Journal articles: 'New approach methodologies'

1

Gow, Andrew. "Scientific Usefulness of New Approach Methodologies." Applied In Vitro Toxicology 8, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 65–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/aivt.2022.29030.editorial.

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Wambaugh, John F., Jane C. Bare, Courtney C. Carignan, Kathie L. Dionisio, Robin E. Dodson, Olivier Jolliet, Xiaoyu Liu, et al. "New approach methodologies for exposure science." Current Opinion in Toxicology 15 (June 2019): 76–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cotox.2019.07.001.

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Kanda, Yasunari, and Yasuhiko Yukuto. "Perspectives of drug development using new approach methodologies." Proceedings for Annual Meeting of The Japanese Pharmacological Society 96 (2022): 3—B—S32–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1254/jpssuppl.96.0_3-b-s32-3.

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Donohue, Mark, Tim Denham, and Stephen Oppenheimer. "New methodologies for historical linguistics?" Diachronica 29, no. 4 (December 14, 2012): 505–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.29.4.04don.

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Recent research claims that analysis of lexical cognate classes for a basic wordlist can reproduce linguistic subgroups within the Austronesian family (Gray et al. 2009). The analysis is open to question in two respects. Primarily, the lexically-based classification, primed with pre-established cognate classes of the family it seeks to emulate, fails to differentiate shared retentions from shared innovations. Secondly, languages and language families typically disperse through contiguous regions (especially in the Pacific) which means that geography or social distance should be expected crudely to match phylogeny in most cases. The reproduction fails because of local borrowing between branches not closely related to each other. For instance, when we examine disjunct distributions, cases in which the phylogeny does not match a straightforward geographic spread, we can determine which of these (phylogeny or geography) the lexical cognate approach preferentially detects. Where we find a mismatch between geography and phylogeny, Gray et al.’s approach clusters languages based on human geography (that is, social distance), not linguistic subgroup. In all cases of divergence between Gray et al.’s tree and accepted Austronesian trees, the discrepancy is a product of the former representing social distance rather than historical phylogenetic relationships. In summary, the examination of lexical cognate classes is not a valid proxy for the comparative method, though it is a useful heuristic for detecting pairs of languages that are either lexically conservative, or which show the effects of later lexical diffusion (without discriminating between these two outcomes).

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Embry, M., and C. Mitchell. "P17-03 New approach methodologies to evaluate botanical safety." Toxicology Letters 368 (September 2022): S227—S228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.07.613.

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Guercini, Simone. "New qualitative research methodologies in management." Management Decision 52, no. 4 (May 13, 2014): 662–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-11-2013-0592.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to deliver an introduction to the Special Issue on new qualitative research methodologies in management. Design/methodology/approach – The reasons of interest for the object of this Special Issue are explained through the discussion of a selected literature. Technological and sociological changes are considered as a source of new problem and new opportunities for management and management research. The traditional methods are put under strain by these changes and epistemological implications are considered. Findings – New qualitative methodologies analyzed in the Special Issue are characterized by drivers including hybridization with others methods, both qualitative and quantitative. New methods can contribute to reduce distance between researcher's and practitioner's context. Originality/value – A frame to analyze the new qualitative management research through the papers published in the Special Issue.

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Gašparík, Jozef, Borna Abramović, and Martin Halás. "New Graphical Approach to Railway Infrastructure Capacity Analysis." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 27, no. 4 (August 31, 2015): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v27i4.1701.

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A variety of methodologies are being used across Europe for the estimation of railway infrastructure capacity. This paper introduces the basic principles of the methodologies used – analytical methodology (e.g. Slovak railways), UIC methodology, and the graphically developed methodology of the Department of Railway Transport, University of Žilina (KŽD). On the basis of these new approaches, the occupation time estimation is researched. This new method is based on a graphic approach that uses operational time intervals as part of occupation time in accordance with the Slovak methodology. The new methodology concerns graphic capacity estimation and is a conceptual framework developed by the authors for easier evaluation of occupation time in train traffic diagrams.

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Нанба, Сария, Sariya Nanba, Юрий Тихомиров, YUriy Tikhomirov, Фатима Цомартова, and Fatima Tsomartova. "Social Concept of Law: A New Approach." Journal of Russian Law 2, no. 8 (September 22, 2014): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/5274.

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Social conception of right is presented in the article. The aims of conception it is been forming of behavioral mechanism of law, and also combination of private and public interests. On the basis of social conception of right the models of her realization are offered: “conservative”, “pessimistic”, “optimistic”. Elements are offered models that are the form of expression of substantive provisions to conception. Elements it is been: aim, social interest, measure of legitimity, methods of the socially-legal affecting behavior, self-regulation, legal consciousness and legal culture et al. Methodologies of measuring of social efficiency of the legal adjusting are also offered in the article. Authors consider actual next methodologies: level of legal knowledge, legal being informed, legal culture, relation of citizens to the right; satisfaction providing of social services; estimation of quality and availability of public organs; estimation of character and volume labour.

