Academic literature on the topic 'Neutrino rates'

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Journal articles on the topic "Neutrino rates"

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Hargrove, C. K., and D. J. Paterson. "Solar-neutrino neutral-current detection methods in the Sudbury neutrino observatory." Canadian Journal of Physics 69, no. 11 (November 1, 1991): 1309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p91-196.

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The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory will study the solar-neutrino problem through the detection of charged-current (CC), neutral-current (NC), and elastic-scattering (ES) interactions of solar neutrinos with heavy water. The measurement of the NC rate relative to the CC rate provides a nearly model-independent method of observing neutrino oscillations. The NC interaction breaks up the deuteron producing a neutron and a proton. The interaction rate in the original design is measured by observing Čerenkov light from showers produced by neutron-capture γ rays from the capture of the NC neutrons by a selected additive to the heavy water. These signals overlap the CC and ES signals, so that the measurement of the NC rate requires the subtraction of two signals obtained at different times. This paper describes our investigation of an alternate detection method in which the thermalized neutrons are captured by (n, α) or (n, p) reactions on light nuclei. The resulting charged-particle products are uniquely detected by scintillators or proportional counters, completely separating this NC signal from the CC and ES Čerenkov signals, thus simplifying its measurement, improving its significance, and allowing observation of otherwise unobservable short-term NC fluctuations. Although background rates for the new techniques have not yet been determined, the experimental advantages justify further development work.
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Saez, M. M., O. Civitarese, and M. E. Mosquera. "Neutrino mixing in nuclear rapid neutron-capture processes." International Journal of Modern Physics E 29, no. 04 (April 2020): 2050022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301320500226.

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A possible mechanism for the formation of heavy-mass elements in supernovae is the rapid neutron-capture-mechanism ([Formula: see text]-process). It depends upon the electron-fraction [Formula: see text], a quantity which is determined by beta-decay-rates. In this paper, we focus on the calculation of electroweak decay-rates in presence of massive neutrinos. The resulting expressions are then used to calculate nuclear reactions entering the rapid-neutron capture. We fix the astrophysical parameters to the case of a core-collapse supernova. The neutrino sector includes a mass scheme and mixing angles for active neutrinos, and also by including the mixing between active and sterile neutrinos. The results of the calculations show that the predicted abundances of heavy-mass nuclei are indeed affected by the neutrino mixing.
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Chen, Bing-Guang, Tong Liu, Yan-Qing Qi, Bao-Quan Huang, Yun-Feng Wei, Tuan Yi, Wei-Min Gu, and Li Xue. "Effects of Vertical Advection on Multimessenger Signatures of Black Hole Neutrino-dominated Accretion Flows in Compact Binary Coalescences." Astrophysical Journal 941, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aca406.

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Abstract In the coalescence events of binary neutron star (NS) or a black hole (BH) and an NS, a BH hyperaccretion disk might be eventually formed. At very high mass accretion rates, MeV neutrinos will be emitted from this disk, which is called a neutrino-dominated accretion flow (NDAF). Neutrino annihilation in the space out of the disk is energetic enough to launch ultrarelativistic jets to power gamma-ray bursts. Moreover, vertical advection might exist in NDAFs, which can generate the magnetic buoyancy bubbles to release gamma-ray photons. In this paper, we visit the effects of the vertical advection in NDAFs on the disk structure and gamma-ray and neutrino luminosities for different accretion rates. Then we study the anisotropic emission of kilonovae and the following gravitational waves (GWs) driven by the gamma-ray photons and neutrinos from NDAFs. Comparing NDAFs without vertical advection, the neutrino luminosity and GW strains slightly decrease for the case with vertical advection, and the kilonovae will be brightened by the injected gamma-ray photons. The future joint multimessenger observations might distinguish whether the vertical advection exists in NDAFs or not after compact binary coalescences.
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Papoulias, D. K., and T. S. Kosmas. "Nuclear study of the exotic neutrino interactions." HNPS Proceedings 22 (March 8, 2019): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.1934.

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Open neutrino physics issues require precision studies, both theoretical and experimental ones, and towards this aim coherent neutral current neutrino-nucleus scattering events are expected to be observed soon. In this work, we explore ν -nucleus processes from a nuclear theory point of view and obtain results with high confidence level based on accurate nuclear structure cross sections calculations. The present study explores the differential event rates as well as the total number of events expected to be measured by nuclear detectors, indicating measurable rates. We concentrate on the possibility of detecting supernova neutrinos by using massive detectors like those of the GERDA and SuperCDMS dark matter experiments and at spallation neutron source facilities (at Oak Ridge National Lab) by the COHERENT experiment.
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Aiello, S., A. Albert, S. Alves Garre, Z. Aly, A. Ambrosone, F. Ameli, M. Andre, et al. "Searches for neutrino counterparts of gravitational waves from the LIGO/Virgo third observing run with KM3NeT." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2024, no. 04 (April 1, 2024): 026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2024/04/026.

