Journal articles: 'New Caledonia'

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BOROWIEC, LECH, JOLANTA ŚWIĘTOJAŃSKA, and LUKÁŠ SEKERKA. "Revision of the tribe Cryptonychini (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) of New Caledonia." Zootaxa 4690, no. 1 (October 25, 2019): 1–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4690.1.1.

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New Caledonian members of the tribe Cryptonychini are revised. The tribe is represented by eigth genera and 23 species, all but one endemic to New Caledonia. A new genera Paratorquispa gen. nov. and Wanatispa gen. nov. are proposed, and 11 species are described as new: Brontispa caledonica sp. nov., Caledonispa bivittata sp. nov., Caledonispa panieensis sp. nov., Caledonispa spinosa sp. nov., Isopedhispa costata sp. nov., Isopedhispa latemarginata sp. nov., Teretrispa daccordii sp. nov., Teretrispa longicollis sp. nov., Torquispa convexifrons sp. nov., Wanatispa cylindricollis sp. nov., and Wanatispa rutai sp. nov. Torquispa caledoniae Uhmann, 1954 is transferred to the genus Paratorquispa, comb. nov. Each taxon is provided with a detailed description, set of figures and studied material. Keys to all taxa are proposed.

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Boulard, Florence. "Picturebooks in New Caledonia." Waikato Journal of Education 27, no. 1 (May 5, 2022): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15663/wje.v26i1.903.

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New Caledonia is a French overseas territory in the South Pacific with a long history of differing attitudes towards independence (Fisher, 2019). The local government aims to challenge French cultural hegemony by building a “New Caledonian School” (Gouvernement de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, 2016). That is, a school in which students are exposed to resources that reflect the realities of the country and allow for marginalised groups to become more visible in the curriculum. It is through this context that this article investigates how children’s literature, in particular picturebooks, began developing in New Caledonia. Children’s literature in New Caledonia is a relatively new phenomenon. Using Gramsci’s theory of hegemony, the paper explains the history of picturebooks in New Caledonia and their role in the curriculum. The official language of New Caledonia is French, but there are also 28 Kanak languages. Surrounded by Anglophone nations, such as Australia and New Zealand, education policies were put in place on this island to introduce English to students from primary school (Bissoonauth-Bedford, 2018). As a result, this article describes and analyses a bilingual picturebook written in French and English by Stephane Moysan (2017), entitled Yana’s Treasure: An Amazing Trip in New Caledonia. In particular, it reviews how this picturebook provides opportunities to bring to consciousness essential elements of Pacific French culture and identity both within and beyond the New Caledonian context.

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Johanson, Kjell Arne. "Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Helicopha Mosely (Trichoptera: Helicophidae), with description of five new species from New Caledonia." Insect Systematics & Evolution 34, no. 2 (2003): 131–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187631203788964827.

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AbstractFive new Helicopha species are described from New Caledonia: H. paniensis sp.n., H. amieuensis sp.n., H. einap sp.n., H. ramea sp.n. and H. dognyensis sp.n. The new species are all endemic to New Caledonia and described herein. Distributional data is included on maps for all eight New Caledonian Helicopha species. A key to the males of New Caledonian Helicophidae is presented. Phylogenetic analyses performed on morphological characters of the males of Helicophidae species show that the New Caledonia Helicopha are monophyletic, but the relationship between the Australian and New Caledonian Helicopha species is at present not fully understood. Analyzing with equally weighted characters leaves the Australian Helicopha as the sistergroup to the New Caledonian Helicopha. When characters are weighted using implied weights and concavity constant of 2, the New Zealand Zelolessica split the New Caledonian and Australian Helicopha, leaving Helicopha paraphyletic. The monotypic New Caledonian genus Briama is closely related to Helicopha in all results.

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Gendron, Robin S. "At Odds Over INCO: The International Nickel Company of Canada and New Caledonian Politics in the 1960s." Canada, Empire, and Decolonization 20, no. 2 (September 15, 2010): 112–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/044401ar.

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In the 1960s, the International Nickel Company of Canada (INCO) sought to preserve its dominance of the global nickel industry by securing access to New Caledonia’s abundant reserves of nickel ore. In attempting to do so, however, INCO became embroiled in an acrimonious political dispute between New Caledonian autonomists, who wanted to diversify the territory’s economic activities and secure greater self-government from French rule, and the government of France, which considered INCO a threat to French sovereignty over New Caledonia and France’s interests in the Pacific. In obstructing INCO’s ability to operate in New Caledonia throughout the 1960s, however, the French government inadvertently galvanized the territory’s nationalists and increased their demands for autonomy from France.

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M'Bala-Ndi, Mari. "Questioning public interest journalism in New Caledonia." Pacific Journalism Review 19, no. 1 (May 31, 2013): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v19i1.239.

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Commentary: François Hollande’s five-year term of office as President of France overlaps a critical time for the future of New Caledonia, where a referendum is set to take place between 2014 and 2019 to decide whether or not the archipelago will remain within the French Republic or become independent. New Caledonia has a unique status in the polity of France. It is a special collectivity, more than a colonial territory, but less than a fully independent state within a Francophone commonwealth. It is the author’s contention, however, that within the public sphere of this unique political entity, it is the media in New Caledonia, rather than the government of metropolitan France that will play the decisive role in influencing the future of New Caledonia. Therefore, this commentary sets out to interrogate the role local media could play in the future of the archipelago and the implications for the New Caledonian public.