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Abedini, Jaleh, Bethany Cook, Shannon Bell, Xiaoqing Chang, Neepa Choksi, Amber B. Daniel, David Hines, et al. "Application of new approach methodologies: ICE tools to support chemical evaluations." Computational Toxicology 20 (November 2021): 100184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comtox.2021.100184.

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Moura, S., L. Cerqueira, and A. Almeida. "Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: current diagnostic methodologies and a new molecular approach." European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases 37, no. 8 (May 13, 2018): 1393–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10096-018-3251-5.

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Kouneiher, Joseph. "New Pragmatic Approach to Learning from Research Practices to Teaching Methodologies." International Journal of Education, Culture and Society 2, no. 6 (2017): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijecs.20170206.14.

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Liu, Lixia, Hao Su, and Felisse Marianne Z. San Juan. "A New Approach to the Psychological Identification of Mazu Costume Culture." Pacific International Journal 6, no. 4 (January 1, 2024): 08–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.55014/pij.v6i4.430.

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This research delves into the profound significance of Mazu costume culture, a distinctive cultural emblem and societal standard that instigates emotional bonds and fosters a sense of belonging within the Mazu faith community. Utilizing innovative methodologies, we probe into the psychological identification linked to Mazu costume culture. Eye-tracking technology, electroencephalogram (EEG), virtual reality, and social media analysis are harnessed to gauge the emotional dispositions and levels of identification individuals associate with Mazu costumes. The novelty of this paper lies in its methodological approach, intertwining theories and methodologies from psychology, cultural studies, and computational science to provide a comprehensive, multi-faceted investigation into the psychological identification of Mazu costume culture.

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ELLOS, WILLIAM J. "Some Narrative Methodologies for Clinical Ethics." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 7, no. 3 (July 1998): 315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180198703123.

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The increasing role played by medical ethicists in the clinical setting both as teachers and consultants has brought with it a demand for new methodologies that speak more precisely to the multiple problems encountered in actual attempts at case resolution. Some of these moves have to do with a revival of the truly classic case study approach to ethics, casuistry. This approach is anchored in the revelatory text of Jonsen and Toulmin, The Abuse of Casuistry. A fine example of this methodology is an article in The Journal of Clinical Ethics, “Gathering Information and Casuistic Analysis.” Conjoined to this approach is a renewed interest in virtue ethics. The groundwork for this was laid by MacIntyre's masterful history of its demise in After Virtue. A clear and concise application of this ancient but always new approach is given in Pellegrino and Thomasma's book The Virtues in Medical Practice. This way of doing ethics is particularly congenial to the practice of healthcare ethics in that it understands that virtue is just a rather fancy name for a good habit or skill. Since the practice of clinical medicine is quintessentially the learning and application of a range of often highly complex patterns of professional abilities and skills, a virtue ethics approach will allow for the concomitant development of a whole set of ethical skills. But both casuistry and virtue ethics may well be seen to be operative in a larger context now known as narrative ethics.

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Haneef, Mohamed Aslam. "Decolonizing Methodologies." American Journal of Islam and Society 20, no. 3-4 (October 1, 2003): 188–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v20i3-4.1836.

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Decolonizing Methodologies, by Maori educationist Linda Tuhiwai Smith, challenges the dominant western "frameworks of knowledge." Many of the concerns voiced in this book are shared by Muslims, who also have been colonized both physically and intellectually. Thus, there is something for Muslim scholars to learn in the attempts of others to address western disciplines of knowledge. Smith argues that from the vantage point of the colonized, the term research is inextricably linked to European imperialism and colonialism. She points to the system and framework of how European research was carried out, classified, and presented back to the West, and then, through the eyes of the West, back to the colonized, a process that Edward Said has called "Orientalism." The alternative is to address social issues of indigenous peoples within the wider framework of self-determination, decolonization, and social justice in order to create "indigenous research, indigenous research protocols and indigenous methodologies" that relate to indigenous priorities and problems. This new framework and approach requires a historical and critical analysis of the role of research in the indigenous world so that it can provide alternatives as to how we see knowledge and its social construction, as well as methodologies and the politics of research ...

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Tsuji, Kayoko, Ayano Satsuka, and Yasunari Kanda. "Current challenges and future perspectives of pharmacological testing using new approach methodologies." Folia Pharmacologica Japonica 156, no. 4 (2021): 208–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1254/fpj.21020.

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Ball, Nicholas, Remi Bars, Philip A. Botham, Andreea Cuciureanu, Mark T. D. Cronin, John E. Doe, Tatsiana Dudzina, Timothy W. Gant, Marcel Leist, and Bennard van Ravenzwaay. "A framework for chemical safety assessment incorporating new approach methodologies within REACH." Archives of Toxicology 96, no. 3 (February 1, 2022): 743–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00204-021-03215-9.

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AbstractThe long-term investment in new approach methodologies (NAMs) within the EU and other parts of the world is beginning to result in an emerging consensus of how to use information from in silico, in vitro and targeted in vivo sources to assess the safety of chemicals. However, this methodology is being adopted very slowly for regulatory purposes. Here, we have developed a framework incorporating in silico, in vitro and in vivo methods designed to meet the requirements of REACH in which both hazard and exposure can be assessed using a tiered approach. The outputs from each tier are classification categories, safe doses, and risk assessments, and progress through the tiers depends on the output from previous tiers. We have exemplified the use of the framework with three examples. The outputs were the same or more conservative than parallel assessments based on conventional studies. The framework allows a transparent and phased introduction of NAMs in chemical safety assessment and enables science-based safety decisions which provide the same level of public health protection using fewer animals, taking less time, and using less financial and expert resource. Furthermore, it would also allow new methods to be incorporated as they develop through continuous selective evolution rather than periodic revolution.

