Relevant bibliographies by topics / New antibiotics

Academic literature on the topic 'New antibiotics'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "New antibiotics"

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Nickas, Mark. "A PATENT PRIZE SYSTEM TO PROMOTE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW ANTIBIOTICS AND CONSERVATION OF EXISTING ONES." Pittsburgh Journal of Technology Law and Policy 12 (April 13, 2012): 255–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/tlp.2012.98.

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Antibiotics are valuable drugs that fight bacterial infections, but our supply of antibiotics is at risk. Existing antibiotics gradually lose their effectiveness due to bacterial resistance, and few new antibiotics are being developed to replace them. A variety of models have been proposed to promote the conservation of existing antibiotics or incentivize private actors, i.e., drug companies, to develop new ones. Previous models, however, all encourage investment in antibiotic research and development via patent rights, which also create an incentive to oversell antibiotics. Because the inappropriate use of antibiotics accelerates the development of resistance, patent rights put the public health objectives of antibiotic development and conservation in tension with one another. This article proposes an antibiotic-specific patent prize system that uncouples the two policy objectives necessary to achieve a stable antibiotic supply. Although others have proposed patent prize systems to promote drug development generally, the system described here is tailored to address the unique features of antibiotic markets.
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Friedland, Ian R., and Irja Lutsar. "New antibiotics." Current Opinion in Pediatrics 10, no. 1 (February 1998): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008480-199802000-00008.

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Faro, Sebastian. "New Antibiotics." Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 5 (1998): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1064744998000398.

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Faro, Sebastian. "New Antibiotics." Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 5 (1998): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-0997(1998)6:5<195::aid-idog1>3.0.co;2-6.

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Slain, Douglas, Rogerio Lopes-Júnior, Maria Inês De Toledo, Fernando Del Fiol, and Silvio Barberato-Filho. "Decrease in Antibiotic Sales in Brazil After New Control Legislation." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 4, suppl_1 (2017): S61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofx162.146.

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Abstract Background Brazil, like many Latin American countries, has struggled with the inappropriate use of antibiotics in the community without a prescription form a physician. Since November 2010, The Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency has established stricter control of antibiotic sales, which requires that a copy of antibiotic prescriptions be retained by the pharmacy for audit. Pharmacists now also have more severe civil and criminal liability if they allow the sale of antibiotics without a prescription. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of the new legislation preventing the sale of antibiotics in pharmacies without a prescription. Methods The data for antibiotic usage in units was collected from electronic monitoring of pharmacy members of the Brazilian Federation of Pharmacies (FEBRAFAR), which tracked information about the antibiotics sold in approximately 3,000 pharmacies from 1,500 municipalities across Brazil. We compared the sale of antibiotics during two time periods: 12 months prior to the new legislation and 12 months after. Results We observed a reduction in pharmacy sales of each class of antibiotics included in this study following the implementation of the new legislation. Pharmacy sales for 27 (84.4%) of the 32 antibiotics included in the study were reduced in response to the new legislation, whereas sales of five antibiotics were increased. Overall, tetracycline (−57.8%), co-trimoxazole (−28.8%), and amoxicillin (−29.1%) showed the largest reduction of all agents. With month to month analysis, the greatest reduction in units sold/month was observed for the following therapeutic classes: tetracyclines (30.5%), sulfonamides (28.5%), macrolides (25.0%), and penicillins (20.5%). Yearly trend analysis showed a significant reduction in antibiotics during the winter months (average monthly difference: −31.5%, P &lt; 0.05) Conclusion The reduction in the number of antibiotic units sold by pharmacies after the implementation of legislation designed to regulate antibiotic use in Brazil suggests that the policy is successful and will contribute to rational use of antibiotics in Brazil. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Akimkin, V. G., A. V. Tutelyan, N. I. Shulakova, and E. M. Voronin. "COVID-19 pandemic: a new round of antibiotic resistance." Infekcionnye bolezni 19, no. 3 (2021): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2021-3-133-138.

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In this article, we analyzed the problems associated with increasing antibiotic resistance, irrational use of antibiotics, and inadequate demand for them during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective. Using the method of digital epidemiology, we analyzed the dynamics of the frequency of a specific request for antibiotics in pharmacies and hospitals. We used open data from Yandex (Wordstat.Yandex) and Google (Google Trends) collected on weekly basis for the Russian Federation. Results. The World Health Organization reports a growing problem of antibiotic misuse by some individuals and healthcare institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Extensive irrational use of antibiotics causes the development of antibiotic resistance by many microorganisms, including those circulating in hospitals (for example, ESKAPE group). Moreover, COVID-19 has led to an exponential increase in the use of biocides worldwide, potentially resulting in additional indirect pressure promoting the selection of antibiotic-resistant strains. The pandemic in Russia was marked by a significant increase in antibiotic sales in pharmacies (including systemic antibacterial agents) and purchases by healthcare institutions. Conclusion. Our findings demonstrate that the rapid spread of COVID-19 was associated with extensive consumption of antibiotics, which resulted in growing antibacterial resistance (number of circulating drug-resistant strains) and posed a threat to the national security. The COVID-19 necessitates the discovery of new effective treatments for this infection, as well as rational use of antimicrobial drugs. The implementation of surveillance of antibiotic consumption will help to identify changing trends in their use, combine efforts to solve problems related to antibiotics and drug resistance, and to ensure rational use of antimicrobials. Key words: antibiotics, antibiotic resistance, pandemic, COVID-19, digital epidemiology
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Outterson, Kevin, John H. Powers, Enrique Seoane-Vazquez, Rosa Rodriguez-Monguio, and Aaron S. Kesselheim. "Approval and Withdrawal of New Antibiotics and other Antiinfectives in the U.S., 1980–2009." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 41, no. 3 (2013): 688–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jlme.12079.