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Toussaint, Emmanuel F. A., Rene Tänzler, Michael Balke, and Alexander Riedel. "Transoceanic origin of microendemic and flightless New Caledonian weevils." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 6 (June 2017): 160546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160546.

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The origin of the astonishing New Caledonian biota continues to fuel a heated debate among advocates of a Gondwanan relict scenario and defenders of late oceanic dispersal. Here, we study the origin of New Caledonian Trigonopterus flightless weevils using a multimarker molecular phylogeny. We infer two independent clades of species found in the archipelago. Our dating estimates suggest a Late Miocene origin of both clades long after the re-emergence of New Caledonia about 37 Ma. The estimation of ancestral ranges supports an ancestral origin of the genus in a combined region encompassing Australia and New Guinea with subsequent colonizations of New Caledonia out of New Guinea in the mid-Miocene. The two New Caledonian lineages have had very different evolutionary trajectories. Colonizers belonging to a clade of foliage dwellers greatly diversified, whereas species inhabiting leaf-litter have been less successful.

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Bordoni, Arnaldo. "New data on the Australasian Xantholinini. 12. New species from New Caledonia (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)." Fragmenta Entomologica 50, no. 2 (December 21, 2018): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/fe.2018.310.

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In this short contribution some specimens from New Caledonia, colletcted by Dr. Geoff Monteith of the Queensland Museum of Brisbane, are studied and four new species are described and illustrated (Pachycorynus monteithi sp. n., P. flavus sp. n., P. insularis sp. n., and Zeteotomus insularis sp. n.). The known New Caledonian Xantholinini are now represented by 17 species.

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Wulff, Adrien S., Shane R. Turner, Bruno Fogliani, and Laurent L'Huillier. "Smoke stimulates germination in two divergent Gondwanan species (Hibbertiapancheri and Scaevola montana) endemic to the biodiversity hotspot of New Caledonia." Seed Science Research 22, no. 4 (July 30, 2012): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258512000141.

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AbstractDue to shared geological history and proximity, the flora of New Caledonia is closely linked to other Gondwanan land fragments such as Australia and New Zealand. Many predominant Australian groups are well represented within the New Caledonian flora, including the genera Hibbertia (23 species) and Scaevola (10 species). Previous studies have found that these two genera in particular have a marked positive germination response to smoke products, although all previous studies have centred on Australian species from fire-prone environments. In this present study, we test the hypothesis that two New Caledonian species of Hibbertia and Scaevola are smoke responsive even though the climate and ecological drivers in New Caledonia are in many respects fundamentally different from those of most of Australia. Preliminary results showed that germination of Hibbertia pancheri was significantly accelerated in response to smoke water while germination in Scaevola montana was also significantly enhanced. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that these trends have been illustrated for any New Caledonian species and these results will enhance restoration efforts of ultramafic scrublands impacted by mining activities in New Caledonia.

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Johanson, Kjell Arne, and Patricia W. Schefter. "Taxonomic survey of the New Caledonian species of Helicopsyche described by H. H. Ross (Trichoptera: Helicopsychidae)." Insect Systematics & Evolution 30, no. 1 (1999): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187631200x00174.

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AbstractEleven out of twelve species of New Caledonian Helicopsyche described by H. H. Ross in 1975 were re-examined. Extended descriptions of the males include characters of the head, wing, leg and genitalia. The females of H. boularia, H. caledonia, H. edmundsi and H. hollowayi are described for the first time. Larvae of H. arenaria, H. boularia, H. caledonia, H. edmundsi, H. hollowayi, H. kariona and H. lapidaria are newly associated to species and described. Also the pupae of H. arenaria, H. caledonia, H. edmundsi, H. kariona, H. koumaca, H. lapidaria and H. starmuehlneri are described.

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10

Pillon, Yohan, and Vanessa Hequet. "A New Species of Argophyllum (Argophyllaceae) with Notes on the Species from New Caledonia and Nickel Hyperaccumulation." Plants 10, no. 4 (April 5, 2021): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10040701.

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The taxonomy of Argophyllum (Argophyllaceae) in New Caledonia is reviewed here. All names validly published in Argophyllum in this archipelago are discussed and lectotypified when necessary. A new species is described, Argophyllum riparium (The LSID for the name Argophyllum riparium is: 77216335-1) Pillon and Hequet sp. nov. Argophyllum grunowii and A. ellipticum are both species complexes in which several species previously recognized are included here as well. Seven species are recognized in New Caledonia: A. brevipetalum, A. ellipticum, A. grunowii, A. montanum, A. nitidum, A. riparium and A. vernicosum, all endemic. Leaf nickel content of A. riparium can exceed 1000 μg·g−1, which makes this species a nickel hyperaccumulator. Measurements with a handheld X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer confirmed that this was also the case for all other species from New Caledonia, except A. nitidum. An identification key of New Caledonian species is provided.

