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1
The new corporate governance in theory and practice. Oxford University Press: New York, 2008.
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Bainbridge, Stephen M. The new corporate governance in theory and practice. Oxford University Press: New York, 2008.
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Condon, Mary. Transnational market governance and economic citizenship: New frontiers for feminist legal theory. Toronto: Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 2006.
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Archer, Ilham. Transnational solution: Is it a new theory? : an examination of normative integration and governance control in transnational corporations. Oxford: Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, 2003., 2003.
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New insights on governance: Theory and practice. Lanham, Md: University Press of America, 1995.
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Zürn, Michael. A Theory of Global Governance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198819974.001.0001.
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This book offers a major new theory of global governance, explaining both its rise and what many see as its current crisis. The author suggests that world politics is now embedded in a normative and institutional structure dominated by hierarchies and power inequalities and therefore inherently creates contestation, resistance, and distributional struggles. Within an ambitious and systematic new conceptual framework, the theory makes four key contributions. First, it reconstructs global governance as a political system which builds on normative principles and reflexive authorities. Second, it identifies the central legitimation problems of the global governance system with a constitutionalist setting in mind. Third, it explains the rise of state and societal contestation by identifying key endogenous dynamics and probing the causal mechanisms that produced them. Finally, it identifies the conditions under which struggles in the global governance system lead to decline or deepening. Rich with propositions, insights, and evidence, the book promises to be the most important and comprehensive theoretical argument about world politics of the twenty-first century.
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1955-, Valverde Mariana, and University of Toronto. Centre of Criminology., eds. New forms of governance: Theory, practice, research : conference proceedings. Toronto: Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto, 1997.
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1953-, Osborne Stephen P., ed. The new public governance: Emerging perspectives on the theory and practice of public governance. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2009.
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Bartley, Tim. A Substantive Theory of Transnational Governance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794332.003.0002.
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Social scientists have theorized the rise of transnational private authority, but knowledge about its consequences remains sparse and fragmented. This chapter builds from a critique of “empty spaces” imagery in several leading paradigms to a new theory of transnational governance. Rules and assurances are increasingly flowing through global production networks, but these flows are channeled and reconfigured by domestic governance in a variety of ways. Abstracting from the case studies in this book, a series of theoretical propositions specify the likely outcomes of private regulation, the influence of domestic governance, the special significance of territory and rights, and several ways in which the content of rules shapes their implementation. As such, this theory proposes an explanation for differences across places, fields, and issues, including the differential performance of labor and environmental standards.
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Sideri, Katerina. Law's Practical Wisdom: The Theory and Practice of Law Making in New Governance Structures. Ashgate Publishing, 2007.
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Henham, Ralph. Establishing New Foundations and Structures for Governance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198718895.003.0007.
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This chapter considers the case for recasting the moral values that inform sentencing and the policy implications of such a fundamental change of approach. It suggests that prospects for promoting social justice through sentencing continue to be constrained by existing penal values, with procedural justice, communication systems, and decision-making evaluated against this governance framework. The chapter argues for new foundational principles and explores how such a moral transition might be effected through structural reforms to domestic sentencing. Emphasis is placed on the difficulties of recasting values and structures to reflect sentencing’s changed role as a tool for engaging with social justice issues. The chapter examines specific areas of policy change within England and Wales and the problem of moving from theory to practice through the analysis of recent government reforms, highlighting how sentencing policy and practice might respond more effectively to changes in social values and moral diversity.
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Mellor, Philip A., and Chris Shilling. Social Theory. Edited by Michael Stausberg and Steven Engler. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198729570.013.17.
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The category of the sacred was central to classical sociology, and remains key to understanding the contribution of social theory to the study of religion and society. Durkheim highlights the ‘socio-religious’ sacred, operating within otherworldly cosmologies and practices. Durkheim also enables us to conceptualize a ‘bio-economic’ modality in highly differentiated capitalist economies. The ‘transcendent sacred’ central to Weber’s account of the Protestant ethic highlights how forces experienced as extraordinary and otherworldly can coexist with a social sphere differentiated as secular. Weber highlighted the power of forces of rationalization and bureaucratization in modernity. Extending this today suggests a ‘bio-political’ modality of the sacred expressive of the extraordinary power that modern law and governance have over life. These modalities of the sacred can be used to provide new insights into phenomena such as resurgent forms of Islam and Christian Pentecostalism, fetishization of commodities, and bio-political governance of bodies.
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Wiener, Antje, and Thomas Diez, eds. European Integration Theory. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780199226092.001.0001.
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European Integration Theory provides an overview of all the major approaches to European integration, from federalism and neofunctionalism to liberal intergovernmentalism, social constructivism, normative theory, and critical political economy. The three sections of the text examine the topics of ‘Explaining European Integration’, ‘Analysing European Governance’, and ‘Constructing the European Union’. Within these sections, each chapter reflects on the development, achievements and problems of a number of approaches, and discusses historical and current issues of European integration. The concluding chapter then comparatively assesses the strengths and weaknesses of each approach and looks at the emerging issues. This edition includes two new chapters on European integration theory and critical theory.