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Antibiotic use triggers evolutionary and ecological responses from bacteria, leading to antibiotic resistance and harmful patient outcomes. Two complementary strategies support long-term antibiotic effectiveness: conservation of existing therapies and production of novel antibiotics. Conservation encompasses infection control, antibiotic stewardship, and other public health interventions to prevent infection, which reduce antibiotic demand. Production of new antibiotics allows physicians to replace existing drugs rendered less effective by resistance.In recent years, physicians and policymakers have raised concerns about the pipeline for new antibiotics, pointing to a decline in the number of antibiotics approved since the 1980s. This trend has been attributed to high research and development costs, low reimbursement for antibiotics, and regulatory standards for review and approval. Professional societies and researchers around the world have called for renewed emphasis on antimicrobial stewardship, while also supporting antibiotic research and development through grants, changes to intellectual property laws to extend market exclusivity periods, and modification of premarket testing regulations to reduce antibiotic development time and expenses.
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Conly, JM, and BL Johnston. "Where are all the new antibiotics? The new antibiotic paradox." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 16, no. 3 (2005): 159–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2005/892058.

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At the beginning of the 20th century, illnesses caused by infectious agents ranked among the most common causes of death in North America and, indeed, worldwide. By the middle of the century, dramatic advances in the diagnosis, management and prevention of infectious diseases had occurred, and hopes were raised that many infectious diseases would be eliminated by the end of the 20th century. Much of this success in the management of infectious diseases was related to a continuous new armamentarium of antibiotics. The discovery of penicillin by Fleming in 1928 followed by the discovery and clinical use of sulphonamides in the 1930s heralded the age of modern antibiotherapy (1,2). Penicillin came into widespread use during the early 1940s. By the 1950s, the 'golden era' of antibiotic development and use was well underway, and multiple new classes of antibiotics were introduced over the next two decades (Table 1) (3).
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Norris, Pauline, Marianna Churchward, Fuafiva Fa'alau, and Cecilia Va’ai. "Understanding and use of antibiotics amongst Samoan people in New Zealand." Journal of Primary Health Care 1, no. 1 (2009): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc09030.

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INTRODUCTION: Use of antibiotics is high in Samoa and this may affect the expectations and patterns of antibiotic use of Samoans in New Zealand. AIM: This study examined the understanding and reported use of antibiotics amongst Samoans in New Zealand. METHODS: In-depth interviews were held with 13 Samoans in New Zealand. These interviews were analysed and used to develop a questionnaire that was administered to 112 Samoans attending health care facilities in New Zealand. RESULTS: Many participants had little understanding of antibiotics. Less than 2% identified the correct purpose for antibiotics, and 66% thought they were used to relieve pain. Respondents regarded a wide range of medicines (including some which they regularly took) as antibiotics. They frequently attributed colds and flu to environmental conditions (96%), and regarded antibiotics as a useful treatment for them (81%). They reported stopping taking antibiotics before finishing the course. Very few (8%) were aware of antibiotic resistance. DISCUSSION: Health care practitioners cannot assume that patients share a Western scientific understanding of which illnesses are caused by microbes, or what antibiotics are or do. People may have significant confusion about the medicines they take. Samoans, whether they are born in New Zealand or not, may hold traditional Samoan views about health and illness. KEYWORDS: Antibiotics, lay knowledge, URTI (upper respiratory tract infections), Samoa, New Zealand
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JOYNER, MICHELE L. "MODELING THE DIFFERENCES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW ANTIBIOTIC CLASS VERSUS THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NEXT GENERATION ANTIBIOTIC ON THE TOTAL RESISTANCE IN A HOSPITAL SETTING." Journal of Biological Systems 20, no. 01 (March 2012): 109–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339012500039.

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The increase in antibiotic resistance continues to pose a major public health risk leading to a more intense focus on ways to limit and even reduce this threat. One such effort is the push for twenty new classes of antibiotics by the year 2020. Most of the current antibiotics used today are derivations of antibiotics first introduced forty to fifty years ago. In this paper, we develop mathematical models to simulate the difference between implementing a next generation antibiotic versus a new class antibiotic within a hospital setting. Using these models, we simulate the short term and long term effects of using the new antibiotic to combat existing levels of antimicrobial resistance. In addition to analyzing the difference in antibiotic classes, we also analyze the effects of the method of administration of the new antibiotic. Simulations suggest a need in the long term for the development of new classes of antibiotics administered in a very structured, targeted manner.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "New antibiotics"

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Santiago, Marina Joy. "New Genomics Tools and Strategies for Studying Antibiotics and Antibiotic-Resistance in Staphylococcus Aureus." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493460.