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11

AGUIAR, ALEXANDRE P., and JOHN T. JENNINGS. "New Caledonia as the centre of origin of Parastephanellus Enderlein, with a phylogeny and description of the female of P. khogis Aguiar (Hymenoptera, Stephanidae)." Zootaxa 1576, no. 1 (September 5, 2007): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1576.1.2.

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The female for Parastephanellus khogis Aguiar is described, expanding the knowledge of the family Stephanidae in New Caledonia, previously centered on four species all known from single specimens. We also provide additional localities for P. khogis and discuss the morphological variation among the New Caledonian taxa, which seems to be morphologically conservative. A preliminary cladistic analysis including all stephanid species from New Caledonia and 63 species from other biogeographic regions suggests the origin of the genus Parastephanellus Enderlein in New Caledonia (lineage of P. delicatus Aguiar and P. mouensis Aguiar), and a recolonisation with taxa related to a possibly Australian lineage (P. khogis and P. sarramea Jennings).

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12

COURI, MARCIA S., ADRIAN C. PONT, and CHRISTOPHE DAUGERON. "The Muscidae (Diptera) of New Caledonia." Zootaxa 2503, no. 1 (June 11, 2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2503.1.1.

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The Muscidae of New Caledonia are reviewed. A key for the identification of genera and species is given, together with diagnoses, descriptions and illustrations. The revision is based on literature records and on examined material from New Caledonia deposited in various museums and institutions. A total of 18 genera and 40 species are recognised, 7 of which are endemic and 4 of which are newly described: Dichaetomyia shinonagai, sp. nov.; Helina flavoextrema, sp. nov.; Limnophora longiantennata, sp. nov. and Pygophora spinifera, sp. nov. Helina Robineau-Desvoidy, Synthesiomyia Brauer & Bergenstamm and Neomyia Walker are newly recorded genera, and Atherigona bidens Hennig, Atherigona poecilopoda Bezzi, Lispe fuscipalpis Malloch, Lispocephala occulta (Pont), Musca ventrosa Wiedemann, Musca vetustissima Walker, Neomyia timorensis (Robineau-Desvoidy), Pygophora hopkinsi Malloch and Synthesiomyia nudiseta (Wulp) are newly recorded species for New Caledonia. Four species previously recorded in the literature on New Caledonia, Muscina stabulans (Fallén), Lispe assimilis Wiedemann, Pygophora maculigera (Stein) and Pygophora minuta Malloch, were not represented in the material examined. The male terminalia of the Atherigona species, Pygophora caledonica (Bigot) and the new species are illustrated. Coenosia pumilio Stein is redescribed. Lispe binotata Becker, 1914 is a new junior subjective synonym of Lispe nicobarensis Schiner, 1868, syn. nov. A brief discussion on the composition of the fauna is also given.

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13

Garrigue, Claire, Paul Forestell, Peter Gill, Patricia Naessig, Nathalie M. Patenaude, and Scott C. Baker. "Migratory movements of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) between New Caledonia, East Australia and New Zealand." J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 2, no. 2 (September 1, 2000): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v2i2.494.

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‘Discovery’ marks and their recoveries from humpback whales in the southwest Pacific provide no evidence of migratory interchange between wintering grounds in New Caledonia and migratory corridors off east Australia (Moreton Island) and New Zealand, or wintering grounds in Tonga. To provide further insight into the migratory connections among these regions, images of 169 individually-identified humpback whales from New Caledonia were compared with the published catalogues of Australian (n = 1,088), Tongan (n = 78) and New Zealand (n = 1) humpback whales. Four of the New Caledonian humpbacks were found to have migrated past east Australia and one past New Zealand in separate years. No movement was found between New Caledonia and Tonga. These data provide the first photographic information on exchanges between regions of the southwest Pacific. Reviewed in light of historical records, these data also highlight the necessity for further research in the South Pacific region to resolve the question of the proposed segregation of the Southern Hemisphere Group V stock into an eastern group (New Zealand and the Pacific Islands) and a western group (east Australia).

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David Chappell. "New Caledonia." Contemporary Pacific 20, no. 2 (2008): 460–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.0.0022.

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Chappell, David. "New Caledonia." Contemporary Pacific 21, no. 2 (2009): 352–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.0.0082.

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Chappell, David A. "New Caledonia." Contemporary Pacific 12, no. 2 (2000): 515–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2000.0048.

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Chappell, David A. "New Caledonia." Contemporary Pacific 13, no. 2 (2001): 541–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2001.0043.

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Chappell, David. "New Caledonia." Contemporary Pacific 14, no. 2 (2002): 446–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2002.0042.

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Chappell, David A. "New Caledonia." Contemporary Pacific 15, no. 2 (2003): 448–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2003.0038.

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Chappell, David A. "New Caledonia." Contemporary Pacific 16, no. 2 (2004): 383–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2004.0040.

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Chappell, David A. "New Caledonia." Contemporary Pacific 17, no. 2 (2005): 435–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2005.0043.

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Chappell, David A. "New Caledonia." Contemporary Pacific 18, no. 2 (2006): 399–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2006.0005.

