indicated that lupin cheese produced from PBA Jurien lupin milk using vinegar, 7.80% expressed as acetic acid, and ground in 45 °C water, was the most acceptable. The cheeses were examined for their protein, carbohydrates, fat, ash, and moisture contents. The concentration of protein was approximately 27.3% and 20.6%, respectively, in the cheese from PBA Jurien and Mandelup. These results suggest that lupin milk can adequately supply the proteins needed in human diets and, thus, could be used in the production of many existing products that require animal milk as an input.
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Pearce, Alison, Kees van Gool, Philip Haywood, and Marion Haas. "Delays in access to affordable medicines: putting policy into perspective." Australian Health Review 36, no. 4 (2012): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah11110.
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Background. To save costs, the Australian Government recently deferred approval of seven new medicines recommended by the Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee (PBAC) for up to 7 months. Objectives. The aim of this research is to examine the timelines of PBAC applications following approval by the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA), allowing the recent Cabinet delays to be considered in the context of the overall medicines approval process. Methods. All new chemical entities and products for new indications approved in 2004 by the Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) were identified. Outcomes of PBAC meetings from 2004 to 2010 were then searched to identify if and when these products were reviewed by PBAC. Results. ADEC recommended 63 eligible products for registration in 2004. Of the 113 submissions made to PBAC for these products, 66 were successful. Only 43% of the products were submitted to PBAC within 2 years, with an average 17-month delay from TGA approval of a product to consideration by the PBAC. Conclusions. Cabinet decisions to defer listing of new medicines delays access to new treatments. This occurred in addition to other longer delays, earlier in the approval process for medicines, resulting in a significant impact on the overall timeliness of listing. What is known about the topic? There is evidence that the time from registration of new drugs on the TGA to their listing for subsidised availability is increasing. The government’s recent decision to delay the listing of seven new drugs for subsidisation raised concerns about the potential for additional delays to impact the accessibility of new, affordable medicines for patients. What does this paper add? This paper examines delays at various stages in the process of approval for pharmaceutical subsidies on the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS), putting the deferral of new medicine listings in the overall context of the approval process. It identifies the potential role of pharmaceutical companies and product sponsors in delaying access to new, affordable medicines early in the approval process. What are the implications for practitioners? Delays in the subsidisation of medicines, wherever they occur in the process, not only reduce patient access, but may also lead to pressure in other areas of the health care system to finance such medicines. This makes these results of particular interest to clinician managers, health care managers and policy makers.
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Hillman, Samuel, Bryan Hally, Luke Wallace, Darren Turner, Arko Lucieer, Karin Reinke, and Simon Jones. "High-Resolution Estimates of Fire Severity—An Evaluation of UAS Image and LiDAR Mapping Approaches on a Sedgeland Forest Boundary in Tasmania, Australia." Fire 4, no. 1 (March 18, 2021): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire4010014.
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With an increase in the frequency and severity of wildfires across the globe and resultant changes to long-established fire regimes, the mapping of fire severity is a vital part of monitoring ecosystem resilience and recovery. The emergence of unoccupied aircraft systems (UAS) and compact sensors (RGB and LiDAR) provide new opportunities to map fire severity. This paper conducts a comparison of metrics derived from UAS Light Detecting and Ranging (LiDAR) point clouds and UAS image based products to classify fire severity. A workflow which derives novel metrics describing vegetation structure and fire severity from UAS remote sensing data is developed that fully utilises the vegetation information available in both data sources. UAS imagery and LiDAR data were captured pre- and post-fire over a 300 m by 300 m study area in Tasmania, Australia. The study area featured a vegetation gradient from sedgeland vegetation (e.g., button grass 0.2m) to forest (e.g., Eucalyptus obliqua and Eucalyptus globulus 50m). To classify the vegetation and fire severity, a comprehensive set of variables describing structural, textural and spectral characteristics were gathered using UAS images and UAS LiDAR datasets. A recursive feature elimination process was used to highlight the subsets of variables to be included in random forest classifiers. The classifier was then used to map vegetation and severity across the study area. The results indicate that UAS LiDAR provided similar overall accuracy to UAS image and combined (UAS LiDAR and UAS image predictor values) data streams to classify vegetation (UAS image: 80.6%; UAS LiDAR: 78.9%; and Combined: 83.1%) and severity in areas of forest (UAS image: 76.6%, UAS LiDAR: 74.5%; and Combined: 78.5%) and areas of sedgeland (UAS image: 72.4%; UAS LiDAR: 75.2%; and Combined: 76.6%). These results indicate that UAS SfM and LiDAR point clouds can be used to assess fire severity at very high spatial resolution.
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Shresta, Shrimita, Sudip Bhandari, Babita Aryal, Bishnu P. Marasini, Santosh Khanal, Pramod Poudel, Binod Rayamajhee, Bikash Adhikari, Bibek Raj Bhattarai, and Niranjan Parajuli. "Evaluation of Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Selected Medicinal Plants." Nepal Journal of Biotechnology 9, no. 1 (July 31, 2021): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njb.v9i1.38667.
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Medicinal plants are important reservoirs of bioactive compounds that need to be explored systematically. Because of their chemical diversity, natural products provide limitless possibilities for new drug discovery. This study aimed to investigate the biochemical properties of crude extracts from fifteen Nepalese medicinal plants. The total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), and antioxidant activity were evaluated through a colorimetric approach while the antibacterial activities were studied through the measurement of the zone of inhibition (ZoI) by agar well diffusion method along with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) by broth dilution method. The methanolic extracts of Acacia catechu and Eupoterium adenophorum showed the highest TPC (55.21 ± 11.09 mg GAE/gm) and TFC (10.23 ± 1.07 mg QE/gm) among the studied plant extracts. Acacia catechu showed effective antioxidant properties with an IC50 value of 1.3 μg/mL, followed by extracts of Myrica esculenta, Syzygium cumini, and Mangifera indica. Morus australis exhibited antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae (ZoI: 25mm, MIC: 0.012 mg/mL), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (ZoI: 22 mm, MIC: 0.012 mg/mL), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ZoI; 20 mm, MIC: 0.05 mg/mL), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (ZoI: 19 mm, MIC: 0.19 mg/mL). Morus australis extract showed a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, followed by Eclipta prostrata, and Hypericum cordifolium. Future study is recommended to explore secondary metabolites of those medicinal plants to uncover further clinical efficacy.
