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Journal articles on the topic 'Neurotransmitters'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Yang, Meiqing, Lu Wang, Haozi Lu, and Qizhi Dong. "Advances in MXene-Based Electrochemical (Bio)Sensors for Neurotransmitter Detection." Micromachines 14, no. 5 (2023): 1088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14051088.

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Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that play an important role in the nervous system’s control of the body’s physiological state and behaviour. Abnormal levels of neurotransmitters are closely associated with some mental disorders. Therefore, accurate analysis of neurotransmitters is of great clinical importance. Electrochemical sensors have shown bright application prospects in the detection of neurotransmitters. In recent years, MXene has been increasingly used to prepare electrode materials for fabricating electrochemical neurotransmitter sensors due to its excellent physicochemical

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Doke, Rohit, Ajay Bhagwat, Priyanka Tambe, et al. "Advances in neurotransmitter detection and modulation: Implications for neurological disorders." IP International Journal of Comprehensive and Advanced Pharmacology 9, no. 4 (2024): 236–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcaap.2024.035.

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Neurotransmitters are chemicals that amplify, transmit, and transform cellular impulses, facilitating communication across the neurological system. Over the last century, hundreds of these compounds have been identified, with continuous study focussing on their effects on brain health. Neurotransmitters are known to control a variety of processes, including emotions, thoughts, memory, learning, and movement. As a result, abnormalities in neurotransmitter levels have been related to a variety of neurological and neurodegenerative illnesses. This paper seeks to explore the most significant neuro

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Choi, Hye Kyu, Jin-Ha Choi, and Jinho Yoon. "An Updated Review on Electrochemical Nanobiosensors for Neurotransmitter Detection." Biosensors 13, no. 9 (2023): 892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13090892.

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Neurotransmitters are chemical compounds released by nerve cells, including neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, that play an essential role in the transmission of signals in living organisms, particularly in the central nervous system, and they also perform roles in realizing the function and maintaining the state of each organ in the body. The dysregulation of neurotransmitters can cause neurological disorders. This highlights the significance of precise neurotransmitter monitoring to allow early diagnosis and treatment. This review provides a complete multidisciplinary examination of

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Lussier, Félix, Thibault Brulé, Marie-Josée Bourque, Charles Ducrot, Louis-Éric Trudeau, and Jean-François Masson. "Dynamic SERS nanosensor for neurotransmitter sensing near neurons." Faraday Discussions 205 (2017): 387–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7fd00131b.

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Current electrophysiology and electrochemistry techniques have provided unprecedented understanding of neuronal activity. However, these techniques are suited to a small, albeit important, panel of neurotransmitters such as glutamate, GABA and dopamine, and these constitute only a subset of the broader range of neurotransmitters involved in brain chemistry. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) provides a unique opportunity to detect a broader range of neurotransmitters in close proximity to neurons. Dynamic SERS (D-SERS) nanosensors based on patch-clamp-like nanopipettes decorated with gol

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Luck, Berkley, Thomas D. Horvath, Kristen A. Engevik, et al. "Neurotransmitter Profiles Are Altered in the Gut and Brain of Mice Mono-Associated with Bifidobacterium dentium." Biomolecules 11, no. 8 (2021): 1091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11081091.

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Background: Accumulating evidence indicates that the gut microbiota can synthesize neurotransmitters as well as impact host-derived neurotransmitter levels. In the past, it has been challenging to decipher which microbes influence neurotransmitters due to the complexity of the gut microbiota. Methods: To address whether a single microbe, Bifidobacterium dentium, could regulate important neurotransmitters, we examined Bifidobacteria genomes and explored neurotransmitter pathways in secreted cell-free supernatant using LC-MS/MS. To determine if B. dentium could impact neurotransmitters in vivo,

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Si, Bo, and Edward Song. "Recent Advances in the Detection of Neurotransmitters." Chemosensors 6, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors6010001.

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Neurotransmitters are chemicals that act as messengers in the synaptic transmission process. They are essential for human health and any imbalance in their activities can cause serious mental disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer’s disease. Hence, monitoring the concentrations of various neurotransmitters is of great importance in studying and diagnosing such mental illnesses. Recently, many researchers have explored the use of unique materials for developing biosensors for both in vivo and ex vivo neurotransmitter detection. A combination of nanomaterials, polyme

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Harris, Keith D., Meital Weiss, and Amotz Zahavi. "Why are neurotransmitters neurotoxic? An evolutionary perspective." F1000Research 3 (December 2, 2014): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.4828.2.