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Ricardez-Sandoval, Luis A., Hector M. Budman, and Peter L. Douglas. "Simultaneous Design and Control: A New Approach and Comparisons with Existing Methodologies." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 49, no. 6 (March 17, 2010): 2822–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie9010707.

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García-Remesal, M., H. Billhardt, R. Alonso-Calvo, D. Pérez-Rey, F. Martín-Sánchez, and V. Maojo. "Designing New Methodologies for Integrating Biomedical Information in Clinical Trials." Methods of Information in Medicine 45, no. 02 (2006): 180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1634064.

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Summary Objectives: To propose a modification to current methodologies for clinical trials, improving data collection and cost-efficiency. To describe a system to integrate distributed and heterogeneous medical and genetic databases for improving information access, retrieval and analysis of biomedical information. Methods: Data for clinical trials can be collected from remote, distributed and heterogeneous data sources.In this distributed scenario, we propose an ontology-based approach, with two basic operations: mapping and unification. Mapping outputs the semantic model of a virtual repository with the information model of a specific database. Unification provides a single schema for two or more previously available virtual repositories. In both processes, domain ontologies can improve other traditional approaches. Results: Private clinical databases and public genomic and disease databases (e.g., OMIM, Prosite and others) were integrated. We successfully tested the system using thirteen databases containing clinical and biological information and biomedical vocabularies. Conclusions: We present a domain-independent approach to biomedical database integration, used in this paper as a reference for the design of future models of clinico-genomic trials where information will be integrated, retrieved and analyzed. Such an approach to biomedical data integration has been one of the goals of the IST INFOBIOMED Network of Excellence in Biomedical Informatics, funded by the European Commission, and the new ACGT (Advanced Clinico-Genomic Trials on Cancer) project, where the authors will apply these methods to research experiments.

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BEZERRA, IGOR, Janeglaice Sanches, Cristina Ferreira, Raimundo De Oliveira, Ricardo Parente, and Jorge Brito Júnior. "ACTIVE METHODOLOGIES: FROM TEXT TO CONTEXT - A POSSIBLE APPROACH." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 7, no. 7 (July 31, 2019): 267–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss7.1608.

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The article active methodology: From the text to the context - A possible approach - consists of a bibliographic essay that relates didactic procedures denominated of active methodologies with the epistemological principles of the main progressive pedagogical tendencies, giving them theoretical and scientific support and constituting like a methodological didactic alternative capable of satisfying the peculiarities of the current social context and pedagogical relations that values the student and places it at the center of the process of teaching and learning meaningful .. The study searches in the studies of authors that resort to the basic assumptions of the New School Movement (From the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century) and from Vygotsky's Theories (1896-1934), Dewey (1859-1952), Ausubel (1918-2008) and Paulo Freire (1921-1997) and their association of principles in active methodologies as well as technically sound didactic procedures that can be pedagogical practices.

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Ruiz, Alejandro, Rafael Danilo García, Carlos Jorgensen, and Eduardo Jorgensen. "Medicsen Smartpatch: A New Approach to Diabetes Management." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): A322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.657.

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Abstract Introduction: Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by a dysregulation of the glucose levels. With insulin being the main drug to be administrated for glucose levels modulation, it needs to be injected subcutaneously with daily injections, which can lead to poor patient compliance, apart from several side-effects. Although other administration methodologies have been investigated (oral or inhaled insulin), they show enough drawbacks to not to be consider as feasible alternatives for diabetes therapy. That′s why Medicsen has developed a Smartpatch that integrates a wide range of technologies, with the purpose of ensuring the correct insulin delivery from the skin′s surface to the bloodstream using a non-invasive and painless drug delivery method through a phenomenon induced by sonophoresis. Materials and Methods: Several in vitro and in vivo tests have been performed to prove the efficacy and safety of the technology, allowing us to collect experimental evidence through different methodologies that demonstrate the therapeutic potential of the device. Among these methodologies, permeability studies using Franz diffusion Cell and swine models (that prove efficacy of the technology) as well as safety studies, for both the insulin and the skin are highlighted. Results: In voltage experiments, the mean time for the disappearance of the membrane potential between the compartments separated by skin was: 334.7 (SD+/-103.6) seconds. Regarding the slope of the voltage line, as an approximation to the transfer speed, an arithmetic mean of (μ)= 0.0164 Mvolts/sec (+/- SD(σ): 0.006) was obtained. No significant differences were found between the circular dichroism spectra of samples (minimum peak at 219nm (sd+/-8.31) and that of the standard, which suggests that the molecular structure of insulin maintains stability. In the same way, HPLC studies shows no variability between the standard and all groups tested. Regardin skin safety, SEM images shows no significant damage to the skin, and ELISA test for TNF α and IL-2, as well as other biochemical tests, show no differences between control and samples. On In vivo experiments with our technology, glucose changes are comparable to those evoked through direct drug injection using conventional syringes. Lastly, the technology proved to be effective in the delivery of insulin through the skin in a non-invasive way, as observed in a Franz Diffusion Cell system and in the in vivo model of blood glucose reduction. Conclusions: Results observed during in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that the technology developed by Medicsen is effective and safe for the patient and the insulin. Following steps, including human trials, will be critical to fully demonstrate its potential in the treatment of diabetes.

