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Wang, Qian, Mengyue Han, Yuanlan Wen, Min He, and Xiufeng He. "Comparison of the Segmentation Results of Two Carrier Tracking Loop Types and Analysis of Theoretical Influencing Factors." Remote Sensing 13, no. 11 (May 21, 2021): 2035. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13112035.
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This paper proposes an accurate quantitative segmentation method by analyzing the probability distribution of tracking variance and strict derivation based on the tracking loop theory. The segmentation points are taken as characteristics of phase lock loop (PLL) and frequency lock loop (FLL) performances, and the two factors that cause the performance difference are discriminator gain and filtering coefficient, which denote proportional and integration coefficients, respectively. The filtering coefficients lead to a difference of 2.5 dB-Hz between the FLL and PLL. Moreover, through the analysis of the normalized bandwidth and phase margin, it is found that the integration time and bandwidth need a dynamic balance to achieve the best performance. Finally, the simulation results and real data are in good agreement with the theoretical analysis results. The minimum mean error rate of the deviation between the real data and the theoretical data is only 1.8%. In the proposed method, the influence of external hardware factors on the tracking loop is removed, and the loop design factors are modeled directly. Instead of testing the denoising performance based on the ranging and angle measuring error after location calculation, the filter coefficient is proposed to evaluate the processing performance of the tracking loop objectively and directly at the theoretical level, which proposes a new performance evaluation method at the theoretical level. The results presented in this study provide theoretical support for the design of a new-type tracking loop with enhanced performances.
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Lorenzo, Rocío Alonso. "Untangling the "transnational social"." Focaal 2010, no. 56 (March 1, 2010): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2010.560104.
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This article analyzes how diversity-managing and affirmative action policies targeting Afro-descendants have been introduced into Brazilian workplaces since the late 1990s. It does so by exploring how international regulations and global normative regimes, namely the human rights and the corporate social responsibility movements, have penetrated and shaped the way Brazilian companies deal with racial discrimination. Contending interpretations by executives, managers, and activists are discussed from the perspective of “new legal pluralism,” by looking at how these different actors use the norms to induce, subvert, or even evade dominant orders in specific situations. It can be concluded that, even with no legally binding force, global normative regimes have been particularly effective in creating new “sites of opportunity” for Afro-Brazilians. Conversely, the corporate social responsibility premise of going beyond the law neither challenges the ineffectiveness of the national legal system nor disqualifies illegal discriminatory market behavior.
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Still, Clarinda. ""They have it in their stomachs but they can't vomit it up"." Focaal 2013, no. 65 (March 1, 2013): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2013.650107.
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This article examines the social effects of India's affirmative action policy (“reservations“) on the relationship between dalits and the dominant castes. Drawing on fieldwork in rural southern India, this article looks at the way people use their knowledge of reservations (however imperfect) to form opinions that shape behavior in everyday life. I argue that this policy is used to vindicate upper-caste antipathy toward dalits and has become an important part of new discriminatory attitudes. While discrimination on the basis of pollution has become muted, in its place reservations (combined with ideas about habits, morality, and cleanliness) have become the principal idiom through which the dominant openly express resentment toward dalits. In this sense, the language of reservations enables and legitimates an upsurge of anti-dalit feeling. This leads us to consider whether the positive effects of the policy can effectively counteract the caste antagonism caused by it in everyday life.
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Hoke, Tara. "Discrimination Allegation Would Fall under New Canon." Civil Engineering Magazine Archive 87, no. 8 (September 2017): 42–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/ciegag.0001223.
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Peterlin, Pierre, Joelle Gaschet, Thierry Guillaume, Alice Garnier, Marion Eveillard, Amandine Le Bourgeois, Michel Cherel, et al. "A New Cytokine-Based Stratification Is Highly Predictive of Survivals in AML Patients." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 1412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-125774.
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Introduction: Recently, a significant impact of the kinetics of Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand concentration (FLc) during induction (day[D]1 to D22) has been reported on survivals in first-line acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients (pts) (Peterlin et al, 2019). Three different FLc profiles were disclosed i) sustained increase of FLc (FLI group, good-risk), ii) increase from D1 to D15, then decrease at D22 (FLD group, intermediate-risk) and iii) stagnation of low levels (<1000 pg/mL, FLL group, high-risk). An update of this prospective monocentric study (www.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02693899) is presented here evaluating also retrospectively the impact on outcomes of 6 other cytokine level profiles during induction. Methods: Between 05/2016 and 01/2018, 62 AML pts at diagnosis (median age 59 yo [29-71], <60 yo n=33) eligible for first intensive induction were included and provided informed consent. They received standard of care first-line chemotherapy. Serum samples collected on D1, 8, 15 & 22 of induction were frozen-stored until performing ELISA for FL, TNFa, SCF, IL-1b, IL-6, IL-10, GM-CSF. Normal values were assessed in 5 healthy controls. Pts outcomes considered were relapse/leukemia-free (LFS) and overall (OS) survivals. Results: FLI, FLD and FLL profiles were observed for 26, 22 and 14 pts respectively. A total of 372 samples were assayed for the 6 other cytokines. Median concentrations at D1, D8, D15, D22 for these 6 cytokines were as follows, considering the whole cohort (and healthy donors): TNFa: 0.53, 0, 0, 0 (0); SCF: 5.91, 0, 0, 0 (3); IL-1b : 0, 0, 0, 0 (0); IL-6: 4.85, 16.28, 10.11, 7.1 (0), IL-10: 0, 0, 0, 0 (0) and GM-CSF:1.63, 1.8, 0.67, 1.34 (9.98). Median IL-6 and GM-CSF levels, compared to healthy controls, were respectively higher and lower during induction. No significant difference was observed in terms of median cytokine concentrations at any time when comparing the three FL sub-groups or FLI vs FLD pts. With a median follow-up of 28 months (range: 17-37), FLI and FLD pts show now similar 2-y LFS (62.9% vs 59%, p=0.63) and OS (69.2% vs 63.6%, p=0.70). FLL pts have a significantly higher rate of relapse (85,7% vs FLI 19,2% vs FLD 32%, p=0,0001). Comparing FLL vs FLI+FLD pts disclosed significantly different LFS (7.1% vs 61.1%, p<0.001) but not OS (36.7% vs 66.6%, p=0.11). In univariate analysis, 2y LFS and OS were not affected by the concentration (< or > median) of the 7 cytokines studied except for LFS and GM-CSFc at D8 (p=0,04) and D15 (p=0,08), for LFS and FLc at D1 (p=0.06), D8 (p=0,03), D15 (p=0,04) and D22 (p=0,03) and for OS and GM-CSF at D15 (p=0.08). A significant association between LFS was observed with ELN 2017 risk stratification (2-y LFS: favorable: 68,1% vs intermediate: 48,1% vs unfavorable: 30,7%, p=0.03) but not OS (2 y: 77% vs 55,5% vs 46,1%, p=0.09). Multivariate analysis showed that no factor was independently associated with OS while LFS remained significantly associated with the FLc profile (FLL vs others, HR: 5.79. 95%CI: 2.48-13.53, p<0.0001) and GM-CSF at D15 (HR: 0.45; 95%CI: 0.20-0.98, p=0.04) but not with ELN 2017 risk stratification (p=0.06). Cytokine levels were then assessed to try to better discriminate FLI and FLD pts. A significant higher IL-6 level at D22 was found in relapsed or deceased FLI/FLD pts (median:15,34 vs 5,42 pg/mL, p=0,04). FLI/FLD pts with low IL-6 at D22 (< median, 15.5 pg/mL, n=35 vs n=14 with high level) had significant better 2y LFS and OS (74,2% vs 38,4%, p=0,005 and 77,1% vs 38,4%, p=0,009, respectively). A new prognostic risk-stratification could thus be proposed, i.e. FLI/FLD with IL-6 <15.5 pg/mL (favorable), FLI/FLD with IL-6 >15.5 pg/mL (intermediate) and FLL (unfavorable). This new classification was considered for a second multivariate analysis, showing that it is the strongest factor associated with OS (p=0.006, ELN p=0.03, FL profile p=0.04) and LFS (p<0.0001, ELN p=0.005, GM-CSFc D15 p=0.03) (figure 1). Conclusion: This study confirms stagnation of low FLc during AML induction as a strong poor prognosis factor. Moreover, IL-6 levels at D22 further discriminate FLI/FLD pts. Thus, a new cytokine-based risk-stratification integrating FL kinetics and IL-6 levels during induction may help to better predict outcomes in first-line AML patients. These results need to be validated on a larger cohort of AML patients while anti-IL-6 therapy should be tested in combination with standard 3+7 chemotherapy. Figure 1 Disclosures Peterlin: AbbVie Inc: Consultancy; Jazz Pharma: Consultancy; Daiichi-Sankyo: Consultancy; Astellas: Consultancy. Moreau:Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria; AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria. Chevallier:Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria; Incyte: Consultancy, Honoraria; Daiichi Sankyo: Honoraria.