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In the CNS, minor changes in the concentration of neurotransmitters such as glutamate or dopamine can lead to neurodegenerative diseases. We present an evolutionary perspective on the function of neurotransmitter toxicity in the CNS. We hypothesize that neurotransmitters are selected because of their toxicity, which serves as a test of neuron quality and facilitates the selection of neuronal pathways. This perspective may offer additional explanations for the reduction of neurotransmitter concentration in the CNS with age, and suggest an additional role for the blood-brain barrier. It may also

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Salim, Agus, Nyoman Suwarta, and Arifin Mado. "STUDY LITERATURE: BIOPSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW IN IMPROVING CHILDREN'S CONCENTRATION." Academic Journal Research 2, no. 1 (2024): 72–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.61796/acjoure.v2i1.120.

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Concentration is very important and needed for children in following the learning process. learning concentration can be seen from an increase in the presence of neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters function as chemical messengers that play an important role in information processing throughout the nervous system. The purpose of this research is to describe the Literature Study: A Biopsychological Review in Improving Children's Concentration. This research uses library research with a qualitative descriptive approach. Based on the results of the review of 25 (twenty-five) journals examined by

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Keighron, Jacqueline D., Yuanmo Wang, and Ann-Sofie Cans. "Electrochemistry of Single-Vesicle Events." Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry 13, no. 1 (2020): 159–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anchem-061417-010032.

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Neuronal transmission relies on electrical signals and the transfer of chemical signals from one neuron to another. Chemical messages are transmitted from presynaptic neurons to neighboring neurons through the triggered fusion of neurotransmitter-filled vesicles with the cell plasma membrane. This process, known as exocytosis, involves the rapid release of neurotransmitter solutions that are detected with high affinity by the postsynaptic neuron. The type and number of neurotransmitters released and the frequency of vesicular events govern brain functions such as cognition, decision making, le

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Wang, Ye, Yunyun Zhang, Kai Wang, et al. "Esketamine increases neurotransmitter releases but simplifies neurotransmitter networks in mouse prefrontal cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 127, no. 2 (2022): 586–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00462.2021.

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In this study, we found that esketamine significantly increased the cortical concentration of multiple neurotransmitters in mice. However, esketamine dynamically simplified the overall network of cortical neurotransmitters at different behavioral states during the perianesthesia period. The concentration of 5-HT in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was highly correlated with the esketamine-increased gamma oscillation. These findings suggested that the transformation of the neurotransmitter network rather than the concentrations of neurotransmitters could be more indicative of the consciousne

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Hassan, Taimoor. "NEUROTRANSMITTERS FOR MATH BRAIN: A NEW FINDING." Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences 19, no. 4 (2021): 125–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.46903/gjms/19.04.954.

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Neurotransmitters are the body's chemical transmitters. Their task is to send nerve cell messages to target cells. The target cells might be found in muscles, glands and other nerves. In order to control many of the processes needed for the brain, it needs neurotransmitters including: heart rate, respiration, circadian rhythms, digestion. The nervous system regulates the organs, psychological and physical operations of the individual. The neurotransmitters of nerve cells, also known as neurons, have a substantial function. The cells of the nerves fire impulses. This is done by the release of n

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Jung-Klawitter, Sabine, and Oya Kuseyri Hübschmann. "Analysis of Catecholamines and Pterins in Inborn Errors of Monoamine Neurotransmitter Metabolism—From Past to Future." Cells 8, no. 8 (2019): 867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8080867.

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Inborn errors of monoamine neurotransmitter biosynthesis and degradation belong to the rare inborn errors of metabolism. They are caused by monogenic variants in the genes encoding the proteins involved in (1) neurotransmitter biosynthesis (like tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC)), (2) in tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) cofactor biosynthesis (GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GTPCH), 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase (PTPS), sepiapterin reductase (SPR)) and recycling (pterin-4a-carbinolamine dehydratase (PCD), dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR)), or (3) in co-chaperones (DN

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Banerjee, Saikat, Stephanie McCracken, Md Faruk Hossain, and Gymama Slaughter. "Electrochemical Detection of Neurotransmitters." Biosensors 10, no. 8 (2020): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios10080101.

