Journal articles on the topic 'New architecture in historic settings'
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Logan, Cameron, and David Brand. "Participation: An Ethic for New Architecture in Historic Settings." Change Over Time 7, no. 2 (2017): 272–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cot.2017.0015.
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Semes, Steven W. "Adaptation as a Model for New Architecture in Historic Settings: Some Observations from Rome." Change Over Time 2, no. 2 (2012): 88–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cot.2012.0014.
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Gaber, Mustafa A., and Ayten Ö. Akçay. "Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation Techniques of New Infill Designs in Historic Context." Revista Amazonia Investiga 9, no. 35 (December 28, 2020): 20–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2020.35.11.2.
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With the continuing advancement in material technology and construction techniques, architects face a greater set of options and challenges when it comes to designing in historic settings. In the meantime after the ICOMOS agreement, every country adapted the policy according to their own culture and settings, therefore every architect in their respective country started interpreting the charters, and the design review processes in their own way. Working on the new addition to historic context gave rise to familiar characteristics in design, especially in the infill designs, which is “Replication and Contrast”, which in turn sparked the question, how to evaluate whether a building is properly fitting in its context with whatever approach employed. This paper aims to answer this question by conducting a literature review covering First, the qualitative evaluation approach which compromises of surveys and pre-visualization in order to identify the main visual properties that improve the contextual compatibility of the new designs in the historical context, and quantitative techniques focused more on the mathematical scientific cognitive results of all aspects of the architectural elements within historic settings. A comparison has been made on each result achieved and an assessment of their reliance or authenticity has been tested in order to find and bridge the gap between tangible and intangible values when judging “fit” in a historic setting. The results showed that the qualitative evaluation if followed properly it could be very promising, but it always leaves room for skepticism as the result is expected to change based on the size and the characteristics of the participants. The quantitative evaluation provided a more tangible evidence of the contextual fit in terms of architectural elements like size, proportion, and scale. Finally, a suggestion was made in order to provide a better, and a more comprehensive technique merging both methods together and trying to incorporate more of three-dimensional aspects of the building instead of the two dimensionality of the current assessment techniques.
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Ukabi, Ejeng, and Ayten Özsavaş Akçay. "Historic squares’ identity expression: Namik Kemal Square, Famagusta-Cyprus." International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES 8, no. 4 (April 2021): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2021.04.008.
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Historic square's naturalistic layers harmonize in contrast with man's unstable taste, changing intentions with time, and neoliberal policies. Consequently, the challenge of what will stand out on the square's expression to the future remains an enormous pertinence amid the identity struggle. Recall that historic squares represent the bedrock for the chronological events that shaped human settlements, be it socio-economic, cultural, religious, political, art and architecture, educational, and folklore. This paper aims to analyze the square's identity as part of its historical and cultural representation. Besides, examine the layers on the surfaces (facades) facing it and their functional changes from history to now. The paper adopted an integrated study approach, using a literature review simultaneously with fieldwork to perform the analysis to describe and observe beyond the structural image to the social implications of the surrounding works of art, architecture, and nature. Based on the results, Namik Kemal Square is characterized socially, physically, and functionally by the surfaces of Lusignan, Venetian, Ottoman, British, Republic of Cyprus, the Turkish Federated State of Cyprus, and Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus to now. The square exemplifies a mix of hard/soft surfaces and old/new textual layers. Presently, some functions have changed; others are changing, while only a small percentage maintained uncompromising character. The study hypothesizes that though place remains, occupancy changes with pre-existing tissues. Therefore, the surfaces of the diverse identities about people's existence in a setting (square) should be conserved for livability. Furthermore, design principles that will displace the square's identity should be discouraged.
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Wang, Yanjun. "Urban Design of Historic Districts Based on Action Planning." Open House International 43, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2018-b0006.
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Historic districts are faced with inadequate features protection and landscape destruction in the process of accelerating urban construction, urban design focuses on how places function in addition to how they look, this theory is suitable for the protection of historical districts. At the present stage, the traditional urban design of historical districts has a series of problems, such as uncomprehensive research about characteristics, incomplete workflow and the lack of transformation route from design scheme to implementation, the main reason is that there is a mismatch between the setting goal and planning implementation. Urban design based on “Action planning” has the characteristics of comprehensive research contents, specific implementation plans and complete workflow, it arranges the workflow with four stages, including design preparation, design planning, design implementation and design evaluation, which is a new exploration and attempt to turn traditional blueprint-oriented into action-oriented. Urban design of North Shuncheng Lane Historic Districts in Xi'an city used action planning as a concept and established an framework including “identify development status and problems—construct action target and strategy—determine action projects and specific plans—improve and evaluate the results”, to implement design ideas into practice and to guide the protection of historic districts. Above all, action-oriented planning is considered the key to the development of historic districts.
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Shcherbina, Elena V., Ali A. Belal, and Ali Salmo. "Historic centres of Syrian towns ruined by the war: restoration through urban planning." Vestnik MGSU, no. 5 (May 2020): 632–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2020.5.632-640.
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Introduction. Urban development of historic centres of towns, destroyed by man-induced disasters, means finding the balance between the preservation of the cultural environment and development of a new medium capable of meeting present-day challenges. These problems can be effectively tackled in respect of architectural ensembles, monuments of history and architecture having the status of world heritage sites, as they are restored through the efforts of the world community. This problem is particularly acute in the historic cities of Syria that suffered from warlike operations at the outset of the 21st century.
Materials and methods. The system approach was employed by the co-authors to develop and present a historic and genetic model and to set the borders of territories that can be qualified as historic landmarks. Processed aerial imagery and on-site examination of buildings have enabled the co-authors to assess the extent of destruction of buildings and structures, located within the borders of urban historic centres, identified by means of urban zoning techniques.
Results. The co-authors have ranked the buildings and structures in the districts of Homs, Syria, using the extent of destruction as a criterion. They also propose a definition for the notion of cultural heritage sites (“CHS”), as well as the typology of CHS or “landmarks” in the Syrian Arab Republic. The co-authors offer a methodology for the examination of localities, destroyed during the war, needed to develop their restoration roadmaps. They have also substantiated the need to regenerate the urban environment in the Bani Sibhaa community, to restore the historic centre of Homs to its initial appearance due to its status of a special cultural heritage site, as it has fragments of historic urban planning and ancient buildings.
Conclusions. The damage assessment of buildings, structures, and items of historic and cultural heritage, performed using qualitative values, helps to assess the condition of the cultural environment, resources and valuables available in the historic centre; it also serves as the basis for urban zoning and setting boundaries of historical sites. The approach, developed by the co-authors, encompasses prerequisites and a set of instruments to be used to develop reconstruction strategies for the areas previously exposed to military operations, as well as urban development programmes, that will boost cultural processes capable of producing positive impact on urban and regional economies through job generation, travel industry development, and revival of folk crafts. The findings will be contributed to the conceptual design of multiscale cultural policy events that can boost the development of local areas.
