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1
Gallery, Saatchi, ed. New order: British art today. [London]: Saatchi Gallery, 2013.
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Seidel, Gill. The white discursive order: The British New Right's discourse on cultural racism with particular reference to the Salisbury Review. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1987.
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4
Guida, Michael. Listening to British Nature. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190085537.001.0001.
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This cultural history of early twentieth-century Britain shows how the sounds and rhythms of the natural world were listened to, interpreted, and used amid the pressures of modern life. The book argues that despite and sometimes because of the chaos of wartime and the struggle to recover, nature’s voices were drawn close to provide everyday security, sustenance, and a sense of the future. Nature’s sonic presences were not obliterated by the noise of war, the advent of radio broadcasting, and the rush of the everyday, rather they came to complement and provide alternatives to modern modes of living. This book examines how trench warfare demanded the creation of new listening cultures in order to understand danger and to imagine survival. It tells of the therapeutic communities who used quiet and rural rhythms to restore shell-shocked soldiers, and of ramblers who sought to immerse themselves in the sensualities of the outdoors. It shows how home front listening in the Blitz was punctuated by birdsong, broadcast by the BBC. In focusing on the sensing of sounds and rhythms, this study demonstrates how nature retained its emotional potency as the pace and unpredictabilities of life seemed to increase and new man-made sounds and sonic media appeared all around. To listen to nature, in relation to the changing soundscape of the modernizing world, was to cultivate an intimate connection with its vibrations and to sense an enduring order and beauty that could be part of the future.
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Oxley, John. Journals of Two Expeditions into the Interior of New South Wales: Undertaken by Order of the British Government in the Years 1817-18. HardPress, 2020.
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Food and Rural Affairs Committee Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Environment and Anne McIntosh. Draft British Waterways Board Order 2012 and the Draft Inland Waterways Advisory Council Order 2012: Oral and Written Evidence, Tuesday 13 March 2012, [Tony Hales, Chairman, British Waterways and Chair of Canal and River Trust Transition Trustees, Robin Evans, Chief Executive, British Waterways, and John Kittmer, Head of British Waterways Sponsorship and New Waterways Charity Project, Defra; Clive Henderson, Chairman, Inland Waterways Association, and Howard Pridding, Executive Director, British. Stationery Office, The, 2012.
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7
Alford, Sarah. Art Botany in British Design Reform, 1835-1865. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350350564.
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Drawing on the fields of design history and the history of science, this book examines the important role that botanical science played in the emergence of Victorian design theory. In early 19th-century Britain, a rapid influx of plants from other countries began to confuse the orders of classification. As these new specimens arrived in nurseries and conservatories, botanists revised and promoted a new taxonomy: the Natural System. In parallel, in 1835, British manufacturers faced a government inquiry in order to improve the output of the British design industry. They needed a nationally identifiable design aesthetic and the inquiry led to the creation of the Government Schools of Design and the Design Reform movement. This book explores how, whilst botanists used drawings to clarify new systems of plant classification, designers learnt ‘art botany’, the practice of basing decorative form and ornament on the hidden, natural laws that govern plant growth and structure. Design reformers used botany as a model for how to create and identify what is new and incorporate it into what was already familiar and meaningful, all within the purview of developing a professional field of practice. Sarah Alford provides a rich, interdisciplinary study of how the fields of design and botanical science came together. Through a framework of material culture, Alford sheds new light on the work of leading botanists, designers and illustrators such as Sarah Drake, John Lindley, Richard Redgrave, Owen Jones and Christopher Dresser. This book reveals how the designation of what design reformers deemed appropriate for the surface decoration of material structures as varied as carpets, jugs, wallpaper, and furniture, was an embrace of botanical science as a source of fantasy and imagination.
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Barylo, William. British Muslims in the Neoliberal Empire. Oxford University PressOxford, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/9780198924975.001.0001.
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Abstract Muslims in Europe and North America have been under scrutiny since 9/11 and have faced numerous barriers to attain financial stability, media visibility, and political representation. From the occupation of lands, the world has entered the era of the occupation of minds. State strategies have evolved to offer a dangerous gamble to people from post-colonial diasporas: remain at the margins or silently blend in for the sake of an illusory liberation. Power-hungry Muslim politicians in elite private clubs, politically apathetic social media influencers, multi-million-pound neo-colonial ‘humanitarian’ charities, Muslim far-right sympathizers, and Muslim white supremacists are examples of metacolonialism, turning the oppressed into the new oppressors. Under the promise of financial stability and representation, it has effectively put God for sale at the cost of people’s culture, ethics, identity, and faith. However, in the wake of social justice movements, Muslim activists, artists, and community organizers in Britain have crafted creative responses inspired by their faith in order to resist, heal, and flourish despite minimal resources and support. Informal and independent from institutions, they have established pioneering alternatives in the fields of mental health, community organizing, the protection of the environment, heritage, the arts, and more. Since leadership divides, they have undertaken a duty of stewardship: considering the world and humanity as a one ecosystem that one needs to care for future generation. This work is both a diagnosis and a toolkit looking at the initiatives that reshape public debates and offering working ideas for building a fair and just society.
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Ferris, Natalie. Abstraction in Post-War British Literature 1945-1980. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198852698.001.0001.