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Neurotransmitters are important chemical messengers in the nervous system that play a crucial role in physiological and physical health. Abnormal levels of neurotransmitters have been correlated with physical, psychotic, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, dementia, addiction, depression, and schizophrenia. Although multiple neurotechnological approaches have been reported in the literature, the detection and monitoring of neurotransmitters in the brain remains a challenge and continues to garner significant attention. Neurotechnology that provides high-throughput,

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Wang, Xuanyi. "Effects of sleep deprivation on typical neurotransmitters." E3S Web of Conferences 553 (2024): 05041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202455305041.

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Several evidence suggests that sleep deprivation (SD) leads to significant changes in the function of neurotransmitter receptors in different nerve cell types. So far, research in this area has focused on brain regions that promote wakefulness and sleep and the hippocampus, which is involved in learning and memory. When wakefulness is longer than the natural duration, there are some selective disruptions in the brain’s sensory processing and cognitive performance.The author of this article discusses sleep deprivation and brain self-clearance patterns, and then explores the relationship between

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Jamwal, Sumit, and Puneet Kumar. "Insight Into the Emerging Role of Striatal Neurotransmitters in the Pathophysiology of Parkinson’s Disease and Huntington’s Disease: A Review." Current Neuropharmacology 17, no. 2 (2019): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159x16666180302115032.

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Alteration in neurotransmitters signaling in basal ganglia has been consistently shown to significantly contribute to the pathophysiological basis of Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease. Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter which plays a critical role in coordinated body movements. Alteration in the level of brain dopamine and receptor radically contributes to irregular movements, glutamate mediated excitotoxic neuronal death and further leads to imbalance in the levels of other neurotransmitters viz. GABA, adenosine, acetylcholine and endocannabinoids. This review is based upon

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Kumar, Ganesh K. "Hypoxia. 3. Hypoxia and neurotransmitter synthesis." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 300, no. 4 (2011): C743—C751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00019.2011.

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Central and peripheral neurons as well as neuroendocrine cells express a variety of neurotransmitters/modulators that play critical roles in regulation of physiological systems. The synthesis of several neurotransmitters/modulators is regulated by O2-requiring rate-limiting enzymes. Consequently, hypoxia resulting from perturbations in O2 homeostasis can affect neuronal functions by altering neurotransmitter synthesis. Two broad categories of hypoxia are frequently encountered: continuous hypoxia (CH) and intermittent hypoxia (IH). CH is often seen during high altitude sojourns, whereas IH is

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Huang, Qiqi, Lishi Chen, Jianhao Liang, Qiongzhen Huang, and Haitao Sun. "Neurotransmitters: Potential Targets in Glioblastoma." Cancers 14, no. 16 (2022): 3970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14163970.

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For decades, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a type of the most lethal brain tumor, has remained a formidable challenge in terms of its treatment. Recently, many novel discoveries have underlined the regulatory roles of neurotransmitters in the microenvironment both physiologically and pathologically. By targeting the receptors synaptically or non-synaptically, neurotransmitters activate multiple signaling pathways. Significantly, many ligands acting on neurotransmitter receptors have shown great potential for inhibiting GBM growth and development, requiring further research. Here, we provide a

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Omond, S. "P054 Neurotransmitters of Sleep and Wake in Flatworms." Sleep Advances 4, Supplement_1 (2023): A54—A55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleepadvances/zpad035.139.

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Abstract Introduction Sleep is something that we all do, regardless of how much or how little. But why we sleep, and how sleep evolved is still something of a mystery. This research investigated how neurotransmitters and pharmaceuticals commonly seen in mammalian sleep and wake, play a role in the sleep of free-living flatworms. Methods Using behavioural methods, I observed the behaviour of flatworms under a 12:12 LD lighting condition. Using seven neurotransmitters and one pharmaceutical, I used a novel “yolk and soak” method – feeding the animals the neurotransmitter via hard-boiled egg yolk

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Loula, R., and L. H. A. Monteiro. "Monoamine neurotransmitters and mood swings: a dynamical systems approach." Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 19, no. 4 (2022): 4075–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2022187.