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Hughes, Annie. "New, Old, Indifferent: The United Kingdom’s Preferences Regarding the Architecture and Design of Public Libraries." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 6, no. 4 (December 15, 2011): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b80315.
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Objective – Analysis and discussion of attitudes of U.K. citizens toward the architecture and design of the country’s public libraries.
Design – Content analysis of essays submitted to the U.K. Mass Observation Archive (MOA).
Setting – Citizens of the United Kingdom.
Subjects – 180 respondents from a panel of 500 Mass Observation Archive (MOA) volunteers.
Methods – The MOA originated in the 1930s as a way to gather qualitative evidence regarding everyday life of the British public. Most of the data gathered takes the form of variable length essays written by a panel of 500 anonymous volunteers. The volunteers respond to specific directives, and in this article, Black summarized responses to a directive he originally posed to the 500 volunteers in 2005: ‘Public Library Buildings’. Black issued this particular directive to the panel of volunteers in the autumn of 2005 and results were made available to the public by mid-2006.The MOA received a total of 180 responses, of which 121 were from women and 59 were from men. Both users of libraries and non-users were included in the sample. The respondents were not a representative sample of the British public because men, ethnic minorities, lower socio-economic groups, and those living outside of the South of England were underrepresented.
The author analyzed the content of the 180 submitted essays to gain insight on attitudes regarding public library design and architecture. Respondents were asked about public library location, environmental fit, architectural style, sensory aspects of the building, and whether or not the building resembled other types of public buildings. Although he posed several questions, Black focused on answers to three questions: what do you think about the design of modern library buildings? Do you prefer them to older style buildings? Have you seen older libraries renovated into more modern libraries, and what do you think of them? Black then analyzed the responses and grouped them into four major attitudes toward the architecture and design of public libraries. The author chose not to code any of the responses and instead chose to analyze the ‘discourse’ in and not necessarily the ‘content’ of the essays. After analyzing the discourse, Black contextualized the evidence he discovered. He then discussed political and cultural issues with relation to the four major attitudes and how these issues affected the current landscape of libraries.
Main Results – The four major categories derived from the essays that Black analyzed included: preference for the new; preference for the old; preference for a mixing of the old and the new; architectural indifference, the library as ‘place’ and the concept of ‘libraryness.’ Those with a preference for the new preferred the newer, more modern building because it fit better within the world of information technology. These respondents also felt that the older buildings were too intimidating and cold. Those who preferred the older architecture and design felt that the buildings allowed them to access a piece of the past, and they thought an older library to be more impressive, historic, and generally have more elaborate and interesting architecture. These respondents pointed out the fewer places to hide in new libraries, and indicated that new architecture is boring and stolid. The third group of respondents preferred an older exterior, but an up-to-date interior with a more modern infrastructure. They enjoyed the large impressive buildings but liked the interior to contain comfortable, modern furniture, good lighting, as well as updated technological tools. Finally, the remaining group of respondents did not place importance on the physical space of a library, but more so the services and collections within the physical space.
Conclusion – The discourse derived from the MOA and analyzed in Black’s article summarizes the attitudes and preferences that citizens of the UK have regarding public library architecture. Among the 180 responses to the ‘Public Library Buildings’ directive, there is a clear tension in these attitudes and preferences. The information gathered in the MOA directive on public libraries could also provide political and cultural leaders with evidence of a need for renewal or rethinking of the country’s public libraries.
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Cowling, Sally, and William Mitchell. "Taking the Low Road: Minimum Wage Determination under Work Choices." Journal of Industrial Relations 49, no. 5 (November 2007): 741–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185607084390.
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The Workplace Relations Amendment (Work Choices) Act 2005 changes the architecture of labour market regulation in Australia in a significant way. The focus of this article is on changes to the regulatory framework for minimum wage determination and the rationale for, and likely consequences of, conferring this power on the Australian Fair Pay Commission. Underpinning the Work Choices package is the view that Safety Net wage rises awarded by the Australian Industrial Relations Commission have had negative effects on employment. In this article we establish that the evidence to support this claim is weak, and is being used to engineer a historic shift in the objectives of the Australian wage setting process. We argue that the new legislation will act as a downward drag on the pay and conditions of minimum wage workers and advance an alternative policy approach in which attaining full employment does not require us to abandon the principle of fairness or a decent wage floor.
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Weitze, Karen J. "In the Shadows of Dresden." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 72, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 322–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2013.72.3.322.
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In the Shadows of Dresden: Modernism and the War Landscape focuses on British-American test complexes and lithographs devised to understand German and Japanese military targets of World War II. Project sites stretched from England and Scotland to Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Utah, and Florida. Vignettes of Axis-built environments featured only those forms and details that were deemed essential, complemented by the abstracted target maps. Together these models and maps inaugurated a new way of looking at cities and built environments as war landscapes. In this article Karen J. Weitze studies the roles of the participating architects, engineers, artists, and art historians—Marc Peter Jr., John Burchard, Henry Elder, Gerald K. Geerlings, Eric Mendelsohn, Antonin Raymond, Walter Gropius, Konrad Wachsmann, Arthur Korn, Felix James Samuely, E. S. Richter, Paul Zucker, Hans Knoll, Albert Kahn, Ludwig Hilberseimer, George Hartmueller, I. M. Pei, Erwin Panofsky, Paul Frankl, and Kurt Weitzmann—within the setting of the modern movement, and evaluates the historic obscurity of the wartime landscapes against the collective human moment that was Dresden.
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Eppich, Rand. "Perspectives on Pandemic: Pedagogies, Prejudice and a Paradigm Shift." Journal of Research in Architecture and Planning 31, no. 2 (December 25, 2021): 01–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.53700/jrap3122021_1.
