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Brunet-Jailly, Emmanuel. "Metropolitan cooperation, theory and practice: Looking at Vancouver, BC, Canada." Regions and Cohesion 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 78–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/reco.2011.010106.
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In North America, why and how municipalities in large metropolitan areas cooperate is a pressing question. Both in Canada and the United States, the literature has been greatly influenced by the public choice views that rational actors have very limited rational or economic incentives to cooperate unless the state steps in to rule cooperation. But beyond the ideological debate, these views are about issues of regional cooperation public choice (polycentrism); (3) metropolitan governance (new regionalism); and (4) rescaling and re-territorialization, which are tightly linked to value systems where: a) metropolitan government centers on monocentric efficiency; b) public choice on polycentric efficiency; c) metropolitan governance on equity and competitiveness; and d) rescaling and re-territorialization centers on global competitiveness. These discussions set the stage for this paper's main argument: in North America, the Greater Vancouver Regional District is an exemplary commitment to metropolitan cooperation.Spanish En Norteamérica esta emergiendo una pregunta urgente: ¿por qué y cómo cooperan los municipios de las grandes áreas metropolitanas? En Canadá y Estados Unidos, la literatura ha sido fuertemente influenciada por la teoría del public choice, según la cuál los actores racionales tienen muy escasos incentivos racionales o económicos para cooperar, a menos que el estado intervenga y ordene la cooperación. Obviamente, más allá del debate ideológico, estas visiones abordan asuntos de cooperación regional desde varias perspectivas normativas: (1) el gobierno metropolitano (antiguo regionalismo); (2) public choice (policentrismo); (3) gobierno metropolitano (nuevo regionalismo); y (4) reorganización escalar y re-territorialización, transformaciones que se conectan estrechamente al sistema de valores donde: a) el gobierno metropolitano se centra en la eficiencia monocéntrica, b) la public choice sobre la eficiencia policéntrica, c) la gobernanza metropolitana en la equidad y la competitividad, y d) la reorganizacion escalar y reterritorialización se enfoca sobre competitividad global. Estas discusiones preparan el escenario para el principal argumento de este artículo: en Norteamérica, el Gran Distrito Regional de Vancouver es probablemente un compromiso ejemplar de cooperación metropolitana.French En Amérique du Nord une question pressante se pose, à savoir pourquoi et comment les municipalités des grandes métropoles coopèrent. Tant au Canada qu'aux États-Unis la li érature a été fortement influencée par la théorie du choix public, selon laquelle les acteurs rationnels ne trouvent que très peu d'incitations rationnelles ou économiques qui les incitent à coopérer, à moins que l'État n'intervienne pour ordonner la coopération. Il est toutefois évident que, derrière le débat idéologique, ces débats abordent les questions de coopération régionale à partir de différentes perspectives normatives, (1) le gouvernement métropolitain (ancien régionalisme), (2) le choix public (polycentrisme), (3) la gouvernance métropolitaine (nouveau régionalisme), et (4) la réorganisation scalaire et la reterritorialisation, des transformations qu'elles relient étroitement à des systèmes de valeurs, où : a) le gouvernement métropolitain se centre sur l'efficacité monocentriste, b) le choix public sur l'efficacité polycentriste, c) la gouvernance métropolitaine sur l'équité et la compétitivité, et d) la réorganisation scalaire et la reterritorialisation se focalisent sur la compétitivité globale. Ces discussions forment la toile de fond du principal sujet de cet article : en Amérique du Nord, le Greater Vancouver Regional District constitue probablement un compromis exemplaire en matière de coopération métropolitaine.
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Marsalek, Jiri, and Hans Schreier. "Innovation in Stormwater Management in Canada: The Way Forward." Water Quality Research Journal 44, no. 1 (February 1, 2009): v—x. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2009.001.
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Abstract Rapid urban expansion, increased traffic, ageing infrastructure, greater climatic variability, and the need for enhanced sustainability of urban water resources pose significant challenges to conventional stormwater management. Innovative approaches are needed in order to mitigate the risk of flooding, pollution, and aquatic ecosystem degradation, and enhance beneficial uses of urban waters. To examine such approaches, a series of three regional conferences on innovative stormwater management were held in Vancouver, Calgary, and Toronto during 2007 to 2008 under the sponsorship of the Canadian Water Network (CWN) and the Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC). Authors of selected conference papers providing information on innovative approaches to mitigating the risk of flooding and reducing pollution impacts at the property, neighbourhood, and watershed scales were then invited to submit journal papers, and those accepted in the review process were included in this Special Issue of the Water Quality Research Journal of Canada. An overview of the selected papers indicates that no single innovative measure is adequate under all circumstances,and a multibarrier approach is deemed to be most effective. Examples of innovations at the property level include harvesting roof runoff and reusing water, managing rainwater by infiltration in swales and into soils in bioretention areas, minimizing impervious surfaces, and using pervious pavement. At the neighbourhood level, runoff impacts are mitigated by designing roads without curbs, gutters, and drain pipes, and diverting runoff into infiltration channels, swales, and wetlands. Creating roads and parking lots with pervious pavement and draining runoff from such surfaces into infiltration basins is also discussed. Among stormwater quality source controls, potential effects of street sweeping on runoff quality enhancement were assessed. New innovations at the watershed scale include: (a) the creation of wide riparian buffer zones that can detain water, remove sediments, and mitigate nutrient export and other pollutant effects, (b) the minimization of channelization of streams and rivers, and (c) the designation of floodwater storage areas. A new water balance model that is linked to a global information system (GIS) and works at all the three scales offers the best option to conceptualize stormwater problems, and their mitigation, in urban watersheds. Finally, the aim of this Special Issue is to promote examples of successful innovative approaches to improving stormwater management in Canadian cities, hoping that other practitioners will build on this experience and bring stormwater management practice to the next higher level.
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Ormandy, Elisabeth H., Daniel M. Weary, Katarina Cvek, Mark Fisher, Kathrin Herrmann, Pru Hobson-West, Michael McDonald, et al. "Animal Research, Accountability, Openness and Public Engagement: Report from an International Expert Forum." Animals 9, no. 9 (August 29, 2019): 622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9090622.
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In November 2013, a group of international experts in animal research policy (n = 11) gathered in Vancouver, Canada, to discuss openness and accountability in animal research. The primary objective was to bring together participants from various jurisdictions (United States, Sweden, Australia, New Zealand, Germany, Canada and the United Kingdom) to share practices regarding the governance of animals used in research, testing and education, with emphasis on the governance process followed, the methods of community engagement, and the balance of openness versus confidentiality. During the forum, participants came to a broad consensus on the need for: (a) evidence-based metrics to allow a “virtuous feedback” system for evaluation and quality assurance of animal research, (b) the need for increased public access to information, together with opportunities for stakeholder dialogue about animal research, (c) a greater diversity of views to be represented on decision-making committees to allow for greater balance and (d) a standardized and robust ethical decision-making process that incorporates some sort of societal input. These recommendations encourage aspirations beyond merely imparting information and towards a genuine dialogue that represents a shared agenda surrounding laboratory animal use.
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Ponzo, Marisa Grace, Monica Miliszewski, Mark G. Kirchhof, Paul A. Keown, and Jan P. Dutz. "HLA-B*58:01 Genotyping to Prevent Cases of DRESS and SJS/TEN in East Asians Treated with Allopurinol—A Canadian Missed Opportunity." Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 23, no. 6 (August 5, 2019): 595–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1203475419867599.
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Background and objective East Asians exposed to the urate-lowering drug allopurinol have a predilection for severe cutaneous drug reactions such as drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome or drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) and Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN). Screening is recommended in patients of East Asian descent for the presence of HLA-B*58:01 prior to allopurinol initiation to avoid these complications. Utilization rates of the HLA-B*58:01 predictive screening test within the Greater Vancouver area, which has a population composed of 40.1% people of East Asian descent, are unknown. Measures We identified cases of DRESS or SJS/TEN due to allopurinol using the Vancouver General Hospital dermatology consult service database. We next compared the frequency in which the HLA-B*58:01 screening test was ordered since 2012 to the estimated frequency of new prescriptions for allopurinol prescribed for the management of gout among the East Asians. Results We report 5 cases of East Asian patients exposed to allopurinol for management of gout between 2012 and 2016, who developed DRESS (4 patients) or SJS/TEN (1 patient). All were of HLA-B*58:01 genotype, representing preventable cases. The HLA-B*58:01 test was ordered 6 times in 2012, whereas the estimated number of new cases of allopurinol-prescribed gout among patients of East Asian descent during that time period was 13. For 2012, testing was ordered for only 46% of at-risk patients. Conclusion We continue to observe cases of severe cutaneous drug reactions among high-risk individuals due to allopurinol exposure. The HLA-B*58:01 screening test for allopurinol hypersensitivity is underutilized in our geographic area.
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DiBacco, Claudio, Donald B. Humphrey, Leslie E. Nasmith, and Colin D. Levings. "Ballast water transport of non-indigenous zooplankton to Canadian ports." ICES Journal of Marine Science 69, no. 3 (September 2, 2011): 483–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsr133.
