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Journal articles on the topic 'New heavy gauge boson'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Kaneta, Kunio, Subeom Kang, and Hye-Sung Lee. "Diphoton channel at the LHC experiments to find a hint for a new heavy gauge boson." International Journal of Modern Physics A 31, no. 27 (September 30, 2016): 1650159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x16501591.

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Recently there has been a huge interest in the diphoton excess around 750 GeV reported by both ATLAS and CMS collaborations, although the newest analysis with more statistics does not seem to support the excess. Nevertheless, the diphoton channel at the LHC experiments are a powerful tool to probe a new physics. One of the most natural explanations of a diphoton excess, if it occurs, could be a new scalar boson with exotic colored particles. In this setup, it would be legitimate to ask what is the role of this new scalar in nature. A heavy neutral gauge boson [Formula: see text] is one of the traditional targets of the discovery at the collider experiments with numerous motivations. While the Landau–Yang theorem dictates the diphoton excess cannot be this spin-1 gauge boson, there is a strong correlation of a new heavy gauge boson and a new scalar boson which provides a mass to the gauge boson being at the same mass scale. In this paper, we point out a simple fact that a new scalar with a property similar to the recently highlighted 750 GeV would suggest an existence of a TeV scale [Formula: see text] gauge boson that might be within the reach of the LHC Run 2 experiments. We take a scenario of the well-motivated and popular gauged [Formula: see text] symmetry and require the gauge coupling unification to predict the mass and other properties of the [Formula: see text] and illustrate the discovery of the [Formula: see text] would occur during the LHC experiments.

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2

Ma, Ernest, and D. P. Roy. "Heavy triplet leptons and new gauge boson." Nuclear Physics B 644, no. 1-2 (November 2002): 290–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0550-3213(02)00815-5.

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3

Huyen, Vu Thi Ngoc, Hoang Ngoc Long, Tran Thanh Lam, and Vo Quoc Phong. "Neutral Current in Reduced Minimal 3-3-1 Model." Communications in Physics 24, no. 2 (July 9, 2014): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0868-3166/24/2/3774.

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This work is devoted for gauge boson sector of the recentlyproposed model based on \(\mathrm{SU}(3)_C\otimes \mathrm{SU}(3)_L\otimes \mathrm{U}(1)_X\) group with minimal content of leptons andHiggses. The limits on the masses of the bilepton gauge bosons andon the mixing angle among the neutral ones are deduced. Using theFritzsch anzats on quark mixing, we show that the third family ofquarks should be different from the first two. We obtain a lowerbound on mass of the new heavy neutral gauge boson as 4.032 TeV.Using data on branching decay rates of the \(Z\) boson, we can fix the limit to the \(Z\) and $Z^\prime$ mixing angle\(\phi\) as \(-0.001\le\phi\le 0.0003\).

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Hewett, J. L., and T. G. Rizzo. "HEAVY LEPTON PAIR PRODUCTION FROM NEW Z’ RESONANCES." International Journal of Modern Physics A 02, no. 04 (August 1987): 1189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x87000570.

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We examine the possibility that heavy lepton pair production can be significantly enhanced by the existence of a new neutral gauge boson, Z’, at SSC energies. We find that in some models, the heavy lepton production cross section resulting from this mechanism exceeds that from production via other scenarios.

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5

Tuominen, K. "Dynamical origin of the electroweak scale and a 125 GeV boson." International Journal of Modern Physics A 32, no. 35 (December 20, 2017): 1747008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x1747008x.

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A fully dynamical origin for the masses of weak gauge bosons and heavy quarks of the Standard Model is considered. Electroweak symmetry breaking and the gauge boson masses arise from new strong dynamics, which leads to the appearance of a composite scalar in the spectrum of excitations. In order to generate mass for the Standard Model fermions, we consider extended gauge dynamics, effectively represented by four fermion interactions at presently accessible energies. By systematically treating these interactions, we show that they lead to a large reduction of the mass of the scalar resonance. Therefore, interpreting the scalar as the recently observed 125 GeV state, implies that the mass originating solely from new strong dynamics can be much heavier, of the order of 1 TeV. The couplings of the scalar resonance with the Standard Model gauge bosons and fermions are evaluated, and found to be compatible with the current LHC results.

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6

Serenkova, I. A., A. A. Pankov, and V. A. Bednyakov. "Improved Constraints on the Heavy Gauge Bosons Decaying to Pairs of Electroweak Bosons by Using the Expected Run 3 Data and HL-LHC Options." Nonlinear Phenomena in Complex Systems 25, no. 4 (December 12, 2022): 318–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/1561-4085-2022-25-4-318-325.