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"Cities have the capability of providing something for everybody, only because, and only when, they are created by everybody." (Jacobs, 1961) Urban planning, particularly for historic cities, requires extensive community involvement, given a large number of public and private stakeholders. Unilateral top-down decisions of the early 20th century made it clear that community involvement was essential to planning. Understandably, this has been difficult with the ongoing global pandemic. Lockdowns, confinement, quarantine, limited travel, and outright bans on gatherings have made public participation in urban decisions nearly impossible – yet planning for the future has not ceased. Of course, technology is aiding communication, including multiple channels of video conferencing, instant messaging, VoIP or internet phone systems, relay chat, social media, and even email. But these means of communication are no substitute for in-person face-to- face interaction and have raised new and challenging questions – How can community involvement be accommodated? And what other relationships or forms of communication are impacted? Successful planning also requires forming pedagogical relationships, another problem created by the pandemic. Most often, pedagogy refers to an academic setting or teacher-student relationship. But pedagogy also relates to other relationships necessary for auspicious planning, including the planner-stakeholder and professional- client associations. Frequently, architects, urban planners, and conservators must explain the problems, technical details, results of surveys, and other studies to clients, decision-makers, and stakeholders. Often people are involved in making decisions and are not well versed with urban planning, architecture, or the conservation of historic cities. Another relationship that is has been impacted by the pandemic is peer-to-peer exchange, essential for complex urban planning. This paper will explore various issues and challenges of this new mode of work inter-pandemic. First, there will be an examination of three types of pedagogical relationships: planner-stakeholders, professional-client, and between professionals or peer-to-peer. Second, three examples are included to illustrate the drawbacks and benefits of this new mode of work, specifically related to planning and conservation projects in historic cities. These examples are all drawn from projects executed by various firms during the pandemic and led by the author. Finally, the presentation discusses the disadvantages and advantages of new forms of pedagogy, including removing prejudices. Pre-pandemic, there were many objections to holding virtual meetings or relying extensively on digital communications from stakeholders, clients, and team partners. The pandemic has effectively removed this prejudice against online encounters and subsequently pedagogical relationships, thus accelerating the paradigm shift related to virtual communications Keywords: Pandemic, Urban Planning, Heritage, Conservation
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Ochsner, Jeffrey Karl. "Architecture for the Boston & Albany Railroad: 1881-1894." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 47, no. 2 (June 1, 1988): 109–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990324.
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Between 1881 and 1894 the Boston & Albany Railroad undertook a major program of capital investment and improvements to the physical facilities of the line, including the construction of over 30 new passenger stations. H. H. Richardson's close friends, James A. Rumrill and Charles S. Sargent, as the two members of the B&A Board most interested in construction, were given responsibility for this program. They directed the commissions to Richardson and after his death to his successors, Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge. Richardson's nine B&A station designs were generally variations on a simple theme-small rectangular stone blocks with overhanging roofs providing sheltered waiting space at trackside. The continuation of this approach by Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge in 23 additional station designs resulted in a remarkable consistency of character and quality throughout the B&A system. This consistency was also fostered by the continuing participation of Norcross Brothers of Worcester (Richardson's "Master Builder") as contractor, and by the participation of F. L. Olmsted, whose design of landscaped settings for many of the stations contributed to the establishment of the B&A program of "railroad gardening." While the stations were small commissions, the totality of the B&A program represents an impressive collaboration of designer, contractor, and client which has seldom been equalled.
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Loten, S. "Kostof, Spiro. A History of Architecture: Settings and Rituals. Oxford University Press, New York, 1985. Pp. 788. More than 885 illustrations including numerous original drawings, maps, a glossary of architectural terms, bibliographies, index. $39.95 pb." Urban History Review 14, no. 3 (1986): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1018101ar.
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Riccioni, Stefano. "Rewriting Antiquity, Renewing Rome. The Identity of the Eternal City through Visual Art, Monumental Inscriptions and the Mirabilia." Medieval Encounters 17, no. 4-5 (2011): 439–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006711x598802.
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AbstractDuring the eleventh and twelfth centuries the Church began a process of renovation (renovatio) and the city of Rome was given new meanings. Antiquity is part of the identity of the Eternal City; the reuse or reframing of aspects of antiquity inevitably transformed the image of Rome. Public spaces, architecture and objects were given new Christian readings. Inscriptions, present both in sacred and secular settings, played an important role. A similar rewriting can also be found in travel literature and descriptions of the city, such as in the Mirabilia urbis Rome, where ancient monuments were re-interpreted to demonstrate the superiority of Christianity. Inscriptions were used as symbols of authority, as can be seen in the altar of the church of Santa Maria in Portico, in the papal thrones (San Clemente, Santa Maria in Cosmedin, San Lorenzo fuori le mura) and also in mosaics (San Clemente, Santa Maria in Trastevere). Inscriptions appeared on porticoed atriums built on new churches and added to older foundations, and they were used to renew ancient monuments and places. The Roman Commune used a similar strategy with civil buildings. The image of Rome was transformed through restoration and new construction that used spolia as meaningful objects, and inscriptions for their authoritative value.
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Naeem, Anila, and Sahibzada Farooq Ahmad Rafeeqi. "NED CITY CAMPUS RESTORATION SETTING BENCHMARKS FOR CONSERVATION PRACTICES." Journal of Research in Architecture and Planning 12, no. 1 (June 30, 2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.53700/jrap1212012_1.
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NED University of Engineering and Technology originated in 1922 from what is now known as its ‘City Campus’ or ‘Old Campus’ located in the hub of Karachi’s historic areas. Shifting of university campus to its present location on University Road in 1975 led to the abandonment of this historic site for more than twenty years; adversely affecting the structures due to neglect and disuse. In 1997 NED City Campus was declared as a listed heritage of Karachi given protection under the Sindh Cultural Heritage Preservation Act 1994. In 2000, realizing its importance as an invaluable asset the NED university’s Department of Architecture and Planning conceptualized the vision for restoring this campus and putting it to use; not only on grounds of its historic significance but also for reasons of sustainability, environmental enhancement and regeneration of historic fabric. Restoration of NED City Campus is envisioned with an approach of minimal interventions and respect to the original setting, layout and materials of construction; closely following the international principles of heritage conservation. The approach is to achieve optimum utilization of campus premises primarily as an educational hub; but additionally introducing a variety of ancillary activities to facilitate extended usage of the property. Being an extensive undertaking the project is planned and being executed in phases; the first major phase being the restoration of ‘Bai Puribai Becharbhai and Bercharbhai Raichand Block’. This paper gives an overview of this first phase, with a focus on interventions carried out to consolidate the existing structural members of the historic building.
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Weyeneth, Robert R. "The Architecture of Racial Segregation: The Challenges of Preserving the Problematical Past." Public Historian 27, no. 4 (2005): 11–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2005.27.4.11.
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The article examines racial segregation as a spatial system and proposes a conceptual framework for assessing its significance. It analyzes how the ideology of white supremacy influenced design form in the United States and how Jim Crow architecture appeared on the landscape. For African Americans, the settings for everyday life were not simply the confines of this imposed architecture; the article analyzes responses such as the construction of alternative spaces. The discussion concludes by considering the architecture of segregation from the perspective of historic preservation.