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Staphylococcus aureus is a gram positive coccoid pathogen that causes intractable infections in hospitals and communities around the world, and tens of thousands of people die of these infections every year. In order to combat these antibiotic-resistant infections, we need to better understand the genes involved in resistance to the cell stress caused by antibiotic treatment, which will enable the discovery of new antimicrobials and the development of novel therapeutic strategies. We chose to use an approach to this problem that utilizes a new phage-based high frequency of transposition system. In this work, we adapted this system so that transposon mutant libraries can be made and sequenced using next-generation sequencing (NGS) in any strain of S. aureus. We validated our new platform by performing a temperature screen and identifying mutants that are significantly resistant or sensitive to temperature-stress. Next, we created transposon libraries in two MRSA strains to show that this system can be broadly applied to other S. aureus strains, and we used one of these libraries to identify a new interaction between two genes involved in the secretion of sortase-anchored surface proteins. To better understand antibiotic-resistance, we performed Tn-Seq on transposon libraries treated with a small panel of six different antibiotics to identify intrinsic resistance factors to these antibiotics. We identified two new intrinsic resistance factors, SAOUHSC_01025 and SAOUHSC_01050, that sensitize to many cell envelope targeting antibiotics and may be involved in hemolysin regulation. Finally, we expanded this approach to sequence transposon libraries treated with 25 different antibiotics. Based on these data, we were able to develop methods for predicting the mechanism of action of new antibiotics. These methods involve identifying genes upregulated by transposon insertion and applying machine learning algorithms to identify similarities to a curated panel of well-studied antibiotics with known mechanisms of action. This work will enable many new functional genomics studies in S. aureus, and it will allow us to gain a better understanding of antibiotic resistance in this dangerous pathogen.
Chemical Biology
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Zhang, Ziyang. "A Platform for the Discovery of New Macrolide Antibiotics." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493421.

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The macrolide class of antibiotics has been widely used to treat bacterial infections for over 65 years. To date, all practical routes to clinically used macrolide antibiotics have relied on the chemical modification of the fermentation product erythromycin, a process referred to as semisynthesis. As bacterial resistance to semisynthetic macrolides emerges, a new approach to the discovery of structurally novel antibiotic candidates is urgently required. This dissertation presents a general and practical strategy for the synthesis of macrolide antibiotics based on the convergent assembly of simple building blocks. Implementation of this strategy has led to the synthesis of novel macrolide antibiotic candidates in as few as 10 longest linear steps (from building blocks). The synthesis features a thermal macrocyclization reaction that proves generally successful for the construction of several macrolide scaffolds. In the past four years, my coworkers and I have prepared more than 350 fully synthetic macrolides with substantial structural diversity by adaptation of the synthetic route, variation of the building blocks, or a synergic combination of both. Preliminary antimicrobial testing against a panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains reveals that many of the fully synthetic macrolides exhibit promising activities, and several of them are efficacious against pathogens resistant to currently used macrolide antibiotics. Also described in this dissertation are chemical methods developed specifically for the practical synthesis of two key building blocks. The 3-amino sugar desosamine, a common constituent of many macrolide antibiotics, is synthesized in four steps from methyl vinyl ketone. The key step of the synthesis involves a new method developed for the single-step construction of 3-nitro sugars by the coupling of γ-nitro alcohols and glyoxal. This method has been applied to the preparation of an array of 3-amino sugars analogous to desosamine, which have been incorporated to provide novel macrolides with modified glycosidic residues. The synthesis of silyl enol ether 72 is enabled by an efficient directed Claisen reaction. The reaction of the lithium enolate of a tert-butyl ester and a phenyl ester in the presence of lithium hexamethyldisilazide affords a tert-butyl β-keto ester in high yield. Two subsequent steps transform this product to silyl enol ether 72.
Chemistry and Chemical Biology
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Knight, J. "New synthetic methods for the synthesis of #BETA#-lactam antibiotics." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373921.

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Dawson, Janet Ruth. "The synthesis and electrochemical studies of a new valinomycin analogue containing remote functionality." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315981.

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Bower, S. "New methods in acyclic stereocontrol directed towards the synthesis of bafilomycin A1." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272787.

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Bouloc, Nathalie Sylvie. "New methodologies for the construction of polyether libraries." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324807.

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Northern, William I. "DISCOVERY OF NEW ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS USING COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1197323543.

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Mehanni, Magda Mohamed. "Targeting Bacillus subtilis essential genes for the development of new antibiotics." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419577.

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Murray, Clare Louise. "A new approach to the synthesis of DNA-interactive pyrrolo-[1,4]-benzodiazepin-5-ones." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321143.

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Templey, Margaret Patricia. "The synthesis of some new heterocyclic analogues of the beta-lactam antibiotics." Thesis, University of Bath, 1988. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384557.

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Books on the topic "New antibiotics"

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1948-, Priebe Waldemar, and American Chemical Society. Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry., eds. Anthracycline antibiotics: New analogues, methods of delivery, and mechanisms of action. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1995.

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P, Rosen Barry, Mobashery Shahriar, and Symposium on Resolving the Antibiotic Paradox: Progress in Drug Design and Resistance (1997 : Wayne State University), eds. Resolving the antibiotic paradox: Progress in understanding drug resistance and development of new antibiotics. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum, 1998.

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N, Chakrabarty A., and National Institute of Science Communication (New Delhi, India), eds. Non antibiotics: A new class of unrecognised antimicrobics. New Delhi: National Institute of Science Communication, 1998.

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Center for Drugs and Biologics (U.S.). Guideline on formatting, assembling, and submitting new drug and antibiotic applications. Rockville, Md: Center for Drugs and Biologics, Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and Human Services, 1987.

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1934-, Neu Harold C., Young Lowell S, and Zinner Stephen H. 1939-, eds. The New macrolides, azalides, and streptogramins: Pharmacology and clinical applications. New York: M. Dekker, 1993.

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1939-, Zinner Stephen H., and ICMASK (4th : 1998 : Barcelona, Spain), eds. New considerations for macrolides, azalides, streptogramins, and ketolides. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2000.

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Gray, Lynn. Antibiotic resistance: New products and strategies. Norwalk, CT: Business Communications Co., 2002.