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Los, S. O., J. A. B. Rosette, N. Kljun, P. R. J. North, J. C. Suárez, C. Hopkinson, R. A. Hill, et al. "Vegetation height products between 60° S and 60° N from ICESat GLAS data." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 4, no. 3 (September 19, 2011): 2327–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-4-2327-2011.
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Abstract. We present a new method to obtain coarse resolution (0.5° × 0.5°) vegetation height and vegetation-cover fraction data sets between 60° S and 60° N for use in climate models and ecological models. The data sets are derived from the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) on the Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat), which is the only LiDAR instrument that provides close to global coverage when all data collected for 2003–2009 are combined. Filters are applied to the GLAS data to identify and eliminate spurious observations, e.g. data that are affected by clouds, atmosphere and terrain and as such result in erroneous estimates of vegetation height or vegetation cover. GLAS vegetation height estimates are aggregated in histograms from 0 to 70 m in 0.5 m intervals. The GLAS vegetation height product is evaluated in four ways. First, unfiltered and filtered individual GLAS vegetation height measurements are compared with aircraft LiDAR measurements of the same from seven sites in the Americas, Europe, and Australia. Application of filters increases the correlation with aircraft data from r = 0.36 to r = 0.67 and decreases the root-mean-square error by a factor 3. Second, the global aggregated GLAS vegetation height product is tested for sensitivity towards the choice of data quality filters; areas with frequent cloud cover and areas with steep terrain are the most sensitive to the choice of thresholds for the filters. Thirdly, the GLAS global vegetation height product is compared with two other global vegetation height products and is believed to produce more realistic characteristics: dominant vegetation height for tropical forests between 30 and 60 m versus 20 and 40 m in existing products. Finally, the GLAS bare soil cover fraction is compared globally with the MODIS bare soil fraction (r = 0.55) and with the FASIR bare soil cover fraction estimates (r = 0.58); the correlation between GLAS and MODIS tree-cover fraction was (r = 0.76). The evaluation indicates that filters applied to the GLAS data are conservative and eliminate a large proportion of spurious data, while only in a minority of cases at the cost of removing reliable data as well. The present GLAS vegetation height product appears more realistic than previous data sets used for input to climate models and ecological models and hence should significantly improve simulations that involve the land surface.
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Riyanti, Eny Ida, and Peter L. Rogers. "KINETIC EVALUATION OF ETHANOL-TOLERANT THERMOPHILE Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius M10EXG FOR ETHANOL PRODUCTION." Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 1 (October 25, 2016): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v10n1.2009.24-41.
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Thermophiles are challenging to be studied for ethanol production using agricultural waste containing lignocellulosic materials rich in hexose and pentose. These bacteria have many advantages such as utilizing a wide range of substrates, including pentose (C5) and hexose (C6). In ethanol production, it is important to use ethanol tolerant strain capable in converting lignocellulosic hydrolysate. This study was aimed to investigate the growth profile of ethanol-tolerant thermophile Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius M10EXG using a defined growth medium consisted of single carbon glucose (TGTV), xylose (TXTV), and a mixture of glucose and xylose (TGXTV), together with the effect of yeast extract addition<br />to the media. The experiments were conducted at the School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences of The University of New South Wales, Australia on a shake flask fermentation at 60°C in duplicate experiment. Cultures were sampled every two hours and analised for their kinetic parameters including the maximum specific growth rate (µmax), biomass yield (Yx/s), ethanol and by-product yields (acetate and L-lactate) (Yp/s), and the doubling time (Td). Results showed that this strain was capable of growing on minimal medium containing glucose or xylose as a single carbon source. This strain utilized glucose and xylose simultaneously (co-fermentation), although there was glucose repression of xylose at relatively low glucose concentration (0.5% w/v), particularly when yeast extract (0.2% w/v) was added to the medium. The highest biomass yield was obtained at 0.5 g l-1 on glucose medium; the yield increased when yeast extract was added (at 0.59 g l-1). The highest specific growth rate of 0.25 was obtained in the phase I growth when the strain was grown on a mixture of glucose and xylose (0.5% : 0.5% w/v) medium. Diauxic growth was shown on the mixture of glucose, xylose, and yeast extract. The strain produced low level of ethanol (0.1 g l-1), as well as low level (0.2 g l-1) of by-products (L-lactate and acetate) after 15 hours. The results suggests its potential application for fermenting lignocellulosic agricultural wastes for ethanol production.
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Riyanti, Eny Ida, and Peter L. Rogers. "KINETIC EVALUATION OF ETHANOL-TOLERANT THERMOPHILE Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius M10EXG FOR ETHANOL PRODUCTION." Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 1 (October 25, 2016): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v10n1.2009.p24-41.
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Thermophiles are challenging to be studied for ethanol production using agricultural waste containing lignocellulosic materials rich in hexose and pentose. These bacteria have many advantages such as utilizing a wide range of substrates, including pentose (C5) and hexose (C6). In ethanol production, it is important to use ethanol tolerant strain capable in converting lignocellulosic hydrolysate. This study was aimed to investigate the growth profile of ethanol-tolerant thermophile Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius M10EXG using a defined growth medium consisted of single carbon glucose (TGTV), xylose (TXTV), and a mixture of glucose and xylose (TGXTV), together with the effect of yeast extract addition<br />to the media. The experiments were conducted at the School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences of The University of New South Wales, Australia on a shake flask fermentation at 60°C in duplicate experiment. Cultures were sampled every two hours and analised for their kinetic parameters including the maximum specific growth rate (µmax), biomass yield (Yx/s), ethanol and by-product yields (acetate and L-lactate) (Yp/s), and the doubling time (Td). Results showed that this strain was capable of growing on minimal medium containing glucose or xylose as a single carbon source. This strain utilized glucose and xylose simultaneously (co-fermentation), although there was glucose repression of xylose at relatively low glucose concentration (0.5% w/v), particularly when yeast extract (0.2% w/v) was added to the medium. The highest biomass yield was obtained at 0.5 g l-1 on glucose medium; the yield increased when yeast extract was added (at 0.59 g l-1). The highest specific growth rate of 0.25 was obtained in the phase I growth when the strain was grown on a mixture of glucose and xylose (0.5% : 0.5% w/v) medium. Diauxic growth was shown on the mixture of glucose, xylose, and yeast extract. The strain produced low level of ethanol (0.1 g l-1), as well as low level (0.2 g l-1) of by-products (L-lactate and acetate) after 15 hours. The results suggests its potential application for fermenting lignocellulosic agricultural wastes for ethanol production.