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This book traces a line of literary experimentation in post-war British literature that was prompted by the aesthetic, philosophical, and theoretical demands of abstraction. Spanning the period 1945 to 1980, it observes the ways in which certain aesthetic advancements initiated new forms of literary expression to posit a new genealogy of interdisciplinary practice in Britain. It is the first sustained chronological study to consider the ways in which a select number of British poets, authors, and critics challenged the received views of their post-war moment in the discovery of the imaginative and idealizing potential of abstraction. At a time in which Britain became conscious of its evolving identity within an increasingly globalized context, this study accounts for the range of Continental and Transatlantic influences in order to more accurately locate the networks at play. Exploring the contributions made by individuals, such as Herbert Read, Ian Hamilton Finlay, and Christine Brooke-Rose, as well as by groups of practitioners, such as the British concrete poetry movement, small press initiatives, and Art & Language, and bringing a wide range of previously unexplored archival material into the public domain, this book offers a comprehensive account of the evolving status of abstraction across cultural, institutional, and literary contexts. The discussions build a vision of an era that increasingly jettisons the predetermined critical lexicon of abstraction to generate works of a more pragmatic abstract inspiration: the spatial demands of concrete poetry, language as medium in the conceptual artwork, the absence of linear plot in the new novel. The post-war period, this book suggests, was witness to the intensification of the meeting between spatiality and visuality in literature.
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Sailing Directions for the Coast of North America Between Cape Canso in Nova Scotia and New York [microform]: Compiled Principally from the Surveys Made by Order of the British and UnitedStates Governments. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2021.
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The Cleveland era: A chronicle of the new order in politics. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997.
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Lambert, Nicholas A. The War Lords and the Gallipoli Disaster. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197545201.001.0001.
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This book offers a new history of an old subject: the genesis of Britain’s disastrous 1915 Dardanelles campaign. It also offers a new history of a new subject—the strategic implications of globalization—because in order to comprehend the former, it is necessary to grasp the latter. Thanks to the development of the international wheat market during the late nineteenth century, the British government came to realize that the national dependence upon imported food had become the Achilles heel of the British Empire. The book shows how the disruption of the global wheat trade during the early months of the First World War exceeded the government’s worst nightmare. By January 1915, the rising price of bread and consequent threat of social unrest required a political response. It came in the form of a seemingly unrelated event: the disastrous British attack at Gallipoli in the spring of 1915. Contrary to all previous narratives which argue this was done for the military–strategic objective of relieving pressure on the Western Front, this books demonstrates that the British government authorized the attack for mainly political–economic reasons: to open the flow of grain from Russia through the Dardanelles in order to bring down the politically dangerous level of bread prices in Britain, and to enable Russia to export wheat and earn foreign exchange that would obviate the need for huge British loans to support its war effort. In so doing, the book offers a case study of grand strategic policymaking under pressure.
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Hanusse, Claire. Looking South-East. Edited by Christopher Gerrard and Alejandra Gutiérrez. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198744719.013.39.
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This chapter presents a selection of topics in French later medieval archaeology which are relevant to a British context, such as landscape archaeology, villages and agriculture, towns and building traditions, power and belief, and burial rites. The development of ‘preventive’ or developer-led archaeology has had a significant impact in France, not just on techniques such as large-scale stripping of rural sites and associated landscapes but also for the development of new themes such as bioarchaeology. In towns many studies now combine the study of buried structures with surviving buildings, textual sources and plan analysis. Themes such as power and belief, crafts and industry and funerary practices are summarized and may be compared against British perspectives. Among products exported to Britain were salt, stone from Caen which was cut to order and then shipped, and pottery.
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Grewal, J. S. The Colonial Context. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199467099.003.0002.
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The British evolved an elaborate administrative structure to ensure peace and order for exploiting the material and human resources of the Punjab. The new means of communication and transportation based on western technology served their economic, political, and administrative purposes. A new system of education was introduced chiefly to produce personnel for the middle and lower rungs of administration. The Christian missionaries were closely aligned with the administrators in this project, primarily for gaining converts to Christianity. The socio-economic change brought about by the colonial rule led to a number of movements for socio-religious reform, followed by a new kind of political awakening in the Punjab as in the rest of British India. The political aspirations of Indians were met only partially by the Government of India Act, 1919.
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Melman, Billie. Empires of Antiquities. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824558.001.0001.
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Empires of Antiquities is a history of the rediscovery of the imperial civilizations of the ancient Near East in a modern imperial order that evolved between the outbreak of the First World War and the decolonization of the British Empire in the 1950s. It explores the ways in which near eastern antiquity was redefined and experienced, becoming the subject of imperial regulation, modes of enquiry, and international and national politics. A series of globally publicized spectacular archaeological discoveries in Iraq, Egypt, and Palestine, which the book follows, made antiquity material visible and accessible as never before. The book demonstrates that the new definition and uses of antiquity and their relations to modernity were inseparable from the emergence of the post-war international imperial order, transnational collaboration and crises, the aspirations of national groups, and collisions between them and the British mandatories. It uniquely combines a history of the internationalization of archaeology and the rise of a new “regime of antiquities” under the oversight of the League of Nations and its institutions, a history of British attitudes to, and passion for, near eastern antiquity and on-the-ground colonial policies and mechanisms, as well as nationalist claims on the past. It points to the centrality of the new mandate system, particularly mandates classified A in Mesopotamia/Iraq, Palestine, and Transjordan, formerly governed by the Ottoman Empire, and of Egypt, in the new archaeological regime. Drawing on an unusually wide range of materials collected in archives in six countries, as well as on material and visual evidence, the book weaves together imperial, international, and national histories, and the history of archaeological discovery which it connects to imperial modernity.
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Vaughn, James M. The Politics of Empire at the Accession of George III. Yale University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300208269.001.0001.