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Abstract The KM3NeT neutrino telescope is currently being deployed at two different sites in the Mediterranean Sea. First searches for astrophysical neutrinos have been performed using data taken with the partial detector configuration already in operation. The paper presents the results of two independent searches for neutrinos from compact binary mergers detected during the third observing run of the LIGO and Virgo gravitational wave interferometers. The first search looks for a global increase in the detector counting rates that could be associated with inverse beta decay events generated by MeV-scale electron anti-neutrinos. The second one focuses on upgoing track-like events mainly induced by muon (anti-)neutrinos in the GeV–TeV energy range. Both searches yield no significant excess for the sources in the gravitational wave catalogs. For each source, upper limits on the neutrino flux and on the total energy emitted in neutrinos in the respective energy ranges have been set. Stacking analyses of binary black hole mergers and neutron star-black hole mergers have also been performed to constrain the characteristic neutrino emission from these categories.
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Walg, Jonathan, Jon Feldman, and Itzhak Orion. "Decay rate changes in radioactive gamma emission as affected by 18 MeV proton cyclotron." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 39, no. 1 (2024): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp2401001w.

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Previous efforts to investigate changes in the decay constants of radioactive nuclides discovered that solar flares can temporarily alter radioactive decay rates. Thus, discerning whether external factors affect radioactive decay rates is vital for understanding nuclear processes. This study sought to explore the effect of neutrinos on radioactive nuclei by constructing a gamma radiation detection system that employs a radioactive source in front of a neutrino emission system. Responding to cyclotron operations, each of the four detection systems registered gamma count rate decreases. The results of this study confirm that rises in neutrino flux affected the decay rates of the examined radioactive nuclides. Here we provide significant evidence that neutrinos affect the radioactive decay process. Neutrino detection is challenging due to the minuscule absorption in a stable nucleus. However, the study found a greater probability of radionuclides interaction with the neutrino.
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DUTTA, SHARADA IYER, MARY HALL RENO, and INA SARCEVIC. "ULTRAHIGH ENERGY NEUTRINOS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 18, no. 22 (September 10, 2003): 4085–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x03017385.

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The ultrahigh energy neutrino cross section is well understood in the standard model for neutrino energies up to 1012 GeV, Tests of neutrino oscillations (νμ ↔ ντ) from extragalactic sources of neutrinos are possible with large underground detectors. Measurements of horizontal air shower event rates at neutrino energies above 1010 GeV will be able to constrain nonstandard model contributions to the neutrino-nucleon cross section, e.g., from mini-black hole production.
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Biondini, S., D. Bödeker, N. Brambilla, M. Garny, J. Ghiglieri, A. Hohenegger, M. Laine, et al. "Status of rates and rate equations for thermal leptogenesis." International Journal of Modern Physics A 33, no. 05n06 (February 28, 2018): 1842004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x18420046.

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In many realizations of leptogenesis, heavy right-handed neutrinos play the main role in the generation of an imbalance between matter and antimatter in the early Universe. Hence, it is relevant to address quantitatively their dynamics in a hot and dense environment by taking into account the various thermal aspects of the problem at hand. The strong washout regime offers an interesting framework to carry out calculations systematically and reduce theoretical uncertainties. Indeed, any matter–antimatter asymmetry generated when the temperature of the hot plasma [Formula: see text] exceeds the right-handed neutrino mass scale [Formula: see text] is efficiently erased, and one can focus on the temperature window [Formula: see text]. We review recent progress in the thermal field theoretic derivation of the key ingredients for the leptogenesis mechanism: the right-handed neutrino production rate, the CP asymmetry in the heavy-neutrino decays and the washout rates. The derivation of evolution equations for the heavy-neutrino and lepton-asymmetry number densities, their rigorous formulation and applicability are also discussed.
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LIU, JING-JING, ZHI-QUAN LUO, HONG-LIN LIU, and XIANG-JUN LAI. "NEUTRINO ENERGY LOSS ON IRON GROUP NUCLEI BY ELECTRON CAPTURE IN STRONG MAGNETIC FIELD AT THE CRUSTS OF NEUTRON STARS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 22, no. 19 (July 30, 2007): 3305–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x07037287.

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The neutrino energy loss rates on iron group nuclei by electron capture are calculated in a strong magnetic field at the crusts of Neutron stars. The results show that the magnetic field has only a slight effect on the neutrino energy loss rates in a range of 108–1013 G on surfaces of the most neutron stars. Whereas for some magnetars which range of the magnetic field is 1013–1018 G, the neutrino energy loss rates of the most iron group nuclei would be debased greatly and may be even decreased for 4 orders of magnitude by the strong magnetic field.
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Papoulias, D. K., and T. S. Kosmas. "Standard and Nonstandard Neutrino-Nucleus Reactions Cross Sections and Event Rates to Neutrino Detection Experiments." Advances in High Energy Physics 2015 (2015): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/763648.