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<abstract><p>Serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine are monoamine neurotransmitters that modulate our mood state. Hence, imbalances in the levels of these neurotransmitters have been linked to the incidence of several psychiatric disorders. Here, a mathematical model written in terms of ordinary differential equations is proposed to represent the interaction of these three neurotransmitters. It is analytically and numerically shown that this model can experience a Hopf bifurcation. Thus, by varying a parameter value, the neurotransmitter levels can change from a steady state to an

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Fields, R. Douglas. "Release of neurotransmitters from glia." Neuron Glia Biology 6, no. 3 (2010): 137–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740925x11000020.

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There is no question about the fact that astrocytes and other glial cells release neurotransmitters that activate receptors on neurons, glia and vascular cells, and that calcium is an important second messenger regulating the release. This occurs in cell culture, tissue slice and in vivo. Negative results from informative experiments designed to test the mechanism of calcium-dependent neurotransmitter release from astrocytes and the ensuing effects on synaptic transmission, have been cited as evidence calling into question whether astrocytes release neurotransmitters under normal circumstances

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Brennenstuhl, Heiko, Sabine Jung-Klawitter, Birgit Assmann, and Thomas Opladen. "Inherited Disorders of Neurotransmitters: Classification and Practical Approaches for Diagnosis and Treatment." Neuropediatrics 50, no. 01 (2018): 002–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1673630.

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AbstractNeurotransmitter deficiencies are rare neurological disorders with clinical onset during childhood. The disorders are caused by genetic defects in the enzymes involved in synthesis, degradation, or transport of neurotransmitters or by defects in the cofactor biosynthesis such as tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). With the newly described DNAJC12 deficiency, a chaperon-associated neurotransmitter disorder, the pathophysiological spectrum has been broadened. All deficiencies result in a lack of monoamine neurotransmitters, especially dopamine and its products, with a subset leading to decreased

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Wagner, Julia, Svenja Tetzlaff, Ekin Reyhan, and Varun Venkataramani. "CNSC-56. DIVERSE, FUNCTIONAL NEUROTRANSMITTER RECEPTOR EXPRESSION ON GLIOBLASTOMA CELLS ENABLES EXTENSIVE NEURON-TO-GLIOMA COMMUNICATION." Neuro-Oncology 26, Supplement_8 (2024): viii53—viii54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noae165.0212.

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Abstract Glioblastomas are invasive yet incurable brain tumors. Recent data have shown that glutamatergic neuron-to-glioma synapses drive glioblastoma proliferation and invasion. In this study, we set out to investigate whether glioblastoma could communicate with neurons via various neuron-derived neurotransmitters through a functional neurotransmitter receptor screening. For this purpose, we stably transduced glioblastoma cells with a genetically encoded calcium indicator and sequentially and locally applied eight different neurotransmitters to glioblastoma cells in neuron-glioma co-cultures.

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Huang, Chun-Ping, Yi-Wen Lin, Der-Yen Lee, and Ching-Liang Hsieh. "Electroacupuncture Relieves CCI-Induced Neuropathic Pain Involving Excitatory and Inhibitory Neurotransmitters." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2019 (October 20, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6784735.

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Neuropathic pain caused by peripheral tissue injuries to the higher brain regions still has no satisfactory therapy. Disruption of the balance of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters is one of the underlying mechanisms that results in chronic neuropathic pain. Targeting neurotransmitters and related receptors may constitute a novel approach for treating neuropathic pain. We investigated the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on chronic constriction injury- (CCI-) induced neuropathic pain. The mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia pain behaviors were relieved by 15 Hz EA but not

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Kumar, Pankaj, Isha Soni, Gururaj Kudur Jayaprakash, and Roberto Flores-Moreno. "Studies of Monoamine Neurotransmitters at Nanomolar Levels Using Carbon Material Electrodes: A Review." Materials 15, no. 16 (2022): 5782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15165782.

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Neurotransmitters (NTs) with hydroxyl groups can now be identified electrochemically, utilizing a variety of electrodes and voltammetric techniques. In particular, in monoamine, the position of the hydroxyl groups might alter the sensing properties of a certain neurotransmitter. Numerous research studies using electrodes modified on their surfaces to better detect specific neurotransmitters when other interfering factors are present are reviewed to improve the precision of these measures. An investigation of the monoamine neurotransmitters at nanoscale using electrochemical methods is the prim

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Reghunandanan, Vallath. "Functional interactions between neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in regulating suprachiasmatic nucleus function and circadian rhythms." Exploration of Neuroscience 3, no. 5 (2024): 434–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.37349/en.2024.00059.