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This book challenges the scholarly consensus that British India and the Second Empire were founded in “a fit of absence of mind.” The book instead argues that the origins of the Raj and the largest empire of the modern world were rooted in political conflicts and movements in Britain. It was British conservatives who shaped the Second Empire into one of conquest and dominion, emphasizing the extraction of resources and the subjugation of colonial populations. The book shows how the East India Company was transformed from a corporation into an imperial power in the service of British political forces opposed to the rising radicalism of the period. The Company's dominion in Bengal, where it raised territorial revenue and maintained a large army, was an autocratic bulwark of Britain's established order. The book offers an important new understanding of the era and its global ramifications.
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Colgan, Jeff D. Partial Hegemony. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197546376.001.0001.
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When and why does international order change? Easy to take for granted, international governing arrangements shape our world. They allow us to eat food imported from other countries, live safely from nuclear war, travel to foreign cities, profit from our savings, and much else. New threats, including climate change and simmering US-China hostility, lead many to worry that the “liberal order,” or the US position within it, is at risk. Theorists often try to understand that situation by looking at other cases of great power decline, like the British Empire or even ancient Athens. Yet so much is different about those cases that we can draw only imperfect lessons from them. A better approach is to look at how the United States itself already lost much of its international dominance, in the 1970s, in the realm of oil. Only now, with several decades of hindsight, can we fully appreciate it. The experiences of that partial decline in American hegemony, and the associated shifts in oil politics, can teach us a lot about general patterns of international order. Leaders and analysts can apply those lessons when seeking to understand or design new international governing arrangements on topics ranging from climate change to peacekeeping, and nuclear proliferation to the global energy transition.
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Clark, Christopher. Colonial America. Edited by William Doyle. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199291205.013.0030.
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The British American colonies embodied such social, economic, and political diversity that they did not, of course, constitute a single “old order” any more than Europe did. They had evolved from different origins: English, Dutch, and Scandinavian; and under an array of influences: Native American, French, African, Irish, Scottish, German. Even the two oldest areas of English settlement, the Chesapeake region and New England, differed markedly. In New England, where early settlement involved whole families, and where sex ratios quickly achieved a rough parity, seventeenth-century settlers set patterns for longevity and demographic robustness that were sustained throughout the colonial period.
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Barnett, Paul. The Second Epistle to the Corinthians. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/bci-000b.
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This statement reflects the underlying purpose of The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Begun in the late 1940s by an international team of New Testament scholars, the NICNT series has become recognized by pastors, students, and scholars alike as a critical yet orthodox commentary marked by solid biblical scholarship within the evangelical Protestant tradition. While based on a thorough study of the Greek text, the commentary introductions and expositions contain a minimum of Greek references. The NICNT authors evaluate significant textual problems and take into account the most important exegetical literature. More technical aspects — such as grammatical, textual, and historical problems — are dealt with in footnotes, special notes, and appendixes. Under the general editorship of three outstanding New Testament scholars — first Ned Stonehouse (Westminster Theological Seminary, Philadelphia), then F. F. Bruce (University of Manchester, England), and now Gordon D. Fee (Regent College, Vancouver, British Columbia) — the NICNT series has continued to develop over the years. In order to keep the commentary “new” and conversant with contemporary scholarship, the NICNT volumes have been — and will be — revised or replaced as necessary. The newer NICNT volumes in particular take into account the role of recent rhetorical and sociological inquiry in elucidating the meaning of the text, and they also exhibit concern for the theology and application of the text. As the NICNT series is ever brought up to date, it will continue to find ongoing usefulness as an established guide to the New Testament text.
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Gamble, Andrew. After Brexit and Other Essays. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529217094.001.0001.
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This book contains a selection of articles and papers by Andrew Gamble on political economy and British politics which have appeared over the last forty years. The essays attempt to understand the shifting agendas, issues, outcomes and debates in British politics through an analysis of the political economy of the British state, exploring the historical, institutional, and ideological contexts which have shaped it. The book has four main themes – political economy, Europe and America, Thatcherism, and the British constitution. It provides a frame for thinking about how the increasing Europeanisation of Britain’s laws, institutions, policy-making processes and its regulatory regime over the four decades of membership intersected with other domestic issues and debates, including the response to the relative decline and poor performance of the economy, the character of Britain’s hybrid Anglo-liberal model of capitalism, the reshaping of the post-war Keynesian welfare state, the rise and fall of Thatcherism, the transformation of both the Conservative and Labour parties, the relationship between Britain and the United States, the new regulatory state, and the changing constitutional order. The book includes a biographical introduction, notes on the essays and an epilogue which reflects on what the essays got wrong and what they got right.
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Pierson, Christopher. The Next Welfare State? Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447361190.001.0001.
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This book considers the state of the British welfare regime after COVID-19 and the prospects for progressive change. It considers what has happened to the welfare state as a ‘strategy of equality’ in the past twenty-five years and whether and how this aspiration might be rebuilt in the future. It begins with a detailed assessment of the welfare record under recent Conservative governments (2010-2020) and under New Labour (1997-2010). It then traces an alternative (and forgotten) history of thinking about welfare and social change in and around the Labour Party in the period 1920-1980. Chapter Four considers the big challenges that face the welfare order after COVID-19: ageing, a changing world of work, and climate change. The fifth chapter assesses the impact on welfare and the public finances of the first year of COVID-19. The Conclusion outlines what we would need to do now to build a new ‘strategy of equality’ after the pandemic.
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Paugh, Katherine. The Curious Case of Mary Hylas. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789789.003.0003.