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In this work, we exploreν-nucleus processes from a nuclear theory point of view and obtain results with high confidence level based on accurate nuclear structure cross sections calculations. Besides cross sections, the present study includes simulated signals expected to be recorded by nuclear detectors and differential event rates as well as total number of events predicted to be measured. Our original cross sections calculations are focused on measurable rates for the standard model process, but we also perform calculations for various channels of the nonstandard neutrino-nucleus reactions and come out with promising results within the current upper limits of the corresponding exotic parameters. We concentrate on the possibility of detecting (i) supernova neutrinos by using massive detectors like those of the GERDA and SuperCDMS dark matter experiments and (ii) laboratory neutrinos produced near the spallation neutron source facilities (at Oak Ridge National Lab) by the COHERENT experiment. Our nuclear calculations take advantage of the relevant experimental sensitivity and employ the severe bounds extracted for the exotic parameters entering the Lagrangians of various particle physics models and specifically those resulting from the charged lepton flavour violatingμ-→e-experiments (Mu2e and COMET experiments).
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Neutrino rates"

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Chung, Jin-Hyuk. "Search for neutron oscillation and study of neutrino reaction rates using multiprong events in Soudan 2 /." Thesis, Connect to Dissertations & Theses @ Tufts University, 2001.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 2001.
Adviser: W. Anthony Mann. Submitted to the Dept. of Physics. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-130). Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;
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Cuha, Volkan. "Study Of Neutrino Interactions In The Chorus Experiment." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607891/index.pdf.

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The emulsion target of the CHORUS detector was exposed to the wide-band neutrino beam of the CERN SPS between the years 1994 and 1997. In total about 130.000 neutrino interactions were located in the nuclear emulsion target and fully reconstructed. Detailed DATA and Monte Carlo (MC) comparisons were done in order to test reliability of the detector simulation. There is reasonable agreement between DATA and MC. The ratio of deep inelastic neutral-current (NC) to the deep inelastic (DIS) charged-current(CC) $nu_{mu}$ interactions was measured to be frac{NC_{dis}}{CC_{dis}}=0.350pm0.003$. This measurement was compared with the previous measurements. Based on three double charm decays found in NC interactions we measured the ratio of double charm cross-section in NC $nu_{mu}$ interactions to be [ frac{sigma (cbar{c}nu_mu)}{sigma_{NC}}=(3.37^{+3.06}_{-2.51}(stat.)pm 0.51(syst.))times 10^{-3}. ] One double charm decay has been observed in CC $nu_{mu}$ interactions the upper limit on associated charm production in $nu_{mu}$ CC interaction has been found to be [ frac{sigma cbar{c}mu^{-})}{sigma_{CC}}<
9.69 times 10^{-4}. ] at 90% C.L.
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Duan, Mingya. "Study of neutron-star and supernova matter with Skyrme functionals : response functions and new parametrizations." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASP171.

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Les étoiles à neutrons sont des objets denses qui sont produits dans des explosions de supernova à effondrement de coeur. Pour la modélisation de la supernova et du refroidissement de l'étoile à neutrons, les taux d'absorption, d'émission et de diffusion des neutrinos jouent un rôle crucial. Dans une grande partie de ces systèmes astrophysiques, les noyaux sont complètement dissous. Dans ce cas, les taux de neutrinos peuvent être directement liés aux fonctions de réponse de la matière nucléaire, calculées aux densités, asymétries et températures correspondantes. Cette thèse développe d'abord le modèle de l'approximation des phases aléatoires (RPA) pour les fonctions de réponse avec les interactions effectives de Skyrme dans la matière nucléaire asymétrique pour des transferts d'énergie finis, et établit un lien entre le taux de diffusion des neutrinos et les fonctions de réponse. Ensuite, la dépendance en énergie et angle des taux de diffusion des neutrinos dans la matière de proto-étoile à neutrons et de supernova sont étudiés dans le cadre du modèle Skyrme-RPA. De nombreuses interactions antérieures de Skyrme prédisent que la vitesse de Fermi des neutrons dépasse la vitesse de la lumière à des densités que les étoiles à neutrons peuvent atteindre. Pour résoudre ce problème et poursuivre le calcul des taux de neutrinos pour les simulations astrophysiques à des densités élevées à l'aide de la théorie fonctionnelle de Skyrme, nous explorons ensuite la construction de nouvelles fonctionnelles de Skyrme. Les paramétrisations Sky1 et Sky2 sont obtenues en incluant des contraintes provenant de calculs microscopiques de la masse effective en plus des énergies de liaison et des rayons de charge de noyaux finis et de différentes équations d'état microscopiques de la matière de neutrons. Pour vérifier si les nouvelles paramétrisations conviennent à la description des noyaux finis et de la matière des étoiles à neutrons, nous calculons les propriétés des noyaux finis et de la matière nucléaire infinie, y compris la matière des étoiles à neutrons, et les présentons dans cette thèse. De plus, nous considérons l'interaction de Skyrme comme une fonctionnelle de la densité plutôt qu'une force à deux corps dépendant de la densité, afin d'explorer la détermination des termes dépendant du spin des nouvelles fonctionnelles de Skyrme. Les paramètres des termes dépendant du spin sont déterminés en ajustant les paramètres de Landau G_0 et G’_0 dans la matière de neutrons et dans la matière nucléaire symétrique aux résultats de la théorie microscopique de Brueckner-Hartree-Fock. Enfin, nous développons un protocole d'ajustement amélioré pour les nouvelles forces de Skyrme en ajoutant d'autres contraintes, telles que l'équation d'état de la matière nucléaire symétrique à haute densité, l'apparition d'instabilités non-physiques dans le canal de spin-0, et la différence entre les masses effectives des nucléons de spin up et de spin down dans la matière polarisée, afin d'obtenir de meilleures nouvelles fonctionnelles, Sky3s et Sky4s. Les fonctions de réponse et les taux de diffusion des neutrinos de la matière d'étoile à neutrons peuvent être calculés avec les nouvelles fonctionnelles ayant des masses effectives et paramètres de Landau réalistes
Neutron stars are dense objects that are produced in core collapse supernova explosions. For the modeling of the supernova and of the subsequent cooling of the neutron star, neutrino absorption, emission, and scattering rates play a crucial role. In a large part of these astrophysical systems, nuclei are completely dissolved. Then the neutrino rates can be directly related to the response functions of nuclear matter, computed at the relevant density, asymmetry, and temperature. This thesis develops first the random-phase approximation (RPA) model for the response functions with Skyrme effective interactions in asymmetric nuclear matter and finite energy transfer, and relates the neutrino scattering rate to the response functions. Then, the energy and angle dependence of neutrino scattering rates in proto-neutron star and supernova matter within Skyrme RPA are studied. Many previous Skyrme interactions predict that neutron Fermi velocity exceeds the speed of light at densities that neutron stars can reach. To solve this problem and continue the computation of neutrino rates for astrophysical simulations at high densities using Skyrme functional theory, we then explore the construction of the new Skyrme functionals. Sky1 and Sky2 are obtained by including constraints from microscopic calculations of the effective mass in addition to binding energies and charge radii of finite nuclei and different microscopic equations of state of pure neutron matter. To test whether they are suitable for describing finite nuclei and neutron star matter, we compute properties of finite nuclei and infinite nuclear matter, including neutron star matter, and present them in this thesis. Also, we consider the Skyrme interaction as a density-functional rather than a density-dependent two-body force to explore the determination of the spin-dependent terms of the new Skyrme functionals. The parameters of the spin-dependent terms are determined by fitting the Landau parameters G_0 and G’_0 in neutron matter and symmetric nuclear matter to the results of the microscopic Brueckner-Hartree-Fock theory. Finally, we develop the improved fitting protocol for the new Skyrme forces by adding other constraints, such as the equation of state of symmetric nuclear matter at high density, the onset of the spurious instability in the spin-0 channel, the splitting between the spin up and down nucleon effective masses in the polarized matter, obtaining better new functionals, Sky3s and Sky4s. The response functions and neutrino scattering rates of neutron-star matter can be computed with the new functionals having realistic effective masses and Landau parameters
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Houdy, Thibaut. "Testing non-standard neutrino interactions from 8B solar neutrino rate measurement with Borexino to characterization of the 144Ce source of the SOX experiment." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC209/document.