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Abstract DiBacco, C., Humphrey, D. B., Nasmith, L. E., and Levings, C. D. 2012. Ballast water transport of non-indigenous zooplankton to Canadian ports. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 483–491. Ballast water is one of the primary transport vectors for the transfer and introduction of non-indigenous zooplankton (NIZ). Regulations require vessels from overseas to conduct mid-ocean exchange before discharging ballast in Canadian ports. Intracoastal vessels from nearby ports may be exempt from exchange, whereas intracoastal vessels from more distant ports are required to exchange. Zooplankton in the ballast water of transoceanic exchanged (TOE), intracoastal exchanged (ICE), and intracoastal unexchanged (ICU) vessels arriving at Canada's west (WC) and east (EC) coasts were examined. NIZ density, propagule pressure, taxon richness, and community composition were compared among the three shipping classes. The WC ports received greater densities of NIZ and had greater NIZ propagule pressure than EC ports. Within WC vessels, NIZ propagule pressure and density were significantly greater in ICU vessels. TOE vessels on the EC had the greatest NIZ propagule pressure and density. ICU vessels entering Vancouver ports represented the greatest invasion risk to Canadian waters. These vessels likely mediate secondary invasions by facilitating the transport of unexchanged ballast directly from ports previously invaded, whereas short ICU voyage duration enhances organism survivorship and vessels transport NIZ over natural dispersal barriers.
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Mendlowitz, Andrew, Jordan J. Feld, and Mia J. Biondi. "Hepatitis B and C in Pregnancy and Children: A Canadian Perspective." Viruses 15, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15010091.
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In 2016, the World Health Organization released a plan to eliminate viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030. For Canada to achieve the recommended decreases in HBV- and HCV-related new diagnoses and deaths, an increase in services is urgently required. Identifying those at risk of, or who have acquired HBV and HCV, remains a challenge, especially with the emergence of new priority populations such as pregnant persons and children. Importantly, prenatal, and pediatric care are times when individuals are often already engaged with the healthcare system, leading to the potential for opportunistic or co-localized care and interventions. At present, Canada may not be maximizing all available virologic tools that could lead to increases in prevention, identification, improved management, or even cure. Here, we describe the continuum of care that includes preconception, prenatal, postpartum, and pediatric stages; and identify current global and Canadian recommendations, findings, and opportunities for improvement.
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Gustafson, Paul, and Andrew MacNeily. "Pediatric procedures in urology residency training: An analysis of the experience of Canadian urology residents." Canadian Urological Association Journal 8, no. 9-10 (October 13, 2014): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.2004.
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Introduction: We sought to determine if the exposure to pediatric urologic procedures by graduates of Canadian urological programs is congruent with the objectives of training (OTR) put forward by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (RCPSC).Methods: The Canadian T-Res (Resiliance Software Inc., Vancouver, BC) database for pediatric surgical procedures logged from 2003 to 2009 was interrogated. The number of cases logged for each of the A, B and C lists of procedures (least complex to most complex) as outlined in the RCPSC OTR in Urology were recorded for the 6 participating programs across the country.Results: A total of 48 residents submitted data to T-Res from the 6 participating programs. Of the A-list procedures, Canadian urology residents (PGY 1-5) from the 6 participating programs participated in an annual average of 53 hypospadias repairs, 30 orchidopexies for inguinal testes, 26 circumcisions, 7 hernia/hydrocele repairs, 7 pyeloplasties, 7 ureteral reimplants, 6 endoscopic injections for vesicoureteral reflux, 3 meatoplasties/meatotomies, 1 transurethral incision of ureterocele, 2 endoscopic procedures for stone management, and 1 transurethral incision of ureterocele, during the years in question. Of the B-list procedures, residents participated in an annual average of 1 transurethral resection of a posterior urethral valve, 3 continent diversions, 2 augmentation cystoplasties and 1 vesicostomy. Of the data available for the C-list procedures, residents participated in an annual average of less than 1 exstrophy repair and less than 1 pediatric renal transplant.Conclusions: The RCPSC objectives set out by the specialty committee are a useful framework for guiding graduating residents on which procedures they might reasonably perform once they enter practice. Ongoing revisions to these objectives, which reflect changing trends in the management of core pediatric urology procedures, are supported by our study based on the number of cases in which residents participate. Improvements in the assessment of trainee surgical experience and competence, as it relates to the objectives of training in pediatric urology, are required as we migrate towards a competency-based model of postgraduate medical education.
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Kröbel, R., W. Smith, B. Grant, R. Desjardins, C. Campbell, N. Tremblay, C. Li, R. Zentner, and B. McConkey. "Development and evaluation of a new Canadian spring wheat sub-model for DNDC." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 91, no. 4 (July 2011): 503–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss2010-059.
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Kröbel, R., Smith, W. N., Grant, B. B., Desjardins, R. L., Campbell, C. A., Tremblay, N., Li, C. S., Zentner, R. P. and McConkey, B. G. 2011. Development and evaluation of a new Canadian spring wheat sub-model for DNDC. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 503–520. In this paper, the ability of the DNDC model (version 93) to predict biomass production, grain yield and plant nitrogen content was assessed using data from experiments at Swift Current, Saskatchewan, and St-Blaise, Quebec, Canada. While predicting wheat grain yields reasonably well, the model overestimated the growth of above-ground plant biomass and nitrogen uptake during the first half of the growing season. A new spring wheat sub-model (DNDC-CSW) was introduced with a modified plant biomass growth curve, dynamic plant C/N ratios and modified plant biomass fractioning curves. DNDC-CSW performed considerably better in simulating plant biomass [modeling efficiency (EF): 0.75, average relative error (ARE): 6.0%] and plant nitrogen content (EF: 0.61, ARE: −2.7%) at Swift Current and St-Blaise (EF of 0.75 and ARE of 2.3%), compared with DNDC 93 (biomass SC: EF 0.49, ARE 17.1%, SB: EF 0.02 ARE 33.4%). In comparison with DNDC 93, DNDC-CSW better captured inter-annual variations in crop growth for a range of wheat rotations, increasing the EF from 0.32 to 0.52 for grain and from 0.35 to 0.39 for straw yields. DNDC-CSW also performed considerably better than DNDC 93 in estimating soil carbon changes at Swift Current. Hence, DNDC-CSW has the potential to improve the performance of DNDC 93 in simulating wheat biomass, plant nitrogen, yield and soil carbon at various Canadian sites.
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Sherman, Morris, Vincent Bain, Jean-Pierre Villeneuve, Robert P. Myers, Curtis Cooper, Steven Martin, and Catherine Lowe. "The Management of Chronic Viral Hepatitis: A Canadian Consensus Conference 2004." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 18, no. 12 (2004): 715–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2004/201031.
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Several government and nongovernment organizations held a consensus conference on the management of acute and chronic viral hepatitis to update previous management recommendations. The conference became necessary because of the introduction of new forms of therapy for both hepatitis B and hepatitis C. The conference issued recommendations on the investigation and management of chronic hepatitis B, including the use of lamivudine, adefovir and interferon. The treatment of hepatitis B in several special situations was also discussed. There were also recommendations on the investigation and treatment of chronic hepatitis C and hepatitis C-HIV coinfection. In addition, the document makes some recommendations about the provision of services by provincial governments to facilitate the delivery of care to patients with hepatitis virus infection. The present document is meant to be used by practitioners and other health care providers, including public health staff and others not directly involved in patient care.
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Sherman, Morris, Vincent Bain, Jean-Pierre Villeneuve, Robert P. Myers, Curtis Cooper, Steven Martin, and Catherine Lowe. "The Management of Chronic Viral Hepatitis: A Canadian Consensus Conference 2004." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 15, no. 6 (2004): 313–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2004/326964.
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Several government and nongovernment organizations held a consensus conference on the management of acute and chronic viral hepatitis to update previous management recommendations. The conference became necessary because of the introduction of new forms of therapy for both hepatitis B and hepatitis C. The conference issued recommendations on the investigation and management of chronic hepatitis B, including the use of lamivudine, adefovir and interferon. The treatment of hepatitis B in several special situations was also discussed. There were also recommendations on the investigation and treatment of chronic hepatitis C and hepatitis C-HIV coinfection. In addition, the document makes some recommendations about the provision of services by provincial governments to facilitate the delivery of care to patients with hepatitis virus infection. The present document is meant to be used by practitioners and other health care providers, including public health staff and others not directly involved in patient care.
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Courchene, Robert. "Teaching Canadian Culture: Teacher Preparation." TESL Canada Journal 13, no. 2 (June 26, 1996): 01. http://dx.doi.org/10.18806/tesl.v13i2.666.
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With the transformation of cultural content from an add-on to an integral part of the K-Adult ESL classroom, L2 specialists must come to grips with three separate but related issues in the Canadian context: What is Canadian culture? How do we prepare teachers to teach Canadian culture? How do we teach about culture in the classroom? After presenting a new vision of Canadian culture that is to serve as a framework for deciding what to teach in the L2 classroom, I discuss three important pedagogical issues: (a) consciousness raising-making both teachers and students more aware of the origins and role of culture; (b) teacher preparation- how adequately to prepare teachers to teach Canadian culture in a multicultural classroom; and (c) tolerance and conflicting visions-how to strike a balance between the dominant cultural paradigm and the new cultural knowledge and experience that arrives with each new Canadian.
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Grieves, Forest L. "The Canadian Yearbook of International Law. Volume XXII, 1984. Edited by C. B. Bourne. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1985. Pp. 471. Index. $36.50." American Journal of International Law 80, no. 4 (October 1986): 1046–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2202119.
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Grieves, Forest L. "The Canadian Yearbook of International Law. Volume XXIII, 1985. Edited by C. B. Bourne. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1986. Pp. 498. Index. $38.50." American Journal of International Law 82, no. 1 (January 1988): 225–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2202909.
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Milojevic, Michael. "Robert Mackay Fripp in the 1890s: Peripatetic Pacific Rim Architect." Architectural History Aotearoa 4 (October 31, 2007): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/aha.v4i0.6746.