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Conceição, R., L. Gibilisco, M. Pimenta, and B. Tomé. "Gamma/hadron discrimination at high energies through the azimuthal fluctuations of air shower particle distributions at the ground." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2022, no. 10 (October 1, 2022): 086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2022/10/086.
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Abstract Wide field-of-view gamma-ray observatories must fight the overwhelming cosmic ray background to identify very-high-energy astrophysical gamma-ray events. This work introduces a novel gamma/hadron discriminating variable, LCm, which quantifies the azimuthal non-uniformity of the particle distributions at the ground. This non-uniformity, due to the presence of hadronic sub-showers, is higher in proton-induced showers than in gamma showers. The discrimination power of this new variable is then discussed, as a function of the air shower array fill factor, in the energy range 10TeV to 1PeV, and compared to the classical gamma/hadron discriminator based on the measurement of the number of muons at the ground. The results obtained are extremely encouraging, paving the way for the use of the proposed quantity in present and future large ground-array gamma-ray observatories.
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Murillo, Elisa M., and Cameron R. Homeyer. "Severe Hail Fall and Hailstorm Detection Using Remote Sensing Observations." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 58, no. 5 (May 2019): 947–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-18-0247.1.
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AbstractSevere hail days account for the vast majority of severe weather–induced property losses in the United States each year. In the United States, real-time detection of severe storms is largely conducted using ground-based radar observations, mostly using the operational Next Generation Weather Radar network (NEXRAD), which provides three-dimensional information on the physics and dynamics of storms at ~5-min time intervals. Recent NEXRAD upgrades to higher resolution and to dual-polarization capabilities have provided improved hydrometeor discrimination in real time. New geostationary satellite platforms have also led to significant changes in observing capabilities over the United States beginning in 2016, with spatiotemporal resolution that is comparable to that of NEXRAD. Given these recent improvements, a thorough assessment of their ability to identify hailstorms and hail occurrence and to discriminate between hail sizes is needed. This study provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of existing observational radar and satellite products from more than 10 000 storms objectively identified via radar echo-top tracking and nearly 6000 hail reports during 30 recent severe weather days (2013–present). It is found that radar observations provide the most skillful discrimination between severe and nonsevere hailstorms and identification of individual hail occurrence. Single-polarization and dual-polarization radar observations perform similarly at these tasks, with the greatest skill found from combining both single- and dual-polarization metrics. In addition, revisions to the “maximum expected size of hail” (MESH) metric are proposed and are shown to improve spatiotemporal comparisons between reported hail sizes and radar-based estimates for the cases studied.
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Bralić, Snježana, and Maja Bezić. "LA RAPPRESENTAZIONE MEDIATICA DEL MIGRANTE TRA ACCOGLIENZA E DIFFIDENZA." Folia linguistica et litteraria XI, no. 30 (2020): 301–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31902/fll.30.2020.17.
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Negli ultimi decenni del Novecento le nuove guerre, le pulizie etniche e i disastri ambientali hanno creato un alto numero di migranti e profughi, persone in fuga e in transito che si spostano alla ricerca di migliori condizioni di vita. Dato che l'Europa, e in particolar modo l'Italia, si sentono in pericolo, colpiti dalla sindrome d'invasione per i continui arrivi di immigrati, si sono formati nuovi muri, non solo materiali, ma anche muri e frontiere mentali. Il nuovo clima ha favorito la nascita di parole nuove relative ai movimenti migratori e alla percezione della figura del migrante. Con la crescita del fenomeno, si è diffusa un'epidemia di pregiudizi e stereotipi di fronte alle persone percepite come oggettivamente diverse. I termini e le espressioni, a cui si ricorre per indicare i nuovi arrivati, abbondano di etichette del migrante la cui rappresentazione mediatica risulta per lo più negativa. Da diversi studi che trattano questo argomento si percepisce che il discorso mediatico italiano, centrato sull’emergenza, contribuisce alla stereotipizzazione negativa dello straniero, legata alla criminalità e pericolosità. Secondo Maneri e Dal Lago lo straniero viene percepito come una minaccia alla società italiana ed europea e discriminato innanzitutto dal linguaggio usato per rappresentarlo, mentre la contrapposizione tra Noi e Loro viene rafforzata da generalizzazioni e dall’uso del lessico metaforico. Il corpus che si propone di studiare e analizzare si riferisce agli articoli sul tema delle migrazioni, tratti dai due giornali quotidiani italiani di diffusione nazionale. Si prendono in esame gli articoli pubblicati in due periodi diversi, corrispondenti ai differenti contesti sociopolitici della realtà italiana (settembre 2015 e aprile 2017), e in tal modo si tenta di osservare e studiare la lingua nel suo ruolo da protagonista nella costruzione dell’immagine mediatica dei migranti.
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Lopez Severiche, Alfredo. "Aceptación, adaptación y adopción: La clave para que los refugiados colombianos en Nueva Zelanda superen las barreras de la pertenencia." Pensamiento Americano 15, no. 29 (May 1, 2022): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21803/penamer.15.29.454.
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Introduction: This article examines the barriers of integration that Colombian refugees confront in New Zealand, including culture shock, lack of English, unemployment, discrimination, relationship with others and issues of identity. It argues for a three-pronged framework of acceptance, adaptation and adoption in facilitating integration. Thirteen Colombian refugees resettled from Ecuador took part in this research, who came to New Zealand between 2007 and 2014. Objective: This research seeks to explore the barriers that impact the integration of Colombian refugees in New Zealand. Also, to fill this gap in the literature by providing new knowledge on the subject already described. Methodology: The qualitative methodological approach of this study is an ethnographic collection of oral stories. Oral history interviews, a focus group and personal diaries were used as data collection methods. Results: The findings of this study show that Colombian refugees face challenges that put at risk their integration into New Zealand’s society, the main challenges faced by them are culture shock, lack of English, unemployment, discrimination, relationship with others and issues of identity. Conclusion: Despite the challenges already mentioned, the development of qualities such as acceptance, adaptation and adoption has contributed to overcoming these barriers and achieving their integration in New Zealand.
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Ciotti, Manuela. "Remaking traditional sociality, ephemeral friendships and enduring political alliances." Focaal 2011, no. 59 (March 1, 2011): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2011.590102.
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This article explores histories of social separation, impermanent encounters, and lasting political alliances between Dalit (“untouchable”) Chamar male youth and members of the upper-caste Brahman community in a village in eastern Uttar Pradesh, North India. The entry of young Chamar people into educational institutions followed by political mobilization and, for some, the transition into employment, has led them to appropriate spaces often beyond the purview of previous generations. Against the backdrop of Chamar histories as agricultural laborers, powerless political subjects, and actors of religious marginality, new forms of masculinity, sociality, and class formation have come into being. The article focuses on young Chamar men’s involvement in village politics, particularly during the 2005 local elections. It is argued that village politics—rather than inter-caste friendships, which remain short-lived as a result of caste discrimination—has engendered an arena of sociality where caste-driven interest produce more durable social links between young low-caste men and members of the upper-caste community. As India’s political history illustrates, the episode of electoral politics analyzed in this article brings together differently situated communities within the nation, highlighting how the unresolved question of caste discrimination conflates with the compulsion to political power. If young Chamar men are the new protagonists in this history, their role is the outcome of broader changes in the consciousness around political participation and the opening up of democratic possibilities for minority populations in a postcolonial setting.
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Flege, James E., and Ratree Wayland. "The role of input in native Spanish Late learners’ production and perception of English phonetic segments." Journal of Second Language Studies 2, no. 1 (April 18, 2019): 1–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jsls.00004.fle.