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The expected ATLAS Run 3 data set with time-integrated luminosity of 300 fb−1 and HL–LHC options at the LHC in the diboson channels are used to probe a simple benchmark model with an extended gauge sector, proposed by Altarelli et al. This model accommodates new charged W' and neutral Z' vector bosons with modified trilinear Standard Model gauge couplings, decaying into electroweak gauge boson pairs W Z or W W, where W / Z decay semileptonically. Also presented, from a similar analysis of W' and Z' bosons arising in the EGM, which can decay through W' → lν and Z' → ll , are limits on the W–W' and Z–Z' mixing parameters and the W' and Z' vector boson masses. We present upper limits on the mixing parameters, Z–Z' and W–W', by using the expected Run 3 data and HL–LHC options.

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7

Serenkova, I. A., A. A. Pankov, and V. A. Bednyakov. "New heavy gauge bosons decaying to pair of electroweak bosons: prospect studies at Run 3 and HL-LHC with ATLAS." Journal of Physics and Electronics 29, no. 1 (September 7, 2021): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/332102.

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The expected ATLAS Run 3 data set with time-integrated luminosity of 300 fb-1 and HL-LHC option of the LHC with L = 3000 fb-1 in the diboson channels in semileptonic final states are used to probe a simple benchmark model with an extended gauge sector, proposed by Altarelli et al. This model accommodates new charged W' and neutral Z' vector bosons with modified trilinear Standard Model gauge couplings, decaying into electroweak gauge boson pairs WZ or WW , where W / Z decay semileptonically. We present upper limits on the mixing parameters, W - W' and Z- Z ' , by using the expected Run 3 data and HL-LHC options of the LHC.

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8

Lee, Tae Hoon, and Dae Sung Hwang. "CP Violation in SU(3) × U(1) Electroweak Model." International Journal of Modern Physics A 12, no. 24 (September 30, 1997): 4411–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x97002401.

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We study the charged and the neutral current interactions of quarks in an SU (3)L × U (1)X electroweak model. Based on the assumption that u-type quarks coincide with their mass eigenstates, we obtain a new mixing angle θ′ and another CP violating phase δ′ in the extra heavy quark sector besides the usual Kobayashi–Maskawa mixing matrix. This new phase δ′ does not effect a change in the mass matrix elements of the [Formula: see text] systems when θ′ is small, but extra heavy quarks and gauge bosons give rise to additional contribution to the real part of the off-diagonal mass matrix elements and then the CP violation parameter ε is modified. By requiring that the tree level FCNC does not have an important effect on the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] mixings in this model, we obtain a new lower bound on the mass of the extra heavy neutral gauge boson as 1.8 TeV.

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9

Li, Bing An. "CURRENT ALGEBRA BASED EFFECTIVE CHIRAL THEORY OF MESONS AND A NEW EW THEORY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 21, no. 04 (February 10, 2006): 950–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x06032393.

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A current algebra based effective chiral theory of pseudoscalar, vector, axial-vector mesons is reviewed. A new mechanism generating the masses and guage fixing terms of gauge boson is revealed from this effective theory. A EW theory without Higgs is proposed. The masses and gauge fixing terms of W and Z are dynamically generated. Three heavy scalar fields are dynamically generated too. They are ghosts.

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10

HEWETT, J. L., and T. G. RIZZO. "NEW HEAVY LEPTON PAIR-PRODUCTION FROM Z′ RESONANCES AT HADRON COLLIDERS." Modern Physics Letters A 03, no. 06 (May 1988): 589–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732388000702.

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We examine the possibility that heavy lepton (L) pair production can be significantly enhanced by the existence of a new neutral gauge boson Z′ in hadron collisions. We find that in several E6-type models, the [Formula: see text] production cross section far exceeds that expected in the standard model. This may allow for the observation of [Formula: see text] pairs above the large W+W− background.

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11

Flórez, Andrés, Alfredo Gurrola, Will Johns, Young Do Oh, Paul Sheldon, Dylan Teague, and Thomas Weiler. "Searching for new heavy neutral gauge bosons using vector boson fusion processes at the LHC." Physics Letters B 767 (April 2017): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2017.01.062.

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12

DEL AGUILA, F., and J. VIDAL. "RESOLUTION EFFECTS ON Z′ OBSERVABLES." International Journal of Modern Physics A 04, no. 16 (October 10, 1989): 4097–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x89001692.