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Chappell, David A. "New Caledonia." Contemporary Pacific 19, no. 2 (2007): 582–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2007.0045.

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David Chappell. "New Caledonia." Contemporary Pacific 22, no. 2 (2010): 433–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2010.0035.

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Chappell, David. "New Caledonia." Contemporary Pacific 23, no. 2 (2011): 476–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2011.0056.

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Chappell, David. "New Caledonia." Contemporary Pacific 24, no. 2 (2012): 389–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2012.0047.

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Chappell, David. "New Caledonia." Contemporary Pacific 25, no. 2 (2013): 382–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2013.0045.

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Chauchat, Mathias. "New Caledonia." Contemporary Pacific 30, no. 2 (2018): 501–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2018.0038.

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Chauchat, Mathias. "New Caledonia." Contemporary Pacific 31, no. 2 (2019): 527–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2019.0031.

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Chauchat, Mathias. "New Caledonia." Contemporary Pacific 32, no. 2 (2020): 570–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2020.0054.

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Ramage, Thibault, and Corentin Jouault. "New species and records of Evanioidea and Stephanoidea from New Caledonia (Hymenoptera)." European Journal of Taxonomy 723 (November 4, 2020): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2020.723.1141.

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Three new species of aulacid wasps, Aulacus pascali sp. nov., Pristaulacus elveni sp. nov. and Pristaulacus villemantae sp. nov., and a new species of gasteruptiid wasp, Gasteruption jenningsi sp. nov., are described and figured. Additionally, we update identification keys to New Caledonia species of aulacids and gasteruptiids. We also provide new data on New Caledonian Evaniidae, Gasteruptiidae and Stephanidae.

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SHARMA, PRASHANT, and GONZALO GIRIBET. "A new Troglosiro species (Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi, Troglosironidae) from New Caledonia." Zootaxa 1053, no. 1 (September 23, 2005): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1053.1.4.

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A new species of Cyphophthalmi belonging to the New Caledonian endemic genus Troglosiro Juberthie, 1979 is described and illustrated using SEM, including the first description of a troglosironid ovipositor. T. longifossa sp. nov., known only from its type locality in Port Boisé, and found at low elevation near sea level, constitutes the seventh species of Troglosiro to be described to date. The new species has a unique disposition of the four ventral opisthosomal gland pores in the anterior portion of a long depression of the sternal segments 3 to 7. Information on other specimens recently collected in New Caledonia indicates that the number of described species in the island is a gross underestimate of the real diversity of New Caledonian Cyphophthalmi, both in number of species and morphology.

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Ganachaud, Alexandre, Lionel Gourdeau, and William Kessler. "Bifurcation of the Subtropical South Equatorial Current against New Caledonia in December 2004 from a Hydrographic Inverse Box Model*." Journal of Physical Oceanography 38, no. 9 (September 1, 2008): 2072–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jpo3901.1.

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Abstract The South Equatorial Current (SEC), the westward branch of the South Pacific subtropical gyre, extends from the equator to 30°S at depth. Linear ocean dynamics predict that the SEC forms boundary currents on the eastern coasts of the South Pacific islands it encounters. Those currents would then detach at the northern and southern tips of the islands, and cross the Coral Sea in the form of jets. The Fiji Islands, the Vanuatu archipelago, and New Caledonia are the major topographic obstacles on the SEC pathway to the Australian coast. Large-scale numerical studies, as well as climatologies, suggest the formation of three jets in their lee: the north Vanuatu jet (NVJ), the north Caledonian jet (NCJ), and the south Caledonian jet (SCJ), implying a bifurcation against the east coast of each island. The flow observed during the SECALIS-2 cruise in December 2004 between Vanuatu and New Caledonia is presented herein. An inverse box model is used to provide quantitative transport estimates with uncertainties and to infer the pathways and boundary current formation. For that particular month, the 0–2000-m SEC inflow was found to be 20 ± 4 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) between Vanuatu and New Caledonia. Of that, 6 ± 2 Sv bifurcated to the south in a boundary current against the New Caledonia coast (the Vauban Current), and the remainder exited north of New Caledonia, feeding the NCJ. The flow is comparable both above and below the thermocline, while complex topography, associated with oceanic eddy generation, introduces several recirculation features. To the north, the NCJ, which extends down to 1500 m, was fed not only by the SEC inflow, but also by waters coming from the north, which have possibly been recirculated. To the south, a westward current rounds the tip of New Caledonia. A numerical simulation suggests a partial continuity with the deep extension of the Vauban Current (this current would then be the SCJ) while the hydrographic sections are too distant to confirm such continuity.

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Speedy, Karin. "Reunion Creole in New Caledonia." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 22, no. 2 (October 11, 2007): 193–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.22.2.02spe.