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Rhodes, R. A. W. What Is New about ‘Network Governance’ and Why Does It Matter? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786108.003.0012.
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This chapter replies to key criticisms about policy networks, the core executive, and governance. On networks, the chapter discusses the context of networks, and the ability of the theory to explain change. On the core executive, it discusses a shift away from a focus on the prime minister to court politics. On governance, the chapter returns to redefining the state, steering networks, metagovernance, and storytelling. It restates the case for the idea of the differentiated polity. This is edifying because it provides a vocabulary for a more accurate description of British government. Finally, the chapter provides a link to Volume II by summarizing the decentred approach to the differentiated polity.
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Widmaier, Wesley W. International Organizations and Economic Governance. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.237.
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Global economic governance refers to efforts to organize, structure, and regulate economic interactions. In substantive terms, economic governance deals with a host of policy challenges, including the definition of basic property rights, efforts at monetary and fiscal cooperation, ando concerns for the “macroprudential regulation” of financial markets. The Global Financial Crisis has demonstrated not only the importance of macroeconomic and regulatory cooperation, but also the role of crises in redefining the purposes of economic governance itself. Debates in the fields of international relations (IR) and international political economy (IPE) over global economic governance have revolved around strategic interactions, social psychological forces, and the post-crisis emergence of new agents and international organizations. In applied IPE settings, these debates more explicitly pertain to the systemic importance of hegemonic power, multilateral interactions, or intersubjective interpretations. These views intersect with neorealist, neoliberal, and constructivist assumptions regarding systemic interactions. Over the 1990s, IR and IPE scholars would increasingly seek to move beyond both the structural materialism associated with hegemonic stability theory and the structural idealism associated with “first-generation” Wendtian constructivism. Future research should focus on broader questions of whether the Global Financial Crisis will spark renewed theoretical creativity and contribute to an enhanced policy relevance, or whether IR and IPE will continue to work to mask the role of power in limiting such possibilities.
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Gebeye, Berihun Adugna. A Theory of African Constitutionalism. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192893925.001.0001.
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This book asks and seeks to answer why we need a theory for African constitutionalism and how this could offer us better theoretical and practical tools with which to understand, improve, and assess African constitutionalism on its own terms. By locating constitutional studies in Africa within the experiences, interactions, and contestations of power and governance beginning in precolonial times, the book presents the development and transformation of African constitutional systems across time and place, along with the attendant constitutional designs and practices ranging from the nature and operation of the African state to its vertical and horizontal government structures, to its constitutional rights regime. It offers both a theoretically and comparatively rich, historically and contextually informed, and temporally and spatially extensive account of the nature, travails, and incremental successes of African constitutionalism with detailed case studies from Nigeria, Ethiopia, and South Africa on important themes like federalism, executive power, and women’s rights. The book aims to bring a new global conversation with a richly African experience as a comparative resource in reimagining the purpose, substance, and scope of constitutions and constitutionalism.
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Brown, Chris, and Robyn Eckersley, eds. The Oxford Handbook of International Political Theory. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198746928.001.0001.
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This Handbook—one of a new series—sets out to describe the current state of the art in International Political Theory, and to advance this discourse into new areas. A key feature of the Handbook is the way in which its contributors engage with “real politics”: although the importance of developing so-called ideal theory is acknowledged in several chapters, the main emphasis of the book is on an engagement with empirical data and real-world politics. Conventional distinctions such as that between “critical theory” and “problem-solving theory” are challenged—the underlying contention is that, ultimately, all theory is problem-solving, and an emphasis on norms and normative theory cannot be understood as separate from so-called positive International Relations Theory. The contributors have approached the themes of the Handbook from different angles in relation to a wide range of different topics in ways that showcase the diversity of perspectives and traditions that make up the field of International Political Theory. The Handbook consists of fifty chapters organized into nine sections, covering History, Traditions and Perspectives, International Justice, Violence and Conflict, Humanitarianism and Human Rights, Democracy, Accountability and Global Governance, Ethics and International Public Policy, New Directions in International Political Theory, and, finally, a section which puts in question the relationship between International Political Theory and Real Politics.
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Rhodes, R. A. W. The New Governance. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786108.003.0010.
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The chapter reviews the several definitions of governance: the minimal state; corporate governance; the new public management, ‘good’ governance; a socio-cybernetic system. It then stipulates a definition of governance as self-organizing, inter-organizational networks. It argues there is a trend from government to governance in British government because of the hollowing-out pressures and the tools for intergovernmental management are integral to effective steering. Policy networks are already widespread. This trend is not widely recognized and has important implications not only for the practice of British government but also for democratic accountability. Governance as self-organizing networks is a challenge to governability because the networks can become autonomous and resist central guidance. They are set fair to become the prime example of governing without government.
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Fischer, Frank. Participatory Environmental Governance: Civil Society, Citizen Engagement, and Participatory Policy Expertise. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199594917.003.0007.