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Bellido, F. The new -lactams: Mode of action, mechanisms of resistance. Basle, Switzerland: Roche, 1989.

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1939-, Zinner Stephen H., and International Conference on the Macrolides, Azalides, and Streptogramins (3rd : 1996 : Lisbon, Portugal), eds. Expanding indications for the new macrolides, azalides, and streptogramins. New York: Dekker, 1997.

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NATO, Advanced Research Workshop on a. New Model for Analyzing Antimicrobial Peptides with Biomedical Applications (2001 Prague Czech Republic). A new model for analyzing antimicrobial peptides with biomedical applications. Amsterdam: IOS Press, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "New antibiotics"

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Lancini, Giancarlo, Francesco Parenti, and Gian Gualberto Gallo. "The Search for and Development of New Antibiotics." In Antibiotics, 215–41. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9200-3_7.

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Adachi, Takashi, and Shigeo Morimoto. "Clarithromycin and new derivatives of erythromycin." In Macrolide Antibiotics, 53–72. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8105-0_5.

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Saeidnia, Soodabeh. "Anticancer Antibiotics." In New Approaches to Natural Anticancer Drugs, 51–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14027-8_4.

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Njoroge, Jacqueline W., and Vanessa Sperandio. "Interference with Bacterial Cell-to-Cell Chemical Signaling in Development of New Anti-Infectives." In Antibiotics, 241–61. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527659685.ch10.

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Georghiou, Luke, J. Stanley Metcalfe, Michael Gibbons, Tim Ray, and Janet Evans. "Beecham Group: New Antibiotics." In Post-Innovation Performance, 292–94. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07455-6_37.

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Villa, Tomás G., Lucía Feijoo-Siota, José Luis R. Rama, Angeles Sánchez-Pérez, and Trinidad de Miguel-Bouzas. "Human Mutations Affecting Antibiotics." In New Weapons to Control Bacterial Growth, 353–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28368-5_14.

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Labischinski, Harald, Christoph Freiberg, and Heike Brötz-Oesterhelt. "The Search for New Antibiotics." In Pathogenomics, 505–31. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/352760801x.ch23.

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Kaplan, Sheldon L. "New Antibiotics and Bacterial Resistance." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 5–8. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8993-2_2.

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Bryskier, André. "In Pursuit of New Antibiotics." In Antimicrobial Agents, 1242–59. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555815929.ch51.

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Boeck, LaVerne D. "New Antibiotics: Antifungals from Aspergillus." In Frontiers in Industrial Mycology, 54–65. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7112-0_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "New antibiotics"

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Kumalasari, Yeni Indra, Agung Dian Kharisma, and Sri Yuwantiningsih. "Potential of Karimunjawa Island’s Plants as Antibiotic-Producing Endophytic Bacteria Sources." In The 2nd International Conference on Technology for Sustainable Development. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-kv25ou.

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Endophytic bacteria have a great potential to be applied as biofertilizers and biopesticides, but their information as a source of antibiotics still needs to be developed and explored. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential sources of antibiotics in endophytic bacteria isolated from the stems of Setigi, Wahong, Bongko, Kalimosodo, Dewandaru, and Legundi plants on Karimunjawa Island. Molecular approaches were performed to isolate, characterize, and identify bacterial endophytes as potential antibiotic sources by plate assay and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Dewandaru isolate was identified as gram-negative bacteria, whereas; gram-positive bacteria were detected in other isolates. Moreover, Setigi and Dewandaru isolates showed the highest level to inhibit the growth of Fusarium sp and displayed 99% similarity with antibiotic-producing bacteria, namely Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus cereus, respectively. These results indicate the possibility of antibiotic activities by Setigi and Dewandaru isolated. Therefore, it is assumed that both Setigi and Dewandaru isolates potentially appeared as new antibiotics sources from local plants. This study provides novel insight into the future production of novel antibiotics derived from plant-associated endophytic bacterial as a strategy for increasing the application of natural compounds to control plant diseases in agriculture.
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Liu, Miao, and Wenjun Wang. "Analysis of antibiotic purchasing service design based on SAPAD-AHP method." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002124.