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Yazdi, H., I. Vukorep, and H. Bazazzadeh. "The Methods of Deep Learning and Big Data Analysis in Promoting Sustainable Architecture." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1078, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1078/1/012136.
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Abstract These days, sustainability in different aspects has been among the main discussions of architecture and building science. At the same time, historic architecture has evolved over centuries and has adapted to environmental conditions, it can be a great source of inspiration in using smart ways to achieve sustainable architecture. A good illustration of this adaptation can be found in using vernacular materials, the spatial configuration according to climate conditions, and different elements of historic architecture that have helped to improve the occupant’s comfort. In response, one plausible solution for improving the sustainability of architecture is translating the concept of the sustainable elements and features of historic architecture to be used in contemporary architecture. Therefore, these elements need to be studied thoroughly to comprehend their features and characters. There are several studies, investigating sustainable historic architecture to find and measure sustainable solutions by using conventional methods. Although the accuracy of studying the sustainable historic elements has been fairly high, the number of features and variety of these elements in historic architecture have made this task highly challenging. It has been suggested to study and evaluate a considerable number of these elements in different historic architecture to reduce the errors and increase the reliability of results. Since the conventional methods are labor-intensive, time-consuming, and costly, this paper proposed a robust AI method to study the sustainable elements of historic architecture by using Deep Learning. In this study, by introducing and developing a new method for detecting sustainable elements in historic architecture, their features were comprehensively extracted by means of mining meaningful data from areal images of historic cities to produce big data. The proposed method has a sophisticated workflow starting from subdividing the High-Resolution Aerial Images to detecting the sustainable elements and using data science to analyze the extracted features of the segmented objects. Results of a sample analysis of this method showed its high accuracy and its applicability in analyzing sustainable elements of historic architecture, by which designers are expected to design more sustainable buildings inspired by historic architecture.
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Dijokienė, Dalia. "PECULIARITIES OF GENESIS, DEVELOPMENT AND VALUES OF VILNIUS HISTORIC SUBURBS." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 30, no. 2 (June 30, 2006): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921630.2006.10697068.
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The object of investigation is peculiarities of the genesis, development and values of Vilnius historic suburbs. Historic suburbs are the territories of a town which at one stage of their genesis were suburbs and their founding is interrelated with the founding of the town and which were in formation until the mid nineteenth century. The territory under study is the administrative boarders of Vilnius in 1939–1940. Most European towns no longer have such territories: they have lost their uniqueness, gradually disappeared or were destroyed during wars and have been replaced by modern urban structures and parks. In Lithuania the historic kernels of towns are still surrounded by historic suburbs. The investigation includes a chronological table presenting the development of Vilnius town, an analysis of the following urban structure elements of the suburbs: the network of streets; the structure of land holdings; the type of building-up of squares, streets and land holdings; complexes and ensembles of buildings; distinct features of the natural settings; panoramas and silhouettes; compositional links with the town’s kernel; distinctive urban and architectural features of the historic suburbs under study preserved up to date. The reasons of founding of the suburbs are defined and their types are distinguished. It is stated that historic suburbs have historic and cultural value. The values of historic suburbs play a role in the preservation of the town’s uniqueness and supplement the process of the town’s formation.
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Krasilnikov, Vladilen. "Urban Reflections." проект байкал 19, no. 74 (January 5, 2023): 52–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.51461/pb.74.11.
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The author reviews international examples of the existence of architectural monuments and fragments of the historic environment in modern cities and highlights successful solutions. The article outlines the reasons for the failure of interaction between historic and new architecture. The author emphasizes the importance of the artistic form in architecture as a principle of organic unification of the old and modern architecture.
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Geva, Anat, and Anuradha Mukherji. "A Study of Light/Darkness in Sacred Settings: Digital Simulations." International Journal of Architectural Computing 5, no. 3 (September 2007): 507–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/147807707782581756.
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Studying light/darkness and sacred architecture reveals that the “holy” light dramatizes the spiritual state and affects the mood of the user in the sacred space. Furthermore, it shows that faith dictates the treatment of light/darkness in the sacred setting as means to enhance the spiritual experience. These two premises were investigated by conducting digital daylight simulations on the Brihadeshvara Hindu Temple (1010 AD) of Tanjore, Tamilnadu, India. This sacred monument, listed as one of UNESCO's World Heritage Sites, is an intriguing case study since the treatment of the ‘holy light’ in the temple is actually the treatment of the ‘holy darkness’. The simulated values were compared to the Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) standards. The results demonstrate that digitized simulations can illustrate the significance of light/darkness in sacred settings as a spiritual experience. Moreover, this quantitative investigation can augment the qualitative studies in the field of historic sacred architecture. The work presented here unites and extends some previously published work [20],[29].
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Semprebon, Gerardo. "Fragilities of Historical Settlements Targeted by Heritage Tourism: Comparison and Ex-Post Assessment of Two Water Towns in the Qingpu District of Shanghai." Journal of Chinese Architecture and Urbanism 4, no. 1 (October 6, 2022): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.36922/jcau.v4i1.163.
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Heritage tourism in Chinese historic sites has gained importance and has become a widely adopted development strategy that uses architecture and urban ensembles to sell cultural experiences. These sites, immersed in heritage settings or traditional ambiences, embody an extraordinary dimension of Chinese tangible and intangible culture, which call for in-depth studies and critical understanding. This paper discusses how a condition of fragility has materialized under the aegis of economic boosts. The impact of cultural tourism on historic sites is assessed by considering two similar water towns expressing exceptional cultural values, Zhujiajiao and Liantang. The methodology envisaged ethnographic tools to highlight how development strategies have altered local communities, discussing the consequences on physical authenticity and sociocultural equilibriums.
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Vilkončius, Evaldas. "Soviet Modernism in the Historic Context. The Cases of Vilnius and Panevėžys City Centers." Art History & Criticism 13, no. 1 (December 1, 2017): 58–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mik-2017-0005.
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Summary In the history of Lithuanian architecture, the period of soviet modernism has made very problematical mark. The architectural and urbanist changes that were made in Lithuanian cities during this period are linked with the beginning and development of modern building practice. Many discussions causes the changes in the city centres that were made from the 1960s. New modern buildings that were built in the historic context changed its individuality and singularity. This article analyses architectural changes that were made from 1960s to1990s in the historic context of Vilnius and Panevėžys centres. The article suggests that during different decades of the soviet modernism period, the new architecture had a different approach to the historic context. To prove this suggestion, the article presents the most distinctive buildings that were built in the historic context of the selected city centres.
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Williams, Kim. "The Architecture of the New Baroque: A Comparative Study of the Historic and the New Baroque Movements in Architecture." Nexus Network Journal 11, no. 3 (November 5, 2009): 489–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00004-009-0009-5.