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According to Ehrhart and Corne, Tayo is an endogenous creole that crystallized under the peculiarly plantation-like circumstances present at the St-Louis mission in the late 19th century. Noting some linguistic similarities with Reunion Creole, Chaudenson (1994) raises the question of whether Reunion Creole had had any influence on the development of Tayo. This notion is refuted both by Ehrhart (1994) and Corne (1994, 1995, 1999, 2000a, 2000b), although Corne (2000a) concedes that due to some linguistic and socio-demographic evidence, Reunion Creole influence on Tayo cannot be excluded. This paper revisits this debate and reopens questions that earlier researchers appear to have closed by discussing the implications of two texts written in Reunion Creole and published in New Caledonia. The first is a Georges Baudoux text containing the ‘Reunion Creole’ of Socrates, a black Reunion Creole taken to New Caledonia in 1870 to work as a coolie. The second is a political text attacking a ‘Creole’ candidate running for election on the Conseil Supérieur des Colonies published in 1884 by journalist Julien Bernier, an immigrant from Reunion. Accepting the authenticity of these texts raises questions pertinent to the debate on Tayo genesis. Given that réunionnais was being spoken in New Caledonia when Tayo was developing, were any speakers in contact with the Kanaks of St-Louis? What, if any, influence did their language have on the developing St-Louis patois? I discuss these questions by re-examining socio-historical evidence and by making some brief comparisons between the New Caledonian Reunion Creole texts and Tayo.

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Ireland, Benjamin Hiramatsu. "The Japanese in New Caledonia." French Historical Studies 43, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 667–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00161071-8552503.

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Abstract This article explores the history of the Japanese in New Caledonia at the turn of the twentieth century before considering how the French Pacific empire ordered the incarceration and deportation of nearly all Japanese subjects in New Caledonia to Australian internment camps. Retracing this neglected history through testimonies of descendants of incarcerated Japanese, as well as through archived governmental reports, this study first examines the legal identity of mixed-race Japanese Melanesians (or Nippo-Kanaks) and that of other half-Japanese métis in New Caledonia and then analyzes how French administrators policed the Japanese emigrant population. This article additionally considers the family history of a second-generation Nippo-Kanak daughter who shares a rare perspective on the New Caledonian Japanese whom the French refrained from deporting. Cet article examine l'histoire des Japonais en Nouvelle-Calédonie au début du vingtième siècle avant de considérer comment les autorités de l'Océanie française ordonnèrent l'expulsion de presque tous les sujets japonais en Nouvelle-Calédonie et leur incarcération dans les camps d'internement australiens. Retraçant cette histoire négligée à travers les témoignages des descendants ainsi que des rapports de gouvernement archivés, cet article examine d'abord l'identité légale des métis japonais-mélanésiens, appelés « Nippo-Kanak », et celle d'autres métis japonais en Nouvelle-Calédonie avant d'analyser comment l'administration française maintint l'ordre parmi la population d'émigrants japonais. Cet article s'interroge également sur l'histoire familiale d'une fille nippo-kanak de la deuxième génération qui partage une perspective rare sur les Japonais de Nouvelle-Calédonie que les Français s'abstinrent d'expulser.

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Mouly, Arnaud, Laure Barrabé, and David Bruy. "Molecular phylogeny of Atractocarpus (Rubiaceae): taxonomic implications for several New Caledonian Gardenieae species." Plant Ecology and Evolution 154, no. 1 (March 23, 2021): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2021.1744.

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Background and aims – New Caledonia is a hotspot of biodiversity in the world. Among the most diverse New Caledonian plant families is Rubiaceae, which consist of 30 genera containing 220 species, with a level of endemism of 93%. The tribe Gardenieae is represented by four genera, Gardenia (8 species), Aidia (2 species), Randia (7 species), and Atractocarpus (10 species). As Randia has now been restricted to the Neotropics, the New Caledonian Randia species remain unplaced within the tribe. Atractocarpus is a Pacific genus, easily characterized by long imbricated stipules, a feature also present in the Randia species and in several Gardenia species in New Caledonia. The aims of the present study are to test the monophyly of Atractocarpus and to assess the phylogenetic placement of the Randia and Gardenia species with long imbricated stipules within Gardenieae and specifically their relationships with taxa of the Porterandia group to which Atractocarpus belongs. Material and methods – We investigated 63 species of Pacific Gardenieae, with a focus on the Porterandia group, in a Bayesian phylogenetic reconstruction (cpDNA: trnTF and rpl32, and nrDNA: ITS). Key results – Our study provides a mostly supported consensus tree topology of the Porterandia group. Five Gardenia and seven Randia species fall within a clade that comprises the New Caledonian Atractocarpus species, rendering both Atractocarpus and Gardenia polyphyletic. Conclusion – We enlarge the delimitation of Atractocarpus to include 12 New Caledonian Randia and Gardenia species. New Caledonia is consequently confirmed as the centre of diversity for Atractocarpus with 31 species. According to our study, three genera of Gardenieae occur in the archipelago: Aidia, Gardenia, and Atractocarpus.

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MALM, TOBIAS, and KJELL ARNE JOHANSON. "Description of eleven new Triplectides species (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) from New Caledonia." Zootaxa 1816, no. 1 (July 4, 2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1816.1.1.