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In the medical field, more than half of people will choose antibiotics for self-medication, they believe that antibiotics can be used for illnesses such as colds and fevers, or even for viral infections, which accelerates bacterial immunity to antibiotics. Misuse of antibiotics is not only unhelpful, but can damage the organism in a variety of ways that can lead to drug resistance, drug toxicity and allergic reactions. Worldwide, hundreds of thousands of people die each year due to bacterial resistance. In China, the use of antibiotics is even higher in outpatient and inpatient settings. The misuse of antibiotics poses a serious threat to the effectiveness of their use. In order to raise awareness of the dangers of antibiotic misuse, reduce people's choice of non-essential antibiotic medication, and expand and improve monitoring of health care institutions, this study introduces the SAPAD model and AHP to tap into users' real needs and complete a study of users' service design system for antibiotic drug purchase.The article uses observation method, user interview method and questionnaire method in the early stage to get the process of users' medicine purchase in common flu. Based on the SAPAD model framework, the user behavior is disassembled, and the people and things involved in the drug purchase process are listed to complete the mapping of behavior-object-meaning. The study obtained meaning clusters by clustering analysis of meaning layers, and combined with AHP to calculate the weight of each meaning cluster to derive core meaning clusters. The SAPAD model is a user-centered model framework for solving practical problems, which can start from the user's behavior, analyze, cluster and reorganize the meaning behind the behavior layer by layer, and finally dig into the user's real needs; the AHP method combines qualitative and quantitative analysis, and is highly logical and scientific, which can be applied to this topic The effective combination of SAPAD model and hierarchical analysis can gradually quantify the qualitative analysis and obtain more objective research results, which provides new ideas for the theoretical research framework of service design.This study completes the construction of meaning-based objects through the mapping of core meaning clusters to objects. The research process analyzes the key behaviors of users in purchasing drugs in common influenza, and obtains four semantic level meaning clusters through cluster analysis, namely "want to buy drugs quickly and correctly", "want to fully understand the effects of drugs", "want doctors to provide advice on appropriate medication" and "want to raise awareness of antibiotic medications". The study used AHP to analyze the meaning clusters and calculated the weights of each level to obtain the core meaning clusters of "buy the right medicine quickly", "get the right medication diagnosis", and "understand the effect of the medicine".The study reconstructed the service design system for users to purchase drugs in the process of common influenza through user requirements, summarized the key design elements, and improved the service function modules of online drug purchase and online consultation and advice.This study combines SAPAD model and AHP to design research on the user's antibiotic purchase process. Through the SAPAD model, we deeply study the user behavior, get the mapping of user behavior and meaning, and combine the quantitative research of AHP to get the core meaning cluster "quickly buy the right medicine", "get the right diagnosis of medication" and "understand the effect of medication", which guide the design of the service system of user's medication purchase process and the design of the APP for online medication purchase consultation. The SAPAD-AHP method in this study improved the function of the service system for antibiotic purchase process, and the designed output APP effectively improved the user's knowledge on the cautious use of antibiotics, strengthened the supervision of doctors' prescribing of antibiotics, and provided an effective solution to improve the problem of excessive use of antibacterial drugs in primary care institutions and rural areas.
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Posso, Marina Cassago, João Lourenço Serrano, Paulo Almeida, Fernanda Domingues, Samuel Silvestre, and Susana Ferreira. "New Fluoroquinolone–Phenothiazine Hybrids and Their Antimicrobial Activity." In The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Antibiotics—Drugs for Superbugs: Antibiotic Discovery, Modes of Action And Mechanisms of Resistance. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/eca2022-12722.

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Soares, Jennifer M., Vanderlei S. Bagnato, and Kate C. Blanco. "Synergistic enhancement effects of antibiotic combination with photodynamic inactivation." In Latin America Optics and Photonics Conference. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/laop.2022.w4a.29.

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Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most severe threats to global public health in this century. Photodynamic Inactivation (PDI) is an alternative to antibiotic therapy, a standard treatment for infections because the combination of a photosensitizer with light leads to the production of reactive oxygen species that promote eliminating undesirable cells without bacterial selection and with few side effects for the patient. This work investigates whether PDI can restore bacterial sensitivity to antibiotics. PDI protocols using curcumin and light at 450 nm are applied at regular intervals and new values of minimum inhibitory concentration of antibiotics are obtained. As a result, we observed that PDI treatments can decrease MIC. Thus, the combination of both antimicrobial therapies may result in synergistic effects.
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Wang, Myra, Carlo Marra, R. K. Elwood, J. M. Fitzgerald, and Fawziah Marra. "Use Of Antibiotics Delays Diagnosis Of Tuberculosis." In American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a1790.

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Pacholak, Amanda, and Ewa Kaczorek. "The Role of Selected Environmental Bacteria in Decomposition of Nitrofuran Antibiotics." In The 5th World Congress on New Technologies. Avestia Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/icepr19.134.

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Hryhoriv, Halyna, Sergiy M. Kovalenko, Lyudmila Sidorenko, Natalia Filimonova, Lina Perekhoda, and Victoriya Georgiyants. "Hybridization of Fluoroquinolones as a Promising Pathway towards New Antibiotics." In ECMC 2022. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecmc2022-13145.

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Dive, Georges, Dominique Dehareng, Theodore E. Simos, and George Maroulis. "Applied Quantum Chemistry to Design Antibiotics." In COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING: Theory and Computation: Old Problems and New Challenges. Lectures Presented at the International Conference on Computational Methods in Science and Engineering 2007 (ICCMSE 2007): VOLUME 1. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2836068.

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Liu, Chunye, Yanqing Miao, Yihui Guo, Yinjuan An, Yunfang Li, Huanhuan Liu, Jia Chen, Jiarui Liu, and Huibin Dai. "Chiral drugs separation by a new antibiotics-based chiral stationary phase." In International Conference on Medical Engineering and Bioinformatics. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/meb140641.

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WU, yongzheng, Dominique leduc, Viviane BALLOY, Ignacio GARCIA-VERDUGO, reuben RAMPHAL, Michel Chignard, and Lhousseine Touqui. "Bactericidal Effect Of SPLA2-IIA On Antibiotics Multi-resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa." In American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a5122.

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Reports on the topic "New antibiotics"

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Zhang, Yong. Efficacy and safety of corticosteroid therapy in patients with cardiac arrest: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.1.0014.

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Review question / Objective: Our goal was to assess the effect of primary treatment outcome (overall survival rate at hospital discharge, rate of sustained ROSC) and secondary outcomes (favorable neurological outcomes at hospital discharge and adverse events including hyperglycemia, insulin infusion, hypernatremia, infection, gastrointestinal bleeding, new or changing antibiotics, paresis, renal failure). Information sources: Two researchers (Zhou FW and Liu C) independently searched the PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science and China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI) databases from inception to 11 October, 2022 by using medical subject headings (MeSH), Emtree, and text word with no language limitations.
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Levisohn, Sharon, Mark Jackwood, and Stanley Kleven. New Approaches for Detection of Mycoplasma iowae Infection in Turkeys. United States Department of Agriculture, February 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7612834.bard.