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In search of a more practical approach to environmental democracy, the theory and practice of participatory governance are presented as an alternative that can incorporate key elements of environmental deliberative democracy but at the same time speaks more specifically to ongoing political practices. The chapter first surveys the rise of governance and its emergence in environmental politics. It then examines the claims for governance, in particular a more democratic form of governance, participatory governance. Several concrete examples from Brazil (participatory budgeting), India (people’s planning), and Nepal (community forestry) are briefly sketched, including new models of participatory expertise that have emerged with them. Grounded in real-world political struggles against hierarchy and injustice, participatory governance is seen to address the sorts of conflicts that climate change will increasingly usher in.
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Ovodenko, Alexander. Industrial and Artisanal Producers and the Hybrid Governance of Mercury Pollution. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190677725.003.0005.
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The chapter studies the regulation of different industries under the same treaty, although it assesses the impacts of upstream producer-level differences on regime design. It focuses on the new mercury treaty negotiated in January 2013 and evaluates the markets theory on a micro-foundational level with 85 original survey responses from government negotiators and nongovernment participants in the final meeting of the treaty negotiations, as well as 13 in-depth interviews with negotiation participants. The findings show that negotiators of the mercury treaty recognized the need for nonbinding and country-specific mitigation goals for artisanal gold mining and legally binding targets and global timetables for industrial sectors using or producing mercury-added products. Moreover, industries with concentrated producers participating in transnational trade associations are expected to accomplish more with financial assistance than artisanal gold miners.
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Vermeulen, Erik P. M. New Metrics for Corporate Governance. Edited by Jeffrey N. Gordon and Wolf-Georg Ringe. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198743682.013.36.
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This chapter examines initial public offerings (IPOs) as funding rounds for high-tech companies and exit mechanisms for investors, as well as the stringent corporate governance requirements that apply to newly listed companies in the growth stages of their development. Current investment trends seem to indicate that the IPO market is aging: More and more high-tech companies decide to remain private longer. Moreover, public market investors, such as hedge funds and mutual funds, increasingly invest in non-listed high-tech companies, making “IPO-like” investment rounds at massive valuations a normal phenomenon in the private market. These developments have led to the belief that we are in the next tech bubble. Fortunately, however, a new “establishment” amongst investors is emerging. They realize that in order to prevent the bursting of the bubble, they must collaborate with management and actively contribute to a company’s medium-term and long-term performance.
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Krafft, Jackie, and Jacques-Laurent Ravix. Corporate Governance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805274.003.0008.
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Little attention has been devoted to the impact of corporate governance practices on firms’ innovative performance. This chapter reviews the literature to show that there is theoretical ambiguity. There is the argument that corporate governance and new forms of finance realign managers’ interests, with greater efficiency for all types of investments. However, some argue that innovative R&D has distinctive characteristics, like high risk and long-term horizon, that may modify the efficiency effect. The issue has generated many studies where the long tradition of positive relationships between governance and efficiency is now contrasted by some recent empirical evidence suggesting a negative relationship. The chapter argues that shareholder primacy or owner activism in corporate governance and new forms of finance represent a potential mismatch with innovation.
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Caney, Simon. Global Governance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190905651.003.0005.
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In recent years, a number of powerful arguments have been given for thinking that there should be suprastate institutions, and that the current ones, such as the World Trade Organization (WTO), International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank, and United Nations Security Council, need to be radically reformed and new ones created. Two distinct kinds of argument have been advanced. One is instrumental and emphasizes the need for effective suprastate political institutions to realize some important substantive ideals (such as preventing dangerous climate change, eradicating poverty, promoting fair trade, and securing peace). The second is procedural and emphasizes the importance of political institutions that include all those subject to their power in as democratic a process as possible, and builds on this to call for democratically accountable international institutions. In this chapter, the author argues that the two approaches need not conflict, and that they can in fact lend support to each other.
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Drahos, Peter. Survival Governance. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197534755.001.0001.
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The climate and energy crisis requires a strong state to change the direction, speed, scale, and financing of innovation in world capitalism in order to create a bio-digital energy paradigm. Four states are possible contenders for catalyzing this survival governance: China, the European Union, India, and the United States. China is an improbable leader, but less improbable than the other three. No US president can close down the fossil fuel industry in time. The US state, worried about the slippage of its technological superiority, is turning to regulatory mechanisms like intellectual property to slow China’s technological development. China will have to manage the risk of a United States bent on military primacy. China is urbanizing innovation on a historically unprecedented scale. Lying at the heart of the bio-digital energy paradigm is a global city-based network of innovation. China, more than the other three states, is scaling technology innovation through the building of experimental cities such as eco-cities, hydrogen cities, forest cities, and sponge cities. The Belt and Road Initiative will take this innovation well outside of China’s borders. China could help to place cities into a new relationship with their surrounding ecosystems. Drawing on more than 250 interviews, carried out in 17 countries, including the world’s four largest carbon emitters, the book shows how cities and their networks represent the best chance for growing climate survival governance for the 21st century.