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Sudheer Menon, Vincent Chi Hang Lui, and Paul Kwong Hang Tam. "Statistical approach for predicting genome architecture and the major challenges." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 13, no. 1 (January 30, 2022): 433–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.13.1.0022.

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Genome engineering assumes an urgent part in quality guidelines. The utilization of high-throughput techniques for chromatin profiling and 3-D association planning gives rich exploratory informational collections depicting genome association and elements. This information challenge improvement of new models and calculations associating genome design with epigenetic marks. In this survey, we depict how chromatin design could be reproduced from epigenetic information utilizing biophysical or measurable methodologies. We talk about the pertinence and limits of these techniques for understanding the components of chromatin association. We likewise feature the development of new prescient methodologies for scoring impacts of underlying varieties in human cells.

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Kuchekar, Ashwin Bhanudas, Ashwini Gawade, and Sanjay Boldhane. "Hydrotropic Solubilization: An Emerging Approach." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 11, no. 1-s (February 15, 2021): 200–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i1-s.4724.

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Drug development plays an important role in patient safety and effectiveness. The therapeutic suitability of a new drug depends on the solubility. The solubility of the sparingly soluble drug remains a problem in identifying new active compounds. Solubility plays an important role in achieving optimal drug concentration. Low solubility is not only a concern for the production of formulations, but also an obstacle from the outset when identifying active chemicals for therapeutic purposes. Due to its simplicity in terms of ease of administration and economy, the oral route is the preferred route of drug administration over other routes. Effective aqueous solubility is the first prerequisite for oral medication, since low solubility has poor absorption and bioavailability and unpredictable toxicity of the gastrointestinal mucosa. To avoid these crises, different methodologies are used to improve the solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs, and hydrotropic solubilization is one of them. Hydrotropic agents have the potential to improve the solubility of water-insoluble drugs. In this review, we try to address hydrotropic solubilization methodologies. Keywords: Hydrotropy, Micelles, Solubility, Formulation.

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Stormi, Kati Tuulikki, Teemu Laine, and Tuomas Korhonen. "Agile performance measurement system development: an answer to the need for adaptability?" Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change 15, no. 2 (June 3, 2019): 231–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaoc-09-2017-0076.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to reflect upon the feasibility of agile methodologies, Scrum in particular, to supplement the procedural design and implementation of performance measurement systems (PMS). Design/methodology/approach The study is an interventionist case study that applied agile methodologies in the PMS development. Researchers actively participated in the PMS development, e.g. researchers designed some of the performance measurement prototypes in order to facilitate the agile development. Findings The study outlines an agile approach suitable for PMS development. The paper answers the topical needs for adaptability and agility in management accounting, by applying agile methodologies into PMS development. PMS development does not take place only as a project or process that systematically progresses from the measure selection to measure implementation. Instead, as the requirements for the PMS change during the development project, management may reject some measures and new measures emerge as the understanding about changing situations increase. Agile methodologies are a methodological way to respond to the inevitable change and to enhance management accounting adaptability. Research limitations/implications This study contributes to the PMS literature by proposing that agile development methodologies can advance organizational features that increase management accounting adaptability. As a result, the study proposes a new approach for PMS development to supplement existing ones. Agile methodologies are especially suitable for extending the PMS in new, yet relatively immature areas of performance measurement. The new approach applies Scrum principles in PMS development. By drawing from the theories of performance measurement (system) development and enabling PMS, the paper furthers academic understanding about agile development of accounting information systems. Practical implications Companies can use the proposed approach in PMS development, particularly after the initial system implementation in redesigning the system. The approach may increase the PMS impact in organizations and prevent PMS implementation failures. Originality/value The paper identifies the potential of using agile methodologies to enhance PMS adaptability and provides preliminary evidence of the potential of such approach in supplementing processual PMS development frameworks.

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Middleton, A., S. Cable, P. Russell, M. Baltazar, B. Nicol, P. Carmichael, M. Dent, et al. "Evaluating new approach methodologies for consumer-based risk assessments: challenges and future perspectives." Toxicology Letters 350 (September 2021): S69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4274(21)00410-0.

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Gilmour, N., J. Reynolds, K. Przybylak, M. Aleksic, N. Aptula, M. T. Baltazar, R. Cubberley, et al. "Next generation risk assessment for skin allergy: Decision making using new approach methodologies." Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 131 (June 2022): 105159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105159.

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Parish, Stanley T., Michael Aschner, Warren Casey, Marco Corvaro, Michelle R. Embry, Suzanne Fitzpatrick, Darren Kidd, et al. "An evaluation framework for new approach methodologies (NAMs) for human health safety assessment." Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 112 (April 2020): 104592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104592.