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Abstract This study evaluated the effect of input variation on the production and perception of English phonetic segments by native Spanish adults who had immigrated to the United States after the age of 16 years. The native Spanish (NS) participants were assigned to three groups of 20 each according to years of English input (years of U.S. residence multiplied by percent English use outside the home). Experiment 1 assessed the perceived relation between English and Spanish vowels. It yielded similar results for the NS groups designated “Low input” (M = 0.2 years of input), “Mid” (M = 1.2 years) and “High” (M = 3.0 years). Experiments 2–4 examined English vowel discrimination, vowel production and consonant discrimination. Apart from a modest improvement in vowel discrimination, these experiments showed little improvement as years of English input increased. One possible explanation for the essentially null finding of this study is that input matters little or not at all when an L2 is learned naturalistically following the closure of a critical period. Another possibility is that adequate native speaker input is crucial for L2 speech learning but the input differences evaluated here were insufficient to yield measurable improvements in performance. We conclude the article by illustrating a new technique that might be used to choose between these competing explanations.
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Ohata, Pirapon June, Hay Mar Su Lwin, Win Min Han, Giten Khwairakpam, Pisit Tangkijvanich, Gail V. Matthews, and Anchalee Avihingsanon. "Elimination of hepatitis C among HIV-positive population in Asia: old and new challenges." Future Virology 16, no. 6 (June 2021): 407–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fvl-2021-0015.
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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence is high among people living with HIV co-infected with HCV, people who inject drugs, men who have sex with men and inmates in correctional settings. The barriers to eliminate HCV among these key populations include diagnosis challenges, lack of awareness, discrimination and stigmatization. In addition, scaling up of HCV treatment has been a challenge in Asia–Pacific with the lack of national policies, targets and unavailability of appropriate direct-acting antivirals regimens. In order to achieve HCV micro elimination within these high-risk populations, novel strategies to improve the cascade of care from diagnosis to treatment with direct-acting antivirals, complemented by behavioral change interventions, harm reduction services for people who inject drugs, civil society led advocacy and policies from the government, will be necessary.
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Black, Sandra E., and Philip E. Strahan. "The Division of Spoils: Rent-Sharing and Discrimination in a Regulated Industry." American Economic Review 91, no. 4 (September 1, 2001): 814–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.91.4.814.
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Until the middle of the 1970's, regulations constrained banks' ability to enter new markets. Over the subsequent 25 years, states gradually lifted these restrictions. This paper tests whether rents fostered by regulation were shared with labor, and whether firms were discriminating by sharing these rents disproportionately with male workers. We find that average compensation and average wages for banking employees fell after states deregulated. Male wages fell by about 12 percent after deregulation, whereas women's wages fell by only 3 percent, suggesting that rents were shared mainly with men. Women's share of employment in managerial positions also increased following deregulation. (JEL G2, J3, J7, L5)
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Siracusa, Melania, Simone Bacchiocchi, Alessandra Dubbini, Debora Campacci, Tamara Tavoloni, Arianna Stramenga, Martina Ciriaci, Sonia Dall’Ara, and Arianna Piersanti. "A High Throughput Screening HPLC-FLD Method for Paralytic Shellfish Toxins (PSTs) Enabling Effective Official Control." Molecules 27, no. 15 (July 22, 2022): 4702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27154702.
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Paralytic Shellfish Toxins (PSTs) are marine biotoxins, primarily produced by dinoflagellates of the genera Gymnodinium spp., Alexandrium spp. They can accumulate in shellfish and, through the food chain, be assimilated by humans, giving rise to Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning. The maximum permitted level for PSTs in bivalves is 800 μg STX·2HCl eqv/kg (Reg. EC N° 853/2004). Until recently, the reference analytical method was the Mouse Bioassay, but Reg. EU N° 1709/2021 entered into force on 13 October 2021 and identified in the Standard EN14526:2017 or in any other internationally recognized validated method not entailing the use of live animals as official methods. Then the official control laboratories had urgently to fulfill the new requests, face out the Mouse Bioassay and implement instrumental analytical methods. The “EURLMB SOP for the analysis of PSTs by pre-column HPLC-FLD according to OMA AOAC 2005.06” also introduced a simplified semiquantitative approach to discriminate samples above and below the regulatory limit. The aim of the present paper is to present a new presence/absence test with a cut-off at 600 μg STX·2HCl eqv/kg enabling the fast discrimination of samples with very low PSTs levels from those to be submitted to the full quantitative confirmatory EN14526:2017 method. The method was implemented, avoiding the use of a large number of certified reference standards and long quantification procedures, resulting in an efficient, economical screening instrument available for official control laboratories. The protocol was fully validated, obtaining good performances in terms of repeatability (<11%) and recovery (53–106%) and accredited according to ISO/IEC 17025. The method was applied to mollusks collected from March 2021 to February 2022 along the Marche region in the frame of marine toxins official control.
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Campbell, Colin D. "A Hard Case Making Bad Law: Purvis V New South Wales and the Role of the Comparator under the Disability Discrimination Act 1992 (CTH)." Federal Law Review 35, no. 1 (March 2007): 111–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22145/flr.35.1.4.
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Tang, Hong Mei, Hong Kai Chen, Ren Jie Wu, and Lin Feng Wang. "A New Method to Estimate Routine Based on the Motion Modes of Rockfall." Applied Mechanics and Materials 249-250 (December 2012): 1001–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.249-250.1001.
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This article divides the motion route into four phases: free fall, initial collision, in-flight and subsequent collision. There could be bounce, slippage or rolling movement in the phases of initial collision and subsequent impact. Based on the theory of movement mechanics, the certain methods on the motion direction, velocity and distance of each movement mode is established and the effected discrimination standard to distinguish the motion phases and modes is put forward.
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Ortega, Kiel L. "Evaluating Multi-Radar, Multi-Sensor Products for Surface Hailfall Diagnosis." E-Journal of Severe Storms Meteorology 13, no. 1 (October 5, 2021): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.55599/ejssm.v13i1.69.
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The operational deployment of the multi-radar, multi-sensor (MRMS) system has made available new products to use for hail detection. MRMS products are provided on a spatial grid and can give information on hail size and the spatial extent and distribution of the hail fall. This information is important to a wide audience, including warning forecasters needing to focus on areas for warning verification and insurance users needing to verify a claim. Products are typically verified and evaluated using hail reports from Storm Data, which are reports collected by local National Weather Service Offices. The National Severe Storms Laboratory conducted a project to collect reports of hail, including reports of “no hail” near storms, at high spatial resolution. This project, the Severe Hazards Analysis and Verification Experiment (SHAVE), collected tens of thousands of hail reports over ten years of operations. Three-hundred eighty-nine SHAVE operations, which yielded 21 184 SHAVE reports and 2814 Storm Data reports, are investigated. Nine MRMS products were evaluated with the reflectivity at lowest altitude demonstrating the best discrimination for where hail of any size fell and the maximum expected size of hail product provided the best discrimination for severe-sized hail. SHAVE- and Storm Data-based evaluations showed marked differences in product skill scores. Discussions on the differences between the hail report databases and explorations of vertical profiles of reflectivity are included.
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Li, Ziming, Julia Kiseleva, and Maarten De Rijke. "Dialogue Generation: From Imitation Learning to Inverse Reinforcement Learning." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 6722–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33016722.
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The performance of adversarial dialogue generation models relies on the quality of the reward signal produced by the discriminator. The reward signal from a poor discriminator can be very sparse and unstable, which may lead the generator to fall into a local optimum or to produce nonsense replies. To alleviate the first problem, we first extend a recently proposed adversarial dialogue generation method to an adversarial imitation learning solution. Then, in the framework of adversarial inverse reinforcement learning, we propose a new reward model for dialogue generation that can provide a more accurate and precise reward signal for generator training. We evaluate the performance of the resulting model with automatic metrics and human evaluations in two annotation settings. Our experimental results demonstrate that our model can generate more high-quality responses and achieve higher overall performance than the state-of-the-art.
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Wang, Xian Wei, and Fu Cheng Cao. "Fall Detection by Wearable Device Using Support Vector Machine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 1003–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.1003.
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In this study, using simulated falls and activities of daily living (ADL) performed by elderly subjects, the ability to discriminate between falls and ADL was investigated with wearable tri-axial accelerometer sensors, mounted on the chest. The movement data of human body analysis was performed using one-class support vector machine (SVM) to determine the feature of motion types. Experiments to detect falls are performed in four directions: forward, backward, left, and right. The preliminary results show that this method can detect the falls effectively, reduces both false positives and false negatives, while improving fall detection accuracy, and the application can offer a new guarantee for the elderly health.
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Singh, Komal, Akshay Rajput, and Sachin Sharma. "Human Fall Detection Using Machine Learning Methods: A Survey." International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences 5, no. 1 (November 1, 2019): 161–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33889/ijmems.2020.5.1.014.