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Mycoplasma iowae (Mi) is a pathogenic avian mycoplasma which causes mortality in turkey embryos and as such has clinical and economic significance for the turkey breeder industry. Control of Mi infection is severely hampered by lack of adequate diagnostic tests, together with resistance to most antibiotics and resilience to environment. A markedly high degree of intra-species antigenic variation also contributes to difficulties in detection and control of infection. In this project we have designed an innovative gene-based diagnostic test based on specific amplification of the 16S rRNA gene of Mi. This reaction, designed Multi-species PCR-RFLP test, also amplifies the DNA of the pathogenic avian mycoplasmas M. gallisepticum (Mg) and M. synoviae (Ms). This test detects DNA equivalent to about 300 cfu Mi or either of the other two target mycoplasmas, individually or in mixed infection. It is a quick test, applicable to a wide variety of clinical samples, such as allantoic fluid or tracheal or cloacal swab suspensions. Differential diagnosis is carried out by gel electro-phoresis of the PCR amplicon digested with selected restriction enzymes (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism). This can also be readily accomplished by using a simple Dot-Blot hybridization assay with digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotide probes reacting specifically with unique Mi, Mg or Ms sequences in the PCR amplicon. The PCR/OLIGO test increased sensitivity by at least 10-fold with a capacity for rapid testing of large numbers of samples. Experimental infection trials were carried out to evaluate the diagnostic tools and to study pathogenesis of Mi infection. Field studies and experimental infection of embryonated eggs indicated both synergistic and competitive interaction of mycoplasma pathogens in mixed infection. The value of the PCR diagnostic tests for following the time course of egg transmission was shown. A workable serological test (Dot Immunobinding Assay) was also developed but there was no clear-cut evidence that infected turkeys develop an immune response. Typing of a wide spectrum of Mi field isolates by a variety of gene-based molecular techniques indicated a higher degree of genetic homogeneity than predicted on the basis of the phenotypic variability. All known strains of Mi were detected by the method developed. Together with an M. meleagridis-PCR test based on the same gene, the Multi-species PCR test is a highly valuable tool for diagnosis of pathogenic mycoplasmas in single or mixed infection. The further application of this rapid and specific test as a part of Mi and overall mycoplasma control programs will be dependent on developments in the turkey industry.
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Hinrichs, Steven H., and Mark Griep. New Therapeutic Strategies for Antibiotic-Resistant Select Agents. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada482437.

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Haynes, Dr Edward, Chris Conyers, Dr Marc Kennedy, Roy Macarthur, Sam McGreig, and Dr John Walshaw. What is the Burden of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Selected Ready-to-Eat Foods? Food Standards Agency, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.bsv485.

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This study was designed to get a broad estimate of the presence and the types of antimicrobial resistance genes across 52 simple ready-to-eat foods. It was also carried out to understand the benefits and drawbacks of using metagenomic sequencing, a fairly new technology, to study AMR genes. An antimicrobial is any substance that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms. It includes antibiotics which are used to treat bacterial infections in both humans and animals. Given the relevant selective pressures, the bacteria itself can change and find ways to survive the effects of an antimicrobials. This results in the bacteria becoming resistant to the ‘killing’ effects of antimicrobials and is known as ‘antimicrobial resistance’. The more we use antimicrobials and antibiotics and the way that we use them can increase the chance that bacteria will become resistant to antimicrobials. This is important as it can lead to infections that become more difficult to treat with drugs and poses a risk to the public health. T Addressing AMR is a national strategic priority for the UK Government which has led to the development of a new 20-year Vision for AMR and the 5-year National Action Plan (NAP), which runs until 2024. The NAP lays out how the UK will address the AMR challenge and takes a ‘One-Health’ approach which spans people, animals, agriculture, food and the environment. The NAP includes a specific section on the importance of better food safety to limit the contamination of foods and spread of AMR. This section emphasises the need to strengthen the evidence base for AMR and food safety through research, surveillance and promoting good practice across the food chain. The FSA is playing its part by continuing to fill evidence gaps on the role that food plays in AMR through the commissioning of research and surveillance. We are also promoting and improving UK food hygiene (‘4Cs’ messages) across the food chain that will help reduce exposure to AMR bacteria.
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Belkin, Shimshon, Sylvia Daunert, and Mona Wells. Whole-Cell Biosensor Panel for Agricultural Endocrine Disruptors. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7696542.bard.