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Le détecteur Borexino, situé au laboratoire souterrain du Gran Sasso (LNGS), mesure les neutrinos solaires depuis 10 ans. Parmi les neutrinos solaires, le spectre continu du 8B jusqu’à 17 MeV permet de tester la zone de transition de l’effet de résonance dans la matière dit effet MSW. Cette nouvelle analyse augmente d’un ordre de grandeur la statistique par rapport à la précédente mesure de Borexino publiée en 2011. Pour ce faire, l’ensemble du volume scintillant a été inclus dans l’analyse, aucune coupure géométrique n’ayant été effectué au dessus de 5 MeV. Cela a permis l’identification d’un nouveau bruit de fond non pris en compte précédemment. L’ensemble des bruits de fond au dessus de 3 MeV est maintenant compris et la composante neutrino peut-être extraite d’un fit radial du détecteur. Afin de tester l’existence d’un neutrino stérile léger, une source de 3-5,5 PBq de 144Ce sera installée sous Borexino au début de l’année 2018 pour un an et demi de prise de données : c’est l’expérience CeSOX. Cette source est produite par PA MAYAK par purification de combustible nucléaire usagé, par conséquent les potentiels contaminants radioactifs sont très nombreux et peu contraints. Pour tester l’hypothèse stérile, une mesure en flux, une mesure en forme et une mesure combinée seront effectuées dans l’ensemble du détecteur Borexino. Ces mesures sont fortement dépendantes de la connaissance intime de la source (composition, forme du spectre beta du 144Ce, énergie moyenne 144Ce et 144Pr). A cette fin, un spectromètre gamma a été spécifiquement étalonné et entièrement simulé au CEA, Saclay. De même un spectromètre beta a été dessiné, assemblé, simulé et est en cours d’étalonnage. Finalement, des mesures de spectrométrie alpha et de masse seront réalisés sur des échantillons représentatifs envoyés au CEA, Saclay afin de contraindre au mieux la composition de la source de 144Ce de SOX
Located in the Gran Sasso underground laboratory (LNGS), Borexino measures solar neutrinos for 10 years. Among solar neutrinos, 8B continuous spectrum (up to 17 MeV) enables to test the transition zone between vacuum and matter regime of the MSW effect. This new measurement increases by one order of magnitude the exposure with respect to previous Borexino publication. To do so, the entire active volume is considered in this analysis above 5 MeV. A new background has been identified and a radial fit is done above 3 and 5 MeV enabling to extract the neutrino component. Existence of a light sterile neutrino would have important consequences on astrophysics and cosmology. SOX is the only experiment aiming at testing this hypothesis using a punctual radioactive source. A 3-5.5 PBq 144Ce source is actually under production and will be positioned under Borexino in 2018. Precise knowledge of the source is one of the main challenge of this experiment, based on rate and shape neutrino measurement. Two critical parameters are the heat released by the source for activity measurement and the expected neutrino spectrum in the detector. We first describe the SOX experiment insisting on 144Ce source production. Then, we focus on Saclay installations dedicated to constrain radioactive contamination inside the source using representative samples. Alpha, gamma and mass spectroscopy calibration and simulation are discussed and competitive constrains are derived. A status on 144Ce beta shape measurements is done as well as presentation of future measurement
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Heeger, Karsten Miklas. "Model-independent measurement of the neutral-current interaction rate of solar ⁸B neutrinos with deuterium in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9774.