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Yanishen, I. V., and O. V. Sidorova. "COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF PHYSICO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF DENTAL CEMENTS FOR PERMANENT FIXATION OF ORTHOPEDIC CONSTRUCTIONS." Ukrainian Dental Almanac, no. 2 (June 19, 2019): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2409-0255.2.2019.12.
Full textAbstract:
Fixation of indirect constructions restoration with permanent cement is the final clinical stage of orthopedic treatment. It should be noted that the result of the treatment with the using of unremovable dentures essentially depends on the correct choice of cement for fixation.
The comparative analysis conducted to improve the quality of fixing method of unremovable dentures was carried out on the base of the Research laboratory of dental materials and products of JSC «STOMA», Ukraine.
We used the following materials: glassionomer cements “KetakCem”, Germany; “Riva”, Australia. The study of physico-mechanical properties of materials was carried out according to the following parameters: determination of the strength of the diametrical stretching (T, MPa), bending strength (σ, MPa), determination of the water absorption index (W, μg / mm³), free linear shrinkage (L,%), solubility index (D,%), and compressive strength (C, MPa).
At the determination of the strength the diametrical stretching index (T, MPa) according to the results of laboratory tests "Ketac Cem", "Riva" and the new glass ionomer cement developed by us for permanent fixing of unremovable dentures.We have received that the indices of all selected cements are within 8.8 - 9.9 MPa which are close to international standards ISO 4104.
Also we found out that the boundary value at the diametral stretched "Riva", which is (8.9 ± 0.3) MPa, is not greater than Ketac Cem (9.9 ± 0.6) and is reliably non-existent significant differences (p> 0.05). The glass ionomer cement developed by us with an index of 8.8 ± 0.5% (T, MPa) with a certainty (p> 0.05) has no difference between the indicators of «Ketac Cem» and «Riva» materials.
Consequently, the strength limit at the diametrical extension of a new glass ionomer cement for permanent fixation has no significant difference compared with its foreign analogues (p> 0,05). The strength of the curtain (σ, MPa) of the materials under investigation for fixing unremovable dentures varies within (55.9 ± 70.2). It was found out that the durability of a new glass ionomer dental cement is (58.3 ± 0.4%). It is significantly lower (p <0,001) than the ‘Ketac Cem’ material - 70,2 ± 0,7%, while the "Riva" (55,9 ± 0,8%) has the least value.
We indicate that the strength of the material @Riva "is significantly lower (p <0.001). In determining the rate water absorption, we obtained the following results: the glass ionomer cement developed by us has the limits of water absorption which is 42.7 ± 0.4 μg / mm3 compared with the analogues Ketac Cem and Riva - 36.3 ± 0.6 and 39 , 7 ± 0.3 μg / mm 3, respectively. The data of statistical processing showed that the water absorption of glass ionomeric cements is significantly lower (p <0,001). Free linear shrinkage of new glass ionomer cement has limits of 0,44 ± 0,03%, which exceeds the value of "Ketac Cem" (0,33 ± 0,02) by 0,11±0,01%, and is significant (p <0, 05) is less in comparison with "Riva", the index of which is 0,66±0,09%. The solubility index of the cement we developed is 1.30 ± 0.16%, which is 0.07 ± 0.03% higher than Ketac Cem - 1.23 ± 0.17%, but not significantly different from the material "Riva ", which index is 1.32±0.14%, which corresponds to ISO, but these data do not have statistically significant differences (p> 0.05).
The results of the compression strength index are characterized not by a significant difference between them: the cement developed is 76.2 ± 0.4% MPa, which is significantly (p <0.001) 2.4 ± 0.1% less than Ketac Cem - 78.6 ± 0,5%, but does not have a significant difference (p> 0,05) between the developed material and the «Riva» index which is 76,0 ± 0,8%, respectively.
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Gemell, L. G., E. J. Hartley, and D. F. Herridge. "Point-of-sale evaluation of preinoculated and custom-inoculated pasture legume seed." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 3 (2005): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03151.
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During 1999–2003, 293 samples of preinoculated and custom-inoculated lucerne, subterranean clover, white clover, red clover and miscellaneous species (mainly other clovers) were sourced from commercial outlets and assessed for numbers of rhizobia, seed pellet pH and toxicity, and nodulation in a ‘grow-out’ test. Average rhizobial counts were 8400/seed for preinoculated lucerne, 1380/seed for subterranean clover and <100/seed for white and red clovers and for the miscellaneous species. These counts compared poorly with the average counts of 35 100/seed, 13 800/seed and 10 000/seed for freshly-inoculated lucerne, subterranean clover and white clover, respectively. Thus, overall pass rates of the preinoculated seed were reasonable for lucerne (73%), marginal for subterranean clover (32%) and very low for white clover (3%), red clover (4%) and the miscellaneous species (0%). The ‘grow-out’ tests for nodulation were positively correlated with rhizobial numbers on seed, confirming the use of plate counting of rhizobia to assess quality of pre- and custom-inoculated seed. Many of the seed pellets were toxic to the 2 clover rhizobial strains tested, although the toxicity did not affect numbers of rhizobia on the seed. In light of these results and other data on rhizobial survival on seed, we suggest the current Australian standards for rhizobial numbers on pasture legume seed at the time of sale of 500/seed (very small-seeded legumes with seed numbers >750 000/kg) and 1000/seed (other larger-seeded species, seed numbers <750 000/kg) remain in place. We recommend shelf lives be restricted to 6 months for preinoculated lucerne and the annual medics, to 6 weeks for preinoculated subterranean clover, and to 2 weeks for white clover, red clover and other miscellaneous species. In the long-term, new products and procedures will hopefully enhance the numbers and survival of rhizobia on seed such that the needs of both manufacturers and customers are satisfied.