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The Oceanian country of New Caledonia has been shown to have a great diversity of Trichoptera, but prior to this work only 3 species from the large Leptoceridae genus Triplectides were known from there. Extensive sampling on the main island, Grande Terre, revealed 11 new species in the genus, as well as a male of the seemingly widespread species Triplectides australis. These 11 new species are here described and illustrated, and a key to males of the New Caledonian Triplectides species is provided. The new species are: T. mouiensis, new species; T. abnormalis, new species; T. minutus,new species; T. noumeiensis, new species; T. tigrinus, new species; T. koghiensis, new species; T. wardi, new species; T. nathaliae, new species; T. mariannae, new species; T. dawnae, new species; T. aequalichelatus, new species. Fifteen species within the genus are now known from New Caledonia; relative to land mass, this is a high diversity compared to the 25 species recorded from Australia.

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MOREL, JÉRÉMIE, and JÉRÔME MUNZINGER. "Novitates neocaledonicae. XIII. Taxonomy and nomenclature of the genus Xyris (Xyridaceae, Poales) in New Caledonia, with description of a new species." Phytotaxa 502, no. 3 (May 25, 2021): 219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.502.3.1.

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Three endemic species of Xyris (Xyridaceae, Poales) are currently recognized in New Caledonia. A recent multivariate analysis of 18 morphological characters based on 129 specimens of Xyris from New Caledonia, supported by 10 anatomical and micromorphological observations, suggested that three species should be recognized in the New Caledonian archipelago. However, the three published names did not correspond to the three entities identified via the multivariate analyses. The results showed that Xyris neocaledonia Rendle was morphologically distinct but requires lectotypification, Xyris guillauminii Conert was indistinct from X. pancheri Rendle, and that a new morphologically distinct species required description. We therefore propose to clarify the taxonomy of the genus for New Caledonia, by designating a lectotype, making this synonymy and describing the new species. The new species, Xyris desquamatus J.R.Morel & Munzinger, sp. nov., has the remarkable feature of leaves that are shed as the plant senesces, and is reflected in the specific epithet for this new species. Line drawings are provided for the new species, along with colour photos for the three New Caledonian Xyris species and a distribution map. Three identification keys are provided, the first based on vegetative characters, the second on reproductive characters and the third on anatomical features of the leaf. Xyris desquamatus is preliminarily assigned an IUCN risk of extinction assessment of vulnerable.

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Pignal, Marc, and Luciano Paganucci de Queiroz. "The genus Indigofera (Leguminosae) in New Caledonia: two new species and a key for the species." PhytoKeys 119 (March 20, 2019): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.119.32221.

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Indigoferamonierana M.Pignal & L.P.Queiroz, sp. nov. and Indigoferadumbeana M.Pignal & L.P.Queiroz, sp. nov., two new species from New Caledonia, are described and illustrated. Both new species have been collected for a long time, but most herbarium specimens were named as the Australian species Indigoferaaustralis, even though they clearly stand apart from this species and the other New Caledonian species of the genus. Indigoferamonierana can be diagnosed by the tall virgate shrubby habit, leaves with an articulate rachis and 7–11 widely obovate to orbiculate leaflets with greyish undersurface and almost invisible venation. Indigoferadumbeana can be recognized by the arborescent habit, leaves with 15–19 elliptical leaflets, small, c. 6 mm long flowers, and ellipsoid seeds. Preliminary IUCN assessments are provided for both species. A key is provided for all species of Indigofera recorded from New Caledonia.

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Will, Kipling, and Borislav Guéorguiev. "Phylogenetic systematics of the genera of Thryptocerina Jeannel, 1949 and new species from New Caledonia (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Oodini)." ZooKeys 1044 (June 16, 2021): 375–425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.63775.

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The Oodini precinctive to New Caledonia are reviewed with nine species recognized, of which seven are newly described in two genera. Five species are described in the genus Coptocarpus Chaudoir: C. micropssp. nov., C. erwinisp. nov., C. amieuensissp. nov., C. magnussp. nov., and C. leschenisp. nov. In the genus Adelopomorpha Heller two species, A. tethyssp. nov. and A. tuberculatasp. nov., are described. In order to place cladistically the newly described species in a genus, a phylogenetic analysis of a matrix of 36 characters of adult morphology was conducted including exemplar species of three putative outgroup genera, six putative ingroup thryptocerine oodine genera, and all oodine species from New Caledonia. Results show support for Thryptocerina and monophyly of Adelopomorpha. Hoplolenus LaFerté-Sénectère is not monophyletic and Hoplolenus cyllodinus Fauvel is newly combined as Coptocarpus cyllodinuscomb. nov. New Caledonian species of Coptocarpus form a clade, but the Australian species of the genus included in the analysis are rendered paraphyletic by African and Malagasy genera. Implications of this preliminary study for the classification of Oodini and trends in the evolution of the female reproductive tract are discussed. A key to the New Caledonian species of Oodini is provided.

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Gâteblé, Gildas, and Jérôme Munzinger. "Novitates neocaledonicae X: A very rare and threatened new microendemic species of Acropogon (Malvaceae, Sterculioideae) from New Caledonia." PhytoKeys 110 (October 26, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.110.27599.