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The circulation of medical knowledge about fertility, pregnancy, and childbirth, both in the Atlantic world and on plantations in the Americas, is reflected in plantation management manuals written by British doctors who lived and worked in the Caribbean. Although midwives presided over most births on plantations during the age of abolition, doctors became increasingly concerned with solving the problem of infertility. Plantation doctors elaborated theories, grounded in European medical traditions, about the delivery of Afro-Caribbean children and the causes of Afro-Caribbean infertility. Sexual promiscuity and consequent venereal disease figured large among these supposed causes. The story of Matthew Lewis, who grew up in England and traveled to Jamaica for the first time as an adult in order to reform management practices on two plantations inherited from his father, provides a case study in the deployment of new plantation management practices designed to promote reproduction and recommended by British doctors.
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Presler, Titus. Witness, Advocacy, and Union. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199643011.003.0018.
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During the twentieth century indigenous leadership and mission initiative moved Anglicanism in South Asia from a British colonial identity to ecclesial autonomy and then to organic union with Protestant bodies in order to strengthen Christian proclamation and social advocacy amid the dominant Hindu, Muslim, and Buddhist populations of the subcontinent. This chapter addresses successively the early decades, mission in mass movements, local leadership and self-governance, and the distinctive drive towards church union that resulted in the Church of South India, the Church of North India, the Church of Pakistan, the Church of Bangladesh, and an unsuccessful union initiative for the Church of Ceylon. While new ecclesial identities now occupy centre stage, strong Anglican influences in the governance, liturgies, and public advocacy of the united Churches sustain their membership in the Anglican Communion and their place in the continuing global Anglican story.
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Smith, Alex. Ritual Deposition. Edited by Martin Millett, Louise Revell, and Alison Moore. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199697731.013.035.
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The nature of sacred space and forms of ritual expression varied tremendously across Roman Britain, and our understanding of some aspects has increased significantly in recent years, both because there have been a number of new excavations and/or publications and also because a more contextual view has been taken of the evidence. This chapter provides an overview of the practice of Romano-British ritual deposition, both within and outside of explicitly religious contexts. In particular, the chapter examines ‘special deposits’ within settlement contexts, exploring the detailed contextual analysis of object and place in order to understand the motivations behind such acts.
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Duffy, James P. The Sinking of the Laconia and the U-Boat War. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216014966.
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Packed with rich detail and analysis, this exciting tale of war at sea relates the dramatic and moving true story of the sinking of the British liner Laconia and its consequences for the conduct of marine warfare. Duffy discusses in rich detail the dire and dramatic true story of the sinking of the British Liner Laconia by the dreaded U-Boat 156, a vessel crowded with 1800 Italian POWs, 103 Polish soldiers, and 463 officers and crew. As Laconia went down, U-156 surfaced and sent a signal that brought two other U-boats, an Italian submarine, and three Vichy French warships to assist with rescue operations. But on the morning of September 16, a U.S. bomber flew over U-156, now packed with several hundred Laconia survivors. The crew unfurled a large Red Cross flag. Nevertheless, the submarine was attacked. The Laconia survivors were ordered over the side into lifeboats. Damaged, U-156 left the area as other U-boats commenced rescue operations. In the wake of the incident, German Admiral Karl Donitz issued the Laconia Order demanding that all attempts to rescue Allied survivors of merchant ships be ended. The order provoked an international outcry against inhumane treatment of survivors stranded at sea. In the aftermath of the war, Donitz was charged and acquitted of war crimes in connection with this order.
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Kennedy, Gregory C., and Keith Neilson, eds. Incidents and International Relations. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400669453.
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Historians often ignore, treat cursorily, or relegate to footnotes specific incidents in international relations in order to facilitate the construction of a larger narrative. The contributors to this volume argue that researchers do so to their peril, as individual or seemingly isolated incidents can play significant roles in the overall course of history. Incidents are crucial in determining the mental maps that decision makers form regarding the countries and individuals with whom they interact. Incidents can either initiate or block new policies with consequences that are both far-reaching and unexpected. People make foreign policy and an understanding of what elements of an incident were important to these individuals at key points essential to an appreciation of policies subsequently advocated. How individuals view other cultures and nations, how they react to the actions of such nations, and their perceptions of such actions all form key components in this study. Using a variety of examples, these essays show the value of detailed examinations of events, illuminating such matters as British policy in the Far East, French imperial policy, Italian military actions in the interwar period, British attitudes toward Hitler, and the effect of the Soviet Union on British thinking in the 1930s.
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Miller, Sarah-Louise. Women in Allied Naval Intelligence in the Second World War. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350402256.
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Closely examining the work of women in the US and British naval services towards Allied naval intelligence during the Second World War, this book focuses on their contributions during the Battle of the Atlantic and Pacific Naval War, in order to shed new light on arenas of war from which women’s narratives are almost always absent. Including personal testimonies from those involved, and surveying a wide cross-section of different roles, Sarah-Louise Miller analyses the work of women at every level and rank in the US and British naval services, and offers a much wider picture of how they assisted the Allied forces behind closed doors. With exploration of the work of the WRNS and WAVES on developing naval intelligence, this book argues that they played a crucial role in the British and American SIGINT systems, and within programs such as those at Bletchley Park and OP-20-G – therefore directly impacting the organisation and outcome of Anglo-American naval efforts. Including analysis of the development of the modern ‘kill-chain’, Miller also re-evaluates the effect of the ‘combat taboo’, to demonstrate that the WRNS and WAVES were in fact at the cutting edge of the emergence of modern warfare.
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Aston, Nigel, and Benjamin Bankurst, eds. Negotiating Toleration. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804222.001.0001.