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We discuss the relevant observables, near the resonant peak, characterizing the interactions of a new neutral gauge boson Z′ for the process pp → l+l− at SSC and LHC. Some of these observables are sensitively dependent on a high resolution. Numerical examples are given for a heavy Z′ (~1 TeV ) and for some models motivated by superstrings.

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13

Li, Shu. "Standard model measurements with ATLAS (+CMS) detector(s)." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 39 (January 2015): 1560102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194515601027.

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We present a broad range of Standard Model measurements performed in proton-proton collisions at the LHC on a variety of topics [Formula: see text]jets production and ratios, the electroweak multi-boson production, [Formula: see text] heavy flavor decay production, jet production, photon physics, the Standard Model soft QCD and diffractive physics. The latest public results from ATLAS experiment are obtained at the center-of-mass energy of both 7 TeV and 8 TeV, which covers total cross sections, fiducial cross sections, differential cross sections wherever available and comparison with Leading-Order/Next-to-Leading-Order/Next-to-Next-to-Leading-Order theory predictions. These measurements provide important tests for perturbative QCD, electroweak multi-boson interactions, Electroweak Symmetry Breaking over a broad kinematic range and constraints for PDFs. Model-independent new physics searches are also performed by probing anomalous gauge bosons couplings using effective Lagrangian or effective field theory formalism.

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14

ALTARELLI, G., R. CASALBUONI, D. DOMINICI, F. FERUGLIO, and R. GATTO. "Z WIDTH AND BRANCHING RATIOS IN EXTENDED GAUGE MODELS." Modern Physics Letters A 05, no. 07 (March 20, 1990): 495–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732390000573.

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We study the effects of a possible new heavy neutral vector boson ZH on the partial and total widths of the ZL which are being studied at LEP. The analysis is formulated in as general terms as possible, without commitment to a particular model. The constraints on [Formula: see text] from CDF and the new data on [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are taken into account. As expected, the induced deviations are at the level of a few per cent. The allowed range decreases with increasing mt. The lepton widths and the peak cross-sections are particularly sensitive. A fourth light neutrino is excluded also in extended gauge models.

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15

BARGER, V., and K. WHISNANT. "HIGGS BOSON PRODUCTION VIA Z, W BOSONS AND TOPONIUM IN THE E6 SUPERSTRING MODEL." International Journal of Modern Physics A 03, no. 08 (August 1988): 1907–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x88000801.

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We examine the production of light Higgs bosons associated with electroweak symmetry-breaking in an E6 superstring model in Z→HZ* decays, in e+e− annihilation and in toponium decays. We find that the couplings of the lightest scalar Higgs boson [Formula: see text] in these models are very similar to those of the standard Higgs boson unless the pseudoscalar P0 in the model has mass ≤Mz. Possible new modes for Higgs boson production not found in the standard model include [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] or (H+H−), where [Formula: see text] is the second lightest scalar. We give simple analytic expressions for the Higgs boson masses and mixing angles in the limit that the extra Z′ gauge boson is heavy which clearly shows the production mechanisms that are favored for a given set of model parameters. The lower bound on the mass of the charged Higgs boson associated with the electroweak symmetry breaking is 53 GeV, independent of the Z′ boson mass or mixing; this bound is realized only for very small [Formula: see text] and P0 masses. Toponium decays to [Formula: see text] and H+H− may exist at up to the per cent level for some model parameters. The dominant decay mode for [Formula: see text] could be [Formula: see text], if kinematically allowed, while the principal decays for [Formula: see text] could be [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] .

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16

GNINENKO, S. N., A. YU. IGNATIEV, and V. A. MATVEEV. "TWO-PHOTON DECAY OF Z′ AS A PROBE OF BOSE SYMMETRY VIOLATION AT THE CERN LHC." International Journal of Modern Physics A 26, no. 25 (October 10, 2011): 4367–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x11054528.

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The question if the Bose statistics is broken at the TeV scale is discussed. The decay of a new heavy spin-1 gauge boson Z′ into two photons, Z′ → γγ, is forbidden by the Bose statistics among other general principles of quantum field theory (Landau–Yang theorem). We point out that the search for this decay can be effectively used to probe the Bose symmetry violation at the CERN LHC.

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17

de la Torre, Hector, and Trisha Farooque. "Looking beyond the Standard Model with Third Generation Quarks at the LHC." Symmetry 14, no. 3 (February 23, 2022): 444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14030444.