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Cvetanovic, Aleksandra, and Ana Momcilovic-Petronijevic. "Contemporary meets old in rehabilitating historic buildings." Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 19, no. 1 (2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace210301002c.
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Protection of architectural heritage is a very delicate mission that needs to be supported by a big set of knowledge and experience. Adding a new, dissimilar element to a historic building of big importance in a rehabilitation process is particularly disputed and needs to be addressed with even more research and justification. Contrasting architectural styles in one building can be even a controversial matter. In some cases, modern additions successfully preserve the originals while bringing something fresh and creative, while others fail to do so. The main question is: does a current trend of adding a new, modern extension to the architecture monument distinctly mean that it is obliterated, or can a mixture of contemporary and historic in old buildings produce good architecture?
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Biryulov, Yuri. "NEW JEWISH STYLE IN LVIV ARCHITECTURE: THE HISTORIC TRANSFORMATION IN THE URBAN SPACE." Architecture and Engineering 5, no. 4 (2020): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/2500-0055-2020-5-4-18-27.
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Introduction: The phenomenon of expressing national identity in architecture is manifested in many countries and cities. In this article, it is considered in the context of Lviv with the main focus on Jewish architects. Purpose of the study: We are planning to study the process of the emergence of a new Jewish style in the architecture of Lviv from the mid-19th century to the first decades of the 20th century in the context of urban development, and consider the formation of a characteristic art language, together with the corresponding symbolic elements of décor. Methods: We use a comprehensive art approach, which involves the method of systematization for material processing, comparison and synthesis. In the course of the study, we applied comparative analysis, as well as elements of systematic analysis of the Jewish architecture evolution. Results and discussion: We conclude that the architects used several strategies and theories to express Jewish cultural identity in their works, in particular, neo-romantic transformations of medieval, Renaissance and Oriental architecture, rethinking in the spirit of Art Nouveau of the Neo-Moorish style, incorporation of old regional architecture motifs, applying decor saturated with Jewish symbols.
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Patała, Agnieszka. "Left / abandoned / post-German. Late Gothic Silesian Retables and Their New Settings in the Monastery Church in Mogiła (Cracow), and the Cathedrals in Warsaw and Poznań in the 1940s and 1950s." Ikonotheka, no. 31 (September 20, 2022): 49–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/2657-6015ik.31.3.
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Based on three case studies, the text presents the analysis of the process of the reappropriation of three selected “left”/”abandoned”/”post-German” medieval artworks in the three important conservation projects from the first decade of the post-war reconstruction of Poland (1945–1955). The circumstances, course and consequences of mounting late gothic Silesian altarpieces in the presbyteries of the monastery church in Mogiła and in the rebuilt and restored cathedrals in Warsaw and Poznań will be traced. This will enhance the analysis of the process of post-war creation of three monuments of Polish medieval art, different in their architectural and artistic costume and history. They will be examined in the context of foreign artworks, which despite being “left”/”abandoned” remained the carriers of a complicated, multithreaded history, unknown to or ignored by decision-makers.
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AlSadaty, Aliaa. "Historic Houses as Pillars of Memory: Cases from Cairo, Egypt." Open House International 43, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2018-b0002.
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The relationship between collective memory and the built environment is a complex relationship. Though the concept of memory is fragile, the maintenance and continuation of urban memory are essential to maintain groups' identities and to support the sense of place and place attachment between community members and the architectural settings they use and/or reside in. Preserving the physical aspects of buildings, spaces and settings that are linked with memory, is important to preserve the memory, however, the mere preservation does not guarantee the continuation of memory. The maintenance and continuation of memory is a process that depends on several factors, where the preservation of the physical aspects is only one among several. This paper aims at a better understanding of the intricate relationship between collective memory and the built environment, focusing on the processes of formation, stimulation and consolidation of memory. The paper sheds the lights on historic houses that are embedded with significant meanings and memories to their social contexts. It claims that historic houses can easily shift from ‘potential cultural memory' to ‘actual cultural memory' that could act as pillars of memory to their surrounding community, if the conservation process is done comprehensively, that is to include not only the physical and spatial aspects of memory but also to tackle the social dimensions of memory as well. The paper is organized into three sections: the first investigates the memory formation process, focusing on the social and the spatial dimension of memory, then the second investigates the possible channels to memory stimulation and consolidation, and finally, as a case study, the third section investigates the memory of two historic houses in Cairo, Egypt. The review of the works undertaken in the two houses highlights the difference and the distance between the concept of restoration and the essence of conservation. Findings yielded that, urban memory is an important aspect of cultural heritage that should to be captured and preserved for current and future generations, an aspect that is missing in local conservation approaches. Moreover, to be maintained, urban memory needs physical, social and moral props.
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Kesavaperumal, Thirumaran, Kiruthiga Kandasamy, and Renganathan Ramasubramanian. "The attitudes of residents on the conservation of built-heritage of a historic temple town – Kanchipuram, India." Open House International 45, no. 3 (August 3, 2020): 283–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-06-2020-0062.
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Purpose The degradation of a town’s traditional architectural settings is a prominent issue in the historic towns that possess a rich heritage and legacies of architectural character in its urban fabric that have developed over the course of its evolution. Resident participation in built-heritage conservation can be explained in terms of deliberate acts. Thus, this study aims to analyse the attitudes of residents on the conservation of built heritage (ARCBH) in the historic town of Kanchipuram. Design/methodology/approach The historic temple town of Kanchipuram has been surveyed and focused in this study. A questionnaire was designed to investigate the ARCBH in Kanchipuram. Data were collected and analysed with the help of structural equation modelling and AMOS software. A structural equation model was developed, and hypotheses were framed for an empirical study. Findings The findings indicate that the ARCBH has an effective relationship with practical issues that occur in traditional architecture, built-heritage attachment and an awareness of existing heritage schemes. Social implications The study results indicate that considering resident attitude and attachment is important. In addition, the results provide useful insights for formulating practical measures relevant to built-heritage conservation. Originality/value There has been no attempt to come up with practical implications from the attitudes of residents on the conservation of built-heritage in the historic temple towns of Tamil Nadu, India.
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Schulz-Daubas, Victoria. "A prelude to new ways of thinking about traditionalism." Journal of Traditional Building, Architecture and Urbanism, no. 1 (November 20, 2020): 564–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.51303/jtbau.vi1.380.