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Griffith, G. R., and H. M. Burrow. "The value of research: using the Impact Tool to evaluate realised and anticipated benefits of the Cooperative Research Centre for Beef Genetic Technologies." Animal Production Science 55, no. 2 (2015): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an13351.
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The Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Beef Genetic Technologies operated for its third successive 7-year term from July 2005 to June 2012. It developed new genetic and genomic technologies and non-genetic ‘products’ (practices, processes, tools and technologies) to improve profitability, productivity, animal welfare and responsible resource use of Australian beef businesses. In this paper we assess how well the third-term Beef CRC met its objectives, at the end of its funding period, using the Impact Tool software package developed by the CRC Program of the Commonwealth Government. The Impact Tool generates two commonly used measures of return on investment: the net present value (NPV) and the benefit : cost ratio (BCR). The NPV, the sum of discounted benefits minus the sum of discounted costs, was $233.2 m, when evaluated over the period 2005/06–2020/21. The BCR, the sum of discounted benefits divided by the sum of discounted costs, was 2.94, over the same period. Thus on both measures, investing in the Beef CRC is expected to have been profitable. We conclude by noting that the value of the Impact Tool is not only for ex-ante and ex-post evaluation of the impacts of particular technologies, but it also provides a very effective tool for RD&E project planning.
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Kelley, D. I., S. P. Harrison, and I. C. Prentice. "Improved simulation of fire–vegetation interactions in the Land surface Processes and eXchanges dynamic global vegetation model (LPX-Mv1)." Geoscientific Model Development 7, no. 5 (October 16, 2014): 2411–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-2411-2014.
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Abstract. The Land surface Processes and eXchanges (LPX) model is a fire-enabled dynamic global vegetation model that performs well globally but has problems representing fire regimes and vegetative mix in savannas. Here we focus on improving the fire module. To improve the representation of ignitions, we introduced a reatment of lightning that allows the fraction of ground strikes to vary spatially and seasonally, realistically partitions strike distribution between wet and dry days, and varies the number of dry days with strikes. Fuel availability and moisture content were improved by implementing decomposition rates specific to individual plant functional types and litter classes, and litter drying rates driven by atmospheric water content. To improve water extraction by grasses, we use realistic plant-specific treatments of deep roots. To improve fire responses, we introduced adaptive bark thickness and post-fire resprouting for tropical and temperate broadleaf trees. All improvements are based on extensive analyses of relevant observational data sets. We test model performance for Australia, first evaluating parameterisations separately and then measuring overall behaviour against standard benchmarks. Changes to the lightning parameterisation produce a more realistic simulation of fires in southeastern and central Australia. Implementation of PFT-specific decomposition rates enhances performance in central Australia. Changes in fuel drying improve fire in northern Australia, while changes in rooting depth produce a more realistic simulation of fuel availability and structure in central and northern Australia. The introduction of adaptive bark thickness and resprouting produces more realistic fire regimes in Australian savannas. We also show that the model simulates biomass recovery rates consistent with observations from several different regions of the world characterised by resprouting vegetation. The new model (LPX-Mv1) produces an improved simulation of observed vegetation composition and mean annual burnt area, by 33 and 18% respectively compared to LPX.
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Ardiyani, Dewi Kartika, Primardiana Hermilia Wijayati, and Edy Hidayat. "Blended Learning in Teacher Profession Education (PPG) of Germany Education as The 21st Century Teacher Training Model." Journal of Development Research 4, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.28926/jdr.v4i2.116.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to solve problems related to the policy of Teacher Professional Development (TPD) program. This research produces a syllabus of in-office TPD for the German language to solve problems faced in the field; it is necessary to provide provision and preparation for lecturers so that the preparation and implementation of learning have the same standards and goals and the percentage of pedagogic material is more than the professional content. Meanwhile the composition of the competency test is otherwise. In this study, a new policy of TPD is formulated based on 21st century competencies and 21st century learning models that have been successfully applied in Australia, namely a life skills-based learning approach, or known as life- based learning. This framework has become the flagship program for learning innovation at the State University of Malang. The research employed a research and development method that begins with problem identification or problem formulation. The syllabus design is created and developed based on performance and needs analysis, and oriented to the principles of teacher training in the 21st century. These principles are reflected in the syllabus which contains pegadodic competences, professional competence, the ability to use digital media through blended learning and digital-based learning. Based on the results of the validation by German learning experts and suggestions from users, it can be concluded that the PPG German syllabus design is feasible to use. Nevertheless, it is necessary to refine the time allocation according to the needs and clarity of evaluation and assessment.
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Kelley, D. I., S. P. Harrison, and I. C. Prentice. "Improved simulation of fire-vegetation interactions in the Land surface Processes and eXchanges dynamic global vegetation model (LPX-Mv1)." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 7, no. 1 (January 23, 2014): 931–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-7-931-2014.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The Land surface Processes and eXchanges (LPX) model is a fire-enabled dynamic global vegetation model that performs well globally but has problems representing fire regimes and vegetative mix in savannas. Here we focus on improving the fire module. To improve the representation of ignitions, we introduced a treatment of lightning that allows the fraction of ground strikes to vary spatially and seasonally, realistically partitions strike distribution between wet and dry days, and varies the number of dry-days with strikes. Fuel availability and moisture content were improved by implementing decomposition rates specific to individual plant functional types and litter classes, and litter drying rates driven by atmospheric water content. To improve water extraction by grasses, we use realistic plant-specific treatments of deep roots. To improve fire responses, we introduced adaptive bark thickness and post-fire resprouting for tropical and temperate broadleaf trees. All improvements are based on extensive analyses of relevant observational data sets. We test model performance for Australia, first evaluating parameterisations separately and then measuring overall behaviour against standard benchmarks. Changes to the lightning parameterisation produce a more realistic simulation of fires in southeastern and central Australia. Implementation of PFT-specific decomposition rates enhances performance in central Australia. Changes in fuel drying improve fire in northern Australia, while changes in rooting depth produce a more realistic simulation of fuel availability and structure in central and northern Australia. The introduction of adaptive bark thickness and resprouting produces more realistic fire regimes in savannas, including simulating biomass recovery rates consistent with observations. The new model (LPX-Mv1) improves Australian vegetation composition by 33% and burnt area by 19% compared to LPX.