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The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is at the frontier of collider physics today, probing new physics at unprecedented energy scales. Many theories of physics beyond the Standard Model seek to elucidate the underlying mechanism of electroweak symmetry breaking. Given their large Yukawa couplings to the Higgs boson, third generations quarks of the Standard Model, and especially the top quark, play a key role in such theories. Therefore, new particles predicted by these theories often couple preferentially to top and bottom quarks. The favoured coupling to third generation can also be used to explain recently observed flavour physics anomalies in the LHCb, Babar or Belle experiments. This article will review recent searches for new physics performed by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the LHC, in final states containing top and bottom quarks. In particular, searches for vector-like quarks, leptoquarks, and heavy scalar and gauge bosons will be discussed.

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18

Cvetič, Gorazd, and Reinhart Kögerler. "Quantum-induced fermionic couplings of new heavy gauge bosons." Physics Letters B 217, no. 4 (February 1989): 496–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(89)90085-3.

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19

BAUER, DANIEL A. "PHYSICS AT γγ AND eγ COLLIDERS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 11, no. 09 (April 10, 1996): 1637–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x96000833.

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New developments in linear collider and laser technology should soon make it possible to construct a Photon Linear Collider, where high energy photon beams, produced by Compton backscattering laser photons off linac electrons, are brought into collision with electron beams or with other photon beams. High luminosities, along with control over both the energy distribution and polarization of the photon beams, will give such a facility the potential for a very interesting physics program. In particular, a Photon Linear Collider offers a unique environment for the study of Higgs bosons and discovery of new particles such as excited electron states, supersymmetric particles, heavy charged particle pairs, or any particles with appreciable two-photon couplings. Precision electroweak tests also benefit from such a machine, allowing a test of the three-gauge-boson WWγ vertex. The Photon Linear Collider would serve as an excellent laboratory for Quantum Chromodynamics studies involving photon structure functions, jet and hadron production, and resonance production.

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20

Nardi, Enrico, Esteban Roulet, and Daniele Tommasini. "New neutral gauge bosons and new heavy fermions in the light of the new LEP data." Physics Letters B 344, no. 1-4 (January 1995): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(95)91542-m.

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21

Djouala, M., N. Mebarki, and H. Aissaoui. "A new anomaly-free flipped 341 model." International Journal of Modern Physics A 36, no. 17 (June 7, 2021): 2150101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x21501013.

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A new flipped [Formula: see text] model without exotic electric charges is proposed. All the quark families are arranged in the same representation while lepton generations are in different representations leading to a tree level FCNC. Moreover, it is shown that the cancellation of the triangle gauge anomalies requires new additional leptons a 10-plet and a quadruplet. All fermion masses have been also discussed. Furthermore, using the most recent experimental data of the branching ratios of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] rare decay modes, stringent bounds on the heavy neutral bosons masses and the muon-electron mixing matrix element are obtained.

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Borah, Debasish, Arnab Dasgupta, and Sudhanwa Patra. "Neutrinoless double beta decay in minimal left–right symmetric model with universal seesaw." International Journal of Modern Physics A 33, no. 35 (December 20, 2018): 1850198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x18501981.

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We present a detailed discussion on neutrinoless double beta decay [Formula: see text] within left–right symmetric models based on the gauge symmetry of type [Formula: see text] as well as [Formula: see text] where fermion masses including that of neutrinos are generated through a universal seesaw mechanism. We find that one or more of the right-handed neutrinos could be as light as a few keV if left–right symmetry breaking occurs in the range of a few TeV to 100 TeV. With such light right-handed neutrinos, we perform a detailed study of new physics contributions to [Formula: see text] and constrain the model parameters from the latest experimental bound on such a rare decay process. We find that the new physics contribution to [Formula: see text] in such a scenario, particularly the heavy–light neutrino mixing diagrams, can individually saturate the existing experimental bounds, but their contributions to total [Formula: see text] half-life cancel each other due to unitarity of the total [Formula: see text] mass matrix. The effective contribution to half-life therefore, arises from the purely left and purely right neutrino and gauge boson mediated diagrams. We find that the parameter space saturating the [Formula: see text] bounds remains allowed from the latest experimental bounds on charged lepton flavor violating decays like [Formula: see text]. We finally include the bounds from cosmology and supernova to constrain the parameter space of the model.

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Cogollo, D. "Exotic leptons: Collider and muon magnetic moment constraints." International Journal of Modern Physics A 30, no. 32 (November 17, 2015): 1550187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x15501870.