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Human fall due to an accident can cause heavy injuries which may lead to a major medical issue for elderly people. With the introduction of new advanced technologies in the healthcare sector, an alarm system can be developed to detect a human fall. This paper summarizes various human fall detection methods and techniques, through observing people’s daily routine activities. A human fall detection system can be designed using one of these technologies: wearable based device, context-aware based and vision based methods. In this paper, we discuss different machine learning models designed to detect human fall using these techniques. These models have already been designed to discriminate fall from activities of daily living (ADL) like walking, moving, sitting, standing, lying and bending. This paper is aimed at analyzing the effectiveness of these machine learning algorithms for the detection of human fall.
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Abovyan, S., V. Danielyan, A. Grasser, O. Kortner, H. Kroha, R. Richter, and S. Simeonov. "Certification of the amplifier-shaper-discriminator ASICs produced for the ATLAS MDT chambers at the HL-LHC." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 10 (October 1, 2022): C10008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/10/c10008.
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Abstract The front-end electronics of the ATLAS muon drift-tube chambers will be upgraded in the experiment’s phase-II upgrade to comply with the new trigger and read-out scheme at the HL-LHC. A new amplifier shaper discriminator chip was developed in 130 nm Global Foundries technology for this upgrade. A preproduction of 7500 chips was launched in 2019 and tested in 2020. The functionality of the chips, the test set-up and test procedure and results showing a yield of 93% are presented. The certification of the preproduction was followed by the production of 80,000 chips in fall 2020. The tests of a sample of 2949 preproduction and 1174 production chips gave a production yield > 93%.
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Ganelin-Cohen, Esther, Sizilia Golderman, Regina Yeskaraev, Ayal Rozenberg, Avi Livneh, and Batia Kaplan. "Search for new biomarkers of pediatric multiple sclerosis: application of immunoglobulin free light chain analysis." Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) 56, no. 7 (June 27, 2018): 1081–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2017-0911.
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Abstract Background: Identifying new biomarkers is needed to overcome the diagnostic difficulties of pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS). Recently, we developed a new technique including CSF analysis of free light chain (FLC) monomers and dimers, which can improve diagnosis of adult MS. The present study has been designed to evaluate the utility of our technique for MS diagnosis in children. Methods: Patients with MS (n=21) and non-MS demyelinating or inflammatory neurological disorders (n=35) participated in the study. MS diagnosis was based on clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. Western blot analysis was applied to examine FLC in the patients’ CSF and serum. FLC indices for FLC monomer and dimer levels and κ/λ ratios were estimated. The samples were also analyzed by oligoclonality test. Results: The study revealed abnormally elevated levels of κ-FLC monomers and dimers in the CSF of 10 MS patients (“κ-type MS”). Increased amounts of λ dimers were found in six MS cases (“λ-type MS”), while high levels of both κ and λ FLC (“mixed type MS”) were documented in three MS cases. MRI and clinical assessment showed a more aggressive disease form for the “mixed” and “λ-type” cases. Our method demonstrated higher sensitivity (90.5%) and specificity (91.4%) for discrimination between MS and non-MS patients, as compared to oligoclonality test (81% and 65.7%, respectively). Conclusions: The proposed method may significantly contribute to diagnosis and prognosis of pediatric MS.
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Eckard, E. Woodrow. "Anti-Irish Job Discrimination circa 1880." Social Science History 34, no. 4 (2010): 407–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200011391.
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Historians have generally presumed that Irish immigrants in the late nineteenth century suffered from ethnic job discrimination. However, empirical scholarship reports conflicting evidence. The present article presents new evidence on the issue based on data from Major League Baseball circa 1880. These data are unique in that “firms” (teams) and individual “employees” (players) can be identified along with “job assignments” (positions played) and “performance” (e.g., batting averages). Linking the players' names with U.S. census enumeration records allows relatively accurate identification of ethnicity. I test various hypotheses derived from Gary S. Becker's economic theory of discrimination. The main results are that Irish players outperformed non-Irish players both on average and at the margin, were (generally) relegated to less central positions in the field, were more often required to fill in at nonregular positions, and were less likely to be hired as managers. In addition, the proportion of Irish on ball clubs and in their host cities was positively correlated, and team win percentage had a (weak) positive correlation with the team's proportion of Irish. Overall, the results generally support anti-Irish discrimination against skilled workers in this highly visible, albeit small, “industry.”
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Merrouche, Fairouz, and Nadia Baha. "Fall Detection Depth-Based Using Tilt Angle and Shape Deformation." International Journal of Computer Vision and Image Processing 8, no. 4 (October 2018): 26–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcvip.2018100103.
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The population of elderly people is in growth. Falls risk their life, to disabilities, and to fears. Automatic fall detection systems provide them secure living; helping them to be independent at home. Computer vision offers efficient systems over many developed systems. In this article, the authors propose a new vision-based fall detection using depth camera. It combines human shape analysis, centroid detection and motion where it exploits the 3D information provided by a Kinect to compute the tilt angle to discriminate falls. Experimental tests were done with SDUFall dataset that contains 20 subjects performing five daily activities and falls, demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed system, and show that our method is promising achieving satisfactory results up to 84.66%.
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LIN, RUEI-SHIANG, and LING-HWEI CHEN. "A NEW APPROACH FOR CLASSIFICATION OF GENERIC AUDIO DATA." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 19, no. 01 (February 2005): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001405003958.
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The existing audio retrieval systems fall into one of two categories: single-domain systems that can accept data of only a single type (e.g. speech) or multiple-domain systems that offer content-based retrieval for multiple types of audio data. Since a single-domain system has limited applications, a multiple-domain system will be more useful. However, different types of audio data will have different properties, this will make a multiple-domain system harder to be developed. If we can classify audio information in advance, the above problems can be solved. In this paper, we will propose a real-time classification method to classify audio signals into several basic audio types such as pure speech, music, song, speech with music background, and speech with environmental noise background. In order to make the proposed method robust for a variety of audio sources, we use Bayesian decision function for multivariable Gaussian distribution instead of manually adjusting a threshold for each discriminator. The proposed approach can be applied to content-based audio/video retrieval. In the experiment, the efficiency and effectiveness of this method are shown by an accuracy rate of more than 96% for general audio data classification.
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Amonpantang, Phinphorn, Heather Bedle, and Jonny Wu. "Multiattribute analysis for channel element discrimination in the Taranaki Basin, offshore New Zealand." Interpretation 7, no. 2 (May 1, 2019): SC45—SC61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2018-0174.1.
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A detailed study of Pliocene channel systems within the Taranaki Basin was undertaken from the Parihaka 3D seismic volume to improve our understanding of the Plio-Pleistocene channel elements in terms of structure, channel evolution, and lithology. Seismic picking parameters were chosen based on the lateral resolution for optimal mapping of the channels. Individual and multiattribute studies were performed on single, combined, and complex channel systems with the goal of identifying channel features and discriminating between shale- and sand-rich regions of the channels. For this target and data set, the variance attribute provided key insights into channel features, such as the edge of the channel, meander scrolls, and point bars. Root-mean-square amplitude and sweetness performed equally well in lithology identification, and, combined with variance, it aided in identifying sand-rich channels, as well as small individual channels that could provide sediment pathways into the deepwater Taranaki Basin. Depending on the complexity of the channel system, different attribute analyses had varying success with each system. Therefore, it is important to combine various attributes to discriminate channel elements as fully as possible. The lithologies of individual channels and their elements can be determined using seismic attributes, although it becomes increasingly difficult to discriminate small-scale features within the channel as the complexity of the channel system increases. Chronostratigraphic studies using stratal slicing techniques provided insight into the evolution of the channel system through time, demonstrating an overall sand-rich base of the channel, with a shallower shale-rich lithology at the top of the channel fill.
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Ferri, Delia, and Silvia Favalli. "Defining Disability in the European Union Nondiscrimination Legislation: Judicial Activism and Legislative Restraints." European Public Law 22, Issue 3 (September 1, 2016): 541–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/euro2016033.
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To date European Union anti-discrimination legislation, particularly the Employment Equality Directive (Directive 2000/78/EC), does not provide any clear definition of disability as a ground of discrimination. In the last few years, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has attempted to fill this gap and discussed the concept of disability in several decisions, in the attempt to provide a definition of the ground of disability. The ratification by the European Union of the UN Convention on Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD), has led to a clear overruling in the case law: the Court shifted from the medical model to the social model of disability. The UNCRPD now represents a milestone for the CJEU, which recognized that a duty arises to define disability in line with the social model, under the principle of consistent interpretation. Against this background, this article discusses CJEU case law, and compares and contrasts the judicial activism of the Court with the cautious approach adopted by the European Commission in the proposal for a new non-discrimination directive.