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A new species, Acropogonhorarius Gâteblé & Munzinger, sp. nov. (Malvaceae, Sterculioideae), is described from New Caledonia. It is known only from two very small subpopulations in the rainforests of the Petchécara Pass between Thio and Canala, in the southeast of Grande-Terre, New Caledonia’s main island. This shrub to small tree has hastate leaves and minute sessile tubular whitish-yellowish flowers and is strikingly different from all other members of the genus. The type locality is geologically complex and located within one of only four amphibolite lenses known in New Caledonia. A line drawing and colour photos are provided for the new species, along with a preliminary risk of extinction assessment, which indicates that the species is Critically Endangered.

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VILKAMAA, PEKKA, HEIKKI HIPPA, and WERNER MOHRIG. "The genus Ctenosciara Tuomikoski (Diptera, Sciaridae) in New Caledonia, with the description of eight new species." Zootaxa 3255, no. 1 (April 3, 2012): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3255.1.2.

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The genus Ctenosciara Tuomikoski, 1960, includes the following species in New Caledonia, all newly described: Cteno-sciara cracens sp. n., C. crinita sp. n., C. depilis sp. n., C. depressa sp. n., C. exilis sp. n., C. inflata sp. n., C. lobigerasp. n. and C. obesa sp. n. Some of the species show for the genus previously unknown characters. A key to the New Caledonian species of Ctenosciara is provided.

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Chauchat, Mathias. "Kanaky New Caledonia." Contemporary Pacific 33, no. 2 (2021): 541–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2021.0053.

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Chauchat, Mathias. "Kanaky New Caledonia." Contemporary Pacific 34, no. 2 (2022): 466–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2022.0063.

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SHU, LEI, LI-NA ZHANG, CHATCHABA PROMMA, FRANK MÜLLER, and RUI-LIANG ZHU. "Lepidolejeunea novae-caledoniae (Piippo) R.L.Zhu & Frank Müll. (Marchantiophyta, Lejeuneaceae), stat. nov. from New Caledonia." Phytotaxa 253, no. 3 (March 29, 2016): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.253.3.9.

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New Caledonia is one of the biodiversity hotspots with bryophyte endemism estimated to be up to 39% (Thouvenot & Bardat 2010; Thouvenot et al. 2011). A total of 151 species in 28 genera of Lejeuneaceae have been recorded in this country (Thouvenot 2015; Thouvenot et al. 2015; Müller et al. 2016). Lepidolejeunea bidentula (Jack & Stephani 1894: 107) Schuster (1980: 425) is a widespread species in E Africa, Oceania, and SE Asia. Piippo (1986) described a new variety known only from New Caledonia, L. bidentula var. novae-caledoniae Piippo (1986: 26), based on MacKee’s collections from New Caledonia. Although this variety is easily separated from L. bidentula var. bidentula by the long falcate apical tooth, Piippo (1986) considered that this taxon deserved varietal rank owing to the lack of sufficient understanding of the androecia at that time. In the course of our studies on the taxonomy and phylogeny of Lejeuneaceae, we encountered a male plant of this taxon with rich androecia in F. Müller’s collections from New Caledonia. The male plant clearly showed that the androecia are usually intercalary on short or long branches, and that male bracteoles (3−4) are present throughout the androecium (Fig. 1). In Lepidolejeunea bidentula var. bidentula, on the other hand, male bracteoles are always restricted to the base of the androecia. Whether the male bracteoles are born throughout the androecium or restricted to the base is one of the most reliable characters in Lejeuneaceae (Mizutani 1961; Grolle & Zhu 2000; Zhu & So 2001). Comparison of samples of the two varieties revealed further morphological differences such as the relative size of the ocelli, a character already observed by Piippo (1986). Therefore, it is appropriate to raise the variety novae-caledoniae to specific rank.

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Mill, R. R., M. Ruhsam, P. I. Thomas, M. F. Gardner, and P. M. Hollingsworth. "ARAUCARIA GOROENSIS (ARAUCARIACEAE), A NEW MONKEY PUZZLE FROM NEW CALEDONIA, AND NOMENCLATURAL NOTES ON ARAUCARIA MUELLERI." Edinburgh Journal of Botany 74, no. 2 (February 15, 2017): 123–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960428617000014.

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Araucaria goroensis R.R.Mill & Ruhsam sp. nov., a new monkey puzzle species from New Caledonia, is described and illustrated with photographs from the field and from herbarium specimens. Previously confused with Araucaria muelleri, it is more similar to A. rulei. It is distinguished from the latter species by its larger leaves, microsporophylls without a shouldered base, and shorter female cone bracts. It occurs in a very limited area of south-east New Caledonia, where its existence is threatened by nickel mining. Using the guidelines of the International Union for Conservation of Nature, we propose an assessment of Endangered for the new species and reassess Araucaria muelleri also as Endangered. A key to the seven species in the ‘large-leaved clade’ of New Caledonian species of Araucaria is given. The name Eutassa latifolia de Laub. is synonymised with Araucaria muelleri, and the recent typification of the latter name by Vieillard 1276 is rejected. Detailed reasoning is given for these nomenclatural acts.

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Neilson, Briony. "“Moral Rubbish in Close Proximity”: Penal Colonization and Strategies of Distance in Australia and New Caledonia, c.1853–1897." International Review of Social History 64, no. 3 (July 10, 2019): 445–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859019000361.