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Sutter, Timothy Charles 1948. "Subsurface thermal neutron production rates." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276631.

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Ground water in excess of one million years old may now be accurately age dated by using the radionuclide Chlorine 36 (36Cl), which has a half-life of 3.01 x 105 years. To maintain a high degree of accuracy in the resultant age it is necessary to take into account the buildup of 36Cl, which is due to thermal neutron activation of 35Cl to 36Cl. The purpose of this research is to determine the thermal neutron flux in various geochemical subsurface environments by conducting field measurements of thermal neutron production rates at discrete locations. These data are then compared with the theoretical thermal neutron flux calculated for each location. The field measurements were conducted from the surface to a maximum depth of 44 meters in a copper, silver and zinc mine. The measured thermal neutron flux was found to be larger than the theoretical thermal neutron flux by a factor of from three to six when below 17 meters depth.
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ALBANI, GIORGIA. "High-rate thermal neutron gaseous detector for use at neutron spallation sources." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/158135.

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Il problema, rilevato a livello globale, circa la progressiva riduzione di disponibilità di 3He, ha indotto la comunità scientifica ad intraprendere un’intensa fase di ricerca e sviluppo con lo scopo di trovare tecniche di rivelazione di neutroni alternative a quelle standard basate su 3He. Queste nuove tecnologie, oltre ad avere un’efficienza comparabile a quella dei tubi a 3He, devono risultare idonee ad effettuare misure in sorgenti ad alto flusso di neutroni come la futura European Spallation Source (ESS). In questa tesi di dottorato si ripercorre lo sviluppo di un rivelatore a gas per neutroni termici in grado di supportare ratei di conteggio pari ai MHz/mm2. Il rivelatore è basato sulla tecnologia del Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) ed è dotato di un “convertitore” contenente 10B4C, la cui geometria è stata ottimizzata per rivelare neutroni termici tramite la reazione di cattura nucleare 10B(n,α)7Li. Quattro prototipi, con quattro differenti convertitori, sono stati testati in sorgenti di neutroni a spallazione e in reattori nucleari. L’evoluzione dei convertitori riflette il miglioramento delle performance del rivelatore, in particolare l’efficienza (ε = 40% at λ = 4 Ang) e la risoluzione spaziale (FWHM ~ 6mm). Sulla base dei risultati ottenuti con questa nuova tecnologia si è instaurata una collaborazione con ESS allo scopo di ottimizzare il rivelatore oggetto del presente studio, che verrà quindi installato nel sistema di rivelatori di LoKI, una delle prime linee di fascio ad entrare in funzione a ESS.
Due to the current worldwide 3He-shortage the present neutron scientists are facing the challenge of finding alternative technologies to 3He as a thermal neutron detector with a high-rate capability to profit of the high flux of modern spallation sources like European Spallation Source (ESS). The aim of the presented PhD project is the development of a high-rate thermal neutron gaseous detector for applications in spallation sources. The detector is based on the Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) technology and is provided with a geometrically optimised "converter", as boron carbide 10B4C layers, in order to detect thermal neutrons through the 10B(n,α)7Li reaction. Four detector prototypes with different converters geometry were constructed and tested in spallation sources. The evolution of the converter technology goes with the improvement of detector performance such as efficiency (ε = 40% at λ = 4 Ang) and spatial resolution (FWHM ~ 6mm). On the base of the performance results obtained with this new technology a collaboration with ESS was established with the aim to develop a thermal neutron detector with a boron-based 3D converter, as a part of the detector system of LoKI, a SANS instrument and one of the first to be constructed.
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Smith, Mark A. "A detector to measure 9Li production rate in liquid scintillator at the earth’s surface by cosmic ray muons." Diss., Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1542.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Physics
Glenn A. Horton-Smith
The next generation of nuclear fission reactor based neutrino experiments seeking to measure the Theta-13 mixing angle rely upon measurements made by detectors placed close to the reactor, and therefore less shielded from cosmic ray muons by the earth. 9Li production in liquid scintillator by these cosmic ray muons becomes a serious problem for these experiments that must be dealt with since the 9Li production rate is still a significant fraction of the neutrino interaction rate. This 9Li background reduces the experiment’s sensitivity to measure the Theta-13 mixing angle. This thesis discusses a small detector designed to measure the 9Li production rate in liquid scintillator at the earth’s surface by cosmic ray muons. The detector was designed, built, and finally, calibrated. The ability to find the signals necessary to actually measure the 9Li production rate is shown, establishing that this detector will be able to measure the production rate. A 90% significance level upper limit for the 9Li-like production rate, based on only 3.5 days worth of data, is reported as 213 9Li-like events per day per ton.
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Tyrman, Muriel. "Vers une alternative aux aimants à base de terres rares : hexaferrites nanostructurés et alliages Mn-Al." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV022.