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The year 1714 was a revolutionary one for Dissenters across the British Empire. The Hanoverian Succession upended a political and religious order antagonistic to Protestant non-conformity and replaced it with a regime that was, ostensibly, sympathetic to the Whig interest. The death of Queen Anne and the dawn of Hanoverian Rule presented Dissenters with fresh opportunities and new challenges as they worked to negotiate and legitimize afresh their place in the polity. The essays in this collection examine how Dissenters and their allies in a range of geographic contexts confronted and adapted to the Hanoverian order. Collectively, they argue that though generally overlooked compared to the Glorious Revolution of 1688–9 or the 1707 Act of Union, 1714 was a pivotal moment with far reaching consequences for Dissenters at home and abroad. By decentralizing the narrative beyond England and exploring dissenting reactions in Scotland, Ireland and North America, the authors in this volume demonstrate the extent to which the Succession influenced the politics and touched the lives of ordinary people across the British Atlantic world. As well as offering a thorough breakdown of confessional tensions within Britain during the short and medium terms, this volume also marks the first attempt to look at the complex interaction between religious communities in consequence of the Hanoverian Succession.
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Johanson, Graeme. Colonial Editions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199609932.003.0004.
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This chapter describes a colonial edition and considers its role in the patterns of the entire export trade in British books from the 1840s onwards. A colonial edition is categorized as a new setting of type (a true edition), a separate impression from the same type, a separate issue, a reissue, or other types of book which do not fit neatly into a prescriptive bibliographical scheme. Colonial editions were produced to appear distinctive, in order to market them as reliable series of quality, and to prevent them being sold in the United Kingdom, where new novels cost at least twice as much per title as in the colonies. They were a cornerstone of the book trade to South Africa between the South African War (1899–1902) and World War One (1914–1918).
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MacNiven, Robbie. German Troops in the American Revolution (2). Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781472840189.
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Fully illustrated, this is the second volume in a detailed study of the German auxiliary troops who fought for Britain in the American Revolutionary War. During the American Revolutionary War (1775–83), German auxiliary troops provided a vital element of the British war effort. While the largest body of German troops was from Hessen-Cassel (see the first volume of this study), the British also fielded troops from Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, Hessen-Hanau, Waldeck and Pyrmont, Brandenburg Ansbach and Brandenburg-Bayreuth, and Anhalt-Zerbst. This volume also covers the Hanoverian soldiers involved in the sieges of Gibraltar and Menorca. Fighting on a host of battlefields from Saratoga to Yorktown, these hired soldiers provided the Crown Forces with much-needed manpower and contributed crucial combat skills in the form of theJäger, renowned specialists in open-order warfare. Featuring eight specially commissioned artwork plates and an array of carefully chosen illustrations, many in colour, this lively study examines the organization, uniforms, weapons and equipment of these troops who fought for King George in the New World.
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Davie, Grace. Religion, Territory, and Choice. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198798071.003.0017.
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This core of this chapter describes and explains a paradox in the religious life of modern Europe: without doubt, Europe is more secular than it used to be, but in terms of public debate, religion is rising rather than falling in significance. The factors that lie behind this seeming contradiction are explored both singly and together. They include deeply embedded cultural factors, the shifts in the historic churches, new forms of religious life, new arrivals, and secular reactions. In each case, the comparison with the American case is carefully considered. The initial sections of the chapter set this comparison in a global context, noting key dates in the reconfiguration of the modern world order and the place of religion in these. The chapter concludes with a brief consideration of the British case—pulled structurally towards Europe and culturally towards the United States.
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Navarro, Jaume. Ether and Wireless. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797258.003.0008.
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This chapter explores the ways in which the ether saw its popularity renewed by its link to the modern wireless technologies. With the creation of the BBC in 1922, wireless sets ceased to be obscure devices for military and commercial communication and became household goods to entertain the British middle classes. Wireless amateurs, electrical engineers, inventors and specialised physicists engaged in a cultural exchange among themselves and with the general public in order to explain and understand the mechanisms and possibilities of the new technology. This created a new arena for discussions on the existence of the ether at a time when highly esoteric physics (mainly relativity, but also quantum physics) had triggered a debate on its very existence. This chapter argues that radio broadcasting was instrumental for the concept of the ether to remain popular among wireless amateurs, engineers and the general public in the 1920s and early 1930s.
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Dorsett, Shaunnagh. Traditions. Edited by Markus D. Dubber and Christopher Tomlins. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198794356.013.41.
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This chapter examines legal encounters and legal relations between Indigenous peoples in both Australia and New Zealand and the British Empire. It looks at court decisions as a source of historical material in order to suggest two contact points between jurisdictions through which to think about indigenous laws and settler laws. It focuses on only two instances of contact: the colonial and the present. In many ways this choice reproduces ongoing gaps in tracing and thinking about legal encounters with Aboriginal law in Australia and, to a lesser extent, in New Zealand. Scholarship on legal encounter has tended to be centred on the colonial period to the detriment of the later nineteenth century and much of the twentieth century. The chapter looks at the ways in which colonial and modern law engaged/s with aboriginal law from the perspective of the colonizer, not the colonized.
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Curthoys, Mark. Heather Ellis, Generational Conflict and University Reform. Oxford in an Age of Revolution (Leiden/Boston: Brill, 2012), viii + 257. ISBN: 9789004225527; E-ISBN: 9789004233164. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807025.003.0015.
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This chapter reviews the book Generational Conflict and University Reform. Oxford in an Age of Revolution (2012), by Heather Ellis. The book examines the changes in the curriculum, examination system, and institutional structures at the University of Oxford between 1714 and 1854 in the light of what it considers a growing tension between undergraduates and their tutors. It argues that generational conflict between seniors and juniors was a key factor in the reform process at Oxford. It also points to the revolutionary tendencies of Oxford students, hitherto regarded as overwhelmingly conservative and supportive of the established order, while also calling into question the assumed cohesion of the British elite. The book treats the university’s new examination statue of 1800 as a pivotal moment.