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Schillemans, Thomas, and Jon Pierre, eds. Media and Governance. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447341437.001.0001.
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First published as a special issue of Policy & Politics, this updated volume explores the intersections between governance and media in western democracies, which have undergone profound recent changes. Many governmental powers have been shifted toward a host of network parties such as NGOs, state enterprises, international organizations, autonomous agencies, and local governments. Governments have developed complex networks for service delivery and they have a strategic interest in the news media as an arena where their interests can be served and threatened. How do the media relate to and report on complex systems of government? How do the various governance actors respond to the media and what are the effects on their policies? This book considers the impact of media-related factors on governance, policy, public accountability and the attribution of blame for failures.
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Haber, Matthias, and Olga Kononykhina. A Comparative Classification and Assessment of Governance Indices. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817062.003.0002.
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For decades, academic scholars and multinational organisations have been assessing how ready governments are to meet the various political and socioeconomic challenges they face. These benchmarks of good governance have led to the creation of well-known composite indices such as the Human Development Index and the Rule of Law Index. Today, there are dozens of different governance indices, but few attempts have been made to properly classify them. We still know surprisingly little about what different kinds of indicators the indices contain and how much impact they have had. This chapter introduces and classifies thirty-seven governance indices and analyses their impact on academic research, the news media, and policy-making. The results provide new insights for the comparative analysis of composite indices and offer a useful resource for index creators.
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Radu, Roxana. Negotiating Internet Governance. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833079.001.0001.
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What is at stake for how the Internet continues to evolve is the preservation of its integrity as a single network. In practice, its governance is neither centralized nor unitary; it is piecemeal and fragmented, with authoritative decision-making coming from different sources simultaneously: governments, businesses, international organizations, technical and academic experts, and civil society. Historically, the conditions for their interaction were rarely defined beyond basic technical coordination, due at first to the academic freedom granted to the researchers developing the network and, later on, to the sheer impossibility of controlling mushrooming Internet initiatives. Today, the search for global norms and rules for the Internet continues, be it for cybersecurity or artificial intelligence, amid processes fostering the supremacy of national approaches or the vitality of a pluralist environment with various stakeholders represented. This book provides an incisive analysis of the emergence and evolution of global Internet governance, unpacking the complexity of more than 300 governance arrangements, influential debates, and political negotiations over four decades. Highly accessible, this book breaks new ground through a wide empirical exploration and a new conceptual approach to governance enactment in global issue domains. A tripartite framework is employed for revealing power dynamics, relying on: (a) an extensive database of mechanisms of governance for the Internet at the global and regional level; (b) an in-depth analysis of the evolution of actors and priorities over time; and (c) a key set of dominant practices observed in the Internet governance communities. It explains continuity and change in Internet-related negotiations, opening up new directions for thinking and acting in this field.
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Mueller, Milton. Internet Governance. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.245.
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The internet is a set of software instructions (known as “protocols”) capable of transmitting data over networks. These protocols were designed to facilitate the movement of data across independently managed networks and different physical media, and not to survive a nuclear war as the popular myth suggests. The use of the internet protocols gives rise to technical, legal, regulatory, and policy problems that become the main concern of internet governance. Because the internet is a key component of the infrastructure for a growing digital economy, internet governance has turned into an increasingly high-stakes arena for political activity. The world’s convergence on the internet protocols for computer communications, coupled with the proliferation of a variety of increasingly inexpensive digital devices that can be networked, has created a new set of geopolitical issues around information and communication technologies. These problems are intertwined with a broader set of public policy issues such as freedom of expression, privacy, transnational crime, the security of states and critical infrastructure, intellectual property, trade, and economic regulation. Political scientists and International Relations scholars have been slow to attack these problems, in part due to the difficulty of recognizing governance issues when they are embedded in a highly technological context. Internet governance is closely related to, and has evolved out of, debates over digital convergence, telecommunications policy, and media regulation.
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Micinski, Nicholas R., and Thomas G. Weiss. Global Migration Governance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190923846.003.0008.
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Global migration governance has evolved dramatically over the last quarter-century through increased international forums, bilateral and regional initiatives, and global responses. This article describes why international cooperation on migration has been so difficult by examining the factors that encourage and discourage cooperation. In the face of increasing pressure, the United Nations and other international organizations have taken up the challenge to build a more reliable and institutionalized architecture that moves beyond coordination and recent crises. This article considers two recent efforts: the Global Migration Group and the 2016 New York Declaration on Migrants and Refugees. Both cases show the conflicting interests of UN member states and competition among UN agencies and international NGOs. While there is much noise and activity around global governance of migration, it is unclear that the emerging norms and institutions will bring greater coherence or have more of an impact on refugee and migration policies worldwide.
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Varol, Ozan O. A New Order. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190626013.003.0016.