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Mondou, Matthieu, Gordon M. Hickey, HM Tuihedur Rahman, Steve Maguire, Guillaume Pain, Doug Crump, Markus Hecker, and Niladri Basu. "Factors Affecting the Perception of New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) in the Ecotoxicology Community." Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 16, no. 2 (February 24, 2020): 269–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ieam.4244.

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Cable, S., M. Baltazar, J. Reynolds, M. Dent, H. Li, and A. Middleton. "P25-01: Evaluating New Approach Methodologies for use in Next Generation Risk Assessment." Toxicology Letters 384 (September 2023): S281—S282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4274(23)00925-6.

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DeWitt, J. "S03-04 Will new approach methodologies (NAMs) ever work for developmental immunotoxicological outcomes?" Toxicology Letters 384 (September 2023): S23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4274(23)00316-8.

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Schmeisser, Sebastian, Andrea Miccoli, Martin von Bergen, Elisabet Berggren, Albert Braeuning, Wibke Busch, Christian Desaintes, et al. "New approach methodologies in human regulatory toxicology – Not if, but how and when!" Environment International 178 (August 2023): 108082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2023.108082.

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Piccione, A., A. A. Massa, M. L. Ruggiero, M. Serio, M. Rinaudo, D. Marocchi, and T. Marino. "Training teachers on new topics and new tools in Physics education." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2693, no. 1 (January 1, 2024): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2693/1/012010.

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Abstract We report the result of a collaboration among Universities, Schools, and Institutions to increase interest in new tools and learning environments. To address this issue, we provide scientific and didactic support to teachers through different kinds of training sessions to introduce innovative didactic methodologies for teaching and learning. The project involved a training course both in streaming and carried-out sessions with university staff as well as secondary school teachers. We selected current research such as climate change, space missions, and Einstein’s relativity since they are not commonly included in the Italian physics curriculum; we suggested an approach based on some new methodologies and technologies to introduce these topics. We used microcontroller development boards for measuring environmental parameters, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and data processing applied to Open Data from space missions or weather archives. We also suggested a new approach to teaching modern physics. For this purpose, we used a web-based platform to explore the basic concepts of relativistic physics by emphasizing its impact on Global Positioning Systems, which is of utmost importance in everyday life.

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Araújo, Gabrielle Luck de, Maria Augusta Amaral Campos, Maria Anete Santana Valente, Sarah Cristina Teixeira Silva, Flávia Dayrell França, Miriam Martins Chaves, and Carlos Alberto Tagliati. "Alternative methods in toxicity testing: the current approach." Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 50, no. 1 (March 2014): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-82502011000100005.

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Alternative methods are being developed to reduce, refine, and replace (3Rs) animals used in experiments, aimed at protecting animal welfare. The present study reports alternative tests which are based on the principles of the 3Rs and the efforts made to validate these tests. In Europe, several methodologies have already been implemented, such as tests of irritability, cell viability, and phototoxicity as well as in vitro mathematical models together with the use of in silico tools. This is a complex process that spans from development to regulatory approval and subsequent adoption by various official entities. Within this regulatory framework is REACH, the European Community Regulation for chemicals and their safe use. In Brazil, the BraCVAM (Brazilian Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods) was recently established to validate alternative methods and stimulate incorporation of new methodologies. A new vision of toxicology is emerging for the 21st century (Tox-21), and the subsequent changes are shaping a new paradigm.

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Bahishti, Adam A. "A Short Note on Scientific Research Methodologies." International Journal of Methodology 2, no. 1 (February 10, 2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/ijm.2.1.6867.

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Scientific research methodologies are critical to the advancement of scientific knowledge and the development of new theories and concepts. Researchers use a variety of methodologies to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, and answer research questions. Understanding the different research methodologies available is essential for selecting the appropriate approach to address specific research questions. This article provides a comprehensive overview of scientific research methodologies, including experimental research, observational research, survey research, case study research, and correlational research.

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Pearce, John Robert, and Philip L. Pearce. "Retro-methodologies: insights for city tourism research." International Journal of Tourism Cities 3, no. 1 (March 6, 2017): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijtc-01-2017-0002.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the applicability of older methodologies to contemporary city tourism research. Design/methodology/approach The paper reviews and identifies categories of methodologies for new uses. Findings Four methods are considered to advance the toolkit of city tourism researchers – two are projective techniques and two are judgment tasks. More specifically a version of the thematic apperception test and the cognitive mapping approach belong to the first category while the use of the triad judgement tasks and just noticeable differences assessments belong to the latter category. Research limitations/implications The techniques are advanced as proposals for further development. They have had only limited tourism city use and testing their usefulness offers creative possibilities for researcher insights. Practical implications New techniques are needed for the contemporary times and the suggested proposals fit this requirement. Social implications Non-questionnaire techniques provide better access to the social lives of those less familiar with surveys. Originality/value The work revitalizes older ideas and offers approaches which may prove a useful addition to the researcher toolkit.