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Lucien Steil’s book In the Mood for Architecture, Tradition, Modernism & Serendipity offers an illuminating and refreshing perspective on contemporary traditional architecture, and what it stands for today. Distilling a wealth of experiences as an architect, artist, teacher and writer, Lucien explores the grounding principles of traditional architecture; principles proven to bring harmony, vitality and variety to the built environment, as the continuing appeal of historic cities testifies. His comparisons between traditional and modern cities sharpen one’s own sensibility for the relationship between cultural heritage and local context, between the time-tested and the new. Lucien Steil. In the Mood for Architecture, Tradition, Modernism & Serendipity. Ernst Wasmuth Verlag, 2018.
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Nikiforova, M. M. "The symbiosis of “old” and “new” architecture – historical areas in modern cities." Zemleustrojstvo, kadastr i monitoring zemel' (Land management, cadastre and land monitoring), no. 3 (February 15, 2021): 198 (239)—206 (246). http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-04-2103-07.
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The article deals with the most important problem of modern cities - the combination of the "new architecture" with the historically established quarters. This problem is caused by the emergence of innovative trends in architecture, which are formed under the influence of aesthetic, cultural, financial trends, as well as technological progress. English version on pp. 239-246 is available at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/symbiosis-of-the-old-and-new-architecture-in-the-context-of-the-historic-urban-landscape-of-modern-cities/64067.html
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Jagxhiu, Besa. "New structure in the historical context case study: contemporary shopping mall in the historic center of Prizren." Pollack Periodica 15, no. 1 (April 2020): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/606.2020.15.1.22.
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Abstract The historic centers to retain their liveliness and vibrancy should be able to grow and change. It is a big challenge for the contemporary architecture to balance the socio-economic needs of the city and its community in one hand, and protection of the cultural heritage on the other. The aim of this study is to analyze the incorporation of the new structures in the historical context. How can the new structures harmoniously be incorporated in the historic centers without endangering their cultural heritage values? The paper discusses how to design a new contemporary shopping mall in the Historic Center of Prizren in order to create an attractive area and at the same time avoiding deterioration of the historical place.
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Choi, Jeongyoon, and Sohyun Park. "Understanding the Operation of Contextual Compatibility through the Relationships among Heritage Intensity, Context Density, and Regulation Degree." Buildings 11, no. 1 (January 9, 2021): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11010025.
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It is easy to assume that historic environments consist mainly of traditional pre-modern style buildings; however, contemporary architecture is continuously added to historic environments, and its construction is positively encouraged by international heritage organizations such as UNESCO and ICOMOS. The conditions required for introducing contemporary architecture to historic urban environments manifest through the concept of contextual compatibility. This paper examines the meaning and operation of this compatibility in changing urban historical and cultural environments. It offers an empirical interpretation of ‘compatibility’ using three new conceptual parameters: the level of conservation value and importance designated by the heritage conservation system (heritage intensity), the ratio of contemporary architecture in a historic environment (context density), and the range of controlling measures available for conservation (regulation degree). Based on a content analysis of the relevant literature and a case study of 24 sample sites, this paper illuminates how ‘compatibility’ operates in the field, which sometimes contradicts our common assumptions. The notable findings reveal that heritage intensity and context density in the historical environment are not directly proportional to regulation degree. Meanwhile, low context density tends to correspond with highly detailed regulations and emphasise the physical realization of traditional elements.
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Choi, Jeongyoon, and Sohyun Park. "Understanding the Operation of Contextual Compatibility through the Relationships among Heritage Intensity, Context Density, and Regulation Degree." Buildings 11, no. 1 (January 9, 2021): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11010025.
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It is easy to assume that historic environments consist mainly of traditional pre-modern style buildings; however, contemporary architecture is continuously added to historic environments, and its construction is positively encouraged by international heritage organizations such as UNESCO and ICOMOS. The conditions required for introducing contemporary architecture to historic urban environments manifest through the concept of contextual compatibility. This paper examines the meaning and operation of this compatibility in changing urban historical and cultural environments. It offers an empirical interpretation of ‘compatibility’ using three new conceptual parameters: the level of conservation value and importance designated by the heritage conservation system (heritage intensity), the ratio of contemporary architecture in a historic environment (context density), and the range of controlling measures available for conservation (regulation degree). Based on a content analysis of the relevant literature and a case study of 24 sample sites, this paper illuminates how ‘compatibility’ operates in the field, which sometimes contradicts our common assumptions. The notable findings reveal that heritage intensity and context density in the historical environment are not directly proportional to regulation degree. Meanwhile, low context density tends to correspond with highly detailed regulations and emphasise the physical realization of traditional elements.
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Lazzaro, Claudia. "Rustic Country House to Refined Farmhouse: The Evolution and Migration of an Architectural Form." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 44, no. 4 (December 1, 1985): 346–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990113.
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This study seeks to isolate a distinctive architectural tradition of the countryside in Italy through the examination of a single building type which served, over the course of its history, as both a country house for landowners and a farmhouse for tenant farmers. The hipped-roof block with central hipped-roof belvedere, apparently the invention of Vignola, appeared as a country house in Tuscany and Latium from the 1560s through the early 18th century. The sources of this building type reside in the local traditions of the countryside, castles, and farmhouses, and in the designs for country houses by several architects from the beginning of the 16th century which classicized, but still recalled, existing rural forms. The associations with both landowners and workers made it the preferred building type for the construction of new farmhouses under the land reforms of the late 18th century. This study of the development of a country house type and the characteristics of farmhouse architecture reveals that the two building traditions repeatedly interacted and that no clear distinction between monumental and vernacular architecture can be made, but rather that buildings in the countryside shared a set of symbolic forms particular to their setting.
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Lu, Yongyi, and Yanning Li. "Defining Local Heritages in Preserving Modern Shanghai Architecture." Built Heritage 3, no. 3 (September 2019): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/bf03545740.
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Abstract The notion that local heritage can be defined by the ‘collective memory’ of a city may be considered as being simplistic nowadays. Heritage is increasingly recognised as knowledge, a cultural product or even a political resource set within specific social circumstances. The local heritage underpins various ways of relating our past with our present and future, which are often much more complicated than we can imagine. The evolution of the conservation of Shanghai’s modern heritage architecture shows this complexity. By tracing more than 50 years’ progress in historic preservation, this paper shows how historical buildings from Shanghai’s early modern period were selected as urban heritage in the changing socio-political contexts of different time periods. Starting with how the first modern buildings were listed in a new Chinese narrative in the 1950s, this paper focuses on the great ideological changes and progress Shanghai achieved after China’s reform and opening policy since the 1980s. Emphasising the great significance of the establishment of local legislation for historic preservation as an extension of the national system, examples of the great enrichment of Shanghai’s local heritage are presented through multiple narratives and interpretations of Shanghai’s modern history. In a deeper observation of various practices and complicated contradictions, the historic preservation of Shanghai’s modern heritage architecture is shown to be a process of continuing to reconstruct the relationships between city and the State, the city and the world, as well as the city’s past, present and future in a pluralist society.