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In light of the ongoing effort on reducing the theoretical uncertainties and an upcoming experiment concerning muon magnetic moment, we perform a detailed study of an 3-4-1 electroweak gauge extension of the standard model that contains exotic charged leptons in its spectrum. We discuss flavor changing neutral current, collider and electroweak bounds on the model and derive [Formula: see text] limits using current and projected limits on the muon magnetic moment. In summary, we exclude the masses of new gauge bosons that couple to muons and heavy charged leptons up to 700 GeV. Moreover, we find a projected lower bound on the scale of symmetry breaking to be 2 TeV.

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Mandal, Tanumoy. "Exclusion Limits on a Scalar Decaying to Photons and Distinguishing Its Production Mechanisms." Advances in High Energy Physics 2018 (2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9150617.

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LHC run-II has a great potential to search for new resonances in the diphoton channel. Latest 13 TeV data already put stringent limits on the cross sections in the diphoton channel assuming the resonance is produced through the gluon-gluon fusion. Many beyond the Standard Model (SM) theories predict TeV-scale scalars, which copiously decay to diphotons. Apart from the gluon-gluon fusion production, these scalars can also be dominantly produced in other ways too at the LHC, namely, through the quark-quark fusion or the gauge boson fusions like the photon-photon, photon-Z, WW, or ZZ fusions. In this paper we use an effective field theory approach where a heavy scalar can be produced in various ways and recast the latest ATLAS diphoton resonance search to put model-independent limits on its mass and effective couplings to the SM particles. If a new scalar is discovered at the LHC, it would be very important to identify its production mechanism in order to probe the nature of the underlying theory. We show that combining various kinematic variables in a multivariate analysis can be very powerful to distinguish different production mechanisms from one another.

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Krori, K. D., and Namita Sarma Bordoloi. "Rajpoot–Samuel four-preon model of elementary particles." Canadian Journal of Physics 68, no. 6 (June 1, 1990): 541–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p90-082.

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A study of the four-preon model of quarks, leptons, and gauge bosons recently developed by Rajpoot and Samuel has been presented in this paper with reference to a number of electromagnetic, weak, and lepto-quark interactions. It is pointed out that neutrino oscillations and neutrinoless double β-decay are not likely to occur according to this model, but the process μ → e−γ may. Further, in the context of new heavy leptons and a new scalar particle recently discussed in the literature, an attempt at identification of these particles is also made here.

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KIM, SUN MYONG. "A TEST OF SU(15) AT HERA USING THE HELAS PROGRAM." Modern Physics Letters A 16, no. 32 (October 20, 2001): 2115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732301005448.

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A possible SU(15) process at HERA is investigated. The process that we consider is [Formula: see text] through the exchange of new heavy gauge bosons X- and X-- which are predicted in SU(15). This process produces two easily observable like-sign muons in the final state. The cross-section of this process is calculated by using HELAS and VEGAS programs, and PDF-library functions. The cross-section turns out to be small to be observed in the near future.

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Sanz, Verónica. "On the Compatibility of the Diboson Excess with agg-Initiated Composite Sector." Advances in High Energy Physics 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3279568.

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We propose that recent results by ATLAS and CMS searching for heavy resonances decaying into bosons could be a first hint of a new sector of pure gauge confining physics, possibly linked to the origin of the Higgs as a Composite Higgs. The lightest resonances (glueballs) of this new sector would be neutral, spin-zero, and spin-two, and their behaviour would resemble that of a radion and a massive graviton of extra dimensions. We outline how 13 TeV LHC data could be used to improve sensitivity on this scenario, as well as future characterization during the 13 TeV LHC run.

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WAGNER, WOLFGANG. "TOP–ANTITOP-QUARK PRODUCTION AND DECAY PROPERTIES AT THE TEVATRON." Modern Physics Letters A 25, no. 16 (May 30, 2010): 1297–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021773231003330x.

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At the Tevatron, the collider experiments CDF and DØ have data sets at their disposal that comprise a few thousand reconstructed top–antitop-quark pairs and allow for precision measurements of the cross section as well as production and decay properties. Besides comparing the measurements to standard model predictions, these data sets open a window to physics beyond the standard model. Dedicated analyses look for new heavy gauge bosons, fourth generation quarks, and flavor-changing neutral currents. In this mini-review the current status of these measurements is summarized.

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HE, XIAO-GANG, SHU-YU HO, JUSAK TANDEAN, and HO-CHIN TSAI. "SCALAR DARK MATTER AND STANDARD MODEL WITH FOUR GENERATIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics D 20, no. 08 (August 15, 2011): 1423–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271811019608.