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When the 30-year old English-born, Auckland-trained Robert Mackay Fripp (1858-1917) and his New Zealand bride left the port of Auckland in the late summer of 1888, they were headed for the bustling construction environment of post-fire Vancouver. Leaving his practice with C Paul, and his architectural design tutorship at the Auckland Society of the Arts, Fripp's was an astute career move. In the not quite eight years Fripp was based in Vancouver, he built and published almost 50 projects in British Columbia before he escaped the fast-approaching Vancouver recession and returned to Auckland in 1896. Attempting to put himself forward for more prestigious commissions in the Lower Mainland and Vancouver Island (which regularly went to Samuel Maclure), Fripp developed a national profile as an Arts and Crafts aesthete and designer with considerable international experience by publishing his drawings and reporting on the "West Coast scene" in the Toronto-based Canadian Architect and Builder (CAB). Among the local-interest articles there, which he consistently turned into a crabby proselytising for the Arts and Crafts, Fripp also placed both appreciative and critical articles and notes on Māori architecture and domestic design, and timber and construction in Auckland, and, even more surprisingly, he continued to do so throughout the 1890s, that is, long after he returned to New Zealand and set-up in partnership with GS Goldsboro' in Auckland. Meanwhile in the 33 months Fripp was back in Auckland from 1896 he realised a number of substantive and significant Auckland houses in Parnell, Grafton and Mount Eden. In these works I will show that he can be seen to have brought current "progressive" ideas from the West Coast about strongly-shaped shingled and half-timbered houses simply detailed with heavy timber to stand within the strong ocean coastal conditions. Fripp left for Victoria in 1899 and after some disappointing (losing the competition for Government House to Francis Rattenbury) months, during which he posted a scathing report in CAB about house design in Auckland, he moved to Los Angeles renting office space immediately adjacent to the Greene brothers executing and publishing a series of large (as yet undiscovered) houses in and around Santa Monica and Pasadena throughout 1900-5.
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Enkin, Randolph J., Judith Baker, and Peter S. Mustard. "Paleomagnetism of the Upper Cretaceous Nanaimo Group, southwestern Canadian Cordillera." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 38, no. 10 (October 1, 2001): 1403–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e01-031.
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The Baja B.C. model has the Insular Superterrane and related entities of the Canadian Cordillera subject to >3000 km of northward displacement with respect to cratonic North America from ~90 to ~50 Ma. The Upper Cretaceous Nanaimo Group (on and about Vancouver Island, British Columbia) is a prime target to test the model paleomagnetically because of its locality and age. We have widely sampled the basin (67 sites from seven islands spread over 150 km, Santonian to Maastrichtian age). Most samples have low unblocking temperatures (<450°C) and coercivities (~10 mT) and strong present-field contamination, forcing us to reject three quarters of the collection. Beds are insufficiently tilted to provide a conclusive fold test, and we see evidence of relative vertical axis rotations. However, inclination-only analysis indicates pretilting remanence is preserved for many samples. Both polarities are observed, and reversals correlate well to paleontological data, proving that primary remanence is observed. The mean inclination, 55 ± 3°, is 13 ± 4° steeper than previously published results. Our new paleolatitude, 35.7 ± 2.6° is identical to that determined from the slightly older Silverquick and Powell Creek formations at Mount Tatlow, yet the inferred displacement is smaller (2300 ± 400 km versus 3000 ± 500 km) because North America was drifting southward starting around 90 Ma. The interpreted paleolatitude conflicts with sedimentologic and paleontologic evidence that the Nanaimo Basin was deposited near its present northern position.
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Pappas, Panayiotis A., Angela Ralli, and Simeon Tsolakidis. "Greek-Canadian Koiné: The Emergence of a Koiné among Greek-Canadian Immigrants." Languages 7, no. 2 (May 3, 2022): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages7020110.
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The present paper is a contribution to the study of a new Modern Greek variety that is spoken in Canada by first-generation immigrants who arrived in this country between 1945 and 1975. This variety displays features originating from: (a) A Common Modern Greek spoken in Greece around the middle of the 20th century, (b) mutually intelligible characteristics of the immigrants’ native dialectal varieties, mainly from the Peloponnese, (c) contact with English, (d) Standard Modern Greek. We present, discuss, and analyze data collected within the framework of the project “ImmiGrec: Stories of Greek immigration in Canada.” We focus on linguistic elements that could be considered indicative features of a Greek-Canadian Koiné, more particularly by investigating the borrowing and integration of English nouns and the variation in the use of the unstressed syllabic augment /e-/ and two different imperfective past suffixes.
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Grieves, Forest L. "The Canadian Yearbook of International Law. Volume XXI, 1983. Edited by C. B. Bourne. Vancouver: The University of British Columbia Press, 1984. Pp. 449. Index. $36.50." American Journal of International Law 79, no. 2 (April 1985): 523–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2201761.
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Boltz, William G. "Middle Chinese, A Study in Historical Phonology, by E. G. Pulleyblank. Vancouver, B. C: The University of British Columbia Press, 1984. xix, 268 pp. Canadian $39.95." Early China 9, no. 1 (1985): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0362502800006532.
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Liu, Siyi, Shan Huang, Qian Zhou, Kent Snyder, Mary Kate Long, and Guangsheng Zhang. "Understanding Li-Ion Cell Internal Short Circuit during Nail Penetration By Simultaneous in Situ Measurement of Local Current, Resistance and Temperature." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 3 (October 9, 2022): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-023356mtgabs.
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Internal short circuit (ISC) can be a main cause of Li-ion cell thermal runaway in field failures, but its mechanisms still require better understanding1 , 2. Due to the highly localized and electrochemical-thermal coupled nature of ISC, it is important to use in situ/operando measurement of critical parameters for insightful understanding of the mechanisms. We recently reported a method for in situ measurement of dynamic ISC resistance and ISC current during nail penetration as schematically shown in Figure 1(a)3. When an ISC is formed inside the small test cell by nail penetration, external current will flow from the large power supply cell to the test cell. The test cell capacity is much smaller than the large power supply cell, so the measured current (A) can be assumed to be equal to the ISC current. The ISC voltage (V) is measured directly. Then the ISC resistance can be obtained through dividing the ISC voltage by the ISC current. The local temperature at the ISC spot is directly measured by a thermocouple embedded at the tip of the smart nail4. The previous method enabled insightful understanding of ISC3. It was observed that the ISC resistance changed by several orders of magnitude during nail penetration and dramatically influenced heat generation and local temperature rise. In some cases, the local ISC temperature increased more than 500 ℃, and even caused melting of Al foil in contact with the nail and rapid recovery of ISC resistance. But the previous method has a shortcoming. As noted in Figure 1(a), the small test cell with ISC is chemically and thermally disconnected from the large power supply cell. Such disconnection makes the thermal behaviors of the cells different from a real-world large Li-ion cell in which the ISC location is electrochemically and thermally connected to the entire cell. In particular, it does not allow investigation of thermal runaway propagation from the ISC location to the large cell. Built on our previous work while addressing its shortcoming, here we report an improved method. As shown schematically in Figure 1(b), a small cell and a large cell are fabricated inside the same pouch, sharing the same electrolyte and the same separator. They are not only electrically connected, but also chemically and thermally connected. The measurement of ISC current, resistance and temperature is similar to our previous work. When the smart nail penetrates the small cell, the ISC current flows from the large cell to the small cell through the external wire and can be measured by a current sensor (A). The ISC resistance is obtained from directly measured ISC current and ISC voltage. The local temperature can be measured not only by the thermocouple embedded at the tip of the smart nail, but also by thermocouples embedded at different locations inside the large cell5. This new method will enable insightful understanding of the highly localized and electrochemical-thermal coupled ISC phenomena under conditions closer to field failures. The experimental data can also be used for validation and improvement of numerical models of ISC. References X. Lai, C. Jin, W. Yi, X. Han, X. Feng, Y. Zheng and M. Ouyang, Energy Storage Materials, 35, 470 (2021). G. Zhang, X. Wei, X. Tang, J. Zhu, S. Chen and H. Dai, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 141 (2021). S. Liu, S. Huang, Q. Zhou, K. Snyder, M. Long and G. Zhang, 241st ECS Meeting, May 29- June 2, 2022, Vancouver, BC, Canada (2022). S. Huang, X. Du, M. Richter, J. Ford, G. M. Cavalheiro, Z. Du, R. T. White and G. Zhang, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 167 (2020). S. Huang, Z. Du, Q. Zhou, K. Snyder, S. Liu and G. Zhang, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 168 (2021). Figure 1
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Li, X., and S. H. De Boer. "First Report of Burkholderia andropogonis Causing Leaf Spots of Bougainvillea sp. in Hong Kong and Clover in Canada." Plant Disease 89, no. 10 (October 2005): 1132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-89-1132a.