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The overt expression of circadian rhythms is a manifestation of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). This integrated complex function based on the transcriptional/translational feedback loops (TFFLs), neurotransmitters, genes, networking, and synchronization is essential for this molecular mechanism to operate effectively. Neurotransmitters by participating in the entrainment to the environmental light conditions and synchronization contribute to the robustness of the rhythm. Neurotransmitter signaling is the hallmark of circadian rhythm expression. Even during development, neuropeptides contrib

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Enkhtaivan, Enkhmend, and Chang Hoon Lee. "Role of Amine Neurotransmitters and Their Receptors in Skin Pigmentation: Therapeutic Implication." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 15 (2021): 8071. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22158071.

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Skin pigmentation can occur due to increased melanin, including melanocyte proliferation, melanin biosynthesis, or melanocyte migration. There are many factors that influence the melanin production process, but the role of neurotransmitters in this process is still unclear. We found that histamine and serotonin influence the different stages of melanogenesis and melanogenesis, which increase melanogenesis. Since then, several related papers have been published, and from these papers, it has been recognised that the role of neurotransmitters in skin-pigment-related diseases needs to be summaris

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Boff, Johane M., Abhishek P. Shrestha, Saivikram Madireddy, Nilmini Viswaprakash, Luca Della Santina, and Thirumalini Vaithianathan. "The Interplay between Neurotransmitters and Calcium Dynamics in Retinal Synapses during Development, Health, and Disease." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 4 (2024): 2226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25042226.

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The intricate functionality of the vertebrate retina relies on the interplay between neurotransmitter activity and calcium (Ca2+) dynamics, offering important insights into developmental processes, physiological functioning, and disease progression. Neurotransmitters orchestrate cellular processes to shape the behavior of the retina under diverse circumstances. Despite research to elucidate the roles of individual neurotransmitters in the visual system, there remains a gap in our understanding of the holistic integration of their interplay with Ca2+ dynamics in the broader context of neuronal

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Devaraj, Uthirakumar. "Glutamate Elicits Therapeutic Responses in Light-Induced Sleep-Deprived Zebrafish, Danio rerio." Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications 14, no. 4 (2021): 1577–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/14.4.32.

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Sleep deprivation disrupts most neurotransmitters, which can lead to adverse behavioural changes and other psychiatric illnesses. Many neurotransmitter systems, including dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (N.E.) and GABA, have been implicated in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. The precise significance of sleep deprivation (S.D.) changes in the neurotransmitter levels and the mechanism underlying behavioural alterations is unknown. According to research, sleep deprivation (S.D.) has a major effect on an individual’s quality of life and ability to perform essential physiolog

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Joseph, Litty, Saneha O.R, and Chinchu Ravi. "Insomnia: Therapy and Role of neurotransmitters." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 12 (2021): 511–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/121052.

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Insomnia is one of the most common sleep disorders which affects 30-40 percent of the adult population. The present article provides a combined review on prevalence, categories of insomnia, pathophysiology, role of neurotransmitter on sleep and different types of therapies for insomnia. From this review it was estimated that hormones like melatonin, cortisol, and others produced by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis regulate the sleep-wake cycle. Disturbance of this cycle leads to insomnia. Furthermore, Neurotransmitter like GABA-Lglutamic acid, Acetylcholine, Norepinephrine, Dopamine, Se

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Yao, Yongcheng, Shan Zhao, Yuhong Zhang, et al. "Job-related burnout is associated with brain neurotransmitter levels in Chinese medical workers: a cross-sectional study." Journal of International Medical Research 46, no. 8 (2018): 3226–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060518775003.

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Objective The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between job burnout and neurotransmitter levels in medical staff. Methods A total of 80 medical staff were enrolled in the study and assessed for occupational burnout using the Maslach Burnout Inventory – General Survey (MBI-GS). The levels of neurotransmitters in the cerebral cortex were analysed using an SP03 encephalofluctuograph. Results The levels of the neurotransmitters γ-aminobutyric acid, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), glutamate, acetylcholine (Achl) and dopamine (DA) were significantly lower

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Prado, Vania F., Ashbeel Roy, Benjamin Kolisnyk, Robert Gros, and Marco A. M. Prado. "Regulation of cholinergic activity by the vesicular acetylcholine transporter." Biochemical Journal 450, no. 2 (2013): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20121662.