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Wetherell, Sam. Foundations. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691193755.001.0001.
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This book is a history of twentieth-century Britain told through the rise, fall, and reinvention of six different types of urban space: the industrial estate, shopping precinct, council estate, private flats, shopping mall, and suburban office park. The book shows how these spaces transformed Britain's politics, economy, and society, helping forge a mid-century developmental state and shaping the rise of neoliberalism after 1980. From the mid-twentieth-century, spectacular new types of urban space were created in order to help remake Britain's economy and society. Government-financed industrial estates laid down infrastructure to entice footloose capitalists to move to depressed regions of the country. Shopping precincts allowed politicians to plan precisely for postwar consumer demand. Public housing modernized domestic life and attempted to create new communities out of erstwhile strangers. In the latter part of the twentieth-century many of these spaces were privatized and reimagined as their developmental aims were abandoned. Industrial estates became suburban business parks. State-owned shopping precincts became private shopping malls. The council estate was securitized and enclosed. New types of urban space were imported from American suburbia, and planners and politicians became increasingly skeptical that the built environment could remake society. With the mid-century built environment becoming obsolete, British neoliberalism emerged in tense negotiation with the awkward remains of built spaces that had to be navigated and remade. The book highlights how some of the major transformations of twentieth-century British history were forged in the everyday spaces where people lived, worked, and shopped.
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Teoh, Karen M. Barrier against Evil, Encouragement for Good. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190495619.003.0003.
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The development of English-language girls’ schools in Malaya and Singapore began with their origins as providers of social welfare services and was tied to their role in overseas Chinese socioeconomic mobility. This chapter looks at the role of Catholic and Protestant missionaries, particularly the Order of the Infant Jesus, as well as the British administration in founding a large network of English girls’ schools. Although they introduced new possibilities for women, these schools also reinforced imperial hierarchies of gender, class, and race. While significant portions of the overseas Chinese community saw these schools as opportunities for improving their social status, other factions saw them as foreign institutions that undermined the integrity of Chinese identity. English-educated overseas Chinese women became committed to a path of linguistic and cultural transmission that led them closer to a new hybrid colonial identity and further from their Chinese-educated peers, causing the growth of intra-ethnic tension.
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Green, Jeremy. The Political Economy of the Special Relationship. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691197326.001.0001.
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This book studies how America's global financial power was created and shaped through its special relationship with Britain. The rise of global finance in the latter half of the twentieth century has long been understood as one chapter in a larger story about the postwar growth of the United States. This book challenges this popular narrative. Revealing the Anglo-American origins of financial globalization, the book sheds new light on Britain's hugely significant, but often overlooked, role in remaking international capitalism alongside America. Drawing from new archival research, the book questions the conventional view of international economic history as a series of cyclical transitions among hegemonic powers. Instead, it explores the longstanding interactive role of private and public financial institutions in Britain and the United States—most notably the close links between their financial markets, central banks, and monetary and fiscal policies. The book shows that America's unparalleled post-WWII financial power was facilitated, and in important ways constrained, by British capitalism, as the United States often had to work with and through British politicians, officials, and bankers to achieve its vision of a liberal economic order. Transatlantic integration and competition spurred the rise of the financial sector, an increased reliance on debt, a global easing of regulation, the ascendance of monetarism, and the transition to neoliberalism. From the gold standard to the recent global financial crisis and beyond, this book recasts the history of global finance through the prism of Anglo-American development.
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Copley, Jack. Governing Financialization. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192897015.001.0001.
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Capitalism has become ‘financialized’. Since the 1970s, the swelling of financial markets and asset price bubbles has occurred alongside weaker underlying economic growth. Yet financialization was not a spontaneous market development—it was rather deeply political. States fuelled this process through policies of financial liberalization. Britain lies at the heart of this story. The British state’s radical financial liberalizations in the 1970s and 1980s were instrumental in creating a financialized global economic order in which the City of London emerged as a central hub. But why did the British state propel financialization? The conventional wisdom points to the lobbying power of financial elites and the strength of neoliberal ideology. However, this book offers an alternative explanation through an in-depth exploration of declassified state archives. By examining key financial liberalizations in the 1970s and 1980s—including the notorious ‘Big Bang’—this book argues that these policies were not part of an intentional scheme to create a new finance-led economic model. Instead, they were designed to address immediate governing dilemmas related to the grinding ‘stagflation’ crisis and its aftershocks. In this era, British governments found themselves trapped between global competitive pressures to enforce painful domestic adjustment and national political pressures to maintain existing living standards. Financial liberalization was pursued in a trial-and-error manner to navigate this dilemma. By unleashing financial markets, the state hoped to either postpone the worst effects of the crisis, or enact tough economic restructuring in an arm’s-length fashion. Financialization was an accidental outcome, not an intentional result.
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Palmer, R. R. Britain: Republicanism and the Establishment. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691161280.003.0030.
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This chapter focuses on England during the revolutionary decade. It argues that in Britain and Ireland, as in Eastern Europe, it was counter-revolution that prevailed. The net effect of the revolutionary decade was to demonstrate, or to consolidate, the strength of the established order. The very lengths to which the established order went, however, in dealing with disaffection (or what was called “sedition”) offer a measure of the magnitude of the discontents. The men who ruled England were not the sort to be frightened by witches. The British governing class was neither timid, foolish, intolerant, nor especially ruthless when unprovoked. That Englishmen of this class became fearful of unrest at home, intolerant of ideas or organizations suggesting those of the French Revolution, repressive in Britain, and deliberately terroristic in Ireland can be taken as evidence of the reality of something of which, from their own point of view, they had reason to be afraid. In England as elsewhere there was a contest between democrats and aristocrats.