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Burkholderia andropogonis has a broad host range including 52 species of 15 families of unrelated monocot and dicot plants such as white clover, carnation, bougainvillea, and other ornamental plants (2). In October 2003, a severely diseased Bougainvillea sp. was found in Kowloon, Hong Kong. Diseased leaves had circular lesions with brown centers surrounded by dark, red-brown margins bordered by chlorotic halos. A bacterium consistently isolated from such lesions using peptone yeast extract agar plus glucose plates was compared with several B. andropogonis strains, including the type strain as well as a B. andropogonis-like strain previously isolated from white clover in Vancouver, BC, Canada in June 1995. Pathogenicity of the isolates was determined by infiltrating greenhouse-grown white clover and carnation leaves with bacterial suspensions of ≈106 CFU/ml. Inoculated leaves developed lesions typical of those caused by B. andropogonis. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by isolating bacteria from typical lesions on inoculated plants that were identical to inoculated strains in colony morphology and biochemical characteristics. Using transmission electron microscopy, the Canadian and Hong Kong isolates, as well as authentic strains of B. andropogonis, were shown to have a single, polar sheathed flagellum, a unique feature of this bacterium (4). The two new isolates were compared with authentic strains of B. andropogonis using the Biolog system (Biolog Inc., Hayward, CA), whole cell protein profiles, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with species-specific primers. The two new isolates and authentic B. andropogonis cultures, including the type strain, were all identified as B. andropogonis using the Biolog system. The similarity in protein patterns of the new strains to those of authentic B. andropogonis strains supported their preliminary identification on the basis of morphology, pathogenicity, and the Biolog identification system. PCR amplification using primer pair Pf/Pr (Pf: 5′-AAGTCGAACGGTAACAGGGA-3′, and Pr: 5′-AAAGGATATTAGCCCTCGCC-3′), which specifically targets B. andropogonis 16S rDNA (1), produced the expected 410-bp amplicon with genomic DNA templates from the two isolates, further confirming their identity. No sequence variation was observed between the amplicon and data (X67037) from GenBank, which confirmed the earlier observation that strains of B. andropogonis were phylogenetically homogenous (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of B. andropogonis infection on Bougainvillea sp. in Hong Kong. The disease has been previously reported on this host only from Brisbane, Australia. This is also the first report of the isolation of B. andropogonis from clover in Canada, although the disease occurs on clover in other regions such as Australia and Hawaii. B. andropogonis has been previously reported in Canada only on greenhouse carnations (Dianthus sp.) (3). Usually, conditions of high humidity and high temperature are optimal for infection by B. andropogonis. On the basis of historical weather data, Hong Kong has tropical and subtropical coastal weather similar to Brisbane, Australia, while Vancouver, although mild, is cooler but has periods of high humidity. References: (1) R. D Bagsic et al. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 21:87. 1995. (2) E. J. Cother et al. Plant Pathol. 53:129, 2004. (3) D. W. Creelman. Can. Plant Dis. Surv. 44:146, 1964. (4) X. Li. Ph.D. diss. The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia. 1993.
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Coburn, Elaine. "Alternatives: New Canadian Political Economy and the relations of ruling: a comment on C. Hurl and B. Christensen." Studies in Political Economy 97, no. 2 (May 3, 2016): 206–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07078552.2016.1220072.
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Cao, Zuohao, Qin Xu, and Da-Lin Zhang. "A New Method to Diagnose Cyclone–Cyclone Interaction and Its Influences on Precipitation." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 58, no. 8 (August 2019): 1821–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-18-0344.1.
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AbstractUnlike the classical point vortex model, a new method is developed to extract flows induced not only by vorticity but also by divergence in a well-defined vortex core area of a cyclone. This new method is applied to diagnosing the interactions of three midlatitude cyclones (called A, B, and C) that account for a missed summer severe rainfall forecast, in which the daily precipitation predicted by the Canadian operational model is an order of magnitude smaller than the rain gauge and radar measurements. In this event, cyclone B, responsible for the severe rainfall occurrence, was advected largely by flows induced by two neighboring cyclones: A and C to the west and east, respectively. This work attempts to assess whether and to what degree the vertical tilt of the observed cyclone versus that of the forecast cyclone B is caused by advections of the environmental flows (including A- and C-induced flows) at 500 and 1000 hPa. Results show that the observed cyclone B was advected mainly by the cyclone A–induced flow at 500 hPa into a vertically tilted structure that was northwestward against the vertical shear of the environmental flow and thus favorable for upward motion and cyclone intensification around the time of severe rainfall. However, the forecast cyclone B was advected largely by the cyclone A–induced flow at 500 hPa and the cyclone C–induced flow at 1000 hPa into an increasingly northward-tilted structure that was along the vertical shear of the environmental flow and thus unfavorable for upward motion and cyclone intensification, leading to the missed forecast of severe rainfall. Suggestions are made for future improvements of model forecasts.
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Sherman, Morris, Stephen Shafran, Kelly Burak, Karen Doucette, Winnie Wong, Nigel Girgrah, Eric Yoshida, Eberhard Renner, Philip Wong, and Marc Deschenes. "Management of Chronic Hepatitis B: Consensus Guidelines." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 21, suppl c (2007): 5C—24C. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/728732.
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The present document presents the proceedings of the consensus development conference on the management of viral hepatitis held in January 2007 under the auspices of the Canadian Association for the Study of the Liver and the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada. Several new agents have become available since the last such document was published in 2004, and new information has become available to help assess risk of adverse outcomes and who should be treated. In addition, the participants at the meeting identified a number of structural barriers that exist uniquely in Canada and that prevent physicians from properly managing their patients. The conference discussed the selection of patients for treatment and the drugs that can be used to treat these patients, as well as the treatment of hepatitis B in special populations. The present document should be read in conjunction with the companion document on the management of chronic hepatitis C.
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Sherman, Morris, Stephen Shafran, Kelly Burak, Karen Doucette, Winnie Wong, Nigel Girgrah, Eric Yoshida, Eberhard Renner, Philip Wong, and Marc Deschênes. "Management of Chronic Hepatitis B: Consensus Guidelines." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 21, suppl c (2007): 5C—24C. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/910831.
Full textAbstract:
The present document presents the proceedings of the consensus development conference on the management of viral hepatitis held in January 2007 under the auspices of the Canadian Association for the Study of the Liver and the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada. Several new agents have become available since the last such document was published in 2004, and new information has become available to help assess risk of adverse outcomes and who should be treated. In addition, the participants at the meeting identified a number of structural barriers that exist uniquely in Canada and that prevent physicians from properly managing their patients. The conference discussed the selection of patients for treatment and the drugs that can be used to treat these patients, as well as the treatment of hepatitis B in special populations. The present document should be read in conjunction with the companion document on the management of chronic hepatitis C.
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Kymlicka, Will. "A New Deal for OLMC’s?" Articles, no. 1 (May 24, 2012): 248–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1009218ar.
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While Canada is widely seen as a leader in accommodating different forms of diversity, the unique needs of official language minority communities (OLMCs) are not adequately recognized in the constitution, and often fall through the cracks of the “Canadian model”. Can we imagine a new deal for OLMCs, perhaps in the form of new legislation or even a new constitutional provision that would provide stronger recognition of their national status, their collective rights, and their political autonomy? While I share the political objectives of achieving greater recognition and autonomy, this paper identifies a number of potential pitfalls and dead-ends that need to be avoided in the pursuit of such a new deal. I focus in particular on a) the role of legal categories, b) the limits of international law, and c) the constraints on constitutional reform.
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Danylchuk, Karen E., and Joanne MacLean. "Intercollegiate Athletics in Canadian Universities: Perspectives on the Future." Journal of Sport Management 15, no. 4 (October 2001): 364–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.15.4.364.
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As the new millennium begins, we find intercollegiate sport in Canadian universities at a crossroads. Although the Canadian Interuniversity Athletic Union (CIAU), the governing body for university sport in Canada, has a history of recurring issues and challenges, further change is imminent. This paper provides the perspective of two Canadian intercollegiate athletic administrators and sport management academicians on the future of intercollegiate sport in Canada by focusing on five major areas of concern: (a) diversity, (b) governance, (c) funding of athletics, (d) the role and value of athletics, and (e) the changing environmental context of the university. The authors conclude that university sport in Canada will remain embedded within the non-profit, amateur fabric of the Canadian sporting milieu characterized by a participant rather than spectator focus, men's sport domination, decreased funding sources, and pressures to justify its role and value within a rapidly changing environment. The diversity evident throughout the CIAU will continue to have a compelling impact on the organization.
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HEIM, ISABEL, and MICHAEL NICKEL. "Description and molecular phylogeny of Tethya leysae sp. nov. (Porifera, Demospongiae, Hadromerida) from the Canadian Northeast Pacific with remarks on the use of microtomography in sponge taxonomy." Zootaxa 2422, no. 1 (April 9, 2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2422.1.1.
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The sponge Tethya leysae sp. nov. (Porifera, Demospongiae, Hadromerida, Tethyidae) is a new species from the Canadian Northeast Pacific. Its type locality is the infralittoral around Ohiat Islet, Barkely Sound, Vancouver Island in Canada. Tethya leysae sp. nov. is a medium-sized spherical sponge with a verrucose surface, orange-yellow to light red alive and white with a greyish core in ethanol. The highly variable oxyspherasters (25-115 µm in size, R/C 0.34-0.69) are densely scattered almost throughout the entire cortex. The micrasters comprise acanthoxyspherasters, acanthostrongylasters, acanthotylasters and small oxyspherasters, which are present at low densities throughout the sponge and form a dense layer associated with the exopinacoderm. The megascleres and the auxiliary megascleres comprise oxeas and strongyloxeas. The new species is clearly distinguishable from the closely related T. californiana by the absence of spherules among the micrasters, the lack of an alveolar cortex and the extremely high density of megasters in the cortex. In addition, the R/C values of the megasters differ between the two species and the oxyspherasters of T. leysae sp. nov. rarely display bent rays. The morphological differences between the species are confirmed by nucleotide and amino acid substitutions within the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) mtDNA gene. Phylogenetic analyses group T. leysae sp. nov. with T. californiana, T. actinia and T. minuta, which together form a sister group to a MediterraneanNorth Atlantic species cluster. Morphological analyses of the skeleton included x-ray microtomography (µCT) and virtual 3D reconstruction, which was used for the first time in conjunction with the description of a new sponge species. Microtomography permitted the visualization and analysis of spicules within the skeletal context or isolated in silico. The method represents a valuable extension to the sponge taxonomist’s toolbox since it allows morphometric measurements in 3D. µCT will thus supplement classical morphological methods such as light and scanning electron microscopy.