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Dans le cadre d'un projet de transport automobile propre pour la mise en place de véhicules électriques décarbonés grand public, les aimants représentent un enjeu important au niveau des moteurs électriques. Il est alors nécessaire de se passer des aimants à base de terres rares, peu écologiques et dont un seul pays détient le monopole. Deux voies sont explorées ici : la nanostructuration des hexaferrites de type M par frittage flash de type SPS (Spark Plasma Sintering), et la synthèse d'alliages Mn-Al-C par la méthode de la trempe rapide sur roue. Concernant le premier matériau, l'optimisation du protocole de synthèse a permis d'augmenter le champ coercitif d'un facteur 2. Deux outils de caractérisation des aimants ont été mis en place : le premier évalue la texture du matériau (modèle de Stoner et Wohlfarth), le second étudie les processus d'aimantation (Preisach). Pour les alliages Mn-Al-C, nous avons pu démontrer la présence d'un couplage antiferromagnétique entre les atomes de Mn des sites 1a et 1d. La diffraction de neutrons à également pu montrer que le moment magnétique du Mn du site 1d est par ailleurs très supérieur à celui du site 1a. Un broyage cryogénique suivi d'un frittage SPS à haute pression (400 MPa) a permis d'augmenter la valeur du champ coercitif de 40 %. Les résultats obtenus sont très prometteurs quant à la faisabilité d'alternatives aux aimants à base de terres rares
In the context of green car development for mass market, development of low cost rare-earth-free magnets is clearly a milestone, because the rare-earth are expensive and their production is not ecological and a monopoly of one country. Two routes are explored herein : nanostructuration of M-type hexaferrites by flash sintering (Spark Plasma Sintering), and the synthesis of Mn-Al-C alloys by melt spinning. Concerning the first material, the optimization of the synthesis protocol allowed to increase the coercive field by a factor of 2. Two characterization tools of the magnets were set-up : the first evaluates the texture of the material (Stoner and Wohlfarth model), the second, based on Preisach model, is used to infer the magnetization processes. For Mn-Al-C alloys, we have evidenced from Weiss plots the antiferromagnetic coupling between 1a and 1d-sites Mn atoms. Neutron diffraction confirmed this result and shown that the magnetic moment of the 1d-site Mn is also much larger than that of 1a-site. Cryogenic ball milling followed by high-pressure SPS (400 MPa) increased the coercive field by 40 %. The results obtained are very promising as to the feasibility of alternatives to rare-earth magnets
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Harper, Sterling (Sterling M. ). "Calculating reaction rate derivatives in Monte Carlo neutron transport/." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106690.

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Thesis: S.M. and S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2016.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 63-64).
An operating nuclear power reactor is a complex system that is sensitive to many material parameters including densities, temperatures, and compositions. There is great interest in solving the neutron transport with Monte Carlo methods due to their extremely high fidelity, but Monte Carlo methods are too slow to run in an iterative brute-force search of the reactor parameter space. This thesis discusses the derivation, implementation, and applications of differential tallying -- a method which can be used to mitigate the computational cost of mapping out a reactor parameter space with Monte Carlo. With differential tallies, each calculation provides derivatives of tallied quantities like reactivity and fission reaction rates with respect to material density, temperature, etc. These derivatives directly provide reactivity coefficients and they can also be used to extrapolate and predict small changes in reactor parameters. Notably, a novel method is presented which uses the windowed multipole cross section representation to compute temperature derivatives due to the resolved resonance Doppler broadening effect. To demonstrate the utility of differential tallies, this thesis presents example computations of moderator density and fuel Doppler feedback coefficients in pressurized water reactor pincells. With differential tallies, the moderator and fuel Doppler coefficients can be computed 40% and 50x faster, respectively, than by brute-force methods. A calculation of pin-by-pin Doppler coefficients in an assembly is also presented in order to demonstrate that differential tallies are even more efficient for assembly calculations.
by Sterling Harper.
S.M. and S.B.
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Books on the topic "Neutrino rates"

1

Davini, Stefano. Measurement of the pep and CNO Solar Neutrino Interaction Rates in Borexino. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01213-1.

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Laboratory, Fermi National Accelerator, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Cross sections, relic abundance, and detection rates for neutralino dark matter. Batavia, Ill: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, 1988.

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Shakshak, Bashir Ibrahim Omar. The measurements of neutron and gamma dose rates in mixed radiation fields, using a liquid scintillation counter. Birmingham: Aston University. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Applied Physics, 1989.