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M. Khalaf, Raja, and Ayad A. Abdulkader. "The Efficiency of the Parasitoids Bracon hebetor and B. brevicornis in the Control of Date Palm Moth Cadra cautella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)." Basrah J. Agric. Sci. 32 (December 22, 2019): 352–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2019.282.
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Adams, J.M. (1976). A guide to the objective and reliable estimation of food losses in small scale farmer storage. Tropical stored Products Information, 32: 5-12.
Abdulrahman, S.H.; Khawaja, G.R.; Abdullah, A.S.; Mureed, K.D. & Mahammad, T. (2013). Effects of tempertuer on the development of Ephestia cautella (walker) (Pyralidae: Lepidoptera) a case study for its possible control under storage conditions. Pakistan J. Zool., 45(6): 1573-1576.
Al-Abdullah, B.; Al-Hamada, J.; Celtie, M.N. & Aslan, L. (2001). The effect of host and temperatures on some biological processes efficiency of larval parasite Bracon brevicornis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) under laboratory conditions. Damascus Univ. J. Agric. Sci., 25(1): 345-365.
Al-Ramahi, R.S. & Ali, M.H. (1983). Effect of diets on the longevity of the adult parasitoid Bracon hebetor Say. Yearbook Plant Pro. Res., 3(1): 29-38.
Al-Rawi, Kh.M. & Khalfalla, A.M. (1980). Design and analysis of agricultural experiments. Directorate of residence House Print. Publ., Univ. Mosul: 488pp. (In Arabic).
Al-Zadjali, T.S.; Abdallal, F.F. & El-Haidari, H.S. (2006). Insect pests attacking date palms and dates in Sultanate of Oman. Egypt. J. Agric. Res., 84: 51-59.
Horak, M. (1994). A review of Cadra walker in Australia: five new native species and the tow introduced pest species (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Phycitinae). Aust. J. Entomol., 33(3): 245-262.
Gupta, A. & Lokhande, S.A. (2013). A new host record and a new combination in Cotesia cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from India. J. Threatened Taxa, 5(2): 3678-3681.
Mohsen, A.A. (2001). Control of Ephestia cautella: Lepidoptera: Pyralidae using parasitoid Bracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) gamma ray. M. Sc. Thesis, Coll. Educ. Women, Univ. Baghdad: 96pp. (In Arabic).
Saray, M.H. (2010). Effect of laser in some aspects of the life performance of the insect mite Ephestia cautella: Lepidoptera: Pyralidae. Biotechnol. Res. Cent. Coll. Sci. Univ. Baghdad, 4(2): 62-66.
Tarek, M.A.; Mohamed, H.A. & Al-Jalely, B.H. (2014). Bioprotective evaluation of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill on the different stages of fig moth Ephestia cautella: (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in vitro. J. Kerbala Univ., 12(1): 190-196. (In Arabic).
Sharma, H.C.; Ashok-Aluv, S.; Ravinder-Reddy, C.H.; Jayaraj, K.; Varaprasad, V.J.; Varaprasad-Reddy, K.M.; Belum, V.S. & Reddy-Rai, K.N. (2007). Management of sorghum and pearl millet pestin Bulk storage. Global theme on crop Improvement. International crops Research Institute for the Arid Tropics. Patan Cheru 502-324, Andra Pradesh, India: 20pp.
Shawkit, M.A.; Hamad, B.S.; MassehKhder, N.A.; Hamed, A.A. & Al-Tweel, A.A. (2014). Searching capacity of Habrobracon hebetor Say (Hymenopetra: Braconidae) for its host larvae in simulated date store. J. Madenat Alelem Univ. Coll., 6(1): 30-38.
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Stokes, Jennifer, and John Pike. "Future ready? Engaging learners and building transferable skills through authentic assessment and digital literacy." Pacific Journal of Technology Enhanced Learning 4, no. 1 (February 13, 2022): 46–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjtel.v4i1.139.
Full textAbstract:
Students are excited by the possibilities presented through digital technologies and their applicability across a broad range of industries. Digital literacy has been identified as a foundational 21st Century skill by the Australian Government (2020, p. 4), which is ‘essential for individuals to participate effectively in today’s society’. The need for strong transferable skills has accelerated during the pandemic as many industries have migrated to digital contexts. Digital literacy is a transferable skill sought after by employers, alongside other emerging transferable skills required for 21st Century success, including critical thinking, creativity and problem-solving (FYA 2017, p. 8). In this paper, we will provide a case study of authentic assessment in an innovative digital literacy course at an Australian university, designed to support students from underrepresented backgrounds to build transferable skills for degree study and future careers.
Authentic assessment provides opportunities for meaningful learning as students complete assessments aligned with their aspirations and career interests: ‘Authenticity automatically gives relevance to the learning journey; relevance encourages engagement and enthusiasm, which should bring about meaningful learning’ (ACEL 2016). The scaffolded course design focuses on embedding professional practice through authentic assessment. Recent student projects include: an infographic of wellbeing techniques for children designed for educational contexts, an informative website to support refugees, a share-economy inspired app for deep cleaning, an infographic on sustainable architecture, a blog on brand development, and a review of robot programming for IT students. We will provide strategies for authentic assessment through technology-enhanced learning, which will offer insight and inspiration for educators interested in adopting these approaches.
Choice is a key element of course design, allowing students to demonstrate key concepts through the creation of unique and meaningful projects. First, students demonstrate threshold concepts, then they follow industry practice to pitch and produce an individual digital project. Course design is grounded in Universal Design for Learning (UDL) and enabling pedagogy (Stokes 2017). UDL techniques, including multiple modes of representation, action and expression, and engagement, support the learning of all students (CAST 2011). Enabling pedagogical approaches work to support the development of confidence, capability and agency, while valuing the strengths individual students bring (Stokes 2021). Students aiming for diverse fields have followed their interests to create digital projects aligned with their career aspirations, from game development to health apps, business sites to educational modules, critical digital reviews to music videos, animations to augmented and virtual reality content. Production work is negotiated with tutors, who provide guidance and mentorship, following a production company ethos. Students adhere to industry standards for copyright and ethical practice in assessments, while building their professional portfolio and skills for future success.