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Shelley, Rowland M. "A new milliped of the genus Metaxycheir from the Pacific coast of Canada (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae), with remarks on the tribe Chonaphini and the western Canadian and Alaskan diplopod fauna." Canadian Journal of Zoology 68, no. 11 (November 1, 1990): 2310–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z90-323.
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Metaxycheir pacifica, a new chonaphine xystodesmid milliped from Vancouver Island, British Columbia, inhabits decidous spots in the forests along the Pacific Ocean from Bamfield to China Beach Provincial Park. It displays a subcylindrical body, imparted by reduced paranota caudal to segment 4; an acropodite in the form of a broad, open loop; and an acicular prefemoral process with minute subapical barbules. It is segregated from the type species, M. prolata Buckett and Gardner, in northern Idaho, by over 600 km, and is the second western Canadian xystodesmid. The tribe Chonaphini occupies five areas of allopatric populations: that of M. pacifica; from central Oregon to western Montana; and three areas in the north central and eastern states. The Pacific coastal region harbors the most diverse fauna of western Canada, and a second center of diversity lies around Mount Revelstoke and Glacier national parks. The diplopod fauna of Alaska and western Canada consists of at least 5 orders, 13 families, 22 genera, and 24 species; of these, 5, 10, 16, and 17 are indigenous forms and 2, 4, 6, and 7 are introductions, respectively. The chordeumatoid family Rhiscosomididae and the genus Rhiscosomides are new to Canada; five allochthonus species, Cylindroiulus caeruleocinctus (Wood), Ophyiulus pilosus (Newport), Oxidus gracilis (C. L. Koch), Brachydesmus superus Latzel, and Polydesmus inconstans Latzel, are new to the western provinces; and the Polyxenidae (Polyxenida) and Caseyidae (Chordeumatida) are new to Alaska.
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Reggeti, F., and D. Bienzle. "Feline immunodeficiency virus subtypes A, B and C and intersubtype recombinants in Ontario, Canada." Journal of General Virology 85, no. 7 (July 1, 2004): 1843–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.19743-0.
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Knowledge of the geographical distribution of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) subtypes is important for understanding different disease courses and for vaccine design. Intersubtype recombination may develop in areas where more than one subtype is prevalent and has the potential to create new transmittable variants with novel pathogenic properties. In this study, 40 FIV-positive DNA samples were classified by sequence analysis of the LTR–gag region. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that 32 Canadian FIV isolates clustered with previously identified subtypes A, B and C and that subtype A was most frequent in Ontario. Four strains with inconsistent clade assignment were further analysed by sequencing of the env–LTR regions. Comparisons of phylogenetic trees constructed from the two different regions of the genome and analysis of similarities to reference sequences yielded classification of three samples as A/B and one as A/C intersubtype recombinants. Although the A/B recombinant samples were obtained from unrelated cats in geographically disparate regions, a common breakpoint was consistently identified within gag. In addition, there was no evidence of co-infection with parental strains of subtypes A and B as indicated by PCR-based limiting dilution assays, although these assays allowed for the identification of two different recombinant viruses co-existing in one sample. Both sequences contained the same breakpoint. These findings suggested that a new circulating recombinant FIV may be enzootic in Ontario.
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van Donkelaar, A., R. V. Martin, W. R. Leaitch, A. M. Macdonald, T. W. Walker, D. G. Streets, Q. Zang, et al. "Analysis of aircraft and satellite measurements from the intercontinental chemical transport experiment (INTEX-B) to quantify long-range transport of East Asian Sulfur to Canada." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 1 (February 27, 2008): 4017–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-4017-2008.
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Abstract. We interpret a suite of satellite, aircraft, and ground-based measurements over the North Pacific Ocean and western North America during April–May 2006 as part of the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment Phase B (INTEX-B) campaign to understand the implications of long-range transport of East Asian emissions to North America. The Canadian component of INTEX-B included 33 vertical profiles from a Cessna 207 aircraft equipped with an aerosol mass spectrometer. Long-range transport of organic aerosols was insignificant. Measured sulfate plumes in the free troposphere over British Columbia exceeded 1 μg/m3. We update the global anthropogenic emission inventory in a chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) and use it to interpret the observations. Trends in Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) retrieved from two satellite instruments (MISR and MODIS) for 2000–2006 are analyzed with GEOS-Chem to estimate an annual growth in Chinese sulfur emissions of 6.2% and 9.6%, respectively. Analysis of aircraft sulfate measurements from the NASA DC-8 over the central Pacific, the NSF C-130 over the east Pacific and the Cessna over British Columbia indicates most Asian sulfate over the ocean is in the lower free troposphere (800–600 hPa), with a decrease in pressure toward land due to orographic effects. We calculate that 63% of the measured sulfate at 600 hPa over British Columbia is due to East Asian sources. Simulation of INTEX-B and May 1985 aircraft measurements off the northwest coast of the United States reveals a 2.4–3.4 fold increase in the relative contribution of East Asian sulfate to the total burden. Campaign-average simulations indicate anthropogenic East Asian sulfur emissions increase mean springtime sulfate in Western Canada at the surface by 0.14–0.19 μg/m3 (~30%) and account for 40% of the overall regional sulfate burden between 1 and 5 km. Mean measured daily surface sulfate concentrations taken in the Vancouver area increase by 0.27 μg/m3 per 10% increase in the simulated fraction of Asian sulfate, suggesting current East Asian emissions degrade local air quality.
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Poureslami, Iraj, Jacek Kopec, Noah Tregobov, Jessica Shum, Rick Sawatzky, Richard Hohn, and J. Mark FitzGerald. "An Integrated Framework to Conceptualize and Develop the Vancouver Airways Health Literacy Tool (VAHLT)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 16, 2021): 8646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168646.
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There is currently no comprehensive tool to assess the functional health literacy (HL) skills of chronic airway disease (CAD) patients. The purpose of this article is to describe the development of a new HL measure, the Vancouver Airways Health Literacy Tool (VAHLT). The tool was developed through the following phases: (1) Tool conceptualization, consisting of: (A) a systematic review (SR), (B) focus group sessions with CAD patients to understand barriers and facilitators to CAD management, (C) a survey with key-informants to obtain strategies to mitigate self-management barriers and validate patient-derived topics, and (D) respiratory physicians’ review of the topics; (2) Scenario and item development; and (3) Tool testing and content validation. The SR identified the lack of a valid HL measurement tool for CAD patients. Patients provided an initial shortlist of disease-related self-care topics. Key-informants helped to finalize topics for inclusion. Respiratory physicians and patients contributed to the development of a scenario-based questionnaire, which was refined during three rounds of testing to develop a 44-item instrument comprising nine self-management passages. We highlight the holistic process of integrating information from the literature with knowledge gained from key stakeholders into our tool framework. Our approach to stakeholder engagement may be of interest to researchers developing similar tools, and could facilitate the development and testing of HL-based interventions to ultimately improve patient outcomes and reduce the burden on the healthcare system.
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Gee, Ellen M., Barbara A. Mitchell, and Andrew V. Wister. "Home leaving trajectories in Canada: exploring cultural and gendered dimensions." Canadian Studies in Population 30, no. 2 (December 31, 2003): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.25336/p65g6n.
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In this exploratory study, we profile variations in home leaving, home returning, and home staying behaviour among four ethnocultural groups in Canada - British, Chinese, Indian, and South European. Data collected in a 1999-2000 survey of 1,907 young adults (ages 19-35) residing in the Vancouver area are used. Our principal foci are ethnocultural and gendered aspects of home leaving trajectories, specifically: ages at home leaving and returning, and reasons for home leaving, home returning and home staying. Special attention is paid to returners/boomerangers, given an increasing overall trend in home returning in Canada. We find that: (a) both ethnocultural origin and gender are important determinants of home leaving trajectory, (b) there is a distinct (but far from tidy) difference between European-origin and Asian-origin groups in home leaving trajectory, (c) British-Canadians leave home at the youngest ages and Indo-Canadians at the oldest ages, (d) the main reason for home leaving is independence for British-Canadians; schooling for Chinese-Canadians, and marriage for Indo-Canadians, (e) among all four groups, home returners leave home initially at younger ages and, with the exception of Indo-Canadian young men, who typically leave home for school, and (f) gender differences in home leaving trajectory are larger among the Chinese and Indo-Canadians than among persons of European origins. Overall, we conclude that the theorized trend of the individualized family life course holds for only some ethnocultural groups in Canada. We conclude with suggestions for future research directions on the topic of ethnicity and the home leaving life course transitions.
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Farrer, Rhys A., Kerstin Voelz, Daniel A. Henk, Simon A. Johnston, Matthew C. Fisher, Robin C. May, and Christina A. Cuomo. "Microevolutionary traits and comparative population genomics of the emerging pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus gattii." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1709 (December 5, 2016): 20160021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0021.