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Salter, Amber, Robert J. Fox, Tuula Tyry, Gary Cutter, and Ruth Ann Marrie. "New applications for independent activities of daily living in measuring disability in multiple sclerosis." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 27, no. 1 (January 14, 2020): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458519898591.
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Background: Disability outcome measures in multiple sclerosis (MS) focus heavily on ambulation; however, limitations in performing everyday activities encompass another type of disability. Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the ability of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) scale to discriminate between different levels of disability and to predict disability progression. Methods: The North American Research Committee on Multiple Sclerosis (NARCOMS) registry fall 2006 semi-annual survey asked participants to complete the RAND-12, Performance Scales, Patient Determined Disease Steps (PDDS), and IADL questionnaires. We modeled the trajectory of disability change, using the PDDS, over 12 years. Analyses used linear and repeated measures regression methods. Results: Of respondents ( n = 9931), 9559 (96%) completed the PDDS and IADL scale. Respondents were mostly female (76%), Caucasian (92%), and 52.3 (10.5) years old with moderate disability (median PDDS 4 (early cane)). Mean (SD) IADL total score was 20.5 (3.7). Discriminant ability of the IADL scale was higher than other measures considered at higher levels of disability. Adjusted longitudinal models showed that needing greater assistance on IADLs was independently predictive of trajectories of greater disability change. Conclusion: IADL scale had a greater ability to discriminate between higher disability levels than RAND-12 domains. The IADL scale may provide a useful and clinically relevant tool to measure disability in progressive MS populations.
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López-Sáez, José Antonio, Arthur Glais, Ioannis Tsiripidis, Spyros Tsiftsis, Daniel Sánchez-Mata, and Laurent Lespez. "Phytosociological and ecological discrimination of Mediterranean cypress ('Cupressus sempervirens') communities in Crete (Greece) by means of pollen analysis." Mediterranean Botany 40, no. 2 (September 26, 2019): 145–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/mbot.59789.
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Sixty modern surface samples collected from mosses in different cypress forest communities (Cupressus sempervirens L.) on the island of Crete (Greece) were analysed for their pollen content. The samples were taken from six different cypress phytosociological associations between 23 and 1600 m asl, and fall within distinct rainfall and temperature regimes. The aims of this paper are to provide new data on the modern pollen rain from the Aegean islands, and to perform these data using multivariate statistics (hierarchical cluster analysis and canonical correspondence analysis) and pollen percentages. The discrimination of pollen assemblages corresponds to a large extent to the floristic differentiation of Cupressus sempervirens forest vegetation and indicates the existence of three new associations.
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Lech, Franciszek, and Mateja Durovic. "A Consumer Law Perspective on the Commercialization of Data." European Review of Private Law 29, Issue 5 (October 1, 2021): 701–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2021038.
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Commercialization of consumers’ personal data in the digital economy poses serious, both conceptual and practical, challenges to the traditional approach of European Union (EU) Consumer Law. This article argues that mass-spread, automated, algorithmic decision-making casts doubt on the foundational paradigm of EU consumer law: consent and autonomy. Moreover, it poses threats of discrimination and undermining of consumer privacy. It is argued that the recent legislative reaction by the EU Commission, in the form of the ‘New Deal for Consumers’, was a step in the right direction, but fell short due to its continued reliance on consent, autonomy and failure to adequately protect consumers from indirect discrimination. It is posited that a focus on creating a contracting landscape where the consumer may be properly informed in material respects is required, which in turn necessitates blending the approaches of competition, consumer protection and data protection laws.
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Bagchi, Ann D., and William Holzemer. "Adapting a clinic-based HIV stigma intervention to Newark, New Jersey." Clinical Nursing Studies 8, no. 1 (November 6, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/cns.v8n1p1.
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This study describes implementation of a clinic-based HIV stigma reduction workshop adapted from work done in Africa to an HIV clinic in Newark, New Jersey. Clinic workers and clients participated in a series of four, three-hour workshops designed to reduce HIV-related stigma. Quantitative data, including the Berger HIV Stigma Scale and the HIV Stigma and Discrimination among Health Facility Staff questionnaire, were collected pre- and post-test over a twoweek period and again at 12 months. Average scores on the Berger Scale fell between baseline and the two-week follow-up, but increased above the baseline level after one year. Average scores on the facility questionnaire were low at baseline and decreased over the study period. Results suggest a need for “booster sessions” to ensure that the intervention sustains efficacy in the long-term. Furthermore, the findings from this preliminary work suggest the need for further research and a larger scale intervention using a randomized control trial design to formally test the intervention’s effectiveness.
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Grossman, Perry. "The Case For State Attorney General Enforcement of the Voting Rights Act Against Local Governments." University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, no. 50.3 (2017): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.50.3.case.
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The summer of 2016 showed that racial discrimination in voting is alive and well, as federal courts across the country struck down state statutes that disproportionately disenfranchise minority voters, including voter ID laws, restrictions on early voting, and racially gerrymandered legislative districts. However, at the local level, discriminatory practices in the nation’s approximately 89,000 political subdivisions have gone largely uninvestigated and challenged. Recent conflicts between communities of color and law enforcement have highlighted the failure of local governments in places like Ferguson, Missouri to adequately represent the interests of minority voters. These failures of representation, which occur in progressive states like California as well as in more conservative states, are due in part to local election laws and practices that dilute minority voting strength. Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act provides a cause of action against vote dilution, but such cases are unusually complicated, expensive, and time-consuming with no promise of damages and highly uncertain recovery of attorneys’ fees to a prevailing plaintiff. As a result, few plaintiffs outside the federal Department of Justice and major civil rights groups have mustered the resources to prosecute cases under the federal Voting Rights Act. Although states could pass their own laws against vote dilution that would encourage more private plaintiffs to investigate and prosecute offending local governments, only California has passed such a law. The California Voting Rights Act (CVRA) addresses only a single discriminatory practice—the pervasive use of at-large methods of election in jurisdictions where racially polarized voting systematically defeats minority candidates. The CVRA has revealed that (1) vote dilution is widespread; (2) case-by-case litigation can have a deterrent effect under conditions that encourage private enforcement; and (3) more enforcement is needed to prevent local governments from evading scrutiny or backsliding. But, because the CVRA’s effectiveness is limited to only one class of practices in only one state, to increase the level of enforcement there is a need for new voting rights plaintiffs with the resources both to bring cases under Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act and to monitor compliance with judgments and settlements. State attorneys general can fill this need, and possess some advantages relative to both the United States Department of Justice (e.g., a narrower geographic focus and the ability to collect attorneys’ fees under the Voting Rights Act) and private plaintiffs (e.g., an imprimatur of law enforcement, in-house investigatory resources, and a “bully pulpit”). With the election of Donald Trump and the confirmation of Jeff Sessions as Attorney General, the need to find more resources to combat discrimination in voting is imperative as the Department of Justice appears poised to abandon Obama Administration’s enforcement efforts in favor of investigating groundless allegations of voter fraud. To date, no state attorney general has ever brought a Section 2 claim against a political subdivision, but this Article makes the case that state attorneys general can, and should, enforce the federal Voting Rights Act against local governments to protect minority voters.
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Behera, Vivek, Perry Evans, Carolyne J. Face, Laavanya Sankaranarayanan, and Gerd A. Blobel. "Deep Mining of Natural Genetic Variation in Erythroid Cells Reveals New Insights about In Vivo Transcription Factor Binding and Chromatin Accessibility." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 3879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.3879.3879.