The combination of digital literacy and authentic assessments motivates students to follow their passions and create digital products they care about. This approach has resulted in outstanding student evaluations and learning outcomes, above average retention, and institutional recognition through a Digital Learning citation. Importantly, this approach supports students to build professional skills and knowledge for emerging industries and future career opportunities.
References
ACEL. (2016). Authentic learning: what, why and how? e-Teaching, 10. http://www.acel.org.au/acel/ACEL_docs/Publications/e-Teaching/2016/e-Teaching_2016_10.pdf
Australian Government. (2020). Foundation Skills for Your Future Program: Digital Literacy Skills Framework, Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia.
Australian Technology Network. (2020). ATN joint statement on authentic assessment, Australian Technology Network. https://www.atn.edu.au/news-and-events/latest-news/atn-joint-statement-on-authentic-assessment
CAST. (2011). Universal Design for Learning Guidelines Version 2.0. Massachusetts: Wakefield.
Foundation for Young Australians (2017). The new work smarts. https://www.fya.org.au/report/the-new-work-smarts
Stokes, J. (2017). Inclusion and engagement by design: Creating a digital literacy course to inspire diverse learners in an Australian university enabling program. International Studies in Widening Participation, 4(2), 65–78. https://novaojs.newcastle.edu.au/ceehe/index.php/iswp/article/download/85/103
Stokes, J. (2021). Those skills to take on the world: developing capitals through university enabling programs. The International Journal of Learning in Higher Education, 28 (2), 133-146. DOI: 10.18848/2327-7955/CGP/v28i02/133-146
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Graeme P. Sanderson, Andrew Creek, Kevin Lacey, and Malcolm Wallace. "NEW CITRUS VARIETY EVALUATION IN AUSTRALIA 2005-2012." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1065 (January 2015): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2015.1065.21.
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Polizzotto, Mark N., Erica M. Wood, Helen Ingham, and Anthony J. Keller. "Choosing Donors Wisely. Reducing the Risk of Transfusion-Transmissible Viral Infection through Blood Donor Selection: The Australian Experience 2000–2006." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 2910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.2910.2910.
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Abstract Selection of voluntary donors who are at low risk of transfusion-transmissible viral infection (TTVI) is central in maintaining the safety of the blood supply. Evaluation of the effectiveness of donor selection and the dynamics of the process may offer opportunities to further improve transfusion safety. We analysed the impact of donor selection on the relative prevalence of TTVIs in all allogeneic donations in Australia between July 2000 and June 2006. We further explored the donor selection process where donors were found to have a TTVI despite pre-donation screening. Donors repeat reactive for a TTVI were offered counselling and confidential interview where potential infective risk exposures were reassessed, and disclosure of risk exposures at initial screening re-evaluated. 6,274,144 donations were received during the study period and tested for HCV, HBV, HIV, and HTLVI/II; of these, 1449 (0.02%) were repeat reactive for at least one TTVI and were discarded. Twenty-nice (2.5%) positive donors were not contactable or declined interview, giving an interview participation rate of 98.5%; all 1449 positive donors are included in the prevalence analysis. This comprised 605 (42%) positive for Hepatitis B; 818 (56%) positive for Hepatitis C; 18 (1%) positive for HIV; and 20 (1%) positive for HTLVI/II. The prevalence of HBV in accepted donors was at least 50 times lower than that in the Australian population; for HCV, 75 times lower; and HIV for 350 times lower. In new donors the prevalence was at least 6 times lower for HBV, 12 times lower for HCV and 140 times lower for HIV. In 1158 of 1420 donors interviewed (80%) an infective risk was identified; 509 donors (44%) had more than one risk. The most common identified were country of birth and parental ethnicity (N=682, 26% of reported risks); tattoos/piercings (N=448, 18%); and intravenous drug use (N=302, 12%). Other common risks included surgery or endoscopy (201 donors, 8%); receipt of blood products (N=144, 6%); and other blood contact, such as following sporting injuries (N=232, 10%). High-risk sexual contacts were uncommon risk exposures, but disproportionately significant in donors with HIV. Many of the identified risk exposures were temporally remote. The relative importance of risks varied significantly between TTVIs. In 302 cases (21%) disclosure of the identified risk exposures at pre-donation screening would have resulted in donor deferral. The proportion of positive donations which would not have been accepted had exposures been reported accurately was 3% for HBV; 35% for HCV; 39% for HIV; and 5% for HTLVI/II. Factors influencing non-disclosure included the temporal remoteness or isolated nature of the exposure, belief behaviour was not high-risk (eg, that needles were not shared during drug use), and perceptions that laboratory testing rendered disclosure unnecessary. Concerns about privacy or confidentiality of personal information were uncommon. These findings affirm the effectiveness of current stringent donor selection criteria in reducing the residual risk of TTVI. Ongoing donor education regarding the importance of risk disclosure is required. The development of screening criteria for use with emerging infections also offers continued opportunity for further improvements in transfusion safety.
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Cancet, Mathilde, David Griffin, Madeleine Cahill, Bertrand Chapron, Johnny Johannessen, and Craig Donlon. "Evaluation of GlobCurrent surface ocean current products: A case study in Australia." Remote Sensing of Environment 220 (January 2019): 71–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2018.10.029.
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Hocking, Ailsa, Su-lin Leong, and John Pitt. "Ochratoxin A: a new challenge for Australia?s grape products industries?" Microbiology Australia 24, no. 3 (2003): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma03316.
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Ochratoxin A (OA) was first isolated from Aspergillus ochraceus in 1965 in a laboratory study searching for new toxic metabolites from moulds. At the time, there was no connection with any animal or human disease. OA was found as a natural contaminant of maize in 1969 in the USA and, about the same time, studies were being conducted in Scandinavia on a kidney disease in pigs which appeared to be related to mouldy feed. These studies showed that OA was the cause of the disease now known as porcine nephropathy.