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Berke, Deborah. "Against Historic Preservation: Transforming Old Buildings for New (Sustainable) Futures." Journal of Architectural Education 72, no. 2 (July 3, 2018): 205–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10464883.2018.1496726.
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Polomová, Beata, and Andrea Vargová. "Reflection on Modernization of Historic Religious Architecture - Case Study: The Roman Catholic Parish Church, Rajec in Slovakia." Applied Mechanics and Materials 820 (January 2016): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.820.69.
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The historic churches renovation in Slovakia actively served to the religious cult, progressively responds to the gain of new function. It is the use of culture, such as concerts, exhibitions, guided tours. Within a renovation, historic buildings need to be modernized, especially their technical equipment. In this paper we explore a case study of the church restoration in the town Rajec in the north - western Slovakia. It is registered in the list of monuments. We focused on the monitoring of the building construction design which may affect the preservation and presentation of cultural historic values (windows, floors, ventilation, illumination, electro-acoustical amplification system). We concluded that demanding procedures for authentic restoration make sense, especially for the preservation of regional cultural and historical values.
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Al-Haidary, Ali. "Vanishing point: the abatement of tradition and new architectural development in Baghdad's historic centers over the past century." Contemporary Arab Affairs 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 38–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550910802622488.
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This article gives an extensive, detailed historic overview of Baghdad's unique architectural heritage from its ancient Sumerian roots in design through the Islamic and modern periods by an Iraqi professor of architecture. The functionally and aesthetically integrated residential architecture of the ancient Sumerians, its labyrinthine network of abutting houses with open inner-courtyards, ingenious ventilation systems, and enclosed balconies (shanāshīl) that formed the warp and weft1 of the fabric of the urban society which it supported for millennia is disappearing. The ancient patterns which still survive in Baghdad are not only emblematic of Middle Eastern architecture but are the essential imprint of Babel (Babylon) – the mother of all cities. The author demonstrates how modernization and rapid changes brought on by economic growth and population explosions led to unregulated building projects that were often conceived and implemented by foreign firms in abject disregard of the unique and irreplaceable cultural heritage of Iraq. Landmarks of culture have already been lost, and there is much still to lose, but it is not too late if proper funds, urban planning and action at the level of the individual can be marshalled to preserve the living museum of Baghdad's eternal architecture that is the most conspicuous physical expression of its social, cultural and historic identity.
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Lounsbury, Carl. "The Historic Architecture of New Bern and Craven County, North Carolina Peter B. Sandbeck." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 49, no. 3 (September 1990): 344–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990530.
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William J. Glover. "Shiny New Buildings: Rebuilding Historic Sikh Gurdwaras in Indian Punjab." Future Anterior: Journal of Historic Preservation, History, Theory, and Criticism 9, no. 1 (2012): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5749/futuante.9.1.0033.
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Litterick, Paul. "At Home He's a Tourist: New Zealand's Architectural Culture in the Eighties." Architectural History Aotearoa 6 (March 16, 2009): 94–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/aha.v6i.7695.
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I will discuss how architecture was presented and received during the 1980s in the non-specialist print media: magazines and books intended for the general public. During the decade, both the magazine and book publishing industries enjoyed unprecedented growth. The magazine sector saw the dominance of the New Zealand Listener challenged by new titles. Of these, Auckland Metro is the most interesting for architectural culture, since it published regular critiques (by the likes of Peter Shaw, Hamish Keith, David Mitchell and Pip Cheshire) of buildings and of town planning in Auckland. It also documented the rise and fall of the property developers, while arguing for the protection of historic buildings. Equally remarkable, though, is how Metro's interest in the civic aspects of architecture waned during the middle of the decade, as it became less concerned with politics and more with "lifestyle." Its emphasis shifts from public buildings to private houses, and discussion of these houses is centred more on the client than the architect. At the same time, individual architects are pictured as men (and sometimes women) of style, alongside fashion designers and hairdressers.
This movement towards lifestyle can be found in other publications of the period and represents a withdrawal from the public square to the private space. Architecture is represented less as a public concern and more as a personal desire - about finding the ideal home. This acquisitive and aspirational interest in architecture is represented most clearly in the Trends family of publications, but also in books of the period. A contiguous development was a growing interest in historic buildings. These are shown both as desirable places to live, but also as representations of New Zealand identity. Old buildings also became an important aspect of New Zealand's tourist industry. One important part of this representation is in the work of art photographers, such as Robin Morrison and Laurence Aberhart.
Parallels obviously can be made with the political climate of the decade, with its emphasis on personal gain and the dismantling of the public sphere by privatisation and de-regulation. Equally apparent is the contradiction of New Zealand discovering its heritage at a time when the historic buildings of its cities were being demolished. During the decade, buildings, architects and architecture become totems of larger forces in New Zealand society: of a nostalgia for the recent past, of progress to a brighter future and of a rediscovery of collective identity.
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Gaber, Tammy. "The Agency of Making and Architecture Education: Design-Build Curriculum in a New School of Architecture." International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR 8, no. 3 (November 30, 2014): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v8i3.507.
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Developing a curriculum for Canada’s newest school of architecture in forty years created the opportunity for a commitment to new pedagogy that would address changes and needs in the profession, particularly in the Northern context. The tri-cultural mandate of the school (First Nations, Francophone, Anglophone), and the desire to create a complete design-build curriculum aligned with the community’s commitment for change and the location of the school in former historic buildings downtown. The design-build curriculum means that in each studio year the cohort will design and construct at full scale a project relevant to the context of the school such as the ice fishing huts completed this past year. Optional design/build workshops in the summer in Europe allowed for additional experimentation of construction methods in other specific northern contexts. This paper outlines the larger and specific contexts for the design of the design-build curriculum, the processes of the first year of implementation, the agency of making both for the student and instructors and concludes with a discussion of the trajectory of design-build in the school.
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Fedorczak-Cisak, Małgorzata, Alicja Kowalska-Koczwara, Krzysztof Nering, Filip Pachla, Elżbieta Radziszewska-Zielina, Grzegorz Śladowski, Tadeusz Tatara, and Bartłomiej Ziarko. "Evaluation of the Criteria for Selecting Proposed Variants of Utility Functions in the Adaptation of Historic Regional Architecture." Sustainability 11, no. 4 (February 19, 2019): 1094. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11041094.