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Emerging fungal pathogens cause an expanding burden of disease across the animal kingdom, including a rise in morbidity and mortality in humans. Yet, we currently have only a limited repertoire of available therapeutic interventions. A greater understanding of the mechanisms of fungal virulence and of the emergence of hypervirulence within species is therefore needed for new treatments and mitigation efforts. For example, over the past decade, an unusual lineage of Cryptococcus gattii , which was first detected on Vancouver Island, has spread to the Canadian mainland and the Pacific Northwest infecting otherwise healthy individuals. The molecular changes that led to the development of this hypervirulent cryptococcal lineage remain unclear. To explore this, we traced the history of similar microevolutionary events that can lead to changes in host range and pathogenicity. Here, we detail fine-resolution mapping of genetic differences between two highly related Cryptococcus gattii VGIIc isolates that differ in their virulence traits (phagocytosis, vomocytosis, macrophage death, mitochondrial tubularization and intracellular proliferation). We identified a small number of single site variants within coding regions that potentially contribute to variations in virulence. We then extended our methods across multiple lineages of C. gattii to study how selection is acting on key virulence genes within different lineages. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Tackling emerging fungal threats to animal health, food security and ecosystem resilience’.
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Allard, Johane P., Heather Keller, Anastasia Teterina, Khursheed N. Jeejeebhoy, Manon Laporte, Donald R. Duerksen, Leah Gramlich, et al. "Factors associated with nutritional decline in hospitalised medical and surgical patients admitted for 7 d or more: a prospective cohort study." British Journal of Nutrition 114, no. 10 (September 15, 2015): 1612–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114515003244.
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AbstractThis prospective cohort study was conducted in eighteen Canadian hospitals with the aim of examining factors associated with nutritional decline in medical and surgical patients. Nutritional decline was defined based on subjective global assessment (SGA) performed at admission and discharge. Data were collected on demographics, medical information, food intake and patients’ satisfaction with nutrition care and meals during hospitalisation; 424 long-stay (≥7 d) patients were included; 38 % of them had surgery; 51 % were malnourished at admission (SGA B or C); 37 % had in-hospital changes in SGA; 19·6 % deteriorated (14·6 % from SGA A to B/C and 5 % from SGA B to C); 17·4 % improved (10·6 % from SGA B to A, 6·8 % from SGA C to B/A); and 63·0 % patients were stable (34·4 % were SGA A, 21·3 % SGA B, 7·3 % SGA C). One SGA C patient had weight loss ≥5 %, likely due to fluid loss and was designated as stable. A subset of 364 patients with admission SGA A and B was included in the multiple logistic regression models to determine factors associated with nutritional decline. After controlling for SGA at admission and the presence of a surgical procedure, lower admission BMI, cancer, two or more diagnostic categories, new in-hospital infection, reduced food intake, dissatisfaction with food quality and illness affecting food intake were factors significantly associated with nutritional decline in medical patients. For surgical patients, only male sex was associated with nutritional decline. Factors associated with nutritional decline are different in medical and surgical patients. Identifying these factors may assist nutritional care.
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Teply, S. "Performance Measures in Canadian Capacity Guide for Signalized Intersections." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1572, no. 1 (January 1997): 148–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1572-18.
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The set of performance measures included in the second edition of the Canadian Capacity Guide for Signalized Intersections, an updated, enhanced, and significantly expanded version of a Canadian traffic engineering document, is described. Because some of these measures represent new research applications and have not been published elsewhere, the objectives here are threefold; ( a) to share the results with the broader technical public, ( b) to present them for an international discussion, and ( c) to contribute to the ongoing debate on evaluation of the performance of signalized intersections, often the most critical elements of urban networks. The second edition presents a set of traditional, modified, and new analytical tools as well as a set of up-to-date numerical parameters for Canadian conditions, which make it possible to analyze specific problems and to assess the benefits and disadvantages of alternative solutions. The number of measures of effectiveness has been substantially increased compared with the first edition. In addition to the traditional types of delay, there are two new key performance measures: total person delay and delay to pedestrians. These are essential prerequisites for equitable treatment of all modes of transportation, especially public transit. Other performance measures, such as several types of queues, probability of cycle overload, number of stops, fuel consumption, and pollutant emissions, provide the user with a comprehensive account of intersection operation. Some of these measures are also useful as input to economic and environmental analyses. In addition, the results of the procedures may provide vital information for transportation demand modeling and forecasting.
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Tyler, Shaun, and Raymond Tsang. "Genetic analysis of Canadian isolates of C:2a:P1.2,5 and B:2a:P1.2,5Neisseria meningitidisstrains belonging to the hypervirulent clone of ET-15." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 50, no. 6 (June 1, 2004): 433–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w04-024.
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Isolates of the hypervirulent Neisseria meningitidis clone ET-15 found to express the serogroup B antigen were investigated and compared with representative members of serogroup B and C isolates. Clonal-clustering methods clearly grouped the B:ET15 isolates with C:ET15 isolates, indicating the only major difference between the two groups was in the capsule expressed. The organization of the cps operon from the B:ET15 isolates was found to be consistent with typical serogroup B isolates and differed from serogroup C isolates only in the sialyl transferase gene present. This suggests that these strains arose via recombination of the sialyl transferase gene. Specific points of recombination could not be identified, however, the majority (64%) of the B:ET15 isolates contained a copy of pseudo-IS1106 downstream of the cps operon indicating the potential for a common ancestral origin. The combination of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and sequence analysis of targeted regions of the cps operon permitted the differentiation of most B:ET15 isolates indicating that they likely arose from separate genetic events and do not represent the emergence and spread of a new clone. However, two isolates that appeared identical by all methods employed were temporally and geographically related although no epidemiological evidence is available indicating a link between these strains.Key words: Neisseria meningitidis, ET-15, cps operon, capsule switching, IS element.
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Atkinson, Gail M., and Igor A. Beresnev. "Compatible ground-motion time histories for new national seismic hazard maps." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 25, no. 2 (April 1, 1998): 305–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l97-094.
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Ground-motion time histories which are compatible with the uniform hazard spectra (UHS) provided by the new national seismic hazard maps of the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) are simulated. Time histories are simulated for the following cities: Halifax, La Malbaie, Québec, Montreal, Ottawa, Toronto, Prince George, Tofino, Vancouver, and Victoria. The target UHS for the time history simulations are the GSC 5% damped horizontal-component spectra for "firm ground" (Class B) sites for an annual probability of 1/500. The Canadian Council on Earthquake Engineering is currently considering the adoption of these maps as the seismological basis for the earthquake design requirements for future editions of the National Building Code of Canada. It is therefore useful to have compatible time histories for these spectra, in order that dynamic analysis methods requiring the use of time histories can be employed. The simulated records provide a realistic representation of ground motion for the earthquake magnitudes and distances that contribute most strongly to hazard at the selected cities and probability level. For each selected city, two horizontal components are generated for a moderate earthquake nearby, and two horizontal components are generated for a larger earthquake farther away. These records match the short- and long-period ends of the target UHS, respectively. These simulations for local and regional crustal earthquakes are based on a point-source stochastic simulation procedure. For cities in British Columbia, records are also simulated for a scenario M8.5 earthquake on the Cascadia subduction zone, using a stochastic finite-fault simulation model. Four different rupture scenarios are considered. The ground motions for this scenario event are not associated with a specific probability level, but current information suggests that their probability of occurrence is comparable to that of the 1/500 UHS (the probabilistic analyses performed for the national hazard maps do not explicitly include the Cascadia subduction event). Thus it would be reasonable to conduct engineering analyses for cities in British Columbia using both the simulated crustal-event motions and the simulated Cascadia-event motions for the Cascadia event. The time histories simulated for this study are available free of charge to all interested parties.Key words: compatible time-histories, seismic hazard, ground motions.
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Mohammad, Nagham M., Matthew Demers, and Kayla Kopel. "A comparison of flipped learning with traditional learning (face-to-face) in large calculus courses: The effects on students’ achievement and cognitive engagement." Journal of Mathematics and Science Teacher 3, no. 2 (September 24, 2023): em051. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/mathsciteacher/13720.
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This research paper investigates the effectiveness of combined flipped classroom (FC) with a plethora of <b>P</b>rep materials, small-group <b>C</b>ollaboration, student <b>P</b>resentations, <i>TopHat </i><b>C</b>lickers, and <b>E</b>ngaged labs (PCPCE) on students’ achievement and cognitive engagement from the students’ perceptions. Although FC format is not new, we use a different implementation of an FC (FC-PCPCE) in a calculus class. Educational and edutainment elements were investigated through a questionnaire that assessed learning gain, relatedness, challenges, learner-related factors, and self-reflection in terms of mathematics ability and perceived interest in the subject. We analyze both qualitative and quantitative survey responses from 354 first-year students participating in calculus classes at a large Canadian public university. We compare the perceptions of FC-PCPCE students to those of students in a traditional (i.e., non-flipped) classroom. The survey analysis shows that even with many students enjoying the implementation of FC-PCPCE format, students in the traditional classroom reported higher levels of satisfaction, interest, belonging, content recall, and experienced fewer academic challenges such as procrastination. The results of this study will aid educators in designing courses that benefit students and guide researchers who wish to pursue further studies on this topic.
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Klimaszewski, Jan, and Georges Pelletier. "Review of the Ocalea group of genera (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae) in Canada and Alaska: new taxa, bionomics, and distribution." Canadian Entomologist 136, no. 4 (August 2004): 443–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n03-069.