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Acetylcholine, the first chemical to be identified as a neurotransmitter, is packed in synaptic vesicles by the activity of VAChT (vesicular acetylcholine transporter). A decrease in VAChT expression has been reported in a number of diseases, and this has consequences for the amount of acetylcholine loaded in synaptic vesicles as well as for neurotransmitter release. Several genetically modified mice targeting the VAChT gene have been generated, providing novel models to understand how changes in VAChT affect transmitter release. A surprising finding is that most cholinergic neurons in the bra

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Kim, Dongshin, and Jang-Sik Lee. "Emulating Excitatory and Inhibitory Functions in Artificial Synaptic Devices." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 33 (2022): 2585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02332585mtgabs.

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Synaptic signals are controlled by neurotransmitters. The synaptic signals can be excited or inhibited depending on the types of neurotransmitters. The demonstration of the balancing between excitatory and inhibitory signals has important implications for the complex and efficient computing of the nervous system. Emulating the excitatory-inhibitory balancing behaviors of the nervous system is one way to establish neuromorphic computing. In this study, we demonstrate artificial synapses using PEDOT:PSS channel and neurotransmitter solutions to emulate the excitatory-inhibitory balancing behavio

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Marshall, Kenneth C., and Huangui Xiong. "Modulation of amino acid neurotransmitter actions by other neurotransmitters: some examples." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 69, no. 7 (1991): 1115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y91-163.

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Developments in the field of central neurotransmission indicate that amino acids serve as important and widespread transmitters throughout the central nervous system. There are increasing indications from recent experimental studies that several of the other central neurotransmitters may exert potent effects on central neurons by modulating the actions of amino acids. Noradrenaline and serotonin have received particular attention as potential modulators, and a wide variety of actions has been reported for them. Modulatory actions have been reported at both pre- and post-synaptic levels, includ

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Omote, Hiroshi, and Yoshinori Moriyama. "Vesicular Neurotransmitter Transporters: An Approach for Studying Transporters With Purified Proteins." Physiology 28, no. 1 (2013): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00033.2012.

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Vesicular storage and subsequent release of neurotransmitters are the key processes of chemical signal transmission. In this process, vesicular neurotransmitter transporters are responsible for loading the signaling molecules. The use of a “clean biochemical” approach with purified, recombinant transporters has helped in the identification of novel vesicular neurotransmitter transporters and in the analysis of the control of signal transmission.

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Volkova, Alla Andreevna, Roman Anatolievich Kalekin, Alevtina Mikhailovna Orlova, Albina Zakharovna Pavlova, Olga Genrikhovna Astashkina, and Andrey Leonidovich Pavlov. "The effect of zaleplon on metabolic changes in neurotransmitters and toxic effects in Danio fish." Toxicological Review 31, no. 3 (2023): 192–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-3-192-203.

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Introduction. Z-drugs are a group of “non-benzodiazepine” drugs with the main mode of action regulating sleep behavior in humans through exposure to GABA receptors. There are reports indicating the toxic effects of overdose and abuse of zaleplon. However, information on the effect of Z-drugs on neurotransmitter levels is scarce.  The aim of this study was to study the effect of zaleplon exposure on neurotransmitter levels in the larvae of Danio fish using targeted metabolomics.  Material and methods. 4-hour exposure to zaleplon in concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, 10, 100 and 1000 μg/l w

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Anonymous. "NEUROTRANSMITTERS." Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services 23, no. 8 (1985): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0279-3695-19850801-12.

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Hyman, Steven E. "Neurotransmitters." Current Biology 15, no. 5 (2005): R154—R158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2005.02.037.

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Arun M. "“AN ANALYSIS OF VATA DOSHA IN RELATION WITH NEUROTRANSMITTERS.”." International Journal Of Indian Medicine 04, no. 10 (2023): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.55552/ijim.2023.41005.