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This talk is based on the previous paper [X. G. He et al., Phys. Rev. D82 (2010) 035016]. We consider a scalar dark-matter model, the SM4+D, consisting of the standard model with four generations (SM4) and a real gauge-singlet scalar called darkon, D, as the weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark-matter (DM) candidate. We explore constraints on the darkon sector of the SM4+D from WIMP DM direct-search experiments, and from the decay of a B meson into a kaon plus missing energy. Since the darkon-Higgs interaction may give rise to considerable enhancement of the Higgs invisible decay mode, the existence of the darkon could lead to the weakening or evasion of some of the restrictions on the Higgs mass in the presence of fourth-generation quarks. In addition, it can affect the flavor-changing decays of these new heavy quarks into a lighter quark and the Higgs boson, as the Higgs may subsequently decay invisibly. Therefore, we also study these flavor-changing neutral transitions involving the darkon, as well as the corresponding top-quark decay t → cDD, some of which may be observable at the Tevatron or LHC and thus provide additional tests for the SM4+D.

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Syromyatnikov, A. G. "The g – 2 muon anomaly in di-muon production with the torsion in LHC." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 13, no. 07 (July 25, 2016): 1650093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887816500936.

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It was considered within the framework of the conformal gauge gravitational theory CGTG coupling of the standard model fermions to the axial torsion and preliminary discusses the impact of extra dimensions, in particular, in a five-dimensional space-time with Randall–Sundrum metric, where the fifth dimension is compactified on an [Formula: see text] orbifold, which as it turns out is conformally to the fifth dimension flat Euclidean space with permanent trace of torsion, with a compactification radius [Formula: see text] in terms of the radius of a CGTG gravitational screening, through torsion in a process [Formula: see text] and LHC data. In general, have come to the correct set of the conformal calibration curvature the Faddeev–Popov diagram technique type, that follows directly from dynamics. This leads to the effect of restrictions on neutral spin currents of gauge fields by helicity and the Regge’s form theory. The diagrams reveals the fact of opening of the fine spacetime structure in a process [Formula: see text] with a center-of-mass energy of 14[Formula: see text]TeV, indicated by dotted lines and texture columns, as a result of p–p collision on [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cm scales from geometric shell gauge bosons of the SM continued by the heavy axial torsion resonance, and even by emerging from the inside into the outside of the ultra-light (freely-frozen in muon’s spin) axial torsion. We then evaluate the contribution of the torsion to the muon anomaly to derive new constraints on the torsion parameters. It was obtained that on the [Formula: see text] scattering through the exchange of axial torsion accounting, the nucleon anomalous magnetic moment in the eikonal phase leads to additive additives which is responsible for the spin-flip in the scattering process, the scattering amplitude is classical and characterized by a strong the torsion coupling [Formula: see text]. So the scattering of particles, occurs as on the Coulomb center with the charge [Formula: see text] This is the base model which is the g[Formula: see text]2 muon anomaly. The muon anomaly contribution due to the heavy axial vector torsion arises from coupling the muon with torsion as external field. This leads to negative energy additive to mass of muons which makes the missing part of the g[Formula: see text]2 muon anomaly. It takes place at reasonable values of the transverse front size of the exact solution CGTG equations types of torsion waves with the spin-flip close to the size of the Compton length muon.

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FOOT, R., and S. TITARD. "GAUGE BOSON MASSES FROM FERMION MASSES?" Modern Physics Letters A 07, no. 22 (July 20, 1992): 1991–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732392001713.

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We examine the possibility that the masses of the W and Z gauge bosons are induced radiatively from the masses of heavy fermions. From experiment we know that [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]. We point out that this relation can be naturally obtained if the W and Z boson masses are radiatively generated from heavy fermions which arise from a mass matrix which has large electroweak violating masses as well as very large electroweak invariant masses. Two examples of this are considered: The usual see-saw neutrino model and the SU(5)c/quark-lepton symmetric models.

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32

Rizzo, Thomas G. "Triple gauge boson decay of heavy Higgs bosons." Physics Letters B 217, no. 1-2 (January 1989): 191–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(89)91541-4.

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33

Dawson, Sally, and G. Valencia. "Heavy fermion effects on longitudinal gauge boson scattering." Physics Letters B 246, no. 1-2 (August 1990): 156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(90)91324-5.

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34

CSIKOR, F., E. LENDVAI, and G. PÓCSIK. "EXTRA NEUTRAL GAUGE BOSONS IN e+e−ANNIHILATION INTO HADRONS." Modern Physics Letters A 04, no. 07 (April 10, 1989): 661–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732389000782.