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Palmer, R. R. The Republics at Rome and Naples. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691161280.003.0027.
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This chapter focuses the peace that prevailed on the Continent from the signing of the treaty of Campo Formio in October 1797 to the attack on Rome by the King of Naples in November 1798, which proved to be the opening episode in the War of the Second Coalition, and hence of the grand climax or confrontation in 1799 between the Old Regime and the New Republican Order. It argues that the peace was no more than a semi-peace. On the one hand, neither France nor Austria could accept the terms of Campo Formio with any finality. Each looked for bastions against the other in Switzerland and Italy. On the other hand, France with its Dutch ally remained at war with Great Britain. While British diplomacy worked to bring Continental armies back into the field against France, the French first threatened to invade England and support revolution in Ireland, then redirected their fleet and army into the expedition to Egypt, from which it was hoped that Bonaparte could counteract the growth of British power in the Indian Ocean, where both French and Dutch interests were at stake. The Egyptian campaign transferred the Anglo-French conflict to the Mediterranean and the Near East.
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Fleming, N. C., and James H. Murphy, eds. Ireland and Partition. Liverpool University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781949979879.001.0001.
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Ireland and Partition: Contexts and Consequences brings together multiple perspectives on this key and timely theme in Irish history, from the international dimension to its impact on social and economic questions, alongside fresh perspectives on the changing political positions adopted by Irish nationalists, Ulster Unionists, and British Conservatives. It examines the gestation of partition through to its implementation in 1921 as well as the many consequences that followed. The chapters, written by experts based in Ireland, Northern Ireland, Great Britain and the United States, include new scholars alongside contributions from authorities in their fields. Together, they consider partition from a variety of often overlooked angles, from its local impact on the ground through to its place in the post-1918 international order and diplomatic relations, its implications for political violence and security policy, and its consequences for sport and economics, through to its capacity to divide both nationalism and unionism from within. This book places the current questions about the future of partition, resulting from ‘Brexit’ and the centenary of partition in 2021, in a fuller perspective. It is relevant to those with an interest in Irish History and Irish Studies, as well as British History, European History and Peace Studies.
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Wind, Marlene. Brexit and Euroskepticism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198811763.003.0011.
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Doomsdays preachers suggested that Brexit and Trump would mean the end of the liberal world order as we know it and thus the end of the EU. The research presented here suggests the opposite. Not only have Europeans turned their back to populism by voting yes to reforms and pro-EU-parties and governments in different member states over the past months, but Brexit and Trump also seems to have given a complete new momentum to the European project. This chapter demonstrates why Brexit cannot be generalized to the rest of the continent but is the result of a complicated and special British conception of what it means to be a sovereign state in the twenty-first century. Moreover, and paradoxically, surveys show that the greatest fear among Europeans today is not more European integration but right wing populism and European disunion.
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Childs, David J. A Peripheral Weapon? Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400696145.
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The tank was arguably the most important technological innovation that developed during World War I; however, without the support of the British Army and the allocation of important wartime resources, it would have remained merely a peripheral weapon. For far too long, the depiction of the British War Office and GHQ, France, as anti-technological and cavalry-oriented has persisted. While some historians have recently challenged this view, much of the traditional versus progressive school of thought, in regard to the production and employment of the tank, still survives. By posing the question: was the tank a peripheral weapon? this work reveals the vital role of the War Office in the production and employment of this stunning new weapon. The War Office was behind the creation of the original Tank Committee, the New or Advisory Tank Committee, the Tank Directorate and the Tank Board. It was these bodies, particularly the Tank Board, established in 1918, that facilitated the crucially important liaison between the users of tanks in France and the producers at the Ministry of Munitions. Without War Office involvement in this way, without its continued orders for more and better tanks, and without the consistently high priority status accorded to tank production by General Haig, it is inconceivable that the tank would have reached the level of technical sophistication, and therefore usefulness, that it had by late 1918.
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Scobbie, Iain. Legal Theory As a Source of International Law. Edited by Samantha Besson and Jean d’Aspremont. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198745365.003.0024.
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This chapter argues that legal theory provides conceptions of the sources of international law that differ according to time and place. It employs Neil MacCormick’s explanation of institutional order to argue that conceptual understandings of law, including international law, are socially constructed. The chapter starts from John Austin’s denial that international law possesses the quality of law and then considers the function that sovereignty has played in some explanations of international law and its sources. Afterwards, the analysis focuses on the paradigm shift that Hugo Grotius introduced into natural law, and consequently into international law, by substituting consent for theology as its underpinning explanation. The chapter also considers twentieth-century transatlantic variants of natural law and examines three influential British theorists—James Brierly, Gerald Fitzmaurice, and Hersch Lauterpacht. Finally, before drawing some conclusions, the chapter examines the more instrumentalist naturalism of the New Haven School.
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Linton, David. English West End Revue. Edited by Robert Gordon and Olaf Jubin. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199988747.013.5.
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London West End revue constituted a particular response to mounting social, political, and cultural insecurities over Britain’s status and position at the beginning of the twentieth century. These insecurities were compounded by growing demands for social reform: the call for women’s emancipation and the growth of the labour and the trade union movements created a climate of mounting disillusionment. Revue correlated the immediacy of this uncertain world, through a fragmented vocabulary of performance, placing satire, parody, social commentary, and critique at its core and achieving popularity by reflecting and responding to the variations of the new lived experiences. Experimenting with narrative and expressions of speech, movement, design, and sound, revue displaced the romanticism of musical comedy by combining satirical detachment with defiant sophistication in a manner that reflected the sensibility of a waning British hegemony as a cultural expression of the fragile and changing social and political order.