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The Neurotransmitters are referred as the molecules of the chemical messengers in the body. Their job is to transmit signals from nerve cells to target cells. These target cells may be in muscles, glands, or other nerves. The nervous system controls the body’s organs, psychological and physical functions and play important roles in the system. In Ayurveda the vata dosha the controller of the body and is the causation for all the movements in the body. The dosha classifies in to 5 types are prana vata, udana vata, samana vata, vyana vata, apana vata. All these are helping all kind of movements

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Paterson, Louise M., Robin J. Tyacke, David J. Nutt, and Gitte M. Knudsen. "Measuring Endogenous 5-HT Release by Emission Tomography: Promises and Pitfalls." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 30, no. 10 (2010): 1682–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2010.104.

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Molecular in vivo neuroimaging techniques can be used to measure regional changes in endogenous neurotransmitters, evoked by challenges that alter synaptic neurotransmitter concentration. This technique has most successfully been applied to the study of endogenous dopamine release using positron emission tomography, but has not yet been adequately extended to other neurotransmitter systems. This review focuses on how the technique has been applied to the study of the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) system. The principles behind visualising fluctuations in neurotransmitters are introduced, with refe

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Yazawa, Toru, and Isao Uemura. "An HPLC analysis of neurotransmitters in sea urchin larvae." Zygote 8, S1 (1999): S85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199400130503.

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Classical neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine (ACh), biogenic amines and ϒ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) have been shown to mediate various forms of intercellular signalling in marine invertebrates including sea urchin larvae (Buznikov et al., 1996). The presence of amines and GABA in the nervous system of sea urchin larvae has been demonstrated by a cytochemical method at the gastrula stage (Bisgrove & Burke, 1987). However, few quantitative analyses of neurotransmitters have been attempted in the embryonic sea urchin. To accomplish this during the period of embryogenesis, in the present s

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Yang, Zhenqi, Yong Zou, and Lifeng Wang. "Neurotransmitters in Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 4 (2023): 3841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043841.

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most frequent cause of cognitive impairment in middle-aged and older populations. There is a lack of drugs that demonstrate significant efficacy in AD, so the study of the pathogenesis of AD is of great importance. More efficacious interventions are needed, as reflected by our population’s fast aging. Synaptic plasticity is the capacity of neurons to adjust their connections, and it is strongly tied to learning and memory, cognitive function, and brain injury recovery. Changes in synaptic strength, such as long-term potentiation (LTP) or inhibition (LTD), are th

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Zestos, Alexander G. "Carbon Nanoelectrodes for the Electrochemical Detection of Neurotransmitters." International Journal of Electrochemistry 2018 (August 1, 2018): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3679627.

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Carbon-based electrodes have been developed for the detection of neurotransmitters over the past 30 years using voltammetry and amperometry. The traditional electrode for neurotransmitter detection is the carbon fiber microelectrode (CFME). The carbon-based electrode is suitable for in vivo neurotransmitter detection due to the fact that it is biocompatible and relatively small in surface area. The advent of nanoscale electrodes is in high demand due to smaller surface areas required to target specific brain regions that are also minimally invasive and cause relatively low tissue damage when i

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Iovane, Gerardo, and Raffaella Di Pasquale. "A Complexity Theory-Based Novel AI Algorithm for Exploring Emotions and Affections by Utilizing Artificial Neurotransmitters." Electronics 14, no. 6 (2025): 1093. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14061093.

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The aim of this work is to introduce a computer science solution to manage emotions and affections and connect them to the causes as in humans. The scientific foundation of this work lies in the ability to model the affective and emotional states of an individual or artificial intelligence (AI). Then, in this study, we go a step further by exploring how to extend this capability by linking it to the underlying causes—specifically, by establishing a connection between emotions, affective states, and neurotransmitter activities. The methods used in this study pertain to decision support systems

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Helmschrodt, Christin, Susen Becker, Stefanie Perl, Anja Schulz, and Angelika Richter. "Development of a fast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous quantification of neurotransmitters in murine microdialysate." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 412, no. 28 (2020): 7777–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-02906-z.

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Abstract The continuous measurement of multiple neurotransmitters in microdialysate of freely moving mice to study neurochemical changes in specific brain regions requires a rapid and very sensitive quantitative analytical method. The quantitative analysis of 11 neurotransmitters and metabolites, including serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), melatonin (ME), dopamine (DA), levodopa (l-DOPA), 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT), norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (EP), acetylcholine (ACh), choline (Ch), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), was performed using a biphenyl column coupled to an API

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Xu, Xiaobai, Lu Liu, Luopeng Zhao, et al. "Effect of Electroacupuncture on Hyperalgesia and Vasoactive Neurotransmitters in a Rat Model of Conscious Recurrent Migraine." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2019 (May 14, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9512875.