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Abstract Erythroid transcription factors (TFs) control gene expression programs, lineage decisions, and disease outcomes. How transcription factors contact DNA has been studied extensively in vitro, but in vivo binding characteristics are less well understood as they are influenced in a reciprocal manner by chromatin accessibility and neighboring transcription factors. Here, we present a comparative analysis approach that takes advantage of non-coding sequence variation between functionally equivalent erythroid cell lines to conduct an in-depth analysis of erythroid TF binding profiles and chromatin features. Specifically, we analyzed ChIP-seq datasets to identify millions of genetic non-coding variants between the mouse erythroleukemia cell line (MEL), a GATA1-inducible erythroid progenitor cell line (G1E-ER4), and primary murine erythroblast cells. We found that while these cell lines are highly positively correlated in chromatin features, larger differences in TF binding intensity are correlated with higher degrees of genetic variation between cell lines. We next examined discriminatory genetic variants between the cell lines that are located in ChIP-seq peaks of the erythroid transcription factor GATA1. Hundreds of such variants fall within GATA1 motifs. Differential GATA1 binding intensities associated with the variants revealed nucleotide positions that contribute most to in vivo GATA1 chromatin occupancy and identified which alternative nucleotides are most likely to disrupt binding. Notably, this additional information about GATA1's in vivo nucleotide binding preferences improved prediction of GATA1 binding sites genome-wide. We applied similar approaches to determine the bp-resolution in vivo binding preferences of TAL1/SCL and CTCF. We additionally identified thousands of discriminatory genetic variants within GATA1 sites that fall outside canonical GATA elements but within binding sites of other known TFs. Association of these variants with differential GATA1 binding intensities revealed that the hematopoietic transcription factors TAL1/SCL and KLF1 positively regulate GATA1 chromatin occupancy. Strikingly, we identified a number of motifs not previously implicated in cooperating with GATA1 that positively impact GATA1 chromatin binding. Notably, we also defined motifs associated with negative regulation of GATA1 chromatin occupancy. Applying a similar analysis to TAL1/SCL and CTCF revealed additional motifs involved in regulating the chromatin occupancy of these TFs. Finally, we associated discriminatory genetic variation between erythroid cell lines with large changes in sub-kb-scale DNase hypersensitivity. We found that single base pair substitutions within or near a number of erythroid TF motifs, including that for the RUNX family of nuclear factors, are strongly associated with changes in chromatin accessibility. Our findings use novel methods in comparative ChIP-seq and DNase-seq analysis to reveal new insights about the genetic basis for erythroid TF chromatin occupancy and chromatin accessibility. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Anghel, Ionuţ Marian. "New Forms of Government and the Europenisation of Minority Representation: the Case of European Roma." European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 1, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v1i1.p48-55.
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The situation of roma since the fall of socialism is a paradox. On the one hand, many organizations, international governing organizations (IGOs), such as the European Union (Council of Europe, European Commission, European Parliament), the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, the World Bank and the United Nations (UNDP, UNICEF, ILO), local and international/transnational NGOs, government agencies are involved in projects for Roma to improve their situation in Europe. Roma have become the target of social inclusion programs of the European Union (EU), the Decade of Roma Inclusion - a project of the Open Society Foundation and the World Bank -, Strategies for improving the situation of Roma developed by governments in Southeastern Europe. On the other hand, Roma continue to be marginalized, discriminated against, politically underrepresented, with a higher probability of being unemployed, not having access to public services - education, health , housing - compared with the majority population. This paper seeks to understand how was it possible to understand the recent shift from the representation of the Roma as a non-European minority, which lasted since their arrival in Europe until the fall of socialist regimes, to their representation as an European minority as it is shown in documents of the European institutions and the World Bank? How did Roma appear on the EU social inclusion agenda, the Human Development agenda of UNDP or the minority rights agenda of OSCE?
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García, José L., Alicia Perdigones, Rosa M. Benavente, and Fernando R. Mazarrón. "Influence of the New Energy Context on the Spanish Agri-Food Industry." Agronomy 12, no. 4 (April 18, 2022): 977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12040977.
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The Spanish agri-food industries face a new energy context radically different from the one existing less than a year ago. A comparable situation is occurring in other European countries. The great variability and different seasonality of the agro-industries condition the adaptation measures to be implemented. This article quantifies the impact of the new energy context on real industries with quite different consumption patterns. More than 1000 scenarios have been analysed to determine the effectiveness of adaptation measures. The study results demonstrate the critical situation to which the sector is subjected. The new tariff system affects the agri-food sector in an unequal way, benefiting industries with marked seasonality. In just one year, the electricity bill has increased between 62% and 151%. The savings generated by implementing measures such as optimising contracted power to a new hourly discrimination system (up to 6%) or shifting consumption to lower-cost periods (up to 21%) do not seem sufficient. If prices do not fall drastically, immediate installation of generation systems, such as photovoltaic panels, appears essential to maintain the viability and competitiveness of the sector.
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Aryono, Aryono. "Pergulatan Aliran Kepercayaan dalam Panggung Politik Indonesia, 1950an-2010an: Romo Semono Sastrodihardjo dan Aliran Kapribaden." Jurnal Sejarah Citra Lekha 3, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jscl.v3i1.17855.
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This article discusses about the efforts of creeds religion flourished to maintain their existence since the 1950s until the late 2010’s in Indonesia. Using historical method, this article found the interesting facts about the struggle of creeds religion in political stage of Indonesia. In 1953, for example, the Ministry of Religion Affairs noted that there were 360 groups protected by the government according on the Constitutional Law 1945 Article 29. After the tragedy of 1965, migration of members to the religions took place. When Soeharto became president, these groups was allowed to flourish. However, they got discrimination and always being watched. The new hope was arose in 2006, when the government issued Law No. 23/2006 about Population Administration, although it still requires to fill the religious column in national identity card (KTP). In the end 2017, the Constitutional Court issued a fatwa related to the status of religious column in KTP of the creeds religion. This condition also encompassed to Aliran Kapribaden’s Romo Semono Sastrodiharjo in Purworejo, Central Java. This discrimination must be terminated, in the name of unity in diversity.
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Sadrijaj, Xhavit. "NATO in Balkan’s Late Twenties Tide." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 2, no. 2 (April 30, 2016): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v2i2.p135-141.
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NATO did not intervene in the Balkans to overcome Yugoslavia, or destroy it, but above all to avoid violence and to end discrimination. (Shimon Peres, the former Israeli foreign minister, winner of Nobel Prize for peace) NATO’s intervention in the Balkans is the most historic case of the alliance since its establishment. After the Cold War or the "Fall of the Iron Curtain" NATO somehow lost the sense of existing since its founding reason no longer existed. The events of the late twenties in the Balkans, strongly brought back the alliance proving the great need for its existence and defining dimensions and new concepts of security and safety for the alliance in those tangled international relations.
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Sadrijaj, Xhavit. "NATO in Balkan’s Late Twenties Tide." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 4, no. 2 (April 30, 2016): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v4i2.p135-141.
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NATO did not intervene in the Balkans to overcome Yugoslavia, or destroy it, but above all to avoid violence and to end discrimination. (Shimon Peres, the former Israeli foreign minister, winner of Nobel Prize for peace) NATO’s intervention in the Balkans is the most historic case of the alliance since its establishment. After the Cold War or the "Fall of the Iron Curtain" NATO somehow lost the sense of existing since its founding reason no longer existed. The events of the late twenties in the Balkans, strongly brought back the alliance proving the great need for its existence and defining dimensions and new concepts of security and safety for the alliance in those tangled international relations.
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Riyanto, Geger. "Rezim tanpa Rezim: Kepenataan dan Wacana Komunisme di Ranah Perbukuan Indonesia Kontemporer." Human Narratives 1, no. 1 (November 17, 2019): 14–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30998/hn.v1i1.97.
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During the course of the New Order in Indonesia, communism and Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) as its manifestation was constructed as the nemesis of the state and even the whole nation. Communism became a taboo that everyone has to avoid or condemn. With the fall of the New Order, a lot of historical discourses about communism in Indonesia were produced to contend the official historiography. Formal discrimination through several laws and regulations against ex-PKI or allegedly communists was also stripped by the new government. However, the taboo and abjection itself is not entirely died out. In post-Reformasi Indonesia, the mechanism of rejection and condemnation to the communism has been working through many social processes. One of them is the censorship towards ‘leftist publications’ and persecutions towards public forums discussing ‘leftist discourses’, usually orchestrated by non-state actors, particularly civil or mass organizations. This article, using ethnography as its method and Foucauldian analysis of governmentality as theoretical framework, aims to discuss how such censorships and persecutions occur as a symptom of the ongoing abjection towards communism in Indonesia.
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Mohd Nasir, Nurul Farhanah, and Nur Diyana Mustapha. "EXPLORING ACCULTURATIVE STRESS IN PURSUING ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE: A CASE STUDY AMONG INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS AT A PRIVATE UNIVERSITY, MALAYSIA." International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling 5, no. 34 (March 15, 2020): 10–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijepc.534002.