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Objectives: The overall objective as defined in the approved proposal was the development of a whole-cell sensor panel for the detection of endocrine disruption activities of agriculturally relevant chemicals. To achieve this goal several specific objectives were outlined: (a) The development of new genetically engineered wholecell sensor strains; (b) the combination of multiple strains into a single sensor panel to effect multiple response modes; (c) development of a computerized algorithm to analyze the panel responses; (d) laboratory testing and calibration; (e) field testing. In the course of the project, mostly due to the change in the US partner, three modifications were introduced to the original objectives: (a) the scope of the project was expanded to include pharmaceuticals (with a focus on antibiotics) in addition to endocrine disrupting chemicals, (b) the computerized algorithm was not fully developed and (c) the field test was not carried out. Background: Chemical agents, such as pesticides applied at inappropriate levels, may compromise water quality or contaminate soils and hence threaten human populations. In recent years, two classes of compounds have been increasingly implicated as emerging risks in agriculturally-related pollution: endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals. The latter group may reach the environment by the use of wastewater effluents, whereas many pesticides have been implicated as EDCs. Both groups pose a threat in proportion to their bioavailability, since that which is biounavailable or can be rendered so is a priori not a threat; bioavailability, in turn, is mediated by complex matrices such as soils. Genetically engineered biosensor bacteria hold great promise for sensing bioavailability because the sensor is a live soil- and water-compatible organism with biological response dynamics, and because its response can be genetically “tailored” to report on general toxicity, on bioavailability, and on the presence of specific classes of toxicants. In the present project we have developed a bacterial-based sensor panel incorporating multiple strains of genetically engineered biosensors for the purpose of detecting different types of biological effects. The overall objective as defined in the approved proposal was the development of a whole-cell sensor panel for the detection of endocrine disruption activities of agriculturally relevant chemicals. To achieve this goal several specific objectives were outlined: (a) The development of new genetically engineered wholecell sensor strains; (b) the combination of multiple strains into a single sensor panel to effect multiple response modes; (c) development of a computerized algorithm to analyze the panel responses; (d) laboratory testing and calibration; (e) field testing. In the course of the project, mostly due to the change in the US partner, three modifications were introduced to the original objectives: (a) the scope of the project was expanded to include pharmaceuticals (with a focus on antibiotics) in addition to endocrine disrupting chemicals, (b) the computerized algorithm was not fully developed and (c) the field test was not carried out. Major achievements: (a) construction of innovative bacterial sensor strains for accurate and sensitive detection of agriculturally-relevant pollutants, with a focus on endocrine disrupting compounds (UK and HUJ) and antibiotics (HUJ); (b) optimization of methods for long-term preservation of the reporter bacteria, either by direct deposition on solid surfaces (HUJ) or by the construction of spore-forming Bacillus-based sensors (UK); (c) partial development of a computerized algorithm for the analysis of sensor panel responses. Implications: The sensor panel developed in the course of the project was shown to be applicable for the detection of a broad range of antibiotics and EDCs. Following a suitable development phase, the panel will be ready for testing in an agricultural environment, as an innovative tool for assessing the environmental impacts of EDCs and pharmaceuticals. Furthermore, while the current study relates directly to issues of water quality and soil health, its implications are much broader, with potential uses is risk-based assessment related to the clinical, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries as well as to homeland security.
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Gabrielle Hayes, Gabrielle Hayes. Manuka Honey: A New Tool in the Battle Against Antibiotic Resistance? Experiment, September 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/5969.

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Shpigel, Nahum Y., Ynte Schukken, and Ilan Rosenshine. Identification of genes involved in virulence of Escherichia coli mastitis by signature tagged mutagenesis. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7699853.bard.

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Mastitis, an inflammatory response of the mammary tissue to invading pathogenic bacteria, is the largest health problem in the dairy industry and is responsible for multibillion dollar economic losses. E. coli are a leading cause of acute mastitis in dairy animals worldwide and certainly in Israel and North America. The species E. coli comprises a highly heterogeneous group of pathogens, some of which are commensal residents of the gut, infecting the mammary gland after contamination of the teat skin from the environment. As compared to other gut microflora, mammary pathogenic E. coli (MPEC) may have undergone evolutionary adaptations that improve their fitness for colonization of the unique and varied environmental niches found within the mammary gland. These niches include competing microbes already present or accompanying the new colonizer, soluble and cellular antimicrobials in milk, and the innate immune response elicited by mammary cells and recruited immune cells. However, to date, no specific virulence factors have been identified in E. coli isolates associated with mastitis. The original overall research objective of this application was to develop a genome-wide, transposon-tagged mutant collection of MPEC strain P4 and to use this technology to identify E. coli genes that are specifically involved in mammary virulence and pathogenicity. In the course of the project we decided to take an alternative genome-wide approach and to use whole genomes bioinformatics analysis. Using genome sequencing and analysis of six MPEC strains, our studies have shown that type VI secretion system (T6SS) gene clusters were present in all these strains. Furthermore, using unbiased screening of MPEC strains for reduced colonization, fitness and virulence in the murine mastitis model, we have identified in MPEC P4-NR a new pathogenicity island (PAI-1) encoding the core components of T6SS and its hallmark effectors Hcp, VgrG and Rhs. Next, we have shown that specific deletions of T6SS genes reduced colonization, fitness and virulence in lactating mouse mammary glands. Our long-term goal is to understand the molecular mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions in the mammary gland and to relate these mechanisms to disease processes and pathogenesis. We have been able to achieve our research objectives to identify E. coli genes that are specifically involved in mammary virulence and pathogenicity. The project elucidated a new basic concept in host pathogen interaction of MPEC, which for the best of our knowledge was never described or investigated before. This research will help us to shed new light on principles behind the infection strategy of MPEC. The new targets now enable prevalence and epidemiology studies of T6SS in field strains of MPEC which might unveil new geographic, management and ecological risk factors. These will contribute to development of new approaches to treat and prevent mastitis by MPEC and perhaps other mammary pathogens. The use of antibiotics in farm animals and specifically to treat mastitis is gradually precluded and thus new treatment and prevention strategies are needed. Effective mastitis vaccines are currently not available, structural components and effectors of T6SS might be new targets for the development of novel vaccines and therapeutics.
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Polly, Jr, and David W. New Bone Foundation in a Chronically-Infected Segmental Defect in the Rat Femur Treatment with BMP-2 and Local Antibiotic. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada510063.

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Noga, Edward J., Angelo Colorni, Michael G. Levy, and Ramy Avtalion. Importance of Endobiotics in Defense against Protozoan Ectoparasites of Fish. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586463.bard.