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AbstractA review of the Nearctic genera and Canadian and Alaskan species of the Ocalea group is presented. Ten genera are treated, with five erected as new: Alfocalea Klimaszewski gen. nov. (type species: A. montana Klimaszewski sp. nov.), Betocalea Klimaszewski gen. nov. (type species: B. pacifica Klimaszewski sp. nov.), Gennadota Casey (reinstated), Longipeltina Bernhauer, Megocalea Klimaszewski gen. nov. (type species: M. lemieuxi Klimaszewski sp. nov.), Metocalea Klimaszewski gen. nov. (type species: M. lindgreni Klimaszewski sp. nov.), Neoisoglossa (Casey) (nomen novum), Neothetalia Klimaszewski gen. nov. (type species: N. nimia (Casey)), Ocalea Erichson (restricted definition), and Parocalea Bernhauer. Twenty-four species of the Ocalea group are here recognized in the Nearctic region, fourteen of which occur in Canada. Six new species are described from western Canada and Alaska: Neothetalia smetanai Klimaszewski sp. nov. (Canada: British Columbia), Neothetalia canadiana Klimaszewski sp. nov. (Canada: British Columbia, Yukon Territory; United States: Alaska), Betocalea pacifica (Canada: British Columbia), Alfocalea montana (Canada: Alberta, British Columbia), Metocalea lindgreni (Canada: British Columbia), and Megocalea lemieuxi (Canada: British Columbia). The first record of Neoisoglossa agnita (Casey) in Alberta is provided. Two nominal species, Atheta (Athetalia) bicarniceps Casey (= Neoisoglossa) and Isoglossa grandicollis (Casey) (= Neoisoglossa), are here synonymized with Neoisoglossa arcuata (Casey). Aleochara pallitarsis Kirby has been transferred to the genus Neothetalia and is newly recorded from Alaska and British Columbia. Ocalea columbiana Klimaszewski has been transferred to Neothetalia and is newly recorded from Alaska. Neothetalia pallitarsis was formerly recorded from an unknown locality in North America and Neothetalia columbiana from the Carmanah Valley on Vancouver Island. Neothetalia nimia is newly recorded from Alaska. A new generic classification is proposed to accommodate species of the Nearctic Ocalea group. New data are provided on the systematics, relationships, bionomics, and distribution of the Nearctic species and genera of America north of Mexico. Diagnoses, colour images of entire bodies, and line illustrations of genital features are provided for those Canadian and Alaskan species that were not formerly illustrated, and their collection localities are plotted on maps. A key to Nearctic genera of the Ocalea group and the species occurring in Canada and Alaska is presented. The lectotypes have been designated for the following nominal species because the original series consisted of syntypes or represented mixed species or both sexes but with males bearing a better diagnostic set of characters: Aleochara picata Stephens (= Ocalea), Atheta (Athetalia) bicarniceps, Atheta (Athetalia) nimia Casey (= Neothetalia), Atheta (Athetalia) repensa Casey (= Neoisoglossa), Isoglossa arcuata Casey (= Neoisoglossa), Ocalea agnita Casey (= Neoisoglossa), Ocalea franciscana Casey (= Neoisoglossa), Ocalea fusca Fenyes (= Neoisoglossa), Ocalea grandicollis Casey (= Neoisoglossa), Pyroglossa grossa Bernhauer, Rheobioma disjuncta Casey (= Neoisoglossa), Rheobioma marcida Casey (= Neoisoglossa), and Rheobioma terrena Casey (= Neoisoglossa).
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van Donkelaar, A., R. V. Martin, W. R. Leaitch, A. M. Macdonald, T. W. Walker, D. G. Streets, Q. Zhang, et al. "Analysis of aircraft and satellite measurements from the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment (INTEX-B) to quantify long-range transport of East Asian sulfur to Canada." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, no. 11 (June 17, 2008): 2999–3014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-2999-2008.
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Abstract. We interpret a suite of satellite, aircraft, and ground-based measurements over the North Pacific Ocean and western North America during April–May 2006 as part of the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment Phase B (INTEX-B) campaign to understand the implications of long-range transport of East Asian emissions to North America. The Canadian component of INTEX-B included 33 vertical profiles from a Cessna 207 aircraft equipped with an aerosol mass spectrometer. Long-range transport of organic aerosols was insignificant, contrary to expectations. Measured sulfate plumes in the free troposphere over British Columbia exceeded 2 μg/m3. We update the global anthropogenic emission inventory in a chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) and use it to interpret the observations. Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) retrieved from two satellite instruments (MISR and MODIS) for 2000–2006 are analyzed with GEOS-Chem to estimate an annual growth in Chinese sulfur emissions of 6.2% and 9.6%, respectively. Analysis of aircraft sulfate measurements from the NASA DC-8 over the central Pacific, the NSF C-130 over the east Pacific and the Cessna over British Columbia indicates most Asian sulfate over the ocean is in the lower free troposphere (800–600 hPa), with a decrease in pressure toward land due to orographic effects. We calculate that 56% of the measured sulfate between 500–900 hPa over British Columbia is due to East Asian sources. We find evidence of a 72–85% increase in the relative contribution of East Asian sulfate to the total burden in spring off the northwest coast of the United States since 1985. Campaign-average simulations indicate anthropogenic East Asian sulfur emissions increase mean springtime sulfate in Western Canada at the surface by 0.31 μg/m3 (~30%) and account for 50% of the overall regional sulfate burden between 1 and 5 km. Mean measured daily surface sulfate concentrations taken in the Vancouver area increase by 0.32 μg/m3 per 10% increase in the simulated fraction of Asian sulfate, and suggest current East Asian emissions episodically degrade local air quality by more than 1.5 μg/m3.
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Taylor-Baer, Charlotte, and Gail Anderson. "Plagues in Our Criminal Justice System." Wrongful Conviction Law Review 4, no. 3 (March 4, 2024): 191–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/wclawr103.
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This study compared the causes of wrongful convictions in Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand to a) determine the main causes of wrongful convictions in different countries, b) determine if the cause(s) of wrongful convictions significantly differ between each country, c) determine what, if any, recommendations arose from these cases, and d) if any of these recommendations could be implemented in a Canadian setting. The main causes were witness perjury, forensic error, and procedural error (Canada), witness perjury (US), witness perjury and police misconduct (UK), police misconduct (Australia), and procedural error (New Zealand). Kruskal-Wallis tests indicated significant differences in distribution between these countries for medicolegal death investigations, bitemark analysis, procedural error, police misconduct, inadequate legal defence, eyewitness misidentification, and witness perjury. Objectives c and d were addressed through a content analysis resulting in the following five themes emerging: lack of accountability, education, accessibility, discrimination, and post exoneration.
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Ahmed, Mavra, Kacie Dickinson, Laura Vergeer, Christine Mulligan, Beatriz Franco-Arellano, Chantal Julia, and Mary L'Abbé. "Evaluating the Consistency of the French Nutri-Score Front-of-Pack Scoring System with Canadian Dietary Guidelines." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa064_001.
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Abstract Objectives Nutrient profiling (NP) models, underpinning front-of-pack (FOP) labelling, can guide consumers towards healthier food choices and should be aligned with food-based dietary guidelines. In France, [the FSAm/HCSP NP model], underpinning the Nutri-Score (NS) FOP, ranks foods on both nutrients-to-limit (saturated fat, sodium, sugar) and nutrients-to-encourage (e.g., protein, fibre, fruits, vegetables, legumes and nuts) and was found to adequately align with dietary recommendations in Europe. However, investigations on the comparable ranking of foods by the FSAm/HCSP NP model with the new Canadian dietary guidelines is lacking. The objective was to assess the ability of the NS to discriminate the nutritional quality of foods and beverages in the Canadian food supply and their consistency with nutritional recommendations according to the Canada's 2019 Food Guidelines (CFG). Methods Using the University of Toronto Food Label Information Program 2017 database (n = 17,360), the nutritional scores for prepackaged foods and beverages were derived using the NS. These scores correspond to five grades of nutritional quality, ranging from green (A; highest quality) to red (E; lowest quality). Scores were assessed as binary where A/B were considered ‘in alignment’ with CFG recommendations while C/D/E were considered ‘not in alignment’. Results The NS system classified 21% of products as A, ranging from 99% of legumes to 0.45% of the sugars/sweets. The NS was able to discriminate the nutritional quality of foods within the same food groups (based on display of three grades represented within the Nutri-Score). Overall, there was 73% agreement between NS and CFG, ranging from 48% for combination dishes to 95% for eggs/egg substitute categories. The classification of foods according to the NS was consistent with the CFG; foods for which consumption is recommended were more favourably classified (e.g., 76% of vegetables were classified as A or B) than foods for which consumption should be limited (e.g., 79% of snacks were classified as C/D/E). Conclusions The NS FOP system is an effective tool to discriminate products across and within food categories. The classification of different food groups in the NS displayed a high consistency with the new Canadian dietary guidelines. Funding Sources Sanofi-Pasteur University of Toronto Université Paris-Descartes Collaborative Grant.
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Panafidina, T. A., T. V. Popkova, and S. K. Solovyev. "Monitoring patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: general characteristics and discussion questions (according to the Canadian Rheumatology Association recommendations)." Rheumatology Science and Practice 57, no. 3 (July 11, 2019): 255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14412/1995-4484-2019-255-264.
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The paper details 15 new recommendations of the Canadian Rheumatology Association for the clinical monitoring of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). During their development, the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) classification system for rating the quality of recommendations was used for the first time. The recommendations for physician specialization; cardiovascular risk assessment; anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB antibody concentrations examination during pregnancy; and annual influenza vaccination are considered to be strong; those for rating disease activity and damage index; ultrasound of the carotid arteries; diagnosis of osteoporosis and osteonecrosis; Doppler ultrasound of uterine and fetoplacental blood flow during pregnancy; screening for cervical cancer, viral hepatitis B and C in patients with SLE are regarded as conditional.
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Munkittrick, Kelly R. "Assessment of the Effects of Endocrine Disrupting Substances in the Canadian Environment." Water Quality Research Journal 36, no. 2 (May 1, 2001): 293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2001.017.