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Most military officers make abysmal politicians. Military leaders are accustomed to commanding a disciplined group of soldiers who have been trained to toe the line. So they face significant adjustment problems in attempting to govern a much larger, unwieldy, and opinionated group of people with no inherent obligation to do as they say. Fed up with social disunity and chaos, the military leaders may take matters into their own hands by attempting to impose a new order from the top down. Although repression also occurs during civilian-led transitions to democracy, repression can be exacerbated at the hands of an armed military accustomed to discipline and ill-trained for governance. What’s more, there are often no legal mechanisms or institutions for holding the military leaders accountable, which can provide more room for misconduct.
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Fawcett, Paul, and Matthew Wood. Depoliticization, Meta-Governance,and Coal Seam Gas Regulationin New South Wales. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198748977.003.0010.
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The coal seam gas industry and its future in New South Wales (Australia) is an extremely contentious policy issue that encompasses multiple policy actors and a wide variety of concerns. This chapter examines the NSW Government’s attempt to meta-govern this policy domain through storytelling. It does so by creating a link between ‘discursive’ depoliticization, statecraft, and storytelling as a strategy of meta-governance. We focus on three stories in particular—energy security, economic growth, and ‘credible science’—and argue that they have had simultaneously politicizing and depoliticizing effects. We argue that this has provided different policy actors with the opportunity to engage in ‘discursive hopping’ whereby the same story has been used to both politicize and depoliticize the issue. We argue that there is a need to ‘call out’ political actors who attempt to ‘change the subject’ of political debate by ‘hopping’ between issues in a poorly justified way.
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David Joseph, Attard, Fitzmaurice Malgosia, and Ntovas Alexandros XM, eds. The IMLI Treatise On Global Ocean Governance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198823964.001.0001.
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In 1994, a long-debated compromise on the issue of seabed mining became the starting pistol for the development of modern ocean law and its complex interrelations. Now, over twenty years later, the framework set by such agreements as the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) has been expanded to cover contemporary concerns of environmental sustainability, economic development, social justice, human rights, security, marine pollution, and even the challenges of climate change. Yet the journey is not smooth. This book forms part of a three-volume series that looks to examine the more successful ocean law schemes and the less effective, and presses the need for change, as scientific and technological innovation, the surge in human population, and pressing moral concerns open new spaces for ocean law. In the second volume in the series, autonomous organisations working under the auspices of the UN are the target, from the World Intellectual Property Organization to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime: are they ensuring sustainable development, are efforts adequately administrated, and how much co-ordination is there between different legal bodies?
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Knox-Hayes, Janelle. Carbon Markets: Resource Governance and Sustainable Valuation. Edited by Gordon L. Clark, Maryann P. Feldman, Meric S. Gertler, and Dariusz Wójcik. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198755609.013.31.
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Carbon markets open several important avenues of inquiry into resource governance designed to address problems like climate change. The discipline of economic geography is well situated to add insight. This chapter examines the underlying assumptions behind market-based governance, particularly the emphasis on controlling greenhouse gases through pricing. The pricing of externalities alone does not guarantee the material changes in energy use now in the future that are required to combat climate change. A new framework for consideration of the spatial and temporal dynamics of value is proposed. A renewed focus on use value and its spatial characteristics could lend considerable insight to the understanding of industry, market creation, and resource governance. For example, entraining the temporal production of instruments of exchange to their sources of production and creating property rights to manage natural resources as service stocks rather than commodities could better generate external value.
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Wolfson, Todd, ed. Governance: Democracy All the Way Down. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038846.003.0006.
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This chapter examines indymedia's multilayered, transnational application of direct democracy, which in many ways anticipates and sets the stage for Occupy Wall Street. It focuses on the ways that democracy is understood and enacted by indymedia activists—from the development of an open media system where anyone can speak (democratizing the media), to the preference for consensus-based decision making (democratic governance), and the belief that activists must develop the structures, processes, and relationships within the movement that they aim to achieve in the world (prefigurative politics). Seen from this vantage, for indymedia activists democracy is multivalent, standing in as the end goal of a new society, a revolutionary tool to remake that society, and the everyday practice that allows for innovation and new forms of collective power.
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Anheier, Helmut K., and Theodor Baums, eds. Advances in Corporate Governance. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198866367.001.0001.
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The governance of the modern corporation is broadly understood as the mechanisms, relations, and processes for balancing the interests of stakeholders. It spells out the rules and procedures for decision-making, accountability and transparency, and distributional rights. Corporate governance thus provides the framework in which corporate objectives are set, the means of attaining them, the kind of performance monitoring required, and by whom. In the aftermath of the global financial crisis and large-scale corporate failures, the issue of corporate governance has repeatedly received the attention of policy-makers and the wider public. Extending the study of corporate governance beyond that of listed corporations sheds new light on the overall performance of corporations in market economies. These include small and medium-sized corporations, non-profit organisations and philanthropic foundations, public corporations and public–private partnerships, social enterprises and cooperatives, international organisations, and corporations in cyberspace. A decade after the massive failures in the governance of financial corporations, and with continued governance failures in other parts of the economy since then, this volume takes stock and asks: what has been the performance of corporate governance regimes, and have regulatory changes and corporate governance codes made a difference? What are the strengths and weaknesses of current corporate governance systems and codes? How do corporate forms differ in their governance performance, and what have been the experiences across countries? And, finally, what implications for understanding governance behaviour and for policy-makers and regulators come to mind?