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Gómez, Edgar Adhair Montes, Samantha Ixtepan Osorio, Luis Arturo Soriano, Guadalupe Juliana Gutiérrez Paredes, and José de Jesús Rubio. "Exploring a Material-Focused Design Methodology: An Innovative Approach to Pressure Vessel Design." Machines 12, no. 1 (January 20, 2024): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines12010081.

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The design of components and elements comprising industrial machinery, as well as those that are part of an industrial system, has been carried out in recent years using various design methodologies. Currently, the products demanded by customers, as well as the needs of different companies, governments, and individuals, require considerations beyond traditional design, including multidisciplinary aspects such as sustainability, environmental friendliness, and circular economy. The design methodologies considered for this study are the quality function deployment (QFD) methodology, the theory of inventive problem-solving methodology, Ashby’s Materials Selection methodology, and the systematic approach methodology, which are currently the main design methodologies. These methodologies present some disadvantages, such as multidisciplinary requirements not being considered directly, the selection of materials based on standards is not well established, and obtaining technical requirements is ambiguous for the technical purposes of the design or manufacturing, and the designer’s experience in these examples is important to the design process and the development of the product. For these reasons, the traditional design methodologies are presented, next, a new design methodology is proposed and described, then a case study is performed in order to compare the proposed methodology with traditional design methodologies. Finally, the results show advantages over the traditional design methodologies.

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Abdullah, Ahmad Badri. "An Analysis of Islamic Jurisprudence (Fiqh) as Applied Islamic Ethics." ICR Journal 5, no. 2 (April 15, 2014): 183–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.52282/icr.v5i2.402.

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As the dynamic cognitive part of the Shari’ah, fiqh is inclined to adapt to new challenges by adopting new methodologies and approaches. One such approach that has emerged recently is ‘applied Islamic ethics’. This new ethical approach is essentially based on the principles of the higher objectives of Shari’ah (maqasid al-Shari’ah) and attempts to anchor Islamic jurisprudence in its ethical dimension, which has been significantly neglected for some time. This article attempts to analyse the new approach by surveying its historical developments, its possible methodologies, the benefits emanating from its application and the possible challenges it needs to face.

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Lee, Daniel T. "Object-Oriented Application on Data Modelling and Knowledge Representation: A System Integration Approach." Journal of Information Technology 4, no. 4 (December 1989): 205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026839628900400404.

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Traditional data modelling techniques of DSS and modern knowledge representation methodologies of ES are inconsistent. A new unifying model is needed for integrating the two systems into a unified whole. After a brief review of data modelling techniques and knowledge representation methodologies, the unifying model will be described and integrated systems will be used to exemplify the usefulness of the unifying model.

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Mostafa, Yasmine S. G. "The Implementation of Tokkatsu as a New Co-inquiry Approach in Egypt-Japan Schools." European Journal of Teaching and Education 3, no. 3 (December 20, 2021): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/ejte.v3i3.702.

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Egypt-Japan Education Partnership (EJEP) is a partnership for a professional development training program that was established between Egypt and Japan in 2016 towards actualizing the new education system “Education 2.0”. This program is based on Japan’s holistic educational curriculum model, known as “Tokkatsu” or special activities. The purpose of this research is to investigate how the program is contributing to developing new teaching methodologies and strategies through tokkatsu, and to examine the outcomes in teachers’ practices following the program as well as identifying the challenges they face. In this qualitative approach, a convenience sampling was used consisting of two trainees of batches one and two from different schools and different specialization. An inductive analysis of the reports submitted by the trainees prior to, during, and following the program; and an exchange of emails were conducted. This method was utilized as an alternative to the follow-up visit that follows the program; given the current circumstances. The results show positive outcomes and implementation of new learning methodologies in teachers’ practices acquired from EJEP. These new methodologies contributed to developing student’s agency and enhancing a self-learning atmosphere. Students became more engaged in school life through tokkatsu, and this was reflected in their academic behavior as well.

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Revelles-Benavente, Beatriz, and Ana M. González Ramos. "Communication and Feminist New Materialism: Methodologies to understand the continuum between matter and discourse." Freiburger Zeitschrift für GeschlechterStudien 24, no. 1-2018 (December 3, 2018): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/fzg.v24i1.04.

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The relationship between literature and social networking sites (SNS) is a material context in which authors and readers merge into each other to create a literary communicative process that transforms contemporary politics. The aim of this paper is to analyse the communicative process by investigating the continuum between matter and discourse from a new materialist approach. From social sites, we can understand how elements, such as readers, authors, context, novels, culture and digital platforms, “intra-act” (Barad 2007) to create an affecting/ed communicative process. We propose feminist new materialism as a theoretical terrain that helps to reconfigure politics and communication in order to build a methodological framework for contemporary feminist politics and theory related to Literature. Using a digital genealogy and the theory of new materialism, we identify communication in literature as a trapping force in which different elements intra-act with each other and become indivisible. Affecting/ed communication is a dynamic conceptualization, a literary activity in which active agents participate in creative spaces for future social changes.

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Streit, D. A., and E. Shin. "Equilibrators for Planar Linkages." Journal of Mechanical Design 115, no. 3 (September 1, 1993): 604–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2919233.