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J, Decker Arthur, Blue James W, United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., and Lewis Research Center, eds. Results of an attempt to measure increased rates of the reaction ²D+²D[reaction direction symbol]³He+n in a nonelectrochemical cold fusion experiment. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1989.

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Staff. Cross Sections, Relic Abundance, and Detection Rates for Neutralino Dark Matter. Independently Published, 2018.

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Ellam, Rob. 1. Identical outsides … different insides. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198723622.003.0001.

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‘Identical outsides … different insides’ describes the isotopes of hydrogen (protium, deuterium, tritium) and carbon (carbon-12, carbon-13, carbon-14). The isotopes exist due to an extra particle (neutron) or two in the element’s nucleus, which adds extra mass to the atom. Tritium and carbon-14 are both unstable and undergo radioactive decay. There are four types of radioactive decay: α, β, γ (alpha, beta, gamma), and spontaneous fission. Radioactive decay is the process whereby the nucleus of an unstable atom loses energy by emission of ionizing radiation. The rate of the radioactive decay is measured by the ‘half-life’—the time needed for half the radioactive isotopes of a substance to decay.
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Book chapters on the topic "Neutrino rates"

1

Gandhi, Raj, Chris Quigg, M. H. Reno, and Ina Sarcevic. "Ultrahigh-Energy Neutrino Interactions and Neutrino Telescope Event Rates." In Neutrino Mass, Dark Matter, Gravitational Waves, Monopole Condensation, and Light Cone Quantization, 121–30. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1564-1_15.

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Ochoa Ricoux, Juan Pedro. "Predicting the Far Detector Rates." In A Search for Muon Neutrino to Electron Neutrino Oscillations in the MINOS Experiment, 143–61. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7949-0_7.

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Davini, Stefano. "Solar Neutrino Observations." In Measurement of the pep and CNO Solar Neutrino Interaction Rates in Borexino, 23–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01213-1_2.

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Burrows, Adam, and Todd A. Thompson. "Neutrino-Matter Interaction Rates in Supernovae." In Astrophysics and Space Science Library, 133–74. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-306-48599-2_5.

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Davini, Stefano. "Review of Neutrino Oscillations." In Measurement of the pep and CNO Solar Neutrino Interaction Rates in Borexino, 1–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01213-1_1.

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Kassim, Hasan Abu, Norhasliza Yusof, R. Hirschi, and P. Eggenberger. "Effects of new nuclear reaction rates on the solar neutrino fluxes." In Synergies between Solar and Stellar Modelling, 161–64. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9198-7_27.

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Davini, Stefano. "Measurement of the pep and CNO Solar Neutrino Interaction Rates in Borexino." In Measurement of the pep and CNO Solar Neutrino Interaction Rates in Borexino, 83–136. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01213-1_5.

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Klapdor, H. V., K. Grotz, and J. Metzinger. "Microscopic Calculation of Neutrino Capture Rates in 69,71Ga and the Detection of Solar and Galactic Neutrinos." In Weak and Electromagnetic Interactions in Nuclei, 727–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71689-8_141.

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Davini, Stefano. "The Borexino Experiment." In Measurement of the pep and CNO Solar Neutrino Interaction Rates in Borexino, 43–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01213-1_3.

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Davini, Stefano. "The Borexino Detector Response and Simulation." In Measurement of the pep and CNO Solar Neutrino Interaction Rates in Borexino, 59–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01213-1_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Neutrino rates"

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Haider, H., I. Ruiz Simo, M. Sajjad Athar, M. J. Vicente Vacas, B. S. Acharya, Maury Goodman, and Naba K. Mondal. "Lepton event rates in neutrino-nucleus DIS." In 12TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NEUTRINO FACTORIES, SUPERBEAMS, AND BETABEAMS: NuFact10. AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3644330.

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Karathanou, G. I., V. Tsikoudi, Th Liolios, T. S. Kosmas, Livius Trache, and Sabin Stoica. "Thermonuclear Reaction Rates for Solar Neutrino Processes." In EXOTIC NUCLEI AND NUCLEAR/PARTICLE ASTROPHYSICS (II): Proceedings of the Carpathian Summer School of Physics 2007. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2870466.

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Leung, Chun Sing Jason, and Guey-Lin Lin. "Testing the MSW effect in Supernova Explosion with Neutrino event rates." In 40th International Conference on High Energy physics. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.390.0145.

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Leung, Chun Sing Jason, KWANG-CHANG LAI, and Guey-Lin Lin. "Testing The MSW Effect in Supernova Explosion with Neutrino Event Rates." In European Physical Society Conference on High Energy Physics. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.364.0417.

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Nabi, Jameel-Un, Hajime Susa, Marcel Arnould, Sydney Gales, Tohru Motobayashi, Christoph Scheidenberger, and Hiroaki Utsunomiya. "Neutrino Energy Loss Rates due to [sup 54,55,56]Fe in Stellar Environment." In TOURS SYMPOSIUM ON NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS—VII. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3455932.

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Paar, N., D. Vretenar, T. Marketin, P. Ring, P. Demetriou, R. Julin, and S. V. Harissopulos. "Neutrino-nucleus reaction rates based on the relativistic quasiparticle random phase approximation." In FRONTIERS IN NUCLEAR STRUCTURE, ASTROPHYSICS, AND REACTIONS: FINUSTAR 2. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2939358.