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Frey, Ulrich. Sustainable Governance of Natural Resources. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197502211.001.0001.
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Natural resources are often overexploited. Nevertheless, there are counterexamples of sustainably using common-pool resources. This book analyses the most important factors influencing the management of natural resources. Hence, the important question—What makes some systems successful?—is answered in this book. Based on three of the world’s largest data sets on fisheries, forest management, and irrigation systems, success factors are empirically examined. The book presents a synthesis of twenty-four success factors that explain ecological success, such as participation possibilities. The analysis in this book uses a range of statistical and machine learning methods to develop highly predictive, robust, and empirically sound models that shed new light on factors that have already been investigated. From this analysis the author develops a general model which can predict the success of in natural resource management very well, depending on the identified success factors.
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Yoshifumi, Tanaka. Part V Regional Perspectives on Global Ocean Governance, 12 The Asian Perspective on Global Ocean Governance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198824152.003.0012.
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This chapter discusses issues of global ocean governance from an Asian perspective. The Asian Seas regions face four challenges relating to marine pollution, conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity, adverse impacts of climate change upon the oceans, and maritime security. Before analysing these challenges in detail, the chapter considers two paradigms of ocean governance that the international law of the sea attempts to balance: the traditional paradigm based on co-existence of States; and a new paradigm based on notions of inter-dependency between governments, human communities and the natural environment thus requiring new, more co-operative arrangements. It also examines elements of uncertainty in the Asian Seas regions and notes that there is no regional treaty concerning marine environmental protection in those regions.
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Youde, Jeremy. Global Health Governance in International Society. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813057.001.0001.
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In the 1980s, health was a marginal issue on the international political agenda, and it barely figured into donor states’ foreign aid allocation. Within a generation, health had developed a robust set of governance structures that drove significant global political action, incorporated a wide range of actors, and received increasing levels of funding. What explains this dramatic change over such a short period of time? Drawing on the English School of international relations theory, this book argues that global health has emerged as a secondary institution within international society. Rather than being a side issue, global health now occupies an important role. Addressing global health issues—financially, organizationally, and politically—is part of how actors demonstrate their willingness and ability to help realize their moral responsibility and obligation to others. In this way, it demonstrates how global health governance has emerged, grown, and persisted—even in the face of global economic challenges and inadequate responses to particular health crises. The argument also shows how English School conceptions of international society would benefit from expanding their analytical gaze to address international economic issues and incorporate non-state actors. The book begins by building a case for using the English School to understand the role of global health governance before looking at global health governance’s place in international society through case studies about the growth of development assistance for health, the international response to the Ebola outbreak, and China’s role within the global health governance framework.
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Panzironi, Francesca. Networks. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.270.
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A network may refer to “a group of interdependent actors and the relationships among them,” or to a set of nodes linked by a web of interdependencies. The concept of networks has its origins in earlier philosophical and sociological ideas such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s “general will” and Émile Durkheim’s “social facts”, which adressed social and political communities and how decisions are mediated and ideas are structured within them. Networks encompass a wide range of theoretical interpretations and critical applications across different disciplines, including governance networks, policy networks, public administration networks, social movement networks, intergovernmental networks, social networks, trade networks, computer networks, information networks, and neural networks. Governance networks have been proposed as alternative pluricentric governance models representing a new form of negotiated governance based on interdependence, negotiation and trust. Such networks differ from the competitive market regulation and state hierarchical control in three aspects: the relationship between the actors, decision-making processes, and compliance. The decision-making processes within governance networks are founded on a reflexive rationality rather than the “procedural rationality” which characterizes the competitive market regulation and the “substantial rationality” which underpins authoritative state regulation. Network theory has proved especially useful for scholars in positing the existence of loosely defined and informal webs of experts or advocates that can have a real and substantial influence on international relations discourse and policy. Two examples of the use of network theory in action are transnational advocacy networks and epistemic communities.
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Feigenblatt, Hazel. Governance Indicators and the Broken Feedback Loop. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817062.003.0010.
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This chapter presents an overview of the role of communications in governance indicators and discusses challenges to understanding whether, how, and why their intended audiences use or fail to use rankings, indices, and related data. These include long-standing challenges associated with ensuring that information meets the needs of different target audiences, engaging with traditional media, and using rankings to present indicators. As new technologies have changed information flows and dynamics, new challenges have emerged, including echo chambers and data graveyards. The chapter shows a broken feedback loop between governance indicator creators and their intended users that can be traced to the understanding of communications as an accessory activity, without integrating user research and frank self-assessments into the indicator creation cycle. More research should be conducted about the extent to which the current offer of indicators is meeting users’ needs and the extent to which underlying theories of change remain valid.