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The influence of an extra neutral E6 gauge boson of mass 140–300 GeV on the total cross section of e+e− annihilation into hadrons is studied at energies around the mass of the heavy neutral gauge boson.

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35

Barger, V., and K. Whisnant. "HEAVY Z BOSON DECAYS TO W, Z AND HIGGS BOSONS IN E6 SUPERSTRING MODELS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 02, no. 04 (August 1987): 1171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x87000557.

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We report on the decays of a heavy neutral gauge boson Z2 into W+W−, the Z and a Higgs boson, or two Higgs bosons in superstring-inspired electroweak models with an extra U(1) gauge group, two Higgs doublets and a Higgs singlet. The branching ratios for these processes are generally similar and two boson decay modes of Z2 must exist at the few percent level if kinematically accessible, although the bosonic modes which dominate in any given scenario depend on the U(1) quantum numbers and mixing in the Higgs sector.

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36

Evans, Jason L., Masahiro Ibe, and Tsutomu T. Yanagida. "Relatively heavy Higgs boson in more generic gauge mediation." Physics Letters B 705, no. 4 (November 2011): 342–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2011.10.031.

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37

Cvetič, G., and R. Kögerler. "Vector-boson self-couplings in an electroweak theory with heavy gauge boson triplets." Physics Letters B 237, no. 3-4 (March 1990): 463–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(90)91207-r.

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38

Rizzo, Thomas G., and Richard W. Robinett. "Triple gauge boson decay of new neutral gauge bosons." Physics Letters B 226, no. 1-2 (August 1989): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(89)90298-0.

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39

Liu, Guo-Li, and Ping Zhou. "The Contribution of Charged Bosons with Right-Handed Neutrinos to the Muon \({g-2}\) Anomaly in the Twin Higgs Models." Universe 8, no. 12 (December 11, 2022): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe8120654.

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We examine the charged boson and right-handed neutrino contribution to the muon g−2 anomaly in twin Higgs models with joint constraints of Higgs global fit data, precision electroweak data, leptonic flavor-changing decay μ→eγ, and the mass requirement of heavy-gauge bosons. It comes with the conclusion that some parameters, such as the coupling of charged Higgs to the lepton yμ, the top Yukawa yt, and heavy-gauge boson coupling to the lepton Vμ are constrained roughly in the range of 0.12≲yμ≲0.4, 0.4≲yt≲0.9, and 0.47≲Vμ≲1, respectively.

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40

FOOT, ROBERT, and ARCHIL KOBAKHIDZE. "ALTERNATIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE HIGGS BOSON." Modern Physics Letters A 26, no. 07 (March 7, 2011): 461–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732311035043.

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We discuss an alternative implementation of the Higgs boson within the Standard Model which is possible if the renormalizability condition is relaxed. Namely, at energy scale Λ the Higgs boson interacts at tree-level only with matter fermions, while the full gauge invariance is still maintained. The interactions with the electroweak gauge bosons are induced at low energies through the radiative corrections. In this scenario the Higgs boson can be arbitrarily heavy, interacting with the Standard Model fields arbitrarily weakly. No violation of unitarity in the scattering of longitudinal electroweak bosons occurs, since they become unphysical degrees of freedom at energies Λ ~ TeV.

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41

Rizzo, Thomas G. "Evidence for a new neutral gauge boson?" Physics Letters B 187, no. 1-2 (March 1987): 169–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(87)90093-1.

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42

Jeong, Yu Seon, C. S. Kim, and Hye-Sung Lee. "Constraints on the U(1)L gauge boson in a wide mass range." International Journal of Modern Physics A 31, no. 11 (April 14, 2016): 1650059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x16500597.

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There is a growing interest for the search of new light gauge bosons. The small mass of a new boson can turn various kinds of low-energy experiments to a new discovery machine, depending on their couplings to the Standard Model particles. It is important to understand the properties of each type of gauge boson and their current constraints for a given mass. While the dark photon (which couples to the electric charges) and the [Formula: see text] gauge boson have been well studied in an extensive mass range, the [Formula: see text] gauge boson has not been fully investigated yet. We consider the gauge boson of the [Formula: see text] in a wide mass range [Formula: see text] and investigate the constraints on its coupling from various experiments, discussing the similarities and differences from the dark photon and the [Formula: see text] gauge boson.