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In this article, the authors propose ways to evaluate the criteria for the considered variants of utility functions in the adaptation of historic regional architecture. The proposed set of assessment criteria (thermo-modernisation criteria, comfort of use, financial considerations, criteria of social benefits, and protection of cultural heritage) emphasises the multidimensional character of the problem of choosing a new function for a historic building. Some of the criteria are measurable while others are difficult to measure, which requires an expert approach to their assessment. The evaluation of the criteria was performed on the example of the historic building ‘Stara Polana’ located in Zakopane. The benchmark for the analysis was the existing condition of the ‘Stara Polana’ building, which is used as a hostel. The authors conducted a series of interdisciplinary studies specifying the potential of the new utility functions considered for the object in the context of the proposed criteria. The evaluation of individual criteria developed in this article is based on the multi-criteria analysis to be performed in the future and support the selection of a new function for the building in question.
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Li, Xiang, Xiang Lin Gu, Xiao Bin Song, and Jian Nan Wang. "New Method for Surveying and Mapping Architectural Plane In-House with Laser Reticule Images." Advanced Materials Research 133-134 (October 2010): 1213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.133-134.1213.
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Surveying and mapping the appearance of architecture plane is a supporting technology of historic buildings. To meet the need of plan survey in-house, a new close-range photogrammetry method was developed by laser reticule system. With the help of the system, two parallel level lines and eight vertical laser lines can be marked on the surface of inner walls. When the relationship between the distance from a vertical line and the length of the same line on an image picture is studied, the spatial location of room corners and some characteristic points on the images can be determined. Based on the photogrammetry and plane table operation method, architectural plane mapping can be done easily following a set of laser reticule images which were shot in situ closed by a non-metric digital camera. More details of historic buildings can be recorded on drawing sheets and images monogamy at the same time by using the proposed method, which are the basic information for the structural analysis of historic buildings.
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Álvarez, José Ignacio. "Historic Mortars and New Repair Materials for the Architectural Heritage: Selected Papers from the 5th Historic Mortars Conference (HMC 2019)." International Journal of Architectural Heritage 14, no. 7 (July 31, 2020): 943–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2020.1774859.
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Gupta, Kartik. "How to Choose the Best Architecture Design Pattern." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 25, 2021): 2639–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35580.
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The utilization of engineering and configuration designs affect the quality credits of a framework, and the use of examples rely upon plan settings. There are unpredictable reliant connections between them. In this examination, we investigate how engineers use to design and configuration designs regarding quality credits concerns and plan settings. We extricated design-related posts from Stack Overflow and broke down the engineering conversations. Our examination uncovers what settings and quality ascribe engineers consider when utilizing design examples, and we have recognized new and already obscure connections between these plan components. These discoveries can improve engineers' information when they plan with design designs, quality ascribes, and plan settings.
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McCarthy, Christine. ""all the appearances of being innovative": New Zealand architecture in the 1970s." Architectural History Aotearoa 13 (August 17, 2022): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/aha.v13i.7781.
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Mike Austin's seemingly faint praise, in a 1974 review of a medium-density housing development, that the architecture had "all the appearances of being innovative," is echoed in Douglas lloyd Jenkins' observation that: "Although the 1970s projected an aura of pioneering individualism, the image disguised a high degree of conformity." The decade's anxious commencement, with the imminent threat of the European Economic Community (EEC) undermining our economic relationship with "Mother Britain," was perhaps symptomatic of a risqué appearance being only skin deep. Our historic access to Britain's market to sell butter and cheese was eventually secured in the Luxembourg agreement, which temporarily retained New Zealand trade, but with reducing quotas, as a mechanism to gradually wean New Zealand's financial dependency on exports to Britain.
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Gleason, William. "The Missing Window: Caroline Emmerton, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and The House of the Seven Gables." Nathaniel Hawthorne Review 45, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/nathhawtrevi.45.1.0001.
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ABSTRACT This article examines the architectural history of the Turner-Ingersoll Mansion, the seventeenth-century Salem home long believed to have inspired the setting for Nathaniel Hawthorne's The House of the Seven Gables (1851). I focus in particular on the extensive renovations undertaken in the early 1900s by Salem philanthropist Caroline O. Emmerton, who, with the help of influential Colonial Revival architect Joseph Edward Chandler, sought to restore the mansion both as an historic house museum that would bring Hawthorne's novel to life and as headquarters for the charitable work of Salem's new immigrant-focused Settlement Association. Central to the novel, but notably missing from the restored house, is the large arched window through which Clifford peers out at the street. My article considers the significance of this missing window for a more thorough understanding, not only of Emmerton's renovations, but also of the architectural imagination of Hawthorne himself. Through this comparison, I argue that Hawthorne's novel, often considered racially conservative, shows itself surprisingly open to a polyglot future, a far more progressive take, in the end, than Emmerton's own.
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Van de Riet and Van de Riet. "The New Apprentice: Teaching Digital Technologies in Collaborative Historic Preservation Projects." Future Anterior: Journal of Historic Preservation, History, Theory, and Criticism 17, no. 2 (2020): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5749/futuante.17.2.0061.
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Dai, Shi Bing, Jin Hua Wang, Yuan Hu, and De Bing Zhang. "Lime-Based Materials and Practices for Surface Refitting of Cultural Heritage." Advanced Materials Research 133-134 (October 2010): 1241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.133-134.1241.
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The surface of cultural heritage and façade of historic buildings represent most values. The conservation of such surfaces need special cares, because most of them are non-structural exposed to extreme weather conditions. The refitting and consolidation delaminated surface were carried out using organic resins, like epoxy resins or cement suspension. However the evaluation in the recent years show such kinds of materials are not chemically compatible with historical materials. Based on inspection on cracks of Huashan’s Pictographs and other historic buildings in Shanghai and Hangzhou, a new system composed of adhesives and injection grouts based on natural hydraulic lime (NHL) has been developed for refitting and rehabilitation of delaminated surfaces made of natural stones, plaster and bricks. The laboratory researches and trial areas on site have shown the adhesives based on modified NHL have sufficient bonding strength to hold delaminated stone slices and blocks. Furthermore, they show slow setting and carbonation process, almost same heat expansion coefficient as the lime stone and inorganic historical materials. After exposure of 135days on site, the trial areas show neither cracking nor efflorescence. The application of developed adhesives and injection grouts in the restoration work of historic Shanghai plaster gates of Jiuxinli in Hangzhou, Zhejinag Province, has been observed positively. Because of high performance and competitive price against organic resins, they are expected to be an optimal material system in the future for façade restoration of architectural heritage and monuments.
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C. Ian Stevenson. "Viewpoint: Introducing Environmental History into Vernacular Architecture: Considerations from New England's Historic Dams." Buildings & Landscapes: Journal of the Vernacular Architecture Forum 24, no. 2 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5749/buildland.24.2.0001.
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