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This manuscript provides a mathematical basis for comparing the complexity of equilibrator methodologies, extends the applications of those methodologies, and develops new methodologies. Two methodologies exist for spring equilibration of two degree of freedom revolute joint planar linkages. Extensions of both methodologies are now demonstrated for equilibration of all rigid body planar linkages having lower and/or higher order kinematic pairs. Reduction in complexity of these general methodologies is demonstrated when kinematic chains include only revolute joints. A mathematical description of the complexity of each of three equilibration methodologies is introduced to provide a means of comparing the effectiveness of each approach. Examples demonstrate the appropriate equilibrator design choice for particular applications, based on the mathematical description of system complexity. A new approach for equilibration of linkages having higher order planar kinematic pairs (1R1T) is introduced. A solution to the problem of spring mass in equilibrator design is presented. Examples are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of both the 1R1T equilibrator design scheme, and the spring mass equilibration scheme. The 1R1T design represents a first equilibration of pantograph type mechanisms.

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Bertyák, Ágnes. "Urban Morphology: The Classical and Modern Research Methodologies." Periodica Polytechnica Architecture 52, no. 2 (December 21, 2021): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppar.17988.

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This article aims to explore the Hungarian and foreign urban morphological studies as a basis for possible new investigation methods that can follow or innovate the existing methodologies. For this reason, the exploration of the currently known models is essential. The "classical" morphological studies dealt with the structural shapes, historical elements, and changes of the settlements, based mainly on empirical and manual research. In the 1980s, new "modern" research methods emerged with the help of computer software, statistical data and Geographical Information Systems, representing a quantitative approach. Today inter- and multidisciplinary morphological studies are also widespread, combining several areas like ecology, sociology or sustainability with urban studies providing new research directions.

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Yevdokymova, A., I. Kravchenko, A. Baranov, and O. Kubrak. "PROJECT METHODOLOGIES IN LOCAL GOVERNMENTS." Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu 2022, no. 2 (2022): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2022.2-21.

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In Ukraine, the changes concerning territorial communities and their development strategies are taking place at the legislative level. In accordance with this, local governments need to change the approach to their development, since there should be a long-term effect that can be monitored as well as its effectiveness evaluated. Project management, which is implemented by various methodologies, should be used to implement the development strategy of a particular territorial community. The project approach shows its effectiveness in different areas. At the same time, it is less represented in local government. The research studies the factors influencing the low level of project activities implementation in local governments in Ukraine. The case study of implementation of the project approach in the municipality of Sumy city while developing and implementing the Sumy City Development Strategy until 2030 is considered. General problems that arise during the project methodologies implementation in local governments and proposals for leveling them are identified. The research purpose is to analyze the use of project methodologies in local governments while creating development strategy for a territorial community. Nowadays, the requirements for the creation of development strategies of territorial communities have been adopted at the legislative level. These requirements should contain new criteria (e.g.: performance indicators), which were not mandatory before, and the officials often ignored them. Nowadays the existing approaches to strategy creation, and most importantly, its implementation, should be significantly revised, including reorientation from a short-term effect to a long-term one. In order this activity (development strategies creation) to be as effective as possible, it should be expedient for local governments to use project methodologies. The problem that we point out in the research is that there is a certain difficulty in project methodologies implementation in local governments while creating the development strategy for a territorial community.

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Song, Hoseok, Kiwon Lee, Youngmyung Hong, Jungho Choi, and Yongjae Lee. "P‐149: Late‐News Poster: Effective Approach to Failure Analysis of IC‐embedded OLED Display Device." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 54, no. 1 (June 2023): 1474–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sdtp.16867.

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With conventional methodologies and workflow in the failure analysis (FA) of display device, the result of FA was not clear enough to identify the defect source because it had been removed or deformed during PFA work. Therefore, new methodologies and workflow were proposed to resolve the limitations of current ones. This study with actual FA works of display failures like abnormal display failure and vertical line display failure, verified that the FA of display failure at module level successfully identified the source of defectivity without its alteration during PFA work. New methodologies and workflow would contribute to clear identification of failure source so that it gives feedback into inline, followed by improvement actions.

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Yang, Lu Jing, Ke Xing, and Sang Heon Lee. "A New Design Approach for PSS Conceptual Development." Advanced Materials Research 605-607 (December 2012): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.605-607.104.

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Product Service System (PSS) is introduced as a new concept which means the products and services can be integrated to a package and delivered to customer. From the definition and classification, a PSS can be seen as a system including a set of servicing modes of product. Therefore, designing appropriate PSS to satisfy customer requirements is an important issue in current research. This article reviews current design methodologies and categorized them into three patterns. Each pattern has its advantages and limitations. Hence a new design approach is proposed in this paper. This approach includes integral develop process and focuses on the conceptual design of PSS, which requires innovative thinking to identify possible servicing modes according to customer requirements. Then the evaluation method is provided to help designers to select the principle conceptual solution.

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Bellavista, Joan, Carmen Elboj-Saso, Carme García Yeste, and Beatriz Villarejo-Carballido. "Innovative Methodological Approach to Analyze Innovation and Social Impact." International Journal of Qualitative Methods 21 (January 2022): 160940692210833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16094069221083373.