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A growing number of international students’ in Malaysia’s private education institution caused concern on how they adapt to the new environment at this young age. This indicates the stress of acculturation and how participants developed and engaged in a better understanding of the new culture. For this study, the sample will be obtained by utilizing the Foundation in Arts international students at one of Malaysia's private universities. Data was gathered through in-depth interviews where ten foundation international students were chosen by using random sampling. Been enlightened by the issues of culture shock or drop-out from universities due to acculturative stress problems, this study is conducted to fill in the loops so that it will figure out problems as well as providing solutions for the international students. This paper expecting themes such as language barriers, cultural barriers and perceived discrimination are among the problems that caused them to face this problem.
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Johnson, Scott, and William K. Hayes. "An Improved Approach to Measuring Sexual Dimorphism in Snakes: Morphological Variation in the Bahamian Racer (Cubophis vudii vudii)." Reptiles & Amphibians 27, no. 2 (July 16, 2020): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/randa.v27i2.14090.
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Sexual dimorphism in animals exists in many forms, including overall size difference between the sexes (sexual size dimorphism, SSD) and size and structural differences in body components (sexual body component dimorphism, SBCD). Studies of sexual dimorphism seek to determine whether dimorphic traits result from sexual selection, natural selection, or non-adaptive processes. Characterizing sexual dimorphism depends on identifying an unbiased character for overall body size, which can then be used to assess both SSD and SBCD. Most studies of snakes use snout-vent length (SVL) for this purpose, but SVL may itself be dimorphic. In this study, we examined SSD and SBCD in three island populations of the Bahamian Racer (Cubophis vudii vudii). Discriminant function analysis (DFA) showed that head width (females wider) and tail length (males longer) best discriminated between the sexes, and total length provided the least discrimination. Linear models using total length as the least-biased measure for overall size revealed an absence of SSD, but SBCD existed for head size (width 8.9% greater in females, length similar), trunk length (4.3% longer in females), and tail length (9.8% longer in males). Linear models also revealed differences among island populations for total length (New Providence < Eleuthera = Allen Cay) and head length (Allen Cay < Eleuthera < New Providence), but not head width or tail length. Extent of SBCD varied depending on choice of character to control for overall body size, with total length yielding the most female-biased values, and geometric mean, principal component 1 (PC1) of a principal components analysis, and SVL providing increasingly more male-biased values, respectively. Body condition was statistically similar for the two sexes and three seasons (spring, summer-fall, winter), but the moderate and large effect sizes, respectively, suggest that females were heavier than males, and both sexes were heaviest in spring. Females, which represented 64.9 of all snakes, suffered injuries disproportionately to males (19.7% and 3.1%, respectively), but no differences in sex ratio or frequency of injury existed among the island populations. Collectively, these findings illustrate the utility of using DFA and other approaches (geometric mean, PC1) to identify a relatively unbiased reference character for overall body size and suggest that sexual and natural selection interact to shape the morphology of these snakes.
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Nair, Ajay, Donglin Zhang, and Dogyan Hu. "(84) Application of AFLP Markers on Taxon Discrimination of Cultivated Stewartia." HortScience 40, no. 4 (July 2005): 1041D—1041. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1041d.
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The natural distribution and cultivated areas of Stewartia taxa are USDA cold hardiness zones 6 or warmer. One cold-tolerant clone, named Stewartia`UMaine' (UMaine Silk Camellia), has been growing well at the University of Maine Littlefield Ornamentals Trial Garden (USDA Zone 4). The plant also has brilliant red fall color and biennial flowering. Since cold hardiness field evaluation could not provide genetic information and no other taxa could grow in Zone 4, AFLP markers were employed to figure out its genetic relativeness with other 16 named Stewartia taxa. The three primer-pairs generated 360 useful markers with an average of 120 markers for each taxon. The genetic distance between S. sinensis and S. rostrata is only 0.031, which indicates that these two species are very similar and should not be treated as two species or cultivars, at least the plants in cultivation. The largest distance (0.533) occurs between S. pesudocamellia and S. malacodendron, two distinguished species accepted by all taxonomists. UMaine Silk Camellia is a distinguished taxon from all other 16 taxa and S. malacodendron `Delmarva' has the largest genetic distance of 0.453 to it. Although S. ×henryae`Skyrocket' has the smallest genetic distance of 0.183 to Stewartia`UMaine', UPGMA phenograms showed that they are not in a clad at all. AFLP data support that Stewartia`UMaine' is a new cultivar, which originated from a gene pool of S. pseudocamellia, S. sinensis, and S. koreana. These molecular results will also be used as guidance for future Stewartia breeding.
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Bom, Wouter J., Jochem C. G. Scheijmans, Sander Ubels, Anna A. W. van Geloven, Sarah L. Gans, Kristien M. A. J. Tytgat, Charles C. van Rossem, et al. "Optimising diagnostics to discriminate complicated from uncomplicated appendicitis: a prospective cohort study protocol." BMJ Open 12, no. 4 (April 2022): e054304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054304.
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IntroductionGrowing evidence is showing that complicated and uncomplicated appendicitis are two different entities that may be treated differently. A correct diagnosis of the type of appendicitis is therefore essential. The Scoring system of Appendicitis Severity (SAS) combines clinical, laboratory and imaging findings. The SAS rules out complicated appendicitis in 95% (negative predictive value, NPV) and detects 95% (sensitivity) of patients with complicated appendicitis in adults suspected of acute appendicitis. However, this scoring system has not yet been validated externally. In this study, we aim to provide a prospective external validation of the SAS in a new cohort of patients with clinical suspicion of appendicitis. We will optimise the score when necessary.Methods and analysisThe SAS will be validated in 795 consecutive adult patients diagnosed with acute appendicitis confirmed by imaging. Data will be collected prospectively in multiple centres. The predicted diagnosis based on the SAS score will be compared with the combined surgical and histological diagnosis. Diagnostic accuracy for ruling out complicated appendicitis will be calculated. If the SAS does not reach a sensitivity and NPV of 95% in its present form, the score will be optimised. After optimisation, a second external validation will be performed in a new group of 328 patients. Furthermore, the diagnostic accuracy of the clinical perspective of the treating physician for differentiation between uncomplicated and complicated appendicitis and the patient’s preferences for different treatment options will be assessed.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was granted by the Amsterdam UMC Medical Ethics Committee (reference W19_416 # 19.483). Because of the observational nature of this study, the study does not fall under the scope of the Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Act. Results will be presented in peer-reviewed journals. This protocol is submitted for publication before analysis of the results.
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Jwa, Sung-Hee. "Achieving the Shared Economic Growth." Pakistan Development Review 57, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 45–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v57i1pp.45-71.
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After critically reviewing the literature on the institutional approaches for the shared growth, this paper briefly presents a General Theory of Economic Development (GTED) as basis for the discussion of shared growth. The GTED argues that Economic Discrimination (ED) by Markets, Corporations and Government is a necessary condition for shared economic development while Egalitarianism by any of them is a sufficient condition for economic stagnation. ED means treating the different differently while Egalitarianism is antithesis to ED. This paper also presents a new empirical framework for analysing growth and productivity implied by the GTED, and provides the empirical results that a 1 percent increase of per capita corporate asset brings about a 0.4 percent increase in per capita income and a decrease of income GIN1 coefficient by 0.015, supporting "the corporate-led shared growth hypothesis" of the GTED. Finally, the paper discusses the dramatic experiences of the rise. and fall of Korea's economic development and the stagnated Pakistani experience over the last 60 years, implying that the growth stagnation has been due to the anti-corporate policy led by the egalitarianism. JEL Classification: B, B5, D21, D23, 01, 043, P14 Keywords: General Theory of Economic Development, Shared Growth, Economic Discrimination (ED), Egalitarianism, Corporate-led Shared Growth, ED Policy Paradigm
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Zuhaena, Fatwa, and Tri Esti Masita. "Manajemen Co-Determination Berbasis Gender Dalam Sistem Perburuhan Di Indonesia." Jurnal Riset Manajemen Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Widya Wiwaha Program Magister Manajemen 2, no. 2 (July 22, 2015): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32477/jrm.v2i2.165.