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Ravetti, L. M. "EVALUATION OF NEW OLIVE MECHANICAL HARVESTING TECHNOLOGIES IN AUSTRALIA." Acta Horticulturae, no. 791 (June 2008): 387–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2008.791.56.
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CHRISTENSEN, GORDON J. "EVALUATION OF NEW PRODUCTS AND CONCEPTS IN DENTISTRY." Journal of the American Dental Association 130, no. 9 (September 1999): 1371–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1999.0408.
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Ni Mhurchu, Cliona, Ryan Brown, Yannan Jiang, Helen Eyles, Elizabeth Dunford, and Bruce Neal. "Nutrient profile of 23 596 packaged supermarket foods and non-alcoholic beverages in Australia and New Zealand." Public Health Nutrition 19, no. 3 (April 14, 2015): 401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980015000968.
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AbstractObjectiveTo compare the nutrient profile of packaged supermarket food products available in Australia and New Zealand. Eligibility to carry health claims and relationship between nutrient profile score and nutritional content were also evaluated.DesignNutritional composition data were collected in six major Australian and New Zealand supermarkets in 2012. Mean Food Standards Australia New Zealand Nutrient Profiling Scoring Criterion (NPSC) scores were calculated and the proportion of products eligible to display health claims was estimated. Regression analyses quantified associations between NPSC scores and energy density, saturated fat, sugar and sodium contents.ResultsNPSC scores were derived for 23 596 packaged food products (mean score 7·0, range −17 to 53). Scores were lower (better nutrient profile) for foods in Australia compared with New Zealand (mean 6·6 v. 7·8). Overall, 45 % of foods were eligible to carry health claims based on NPSC thresholds: 47 % in Australia and 41 % in New Zealand. However, less than one-third of dairy (32 %), meat and meat products (28 %) and bread and bakery products (27·5 %) were eligible to carry health claims. Conversely, >75 % of convenience food products were eligible to carry health claims (82·5 %). Each two-unit higher NPSC score was associated with higher energy density (78 kJ/100 g), saturated fat (0·95 g/100 g), total sugar (1·5 g/100 g) and sodium (66 mg/100 g; all P values<0·001).ConclusionsFewer than half of all packaged foods available in Australia and New Zealand in 2012 met nutritional criteria to carry health claims. The few healthy choices available in key staple food categories is a concern. Improvements in nutritional quality of foods through product reformulation have significant potential to improve population diets.
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Lees, Gavin, Maxwell Winchester, and Sidath De Silva. "Demographic product segmentation in financial services products in Australia and New Zealand." Journal of Financial Services Marketing 21, no. 3 (July 26, 2016): 240–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41264-016-0004-3.
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Ashmore, Ellen, Sarah Molyneux, Seamus Watson, Geoff Miles, and Andrew Pearson. "Inorganic arsenic in rice and rice products in New Zealand and Australia." Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B 12, no. 4 (August 13, 2019): 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19393210.2019.1651403.
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Xu, Junqian, and Yuanyuan Wu. "A Comparative Study of the Role of Australia and New Zealand in Sustainable Dairy Competition in the Chinese Market after the Dairy Safety Scandals." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 12 (December 15, 2018): 2880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122880.
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After the melamine milk scandal in 2008, China’s global imports of dairy products soared, especially after FTAs had been established with Australia and New Zealand. The dairy products of the two countries have a unique competitive trading advantage in the Chinese market. However, at a time when Chinese consumers are increasingly dependent on imported dairy products, a succession of whey protein scandals affecting New Zealand’s dairy products in 2013 had a negative psychological impact on Chinese importers and consumers, and this even affected the import status of New Zealand dairy imports to the Chinese market. The present paper, based on the United Nations Comtrade Harmonized System, studies the role of Australia and New Zealand in China’s dairy market. It calculates the trade competitiveness index, revealing the relative competitive advantages of Australia and New Zealand, and investigates the impact of the dairy products from these countries on China’s imports from the rest of the world across six dairy sectors in the period 1992–2017. We find that, under the food safety laws, the relative dairy import prices, milk scandals, and Free Trade Agreements, together with the competitive advantages of Australia and New Zealand, had a varied impact on the corresponding Chinese dairy imports across the relevant sectors in the context of China food safety laws after the melamine milk scandal. These findings acknowledge Australia and New Zealand’s competitiveness in the international dairy trade, and also lead to suggestions regarding their competitiveness and sustainable development in the Chinese market.
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Ryan, Bill. "‘Death by evaluation’? Reflections on monitoring and evaluation in Australia and New Zealand." Evaluation Journal of Australasia 3, no. 1 (August 2003): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1035719x0300300103.
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Thomson, John, and Joye Volker. "Australian visual arts: libraries and the new technologies." Art Libraries Journal 21, no. 1 (1996): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200009676.
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Electronic networking has been welcomed in Australia not least because of its potential to help solve problems of distances within Australia and of the isolation of Australia. In the world as a whole, the Internet, and the World Wide Web in particular, is transforming the communication of art information and access to art images. Three Australian Web servers focus on the visual arts: Art Serve, Diva, and AusArts. A number of initiatives intended to provide online bibliographic databases devoted to Australian art were launched in the 1980s. More recently a number of CD-ROMs have been published. As elsewhere, art librarians in Australia need new skills to integrate these products of new technology into the art library, and to transform the latter into a multimedia resource centre.
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Marks, Caron, Robin L. Tideman, and Adrian Mindel. "Evaluation of sexual health services within Australia and New Zealand." Medical Journal of Australia 166, no. 7 (April 1997): 348–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1997.tb123161.x.
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Boschma, SP, GJ Crocker, GM Lodge, and S. Harden. "Evaluation of pasture legumes in northern New South Wales, Australia." New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 54, no. 3 (August 22, 2011): 203–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288233.2011.594444.
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El-Zeftawi, B. M., I. R. Thornton, and R. H. Lloyd. "Evaluation of some new Valencia orange selections in Sunraysia, Australia." Journal of Horticultural Science 60, no. 1 (January 1985): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14620316.1985.11515610.