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Bashkin, Orit. The Lamp, Qasim Amin, Jewish Women and Baghdadi Men: A Reading in the Jewish Iraqi Journal al-Misbah. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474430616.003.0012.
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This chapter provides a detailed reading of al-Misbah, a Jewish Iraqi publication which appeared in Baghdad between the years 1924 and 1929 and has been characterised both as a Zionist mouthpiece and a testimony to the success of Arab nationalism. In addressing this apparent contradiction, the chapter examines the issues which dominated its pages in order to highlight the identity of the paper and to enrich our understanding of the Iraqi press under the British Mandate. The chapter addresses two discursive circles – the Iraqi and the Jewish – and proposes that al-Misbah conveyed an unmistakable Iraqi and Arab identity. Despite the editor’s Zionist inclinations, the conversations between readers and writers acquired a life of their own and the paper, in fact, promoted a new Arab Jewish identity and illustrated how Jews sought to use state institutions as venues for the cultivation of non-sectarian and democratic citizenship.
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Dominy, Graham. Fort Napier. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040047.003.0001.
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This book traces the social history of the imperial garrison in the Colony of Natal in order to elucidate the reproduction, adaptation, and modification of Victorian British society on southern African soil. More specifically, it examines the divisions in colonial society and the influence of the garrison in shaping those divisions. The book considers a number of interrelated themes: class and gender, hierarchy and discipline, race and labor, pageantry and government, and the economic impact of garrisons and their costs. These themes are contextualized in relation to the distinctive role of Fort Napier as a garrison center. This chapter compares Fort Napier with other garrisons worldwide, including those in Gibraltar, Halifax, and Montreal; the jailer garrisons in Australia; and the garrison in New Zealand. It argues that Fort Napier and its garrison are unique because they influenced not only a settler society but also a major African society.
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Jones, Emily. Edmund Burke and the Invention of Modern Conservatism, 1830-1914. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198799429.001.0001.
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Between 1830 and 1914 in Britain a dramatic modification of the reputation of Edmund Burke (1730–97) occurred. Burke, an Irishman and Whig politician, is now most commonly known as the ‘founder of modern conservatism’—an intellectual tradition which is also deeply connected to the identity of the British Conservative Party. The idea of ‘Burkean conservatism’—a political philosophy which upholds ‘the authority of tradition’, the organic, historic conception of society, and the necessity of order, religion, and property—has been incredibly influential in international academic analysis and in the wider political world. This is an intellectual construct of high significance, but its origins have not yet been understood. This book demonstrates that the transformation of Burke into the ‘founder of conservatism’ was in fact part of wider developments in British political, intellectual, and cultural history in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Drawing from a wide range of sources, including political texts, parliamentary speeches, histories, biographies, and educational curricula, this volume shows how and why Burke’s reputation was transformed over a formative period of British history. It bridges the significant gap between the history of political thought as conventionally understood and the history of the making of political traditions. By 1914, it is demonstrated that Burke had been firmly established as a ‘conservative’ political philosopher and was admired and utilized by political Conservatives in Britain who identified themselves as his intellectual heirs. This was one essential component of a conscious re-working of C/conservatism which is still at work today.
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Joffe QC, Victor, David Drake, Giles Richardson, Daniel Lightman QC, and Timothy Collingwood. Minority Shareholders. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198820383.001.0001.
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This well-established and authoritative work is the most detailed reference source on the law relating to minority shareholders. As more and more legal emphasis is put on corporate governance, and as the influence of shareholder activism continues to grow, practitioners increasingly need a source of up-to-date and detailed information on the rights and remedies available to the minority. This is the only book to focus on this increasingly topical and important subject. This sixth edition features a new chapter on share purchase orders and valuation. There is expanded coverage of the relevant non-UK authorities, including cases from Hong Kong, Singapore, the British Virgin Islands, and Cayman. There is also more detailed analysis of shareholder agreements and related developments in contract law relevant to minority shareholders (e.g., arguments around implied terms and good faith). The new edition also covers significant developments in case law, such as Eclairs Group Ltd v JKX Oil & Gas plc.
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Morton, Christopher. The Anthropological Lens. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812913.001.0001.
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Sir Edward Evan Evans-Pritchard (1902-1973) is widely considered the most influential British anthropologist of the twentieth century, known to generations of students for his seminal works on South Sudanese ethnography Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic Among the Azande (OUP 1937) and The Nuer (OUP 1940). In these works, now classics in the anthropological literature, Evans-Pritchard broke new ground on questions of rationality, social accountability, kinship, social and political organization, and religion, as well as influentially moving the discipline in Britain away from the natural sciences and towards history. Yet despite much discussion about his theoretical contributions to anthropology, no study has yet explored his fieldwork in detail in order to get a better understanding of its historical contexts, local circumstances or the social encounters out of which it emerged. This book then is just such an exploration, of Evans-Pritchard the fieldworker through the lens of his fieldwork photography. Through an engagement with his photographic archive, and by thinking with it alongside his written ethnographies and other unpublished evidence, the book offers a new insight into the way in which Evans-Pritchard’s theoretical contributions to the discipline were shaped by his fieldwork and the numerous local people in Africa with whom he collaborated. By writing history through field photographs we move back towards the fieldwork experiences, exploring the vivid traces, lived realities and local presences at the heart of the social encounter that formed the basis of Evans-Pritchard’s anthropology.