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Hertig, Gerard. Governance by Institutional Investors in a Stakeholder World. Edited by Jeffrey N. Gordon and Wolf-Georg Ringe. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198743682.013.35.
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This chapter examines the increased attention paid to stakeholder interests and its economic or, at least, societal impact, and whether giving a new or stronger voice to stakeholders is justified. It first provides an overview of recent stakeholder-oriented reforms and their impact before assessing the merits of giving stakeholders a new or reinforced voice in terms of corporate governance. It then turns to the hypothesis of having institutional investors act as stakeholder representatives as well as the extent to which their ultimate beneficiaries can contribute to institutional investor governance. It also explores whether the ultimate beneficiaries of pension funds can have the option to choose between shareholder and stakeholder-oriented investment strategies.
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Driver, Ciaran, and Grahame Thompson, eds. Corporate Governance in Contention. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805274.001.0001.
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This book addresses major modern controversies in corporate governance, clarifying the issues at stake and assessing the arguments for corporate reform. The main focus is on governance of the large organizations that employ the majority of workforces in developed economies and which account for most of the finance and refinance of the private sector. Shareholder value and shareholder primacy are now under increasing scrutiny having previously been positioned as natural precepts of governance. The book joins that debate with a critique and also with suggestions for company reform that allow for plurality within jurisdictions: the trust firm, industrial foundations, social enterprises, the ‘benefit corporation’, restricted voting rights, employee representation etc. The book addresses several sets of controversies in corporate governance. Part 1 places the corporate form within the context of legal constitution and governmental regulation. The second set of chapters considers corporate governance systems and their role in innovation and adaptation. The chapters in part 3 discuss labour relations and worker involvement in the governance of companies. Part 4 widens the focus to consider effects external to the firm—on consumer interests and the environment. What these issues point to is that the modern corporation is not only an economic institution but also a cultural and political one, reflecting the firm’s role in civil society The overall theme is that the corporate governance agenda has been on the wrong track and needs to be fundamentally reset.
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Dawson, Mark. New Governance in the EU after the Euro Crisis—Retired or Reborn? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817468.003.0005.
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This chapter explores the place of new modes of governance among the EU’s legal acts ‘after’ the onset of the sovereign debt and euro crises. While the last decade has seen a period of supposed decline in such instruments, the chapter argues that the euro crisis has returned an altered form of new governance to prominence as a way of managing complex, multilevel problems that traditional regulation cannot easily solve. The empirical drift back to new governance instruments is also examined normatively. Analysing the development of the European Semester, the chapter questions the suitability of new governance instruments to the harmonizing tasks to which they are currently being put. By abandoning the earlier focus of new governance on experimental policy learning between states, the EU may also be abandoning the most promising impact of new governance instruments on the EU’s legal architecture.
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Potts, Jason. Innovation Commons. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190937492.001.0001.
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This book explores the institutional conditions of the origin of innovation, arguing that prior to the emergence of competitive entrepreneurial firms and the onset of new industries is a little-understood but crucial phase of cooperation under uncertainty: the innovation commons. An innovation commons is a governance institution to incentivize cooperation in order to pool distributed information, knowledge, and other inputs into innovation to facilitate the entrepreneurial discovery of an economic opportunity. In other words, the true origin of innovation is not entrepreneurial action per se, but the creation of a common-pool resource from which entrepreneurs can discover opportunities. The true origin of innovation, and therefore of economic evolution, occurs one step further back, in the commons. Innovation has a cooperative institutional origin. When the economic value or worth of a new technological prospect is shrouded in uncertainty—which arises because information is distributed or is only experimental obtained—a commons can be an economically efficient governance institution. Specifically, a commons is efficient compared to the creation of alternative economic institutions that involve extensive contracting and networks, private property rights and price signals, or public goods (i.e., firms, markets, and governments). A commons will often be an efficient governance solution to the hard economic problem of opportunity discovery. This new framework for analysis of the origin of innovation draws on evolutionary theory of cooperation and institutional theory of the commons and carries important implications for our understanding of the origin of firms and industries, and for the design of innovation policy.
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Karen N, Scott. 21 Integrated Oceans Management: A New Frontier In Marine Environmental Protection. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198715481.003.0021.
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Integrated oceans management (IOM) is an attempt to respond to the deficiencies of a zonal/sectoral, fragmented approach to oceans governance and has been widely endorsed at national, regional, and global levels. This chapter explores IOM as a concept and assesses the extent to which it has been implemented at all levels of oceans governance. It identifies the key components of IOM, their relationship to one-another, and their role in supporting an integrated approach to oceans management. It assesses the applicability of IOM — both actual and potential — to areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ). The chapter concludes with observations regarding the future development of IOM and its role in driving forward a new frontier in marine environmental protection and oceans governance more generally.
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Bartley, Tim. Rules without Rights. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794332.001.0001.