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Marketin, Tomislav, Lutz Huther, Jelena Petković, Nils Paar, and Gabriel Martínez-Pinedo. "Beta decay rates of neutron-rich nuclei." In CETUP* 2015 – WORKSHOP ON DARK MATTER, NEUTRINO PHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS AND PPC 2015 – IXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERCONNECTIONS BETWEEN PARTICLE PHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4953298.

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Haskell, Brynmor. "Signatures of superfluid neutron-star dynamics." In Fast X-ray timing and spectroscopy at extreme count rates. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.122.0034.

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Suleimanov, Valery, Juri Poutanen, and Klaus Werner. "X-ray bursting neutron star atmosphere models." In Fast X-ray timing and spectroscopy at extreme count rates. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.122.0074.

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Diaz Trigo, Maria, Cherry Ng, Marion Cadolle Bel, and Simone Migliari. "M/R constraints from neutron-star iron line." In Fast X-ray timing and spectroscopy at extreme count rates. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.122.0026.

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Reports on the topic "Neutrino rates"

1

Iverson, Erik B. Order-of-Magnitude Estimate of Fast Neutron Recoil Rates in Proposed Neutrino Detector at SNS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/974593.

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Goldman, Jesse Matthew. A Next-to-leading order QCD analysis of charged current event rates from neutrino N deep inelastic scattering at the Fermilab Tevatron. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1421436.

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Shores, Erik Frederick. Tabulated Neutron Emission Rates for Plutonium Oxide. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1372807.

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Favorite, Jeffrey A. SENSMG: First-Order Sensitivities of Neutron Reaction Rates, Reaction-Rate Ratios, Leakage, keff, and α Using PARTISN. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1333129.

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Favorite, Jeffrey A. (U) SENSMG: First-Order Sensitivities of Neutron Reaction Rates, Reaction-Rate Ratios, Leakage, keff, α, and Subcritical Multiplication Using PARTISN. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1530773.

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Favorite, Jeffrey. (U) SENSMG: First-Order Sensitivities of Neutron Reaction Rates, Reaction-Rate Ratios, Leakage, keff, α, and Subcritical Multiplication Using PARTISN. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1884735.

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Smith, Donald L. Observations on the Effects of 252Cf Spontaneous-Fission Neutron Spectrum Uncertainties on Uncertainties in Calculated Spectrum-Average Cross Sections for Reactions in the Neutron Dosimetry Library IRDFF-II. IAEA Nuclear Data Section, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.61092/iaea.wx80-dm11.

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The Neutron Dosimetry Library IRDFF-II was released in January 2020, and was subsequently documented by an article published in the Nuclear Data Sheets by A. Trkov et al. The development of this library, under the auspices of the IAEA Nuclear Data Section, entailed extensive effort to assemble and examine the available, relevant experimental data, as well as to select and validate the best available cross-section evaluations, for some 110 neutron reaction processes included in this library. Part of the validation process for this library entailed comparing experimental and evaluated differential cross-sections as well as corresponding integral cross sections for a variety of integral neutron spectra considered to be relevant for fission and fusion neutron dosimetry purposes. Prominent among these spectra is the well-known 252Cf spontaneous-fission (s.f.) neutron spectrum that is considered to be a standard for both IRDFF-II and the ENDF/B libraries. Experimental and calculated uncertainties for all these data were considered in this validation process. The evaluated 252Cf s.f. neutron spectrum, owing to the manner in which it was developed, is considered to be largely independent of the evaluated neutron reaction cross sections in both of these libraries. Therefore, the uncertainties in calculated spectrum-average cross sections (SACS) stemming from evaluated cross-section uncertainties are considered to be largely independent from the uncertainties in the evaluated 252Cf s.f. neutron-spectrum itself. The present investigation sought specifically to examine systematic behaviors for the uncertainties of calculated neutron reaction SACS in IRDFF-II due exclusively to uncertainties in the 252Cf spectrum. This work was enabled by the availability of extensive calculations performed and documented by A. Trkov during development of the IRDFF-II Library. It was observed from the present investigation that the 252Cf s.f. neutron spectrum component of these calculated SAC uncertainties, for threshold reactions that exhibit relatively smooth cross-section behaviors, vary quite smoothly and predictably as a function of the parameter E50% (that neutron energy at which the reaction-rate integral for this neutron spectrum reaches 50% of the integral over the full energy range) for values of E50% from around 2 MeV up to almost 17 MeV. The behaviors observed in the present investigation for those reactions in IRDFF-II involving lower and higher values of E50% are less predictable owing to factors that are discussed in this report. This report also provides numerous tables and plots based on calculated results from the work of A. Trkov to illustrate these conclusions.
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Holman-Abbott, Michelle, and Alan Boone. Portable Neutron Dose Rate Instrument Evaluation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1462170.

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Couture, Aaron Joseph. A Simple Correlation for Neutron Capture Rates from Nuclear Masses. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1418787.

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Long, Grace, and Alexis Trahan. Parameter Affecting Neutron Coincidence Rates Detected from Spent Nuclear Fuel. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1645058.

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