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Gibson, Robert, Barry J. Conn, and Jeremy J. Bruhl. "Morphological evaluation of the Drosera peltata complex (Droseraceae)." Australian Systematic Botany 25, no. 1 (2012): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb11030.
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A phenetic study of morphological characters of the Drosera peltata complex (Droseraceae) supports the recognition of the following taxa: D. peltata from wetlands of south-eastern Australia; D. auriculata from south-eastern Australia and New Zealand; the morphologically variable D. hookeri from south-eastern Australia and northern New Zealand; the widespread D. lunata from southern and South-East Asia, as well as northern and north-eastern Australia; and the new species D. yilgarnensis R.P.Gibson & B.J.Conn is here described, from around granite outcrops of south-western Australia. D. bicolor from south-western Australia is recognised as a distinct species outside of the D. peltata complex. D. insolita, considered until recently as a distinct species, is reduced to synonymy of D. lunata. Phenotypic plasticity, vegetative similarity and fleetingly produced diagnostic floral and seed characters within the complex pose significant challenges in understanding the taxonomy of these taxa.
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Roberts, D. E., and G. A. Travis. "Microtextural evaluation of nickel sulphide gossans in Western Australia." Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 77, no. 1 (1986): 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300010749.
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ABSTRACTThe discovery in 1966 of Ni sulphide deposits at Kambalda, Western Australia resulted from the interpretation of siliceous limonitic material containing up to 1·0% Ni and 0·3% Cu as the gossanous expression of Ni sulphides. In many cases analysis for Ni, Cu, Zn, Co, Cr, Mn and Pb will distinguish Ni–Cu gossans from other oxidised sulphide assemblages and pseudo-gossans. However, most geochemical classification schemes cannot always distinguish strongly silicified or sulphide-poor Ni gossans from Fe sulphide gossans enriched in Ni and Cu or from some nickeliferous oxidised and lateritic products which have no sulphide source. Ambiguous cases may be resolved by analysis for Pd and Ir but this method is expensive and requires very sophisticated analytical techniques.The use of reflected light microscopy to examine microtextures preserved in the surface gossans from a supergene pyrite-violarite-marcasite sulphide assemblage has allowed the refinement of geochemical classification schemes. The preservation of supergene zone textures by pseudomorphous Si–Fe replacement often permits the original sulphide proportions and Ni–Cu grade to be reliably assessed. Relict microtextures are usually preserved, even in pale coloured, highly siliceous gossans containing less than 0·01% Ni.
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Vuong, Binh T., Sing Ki Choi, and Zahid Hoque. "Modelling of Reinforced Asphalt Products for Road Applications." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 2672–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.2672.
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New technology of reinforcement materials in asphalt overlays can offer a potentially cost effective solution for treating cracked pavements. To date, however, there is no design process allowing the use of available reinforcement products in road applications in Australia; whereas overseas design procedures are not readily available. A new 3D finite element (FE) analysis procedure was considered where reinforced asphalt layer is modelled as a thin 3D compound non-homogeneous layer which is then converted into a 3D orthotropic membrane. This procedure was used to analyse performance of three reinforcing products for road applications in Australia and results indicated that it is possible to predict and compare “retard reflection cracking” performance of various reinforced products.
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Gray, Robert M., and Jeffery G. Roback. "New Products Evaluation Program for Lower-Volume Local Roads." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1989-1, no. 1 (January 2007): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1989-22.
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Veryzer, Robert W. "Key Factors Affecting Customer Evaluation of Discontinuous New Products." Journal of Product Innovation Management 15, no. 2 (March 1998): 136–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1540-5885.1520136.
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Sarrett, David C. "Disposable Handpieces: A Laboratory Evaluation of Two New Products." Journal of the American Dental Association 144, no. 7 (July 2013): 841–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2013.0198.
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Calafat, F. M., P. Cipollini, J. Bouffard, H. Snaith, and P. Féménias. "Evaluation of new CryoSat-2 products over the ocean." Remote Sensing of Environment 191 (March 2017): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.01.009.
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Ramachandran, Uma, H. M. Divekar, S. K. Grover, and K. K. Srivastava. "New experimental model for the evaluation of adaptogenic products." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 29, no. 3 (July 1990): 275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(90)90038-u.
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Wu, Jason H. Y., Bruce Neal, Helen Trevena, Michelle Crino, Wendy Stuart-Smith, Kim Faulkner-Hogg, Jimmy Chun Yu Louie, and Elizabeth Dunford. "Are gluten-free foods healthier than non-gluten-free foods? An evaluation of supermarket products in Australia." British Journal of Nutrition 114, no. 3 (June 29, 2015): 448–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114515002056.
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Despite tremendous growth in the consumption of gluten-free (GF) foods, there is a lack of evaluation of their nutritional profile and how they compare with non-GF foods. The present study evaluated the nutritional quality of GF and non-GF foods in core food groups, and a wide range of discretionary products in Australian supermarkets. Nutritional information on the Nutrition Information Panel was systematically obtained from all packaged foods at four large supermarkets in Sydney, Australia in 2013. Food products were classified as GF if a GF declaration appeared anywhere on the product packaging, or non-GF if they contained gluten, wheat, rye, triticale, barley, oats or spelt. The primary outcome was the ‘Health Star Rating’ (HSR: lowest score 0·5; optimal score 5), a nutrient profiling scheme endorsed by the Australian Government. Differences in the content of individual nutrients were explored in secondary analyses. A total of 3213 food products across ten food categories were included. On average, GF plain dry pasta scored nearly 0·5 stars less (P< 0·001) compared with non-GF products; however, there were no significant differences in the mean HSR for breads or ready-to-eat breakfast cereals (P≥ 0·42 for both). Relative to non-GF foods, GF products had consistently lower average protein content across all the three core food groups, in particular for pasta and breads (52 and 32 % less, P< 0·001 for both). A substantial proportion of foods in discretionary categories carried GF labels (e.g. 87 % of processed meats), and the average HSR of GF discretionary foods were not systematically superior to those of non-GF products. The consumption of GF products is unlikely to confer health benefits, unless there is clear evidence of gluten intolerance.