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Activists have exposed startling forms of labor exploitation and environmental degradation in global industries, leading many large retailers and brands to adopt standards for fairness and sustainability. This book is about the idea that transnational corporations can push these rules through their global supply chains, and in effect, pull factories, forests, and farms out of their local contexts and up to global best practices. For many scholars and practitioners, this kind of private regulation and global standard-setting can provide an alternative to regulation by territorially bound, gridlocked, or incapacitated nation states, potentially improving environments and working conditions around the world and protecting the rights of exploited workers, impoverished farmers, and marginalized communities. But can private, voluntary rules actually create meaningful forms of regulation? Are forests and factories around the world being made into sustainable ecosystems and decent workplaces? Can global norms remake local orders? This book provides striking new answers by comparing the private regulation of land and labor in democratic and authoritarian settings. Case studies of sustainable forestry and fair labor standards in Indonesia and China show not only how transnational standards are implemented “on the ground” but also how they are constrained and reconfigured by domestic governance. Combining rich multi-method analyses, a powerful comparative approach, and a new theory of private regulation, this book reveals the contours and contradictions of transnational governance.
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Bächtiger, Andre, John S. Dryzek, Jane Mansbridge, and Mark Warren, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198747369.001.0001.
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Deliberative democracy has been the main game in contemporary political theory for two decades and has grown enormously in size and importance in political science and many other disciplines, and in political practice. The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy takes stock of deliberative democracy as a research field, as well as exploring and creating links with multiple disciplines and policy practice around the globe. It provides a concise history of deliberative ideals in political thought while also discussing their philosophical origins. It locates deliberation in a political system with different spaces, publics, and venues, including parliament and courts but also governance networks, protests, mini-publics, old and new media, and everyday talk. It documents the intersections of deliberative ideals with contemporary political theory, involving epistemology, representation, constitutionalism, justice, and multiculturalism. It explores the intersections of deliberative democracy with major research fields in the social sciences and law, including social and rational choice theory, communications, psychology, sociology, international relations, framing approaches, policy analysis, planning, democratization, and methodology. It engages with practical applications, mapping deliberation as a reform movement and as a device for conflict resolution. It documents the practice and study of deliberative democracy around the world, in Asia, Latin America, Africa, Europe, and global governance. And it provides reflections on the field by pioneering thinkers.
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Jones, David K. New Mexico. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190677237.003.0005.
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The fight over an exchange had a very different dynamic in New Mexico because there were no loud voices on the right calling for the state to reject control. Republican Governor Susanna Martinez supported retaining control, but strongly preferred a governance model that allowed insurers to serve on the board of directors and limited the degree of oversight by the board on the types of plans that could be sold on the exchange. Governor Martinez vetoed legislation in 2011 that would have set up a different model of an exchange. Institutional quirks meant the legislature did not have the opportunity to weigh in again for two years, until 2013. By this point it was too late and the state had to rely on the federal website despite passing legislation to run its own exchange.
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Chalabi, Azadeh. National Human Rights Action Planning. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198822844.001.0001.
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This book deals with human rights action planning, as a largely under-researched area, from theoretical, doctrinal, empirical, and practical perspectives in order to put forward a new account of such planning. As such, the present work provides one of the most comprehensive studies of human rights planning to date. At the theoretical level, by advancing a novel general theory of human rights planning, it offers an alternative to the traditional state-centric model of planning. This new theory contains four sub-theories: contextual, substantive, procedural, and analytical ones. At the doctrinal level, a textual analysis of core human rights conventions is conducted in order to reveal the scope and nature of the obligation to adopt a national human rights action plan and to consider how to ensure that states are in compliance with this obligation. At the empirical level, a cross-case analysis of national human rights action plans of fifty-three countries is conducted exploring the major problems of these plans in different phases and uncovering the underlying causes. At the practical level, both national and supra-national human rights governance systems are examined. At the supra-national level, a networked model of global human rights governance is suggested as a practical response strategy against the extant global governance system which hardly works as an integrated system. At the national level, after suggesting the establishment of a nation-wide network for implementing human rights, the essential parts of human rights action planning are probed in four phases putting forward some methodological techniques for each phase.
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Stanzel, Volker, ed. New Realities in Foreign Affairs. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845299501.
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Modern diplomacy is extending its activities into many spheres and is itself being exposed to unprecedented influences: the factors that are shaking up our societies are having an impact on governance as well, be it digitisation, the emotionalised sensitivities of the public or non-diplomatic international actors. Such developments need to be absorbed by diplomacy in order for it to continue to function as part of modern governance and for it to inform both governments and the societies they represent. Governments would do well to develop forms of mediation and ways of reconciling interests. The objective must be to allow states to continue to work effectively as sovereign and legitimate actors and, at the same time, to make use of the potential inherent in the changes our countries are experiencing. With contributions by Volker Stanzel, Sascha Lohmann, Andrew Cooper, Christer Jönsson, Corneliu Bjola, Emillie V. de Keulenaar, Jan Melissen, Karsten D. Voigt, Kim B. Olsen, Hanns W. Maull and R. S. Zaharna