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The scientific literature has presented evidence of the links between innovation and change and has published excellent methodologies to analyze them. Nowadays, international scientific programs like Horizon Europe prioritize social impact and co-creation; researchers need to develop methodologies to analyze the link of innovation with change and new knowledge and specially with social impact. This paper presents an innovative methodological approach to this endeavor using Social Media Analytics to investigate citizens' participation in paying attention to and differentiating between innovations with social impact and innovations without social impact. The method used to address this aim is Social Media Analytics, specifically through a Twitter sample on innovation and social impact composed of 16,794 tweets obtained during January–June 2021. The result obtained indicates that the definition of methodologies to capture citizens’ participation in paying attention to and differentiating between innovation and social impact is crucial for advancing this innovative methodological approach to analyze innovation with social impact.

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O’Keeffe, Linda. "Thinking Through New Methodologies. Sounding Out the City With Teenagers." Qualitative Sociology Review 11, no. 1 (January 31, 2015): 6–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.11.1.01.

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This paper explores the place for sound within social theory, more specifically, how sound as a subject can be interpreted methodologically. The paper examines the various methods implemented within a Ph.D. research project. The research adopted a participatory approach, examining the missing voices in the post design of place. In this way, the research focused on those groups often excluded in the design of urban space, teenagers. The methods included participant documented soundwalking, sound mapping, focus groups, and ethnographic soundwalks. This paper argues that a closer attention to sound, when examining the urban area, will help shape one’s understanding of the everyday. Methods that explore sound as part of the makeup of social life, either as place building or space making, whether they are politically intentional or historically relevant, need to be advanced.

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de Mera Sánchez, Prado Díaz, Cristina González Gaya, and José M. Arenas Reina. "The Holistic Approach of the Industrial Strategies of Continuous Improvement." Key Engineering Materials 502 (February 2012): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.502.133.

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Research in the late 80´s on technological companies that develop products of high value innovation, with sufficient speed and flexibility to adapt quickly to changing market conditions, gave rise to the new set of methodologies known as Agile Management Approach. In the current changing economic scenario, we considered very interesting to study the similarities of these Agile Methodologies with other practices whose effectiveness has been amply demonstrated in both the West and Japan. Strategies such as kaizen, Lean, World Class Manufacturing, Concurrent Engineering, etc, would be analyzed to check the values they have in common with the Agile Approach.

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Hansen, Per H. "Business History: A Cultural and Narrative Approach." Business History Review 86, no. 4 (2012): 693–717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680512001201.

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This article argues that a cultural and narrative perspective can enrich the business history field, encourage new and different questions and answers, and provide new ways of thinking about methods and empirical material. It discusses what culture is and how it relates to narratives. Taking a cultural and narrative approach may affect questions, sources, and methodologies, as well as the status of our results. Finally, a narrative approach may contribute to our historical understanding of entrepreneurship and globalization.

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Doktorova, Tatyana Y., Pamela Azzi, Joelle Hofer, Catherine J. Messner, Carine Gaiser, Sophie Werner, Pranika Singh, Barry Hardy, Laura Suter-Dick, and Christophe Chesne. "How to Foster ‘New Approach Methodology’ Toxicologists." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 50, no. 1 (January 2022): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02611929221078945.

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The need to reduce, refine and replace animal experimentation has led to a boom in the establishment of new approach methodologies (NAMs). This promising trend brings the hope that the replacement of animals by using NAMs will become increasingly accepted by regulators, included in legislation, and consequently more-often implemented by industry. The majority of NAMs, however, are still not very well understood, either due to the complexity of the applied approach or the data analysis workflow. A potential solution to this problem is the provision of better educational resources to scientists new to the area — showcasing the added value of NAMs and outlining various ways of overcoming issues associated with knowledge gaps. In this paper, the educational exchange between four institutions — namely, two universities and two SMEs — via a series of video training sessions, is described. The goal of this exchange was to showcase an exemplary event to help introduce scientists to non-animal approaches, and to actively support the development of resources enabling the use of alternatives to laboratory animals.

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Daniels, John. "How new is neo-phenomenology? A comparison of the methodologies of Gerardus van der Leeuw and Jacques Waardenburg." Method & Theory in the Study of Religion 7, no. 1 (1995): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006895x00207.

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AbstractIn this article, an attempt is made to relate the "intuitive" classical phenomenology of Gerardus van der Leeuw and the neo-phenomenology of Jacques Waardenburg. An outline of van der Leeuw's methodology is presented along with a summary of Waardenburg's critique. An account is then given of Waardenburg's alternative approach. When the two methodologies are juxtaposed, two points of convergence emerge. The first relates to the non-empirical nature of meanings; the second relates to the need to reconstitute the believer's world in order to gain understanding of phenomena. Discussion suggests that both methodologies entail the combined use of Erklären ['explanation'] and Verstehen ['understanding'] in explicating meanings. The conclusion is ventured that neo-phenomenology can be plausibly viewed as a modification of van der Leeuw's approach which is distinguished by greater hermeneutical sensitivity.

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Journal articles on the topic 'New approach methodologies'

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