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Infectious disease is one of the most serious causes of economic loss in all sectors of aquaculture. There is a critical need to understand the molecular basis for protection against infectious disease so that safer, more reliable and more cost-effective strategies can be designed for their control. As part of this effort, the major goal of our BARD project was to determine the importance of endobiotics as a defense against protozoan ectoparasites in fish. Endobiotics, or antimicrobial polypeptides, are peptides and small proteins that are increasingly recognized as having a vital role in the innate defense of virtually all animals. One objective of our BARD project was to determine the antiparasitic potency of one specific group of endobiotics that were isolated from hybrid striped bass (Morone saxatilis x M chrysops). We found that these endobiotics, which we had previously named histone-like proteins (HLPs), exhibited potent activity against Amyloodinium and that the putative levels of HLPs in the skin were well within the levels that we found to be lethal to the parasite in vitro. We also found evidence for the presence of similar antibiotics in sea bream (Sparus aurata) and Mediterranean sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). We also examined the effect of chronic stress on the expression of HLP in fish and found that HLP levels were dramatically decreased after only one week of a crowding/high ammonia sublethal stress. We also began to explore the feasibility of upregulating endobiotics via immunostimulation. However, we did not pursue this objective as fully as we originally intended because we spent a much larger effort than originally anticipated on the last objective, the attempted isolation of novel endobiotics from hybrid striped bass. In this regard, we purified and identified four new peptide endobiotics. These endobiotics, which we have named piscidins (from "Pisces" meaning fish), have potent, broad-spectrum activity against a number of both fish and human pathogens. This includes not only parasites but also bacteria. We also demonstrated that these peptides are present in the mast cell. This was the first time that the mast cell, the most common tissue granulocyte in vertebrates, was shown to possess any type of endobiotic. This finding has important implications in explaining the possible function of mast cells in the immune response of vertebrates. In summary, the research we have accomplished in this BARD project has demonstrated that endobiotics in fish have potent activity against many serious pathogens in aquaculture and that there is considerable potential to use these compounds as stress indicators in aquaculture. There is also considerable potential to use some of these compounds in other areas of medicine, including treatment of serious infectious diseases of humans and animals.
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Crowley, David E., Dror Minz, and Yitzhak Hadar. Shaping Plant Beneficial Rhizosphere Communities. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7594387.bard.

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PGPR bacteria include taxonomically diverse bacterial species that function for improving plant mineral nutrition, stress tolerance, and disease suppression. A number of PGPR are being developed and commercialized as soil and seed inoculants, but to date, their interactions with resident bacterial populations are still poorly understood, and-almost nothing is known about the effects of soil management practices on their population size and activities. To this end, the original objectives of this research project were: 1) To examine microbial community interactions with plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and their plant hosts. 2) To explore the factors that affect PGPR population size and activity on plant root surfaces. In our original proposal, we initially prqposed the use oflow-resolution methods mainly involving the use of PCR-DGGE and PLFA profiles of community structure. However, early in the project we recognized that the methods for studying soil microbial communities were undergoing an exponential leap forward to much more high resolution methods using high-throughput sequencing. The application of these methods for studies on rhizosphere ecology thus became a central theme in these research project. Other related research by the US team focused on identifying PGPR bacterial strains and examining their effective population si~es that are required to enhance plant growth and on developing a simulation model that examines the process of root colonization. As summarized in the following report, we characterized the rhizosphere microbiome of four host plant species to determine the impact of the host (host signature effect) on resident versus active communities. Results of our studies showed a distinct plant host specific signature among wheat, maize, tomato and cucumber, based on the following three parameters: (I) each plant promoted the activity of a unique suite of soil bacterial populations; (2) significant variations were observed in the number and the degree of dominance of active populations; and (3)the level of contribution of active (rRNA-based) populations to the resident (DNA-based) community profiles. In the rhizoplane of all four plants a significant reduction of diversity was observed, relative to the bulk soil. Moreover, an increase in DNA-RNA correspondence indicated higher representation of active bacterial populations in the residing rhizoplane community. This research demonstrates that the host plant determines the bacterial community composition in its immediate vicinity, especially with respect to the active populations. Based on the studies from the US team, we suggest that the effective population size PGPR should be maintained at approximately 105 cells per gram of rhizosphere soil in the zone of elongation to obtain plant growth promotion effects, but emphasize that it is critical to also consider differences in the activity based on DNA-RNA correspondence. The results ofthis research provide fundamental new insight into the composition ofthe bacterial communities associated with plant roots, and the factors that affect their abundance and activity on root surfaces. Virtually all PGPR are multifunctional and may be expected to have diverse levels of activity with respect to production of plant growth hormones (regulation of root growth and architecture), suppression of stress ethylene (increased tolerance to drought and salinity), production of siderophores and antibiotics (disease suppression), and solubilization of phosphorus. The application of transcriptome methods pioneered in our research will ultimately lead to better understanding of how management practices such as use of compost and soil inoculants can be used to improve plant yields, stress tolerance, and disease resistance. As we look to the future, the use of metagenomic techniques combined with quantitative methods including microarrays, and quantitative peR methods that target specific genes should allow us to better classify, monitor, and manage the plant rhizosphere to improve crop yields in agricultural ecosystems. In addition, expression of several genes in rhizospheres of both cucumber and whet roots were identified, including mostly housekeeping genes. Denitrification, chemotaxis and motility genes were preferentially expressed in wheat while in cucumber roots bacterial genes involved in catalase, a large set of polysaccharide degradation and assimilatory sulfate reduction genes were preferentially expressed.
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