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Migraine onset is associated with the abnormal release of vasoactive neurotransmitters from perivascular nerves, and these neurotransmitters are involved in the pathophysiology of migraine. Hyperalgesia is a key feature of migraine, and accumulating evidence indicates that electroacupuncture (EA) at the single acupuncture point (Fengchi [GB20]) is effective in ameliorating hyperalgesia. In clinical practice, multiple acupuncture points are widely used, especially GB20 and Yanglingquan (GB34). However, the role played by vasoactive neurotransmitters in acupuncture antihyperalgesic effect at the

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D’Alessandro, Giuseppina, Clotilde Lauro, Deborah Quaglio, et al. "Neuro-Signals from Gut Microbiota: Perspectives for Brain Glioma." Cancers 13, no. 11 (2021): 2810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13112810.

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Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive form of glioma tumor in adult brain. Among the numerous factors responsible for GBM cell proliferation and invasion, neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin and glutamate can play key roles. Studies performed in mice housed in germ-free (GF) conditions demonstrated the relevance of the gut-brain axis in a number of physiological and pathological conditions. The gut–brain communication is made possible by vagal/nervous and blood/lymphatic routes and pave the way for reciprocal modulation of functions. The gut microbiota produces and consumes a wid

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Niyonambaza, Shimwe Dominique, Praveen Kumar, Paul Xing, et al. "A Review of Neurotransmitters Sensing Methods for Neuro-Engineering Research." Applied Sciences 9, no. 21 (2019): 4719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9214719.

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Neurotransmitters as electrochemical signaling molecules are essential for proper brain function and their dysfunction is involved in several mental disorders. Therefore, the accurate detection and monitoring of these substances are crucial in brain studies. Neurotransmitters are present in the nervous system at very low concentrations, and they mixed with many other biochemical molecules and minerals, thus making their selective detection and measurement difficult. Although numerous techniques to do so have been proposed in the literature, neurotransmitter monitoring in the brain is still a c

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Bairy, Laxminarayana Kurady, and Suresh Kumar. "Neurotransmitters and neuromodulators involved in learning and memory." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 8, no. 12 (2019): 2777. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20195296.

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Learning and memory being highly specialized process of human brain involves complex interaction between neurotransmitters and cellular events. Over the years, the understandings of these processes have been evolving from psychological, neurophysiological, and pharmacological perspectives. The most widely appraised model of learning and memory involves attention, acquisition, storage and retrieval. Each of these events involve interplay of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, acetylcholine, norepinephrine, N-methyl-d-aspartic acid, gamma-aminobutyric acid, though preponderance of specific neuro

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He, Yanan, and Senyan Zheng. "Analysis of the effects of psychotropic drugs targeting neurotransmitters and their receptors." Theoretical and Natural Science 62, no. 1 (2024): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/62/20241475.

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Abstract. Neurotransmitters play a crucial role in the production and treatment of psychiatric disorders. A neurotransmitter is a chemical that transmits signals and is very closely associated with a variety of neural activities such as mood, memory, growth and development, and drug addiction. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the research on psychiatric diseases caused by uneven neurotransmitter secretion and drug treatment for psychiatric disorders. By studying the way drugs act on different neurotransmitters and their receptors, regulate the functional activities of the

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Werner, Felix-Martin, and Rafael Coveñas. "Neural Networks in Generalized Epilepsy and Novel Antiepileptic Drugs." Current Pharmaceutical Design 25, no. 4 (2019): 396–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666190319121505.

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Background:In previous works, alterations of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in the brain areas involved in generalized epilepsy have been reported.Objective:We reviewed the alterations of these neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in the following brain areas involved in generalized epilepsy: hippocampus, hypothalamus, thalamus and cerebral cortex. In these brain areas, the neural networks are also actualized. The mechanisms of action of newer antiepileptic drugs in the treatment of generalized epilepsy are also discussed.Results:Up-dating the neurotransmitter and neuropeptide alterations,

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