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This paper aims to determine the level of society’s satisfaction with the performance of public services in Rongkop Office District. Data is obtained by using a questionnaire. Questionnaire of Community Satisfaction Index (HPI) to the performance of services is based on the decision Men.PAN Number: KEP / 25M.PAN / 2/2004. Respondentsare 150 people. The result of research are: (1) Elements of serviceincluded in the excellent category “A” is the security environment. (2) The element of services that fall into category “B” are the terms of service, service personnel clarity, speed of service, courtesy and friendliness of the clerk, and comfortable environment. (3) The element of services that fall into the category of less good “C” are the sub-district service procedures, responsibilities of service personnel, the ability of service personnel, service personnel discipline, justice get service, the reasonableness of the cost of the service, the service cost certainty, and certainty of the service schedule. (4) Overall Community Satisfaction Index (HPI) on the performance of public serviceThis paper proposed the idea to remove gender discrimination experienced by women workers in the workplace as a result of deep-rooted cultural partiarkhi in Indonesia. This discrimination affects women workers to payrolls in different level of wages of men and women’s wages, for the same type of work. The idea is implemented by changing the system of human resource management in the gender-minded companies. This system will impose what is called the management co-determination that allows workers to express their aspirations through the mechanism of seats the labor commissioner in the commissioner seat so that workers can teralurkan aspirations. With this system, labor issues can be resolved effectively and efficiently because workers can take care of themselves through their representatives in the commissioner. Primarily women workers were often crushed by the burden of diakibatnya gender discrimination. Bottom-up policy system makes workers positioned as the subject of any measures taken for the workers themselves. Later management of co-determination and self-management will be a new system in Employment Act new.Key Word : Gender, Co-Determination, Labour
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Upor, Rose Acen, and Joseph J. Olomy. "The Role of Age and Exposure in English Vowel Perception and Production among Native Swahili Speakers." PAROLE: Journal of Linguistics and Education 11, no. 2 (October 31, 2021): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/parole.v11i2.85-97.
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Vowel perceptual studies in Foreign Language Acquisition (FLA) settings where L1 is dominant are generally scarce. The aim of this study, therefore, is to explore the role of the age and exposure factors in the perception and production of English vowels [ɑ-ɜ; æ-ɑ; i-ɪ] by the native Swahili speakers whose exposure to the English language is through formal instruction in a predominantly FLA situation. The participants (n=40) were classified into two groups: Young learners and adult learners. Using Flege’s Speech Learning Model (SLM), we administered a vowel perception test, and a vowel production exercise. The results confirm that adult learners have an edge over younger learners whereby the former exhibited greater accuracy in determining vowel contrasts and production than the latter. Although both groups shared common difficulties in discriminating the vowel sounds, adult learners had recourse to their prolonged exposure and ingeniously used previously acquired knowledge and skills in sentence structure and meaning to aid discrimination in comparison to the younger learners. Finally, the study supports the SLM contention that adults retain capacities to acquire L1 to perceive the properties of L2 speech sounds and establish new phonetic categories.
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Su, Ting-Li, Thomas Jaki, Graeme L. Hickey, Iain Buchan, and Matthew Sperrin. "A review of statistical updating methods for clinical prediction models." Statistical Methods in Medical Research 27, no. 1 (July 26, 2016): 185–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280215626466.
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A clinical prediction model is a tool for predicting healthcare outcomes, usually within a specific population and context. A common approach is to develop a new clinical prediction model for each population and context; however, this wastes potentially useful historical information. A better approach is to update or incorporate the existing clinical prediction models already developed for use in similar contexts or populations. In addition, clinical prediction models commonly become miscalibrated over time, and need replacing or updating. In this article, we review a range of approaches for re-using and updating clinical prediction models; these fall in into three main categories: simple coefficient updating, combining multiple previous clinical prediction models in a meta-model and dynamic updating of models. We evaluated the performance (discrimination and calibration) of the different strategies using data on mortality following cardiac surgery in the United Kingdom: We found that no single strategy performed sufficiently well to be used to the exclusion of the others. In conclusion, useful tools exist for updating existing clinical prediction models to a new population or context, and these should be implemented rather than developing a new clinical prediction model from scratch, using a breadth of complementary statistical methods.
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Strom, Sharon Hartman. "“Light Manufacturing”: The Feminization of American Office Work, 1900–1930." ILR Review 43, no. 1 (October 1989): 53–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979398904300106.
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This study challenges the impression left by most historical accounts of office work that the feminization of office work was total, inevitable, and somehow “natural.” The author argues that when business machines and rationalized systems of office work came together (around 1900), women were initially chosen to fill many of the new jobs partly because of the long-standing use of women in similarly routinized “light manufacturing”; and they were subsequently hired in ever-greater numbers primarily because the pervasive discrimination that denied them most career opportunities ensured that they would accept low wages. The feminization of office work was not, however, as extensive as the literature generally claims. By using the marriage bar, employers were able to create an office work force segmented by gender, with more prestigious job titles and almost all promotion opportunities reserved for men.
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Bsoul*, Emad, and Rolston St Hilaire. "Water Relations, Growth, and Carbon Isotope Discrimination of Drought-stressed Bigtooth Maples Indigenous to New Mexico, Texas, and Utah." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 771F—772. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.771f.
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Although valued for its fall foliage color, bigtooth maple (Acer grandidentatum Nutt.) is not widely used in managed landscapes. Furthermore, information on the tolerance of bigtooth maples to drought is scant. We studied water relations, plant development, and carbon isotope composition of bigtooth maples indigenous to New Mexico, Texas, and Utah. Plants were field grown in New Mexico using a pot-in-pot nursery production system. Plants were maintained as well-irrigated controls or irrigated after the weight of pots decreased by 35% due to evapotranspiration. Drought treatment lasted 71 days. Among the drought-stressed plants, plants native to Logan Canyon in Utah (designated UW2), had the greatest root: shoot dry weight ratio (3.0), while plants with the lowest root: shoot dry weight ratio (0.9) were half siblings from a tree native to the Lost Maples State Park in Texas (designated LMP5). Among the five sources we tested, LMP5 had the greatest (1242 cm2) leaf area, while UW2 plants had the smallest (216 cm2). Regardless of the treatment, plants from LMP5 had the highest shoot dry weight (25.7 g). Plants showed no differences neither among sources nor between treatments in relative water content, specific leaf weight, xylem diameter, root dry weight, plant dry weight, relative growth rate, and carbon isotope discrimination, which averaged - 26.53%. The lack of differences in these parameters might be due to selection of these sources from provenances we deemed to be the most drought tolerant. Our selection was based on the results of a previous greenhouse study of 15 bigtooth maple sources. We conclude that these sources, and in particular, plants from LMP5 in Texas, might hold promise for use in areas prone to drought.
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Choe, Jiyeon, and Yeonjin Sang. "The Rebirth of Buddhism in India and its Religious Limits: Focusing on the Neo-Buddhism Movement." Korean Institute for Buddhist Studies 57 (August 31, 2022): 43–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.34275/kibs.2022.57.043.
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Buddhism in India once disappeared from India and revived in 1956 through Ambedkar's Neo-Buddhism Movement. This movement was for the liberation of Dalit. Currently, India's Buddhist population is estimated at 8.44 million, accounting for 0.7% of India's religious population. This figure is down from 0.74% of the 1961 Indian Census after 1956, and although there have been fluctuations in rise and fall since then, it has hardly increased and rather decreased. Although the influence of caste in India has not disappeared and discrimination against Dalits or human rights issues have not improved, the achievements of the Neo-Buddhism Movement have stopped.
The purpose of this paper is to review the purpose and current status of the Neo-Buddhism Movement and to analyze the limitations of the New Buddhism from a religious perspective. To this end, first of all, the purpose and characteristics of the new Buddhism are examined. Ambedkar chose Buddhism instead of Hinduism and led the Neo-Buddhism Movement for Dalit, focusing on rationality and social equality.
In addition, as a result of analyzing the current status of Neo-Buddhism Movement and articles related to conversion, it is found that the new Buddhism in India plays a limited role as a religion for Dalits. There is a lack of efforts by the Indian government and the state to recognize Buddhism as an institutional religion, and Hindutva hegemony inhibit the conversion of Dalits to nebulism. In this situation, for Dalit, the meaning of Buddhist conversion is only an alternative religion of Hinduism and does not work as a religion itself.
Such religious limitations are analyzed in two ways: the doctrinal level and the religious level. On the doctrinal level, the Neo-Buddhism is based on Ambedkar's understanding of Buddhism. The aspect of pain and the problem of liberation were excluded while practicing discipline, wisdom, and mercy for the purpose of equality and emphasizing morality. At the religious level, Neo-Buddhism is not much different from Hinduism in terms of custom and worship. This limitation of Neo-Buddhism prevented the Buddhism from acting as a personal religion.