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AbstractIn the second half of the nineteenth century, the two convict-built European settler colonial projects in Oceania, French New Caledonia and British Australia, were geographically close yet ideologically distant. Observers in the Australian colonies regularly characterized French colonization as backward, inhumane, and uncivilized, often pointing to the penal colony in New Caledonia as evidence. Conversely, French commentators, while acknowledging that Britain's transportation of convicts to Australia had inspired their own penal colonial designs in the South Pacific, insisted that theirs was a significantly different venture, built on modern, carefully preconceived methods. Thus, both sides engaged in an active practice of denying comparability; a practice that historians, in neglecting the interconnections that existed between Australia and New Caledonia, have effectively perpetuated. This article draws attention to some of the strategies of spatial and temporal distance deployed by the Australian colonies in relation to the bagne in New Caledonia and examines the nation-building ends that these strategies served. It outlines the basic context and contours of the policy of convict transportation for the British and the French and analyses discursive attempts to emphasize the distinctions between Australia and New Caledonia. Particular focus is placed on the moral panic in Australian newspapers about the alleged dangerous proximity of New Caledonia to the east coast of Australia. I argue that this moral panic arose at a time when Britain's colonies in Australia, in the process of being granted autonomy and not yet unified as a federated nation, sought recognition as reputable settlements of morally virtuous populations. The panic simultaneously emphasized the New Caledonian penal colony's geographical closeness to and ideological distance from Australia, thereby enabling Australia's own penal history to be safely quarantined in the past.

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Goarant, Cyrille, Fabrice Merien, Franck Berthe, Isabelle Mermoud, and Philippe Perolat. "Arbitrarily Primed PCR To Type Vibriospp. Pathogenic for Shrimp." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 3 (March 1, 1999): 1145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.3.1145-1151.1999.

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ABSTRACT A molecular typing study on Vibrio strains implicated in shrimp disease outbreaks in New Caledonia and Japan was conducted by using AP-PCR (arbitrarily primed PCR). It allowed rapid identification of isolates at the genospecies level and studies of infraspecific population structures of epidemiological interest. Clusters identified within the species Vibrio penaeicida were related to their area of origin, allowing discrimination between Japanese and New Caledonian isolates, as well as between those from two different bays in New Caledonia separated by only 50 km. Other subclusters of New Caledonian V. penaeicida isolates could be identified, but it was not possible to link those differences to accurate epidemiological features. This contribution of AP-PCR to the study of vibriosis in penaeid shrimps demonstrates its high discriminating power and the relevance of the epidemiological information provided. This approach would contribute to better knowledge of the ecology ofVibrio spp. and their implication in shrimp disease in aquaculture.

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FLECK, GÜNTHER. "A remarkable new synthemistid from New Caledonia (Odonata: Anisoptera: Synthemistidae s. str.). Taxonomic and phylogenetic note on New Caledonian Synthemistidae and erection of a new genus." Zootaxa 5403, no. 3 (January 22, 2024): 320–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5403.3.2.

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The new species, Calesynthemis jeanlegrandi sp. nov., dedicated to the late Jean Legrand, is described and illustrated based on a single pair of specimens from Mont Panié, New Caledonia. The male of this large species has unusual strongly sinuous and distally down curved white cerci 7 mm long and exhibits on abdominal segment 10 a remarkable clump of strong setae mimicking a dorsal horn. The female wingspan slightly exceeds 100 mm. In addition, on the basis of adult and larval characters, Neocaledosynthemis gen. nov. is erected to accommodate two other New Caledonian synthemistids, Synthemis fenella Campion (type species) and Synthemis ariadne Lieftinck. New Caledonian synthemistids are probably more closely related to Parasynthemis Carle than to Synthemis Selys Longchamps, both from Australia.

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Grandcolas, Philippe, Jérôme Murienne, Tony Robillard, Laure Desutter-Grandcolas, Hervé Jourdan, Eric Guilbert, and Louis Deharveng. "New Caledonia: a very old Darwinian island?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363, no. 1508 (September 2, 2008): 3309–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0122.

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New Caledonia has generally been considered a continental island, the biota of which largely dates back to Gondwanan times owing to its geological origin and the presence of phylogenetic relicts. This view is contradicted by geological evidence indicating long Palaeocene and Eocene submersions and by recent biogeographic and phylogenetic studies, with molecular or geophysical dating placing the biota no older than the Oligocene. Phylogenetic relicts do not provide conclusive information in this respect, as their presence cannot be explained by simple hypotheses but requires assumption of many ad hoc extinction events. The implication of this new scenario is that all the New Caledonian biota colonized the island since 37 Ma Local richness can be explained by local radiation and adaptation after colonization but also by many dispersal events, often repeated within the same groups of organisms. Local microendemism is another remarkable feature of the biota. It seems to be related to recent speciation mediated by climate, orography, soil type and perhaps unbalanced biotic interactions created by colonization disharmonies. New Caledonia must be considered as a very old Darwinian island, a concept that offers many more fascinating opportunities of study.

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Journal articles on the topic 'New Caledonia'

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