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43

Lai, Jie-Ting, and Chong-Xing Yue. "Light gauge boson Z′ and LFV decays of the electroweak gauge boson Z." Modern Physics Letters A 32, no. 06 (February 14, 2017): 1750039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732317500390.

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Recently, there is a growing interest of a light leptophilic gauge boson [Formula: see text], which might explain the [Formula: see text] puzzle. Considering the constraints on the [Formula: see text] coupling [Formula: see text], we calculate its contributions to the lepton flavor violation (LFV) decay [Formula: see text]. We find that this kind of new light gauge boson [Formula: see text] might make the LFV decay [Formula: see text] to be probed in future [Formula: see text] colliders.

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44

Crewther, R. J. "Genuine Dilatons in Gauge Theories." Universe 6, no. 7 (July 10, 2020): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe6070096.

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A genuine dilaton σ allows scales to exist even in the limit of exact conformal invariance. In gauge theories, these may occur at an infrared fixed point (IRFP) α IR through dimensional transmutation. These large scales at α IR can be separated from small scales produced by θ μ μ , the trace of the energy-momentum tensor. For quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the conformal limit can be combined with chiral S U ( 3 ) × S U ( 3 ) symmetry to produce chiral-scale perturbation theory χ PT σ , with f 0 ( 500 ) as the dilaton. The technicolor (TC) analogue of this is crawling TC: at low energies, the gauge coupling α goes directly to (but does not walk past) α IR , and the massless dilaton at α IR corresponds to a light Higgs boson at α ≲ α IR . It is suggested that the W ± and Z 0 bosons set the scale of the Higgs boson mass. Unlike crawling TC, in walking TC, θ μ μ produces all scales, large and small, so it is hard to argue that its “dilatonic” candidate for the Higgs boson is not heavy.

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45

Volchanskiy, Nikolay, Vladimir Kuksa, and Vitaly Beylin. "Models of hypercolor based on symplectic gauge group with three heavy vectorlike hyperquarks." International Journal of Modern Physics D 28, no. 13 (October 2019): 1941002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271819410025.

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We study possibilities to extend the Standard Model (SM) by three flavors of vectorlike heavy quarks in pseudoreal representation of symplectic hypercolor gauge group. This extension of SM predicts a rich spectra of heavy composite hypermesons and hyperbaryons (all of them carry integer spins) including 14 pseudo-Nambu–Goldstone states emerging in dynamical breaking of the global symmetry group of the H-quarks, [Formula: see text], to its Sp(6) subgroup. The properties of the lightest states depend strongly on the choice of heavy-quark hypercharges. Our focus is placed on the variants of the model with partially composite Higgs boson, i.e. the experimentally observed boson comprised the elementary SM Higgs and a mixture of H-hadrons.

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46

Lei, Guo, Zhang Ren-You, and Ma Wen-Gan. "Precise calculation for heavy gauge boson production in the LHT model." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 523 (June 6, 2014): 012054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/523/1/012054.

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47

Inami, Takeo, C. S. Lim, B. Takeuchi, and M. Tanabashi. "Non-decoupling effects of heavy particles in triple gauge boson vertices." Physics Letters B 381, no. 4 (July 1996): 458–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(96)00442-x.

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48

Renard, F. M., and C. Verzegnassi. "Bounds on anomalous three-gauge boson couplings from the “heavy” vertex." Physics Letters B 345, no. 4 (February 1995): 500–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(94)01581-v.

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49

LIU, YAO-BEI, and SHUAI-WEI WANG. "LEFT–RIGHT TWIN HIGGS MODEL AND THE SPIN CORRECTION OF TOP-QUARK PAIR PRODUCTION AT ILC." International Journal of Modern Physics A 24, no. 23 (September 20, 2009): 4261–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x09045972.

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The left–right twin Higgs model predicts the existence of the new neutral gauge boson ZH. In the off-diagonal basis, we explore the effects of extra neutral gauge boson ZH on the spin configuration of the top-quark pair production in the high energy linear e+e- collider (ILC). We find that the new gauge boson ZH exchange can generate significant corrections to the differential cross-sections for the the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] states. Furthermore, when the ZH mass MZH approaches the center-of-mass energy [Formula: see text], the cross-section resonance emerges. We expect that the effects of the new gauge boson ZH on the spin configurations of the top-quark pairs production might be observed in future ILC experiments.

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50

Gonzalez-Garcia, M. C., and J. W. F. Valle. "Updated constraints on a new neutral gauge boson." Nuclear Physics B 345, no. 2-3 (December 1990): 312–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(90)90389-u.

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