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Abstract Endocrine disruptors are a complex issue that continues to evolve. From a government perspective, the issue of endocrine disruptors is complicated by the inclusion of several related issues, making it difficult to deal with in an effective manner. The sub-issues probably need to be dealt with through different regulatory mechanisms. The endocrine disruptor issues can be divided into three main categories: a) issues associated with subtle responses to compounds that are persistent, lipophilic and capable of biomagnification; b) issues associated primarily with non-persistent and relatively hydrophilic substances in industrial and municipal effluents; and c) issues associated with screening existing and new chemicals for their capability of interacting with the endocrine system in an adverse manner. This paper discusses options for dealing with chemicals found in complex mixtures such as pulp mill effluents, sewage effluents and in-use agricultural chemicals. When studies documented potential concerns about the potential for pulp mill effluents to cause reproductive and endocrine changes in fish, the Government of Canada developed an Environmental Effects Monitoring program as part of the new regulatory package. The EEM program is designed to provide information on whether effects are present in the environment when industry complies with their regulated discharge requirements. Endocrine disruptors have the potential to cause environmental effects with other regulated effluents, and an EEM-type of approach would be capable of identifying situations where effects are present and need to be dealt with.
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Charles, Douglas K. "Japanese Prehistory: Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherers In Japan . New Research Methods. Takeru Akazawa and C. Melvin Aikens, Eds. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, 1986 (U.S. distributor, Columbia University Press, New York). xiv, 221 pp., illus., + plates. $62.50. From a symposium, Vancouver, British Columbia, Sept. 1983." Science 235, no. 4791 (February 20, 1987): 916–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.235.4791.916-b.
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Ford, Ian W., and Sandy Gordon. "Perspectives of Sport Trainers and Athletic Therapists on the Psychological Content of their Practice and Training." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 7, no. 2 (May 1998): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.7.2.79.
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A two-part study was used to survey sport trainers and athletic therapists on both the frequency and significance of emotions and behaviors displayed by athletes during treatment and the importance of psychological techniques in injury management. A questionnaire, developed from a preliminary study with experienced sport trainers (Part 1), was mailed to sport trainers in Australia and New Zealand and athletic therapists in Canada(Part 2). Responses from Australian (n= 53), New Zealand (n= 11), and Canadian (n= 32) participants suggested that (a) wanting to return to play too soon, anxiety and frustration, noncompliance, and denial were experienced frequently by injured athletes during rehabilitation and significantly hindered effective recovery; (b) psychological skills training and learning to deal with psychological responses to injury would facilitate more effective treatment; and (c) athletes' self-presentation styles influence the support and attention received from trainers/therapists. Findings suggest that the applied sport psychology content of professional training programs for sport trainers and athletic therapists should be extended.
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Speranza, Attilio, Carlo Massafra, Stefano Pecchia, Riccardo Di Niccolo, Raffaele Iorio, and Andrea Ferretti. "Metallic versus Non-Metallic Cerclage Cables System in Periprosthetic Hip Fracture Treatment: Single-Institution Experience at a Minimum 1-Year Follow-Up." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 6 (March 14, 2022): 1608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11061608.
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Metallic cerclage cables are reliable and cost-effective internal fixation devices, which are largely used in surgical practice for the treatment of periprosthetic fractures. Nevertheless, complications connected with their use have been described in the literature, including the following: third-body generation, failure and consequent migration, fraying, allergies, and injury to the surgical team. The development of new materials offers alternatives to traditional metallic cables. This study compares the outcomes between two groups of patients affected by periprosthetic hip fractures, treated with titanium cables or with ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPe) iso-elastic cables. Our retrospective study aims to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of titanium cables and UHMWPe iso-elastic cables, isolated or associated with dedicated plates, for the surgical treatment of periprosthetic fractures with stable implants. Two groups of 30 (group A—metallic cables) and 24 (group B—UHMWPe iso-elastic cables) patients have been surgically treated in our institution for hip periprosthetic fractures, between September 2017 and June 2020. The mean age of the patients was 81 years in group A and 80 years in group B. In our study, we included fractures classified as B1 or C, according to the Vancouver postoperative fractures classification; the patients were evaluated retrospectively at 1 year postoperatively, regarding the following: surgery time, blood loss, partial weight-bearing time, radiographical healing time, Harris hip score, and postoperative complications. Comparable outcomes were observed in patients from both groups. Group A showed a higher complication rate compared to group B, at 1 year postoperatively. Non-metallic nylon fiber and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPe) cerclage cables could represent a reliable fixation device, ensuring comparable healing and complication rates with traditional titanium cerclage cables.
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Richardson, D., I. Silver, and A. Dionne. "47. Evaluation of new implementation strategies, program effectiveness and dissemination of new pedagogical knowledge: Centre for faculty development's stepping stones teaching certificate program." Clinical & Investigative Medicine 30, no. 4 (August 1, 2007): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.25011/cim.v30i4.2807.
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This evaluation of the integrated Stepping Stones (SS) Teaching Certificate program, including its instructional development (workshops) and theory review (journal club) components, will inform further program development. Results of this project will also add to the limited amount of scholarly work in the area of faculty development program evaluation.
Faculty development literature in the area of organized program assessment reveals use of either quantitative OR qualitative methods. In this project, a novel method combining both techniques was used to explore program impact. Participants completed 2 questionnaires to identify skill-set knowledge gaps in teaching effectiveness. Pre- and post-program quantitative gaps were generated. Focus groups were used for qualitative exploration. Areas explored pre-program included: a) motives for enrollment, b) program expectations and c) prior teaching preparation. Post-program discussion explored: the impact of the program on a) participant’s perceived gaps, b) teaching behaviour change, and c) its influence on their career in education.
We believed the program’s interprofessional environment would foster development of a learning community having impact on faculty knowledge, skills and attitudes related to teaching, and potentially elicit behavioural change in teaching practices. Results from a 2004-2005 cohort of participants have identified a variety of benefits for faculty and their teaching practice. Results from a second separate cohort, 2005-2006 participants, validated the initial findings. Remarkable harmonization in the results of the qualitative analysis between the two cohort samples was evident. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were found in each of the domains examined qualitatively.
Both qualitative and quantitatively, program effectiveness was demonstrated immediately following completion of the program. Follow up to assess the sustainability of the effects is ongoing. The analysis of the quantitative discrepancy (gaps) data has lead to a possible technique to assist in identifying unperceived educational needs.
McLeod PJ, Steinert Y, Nasmith L, Conochie L. Faculty Development in Canadian medical schools: a 10-year update. CMAJ 1997; 156(10):1419-23.
Hewson MG, Copeland HL, Fishleder AJ. What’s the use of faculty development? Program evaluation using retrospective self-assessments and independent performance ratings. Teach Learn Med 2001; 13(3):153-60.
Moore EM. A Framework for Outcomes Evaluation in the Continuing Development of Physicians, in: The Continuing Professional Development of Physicians. Eds. Davis D, Barnes BE, Fox R. AMA Press, 2003.
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Oberti, Roberta, Massimo Boiocchi, Frank C. Hawthorne, Neil A. Ball, and Paul M. Ashley. "Oxo-mangani-leakeite from the Hoskins mine, New South Wales, Australia: occurrence and mineral description." Mineralogical Magazine 80, no. 6 (October 2016): 1013–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2016.080.037.
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AbstractOxo-mangano-leakeite, a newly approved end-member of the amphibole supergroup (IMA-CNMNC 20150-35), has been found in a rock containing manganese silicate and oxide at the Hoskins Mine, a Mn deposit 3 km west of Grenfell, New South Wales. The end-member formula of oxo-mangani-leakeite is ANaBNa2C(Mn3+4Li)TSi8 O22WO2, which would require SiO2 53.15, Mn2O3 34.91, Li2O 1.66, Na2O 10.28, total 100.00 wt.%. The empirical formula derived for the sample of this work from electron and ion microprobe analysis using constraints resulting from single-crystal structure refinement is A(Na0.65K0.36)∑ = 1.01B(Na1.94Ca0.06)∑ = 2.00C(Mg1.60Zn0.01 Li0.58)∑ = 5.01T(Si7.98Al0.02)∑ = 8.00O22W(O1.34OH0.66)∑ = 2.00. Oxo-mangano-leakeite is biaxial (–), with α = 1.681, β = 1.712, γ = 1.738, all ± 0.002, and 2V (meas.) = 81.0(4)°, 2V (calc.) = 83.5°. The unit-cell dimensions are a = 9.875(5), b = 17.873(9), c = 5.295(2) Å, β = 104.74(3)°, V = 903.8 (7) Å3; the space group is C2/m, with Z = 2. The strongest ten reflections in the powder X-ray pattern [d values (in Å), I, (hkl)] are: 8.423, 100, (110); 3.377, 46, (131); 4.461, 40, (040); 4.451, 40, (021); 3.134, 37, (); 2.694, 37, (151); 2.282, 27, (); 2.734, 25, (3̅31); 2.575, 24, (061); 2.331, 24, [() ()]. The holotype material is deposited in the Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, under the catalogue number CMNMC 86895.
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Ker, John W. "Sopron Chronicle: Hungarian Foresters in the Western World, 1919–1986. By Sopron Alumni of [the] University of] B[ritish] C[olumbia] and Kalman J. Roller. Vancouver, British Columbia: Rakoczi Foundation, 1986. 204 pp. Illustrations, tables, references, appendixes, biographical dictionary, bibliography. $34.00 Canadian." Forest & Conservation History 33, no. 3 (July 1989): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4005126.
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