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Journal articles on the topic 'Neurosurgery'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Quest, Donald O. "Naval aviation and neurosurgery: traditions, commonalities, and lessons learned." Journal of Neurosurgery 107, no. 6 (December 2007): 1067–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns-07/12/1067.

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✓In his presidential address to the American Association of Neurological Surgeons, the author recounts lessons he learned while training to be a Naval Aviator and later a neurosurgeon. He describes his life as an aviator and neurosurgeon, compares naval aviation and neurosurgery, and points out lessons that neurosurgery can learn from naval aviation.

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2

Kim, Dong Gyu, Chul-Kee Park, and Sun Ha Paek. "Bo Sung Sim (1924–2001): a pioneer of neurosurgery in Korea." Journal of Neurosurgery 105, no. 3 (September 2006): 494–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2006.105.3.494.

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✓ Bo Sung Sim (1924–2001) stands as a prominent figure in the history of Korean neurosurgery. His devoted contributions have led to the fruitful development of modern neurosurgery in Korea. Sim practiced advanced neurosurgical techniques, undertook basic research, was passionate about education in the early years of neurosurgery in Korea, and played an essential role in founding the Korean Neurosurgical Society. Sim was a true neurosurgeon—a teacher, a scientist, and a superb pioneer in Korean neurosurgery.

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3

_, _., Deborah L. Benzil, Aviva Abosch, Isabelle Germano, Holly Gilmer, J. Nozipo Maraire, Karin Muraszko, et al. "The future of neurosurgery: a white paper on the recruitment and retention of women in neurosurgery." Journal of Neurosurgery 109, no. 3 (September 2008): 378–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns/2008/109/9/0378.

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Preface The leadership of Women in Neurosurgery (WINS) has been asked by the Board of Directors of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) to compose a white paper on the recruitment and retention of female neurosurgical residents and practitioners. Introduction Neurosurgery must attract the best and the brightest. Women now constitute a larger percentage of medical school classes than men, representing approximately 60% of each graduating medical school class. Neurosurgery is facing a potential crisis in the US workforce pipeline, with the number of neurosurgeons in the US (per capita) decreasing. Women in the Neurosurgery Workforce The number of women entering neurosurgery training programs and the number of board-certified female neurosurgeons is not increasing. Personal anecdotes demonstrating gender inequity abound among female neurosurgeons at every level of training and career development. Gender inequity exists in neurosurgery training programs, in the neurosurgery workplace, and within organized neurosurgery. Obstacles The consistently low numbers of women in neurosurgery training programs and in the workplace results in a dearth of female role models for the mentoring of residents and junior faculty/practitioners. This lack of guidance contributes to perpetuation of barriers to women considering careers in neurosurgery, and to the lack of professional advancement experienced by women already in the field. There is ample evidence that mentors and role models play a critical role in the training and retention of women faculty within academic medicine. The absence of a critical mass of female neurosurgeons in academic medicine may serve as a deterrent to female medical students deciding whether or not to pursue careers in neurosurgery. There is limited exposure to neurosurgery during medical school. Medical students have concerns regarding gender inequities (acceptance into residency, salaries, promotion, and achieving leadership positions). Gender inequity in academic medicine is not unique to neurosurgery; nonetheless, promotion to full professor, to neurosurgery department chair, or to a national leadership position is exceedingly rare within neurosurgery. Bright, competent, committed female neurosurgeons exist in the workforce, yet they are not being promoted in numbers comparable to their male counterparts. No female neurosurgeon has ever been president of the AANS, Congress of Neurological Surgeons, or Society of Neurological Surgeons (SNS), or chair of the American Board of Neurological Surgery (ABNS). No female neurosurgeon has even been on the ABNS or the Neurological Surgery Residency Review Committee and, until this year, no more than 2 women have simultaneously been members of the SNS. Gender inequity serves as a barrier to the advancement of women within both academic and community-based neurosurgery. Strategic Approach to Address Issues Identified. To overcome the issues identified above, the authors recommend that the AANS join WINS in implementing a strategic plan, as follows: 1) Characterize the barriers. 2) Identify and eliminate discriminatory practices in the recruitment of medical students, in the training of residents, and in the hiring and advancement of neurosurgeons. 3) Promote women into leadership positions within organized neurosurgery. 4) Foster the development of female neurosurgeon role models by the training and promotion of competent, enthusiastic, female trainees and surgeons.

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Fisher III, Winfield S. "Pediatric Neurosurgery for the General Neurosurgeon." Seminars in Neurosurgery 13, no. 1 (2002): 001–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-35241.

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5

Ellenbogen, Richard G. "Pediatric Neurosurgery for the General Neurosurgeon." Seminars in Neurosurgery 13, no. 1 (2002): 003–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-35242.

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6

Duy, Phan Q., Serban Negoita, Uma V. Mahajan, Nicholas S. Diab, Ank Agarwal, Trisha Gupte, Manish D. Paranjpe, and William S. Anderson. "Description and assessment of a neurosurgery shadowing and research program: A paradigm for early and sustained exposure to academic neurosurgery." Translational Neuroscience 10, no. 1 (August 9, 2019): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tnsci-2019-0034.

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Abstract Objective To describe and assess the educational value of a functional neurosurgery clinical shadowing and research tutorial for pre-medical trainees. Design Program participants observed functional neurosurgery procedures and conducted basic science and clinical research in neurosurgery fields. Former participants completed a brief online survey to evaluate their perspectives and experiences throughout the tutorial. Setting Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Participants 15 pre-medical and post-baccalaureate trainees participated in the tutorial. All former tutorial participants were emailed. Results 11/15 former participants responded to the survey. Survey results suggest that the tutorial program increased participants’ understanding of and interest in neurosurgery and related fields in neuroscience. Conclusions The functional neurosurgery medical tutorial provides valuable clinical and research exposure in neurosurgery fields for pre-medical trainees. Our work is a preliminary step in addressing the crucial challenge of training the next generation of neurosurgeon-scientists by providing a pedagogical paradigm for development of formal experiences that integrate original scientific research with clinical neurosurgery exposure.

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Kovalenko, R. A., V. Yu Cherebillo, Yu V. Mukhitova, E. R. Isayeva, F. A. Chemurzieva, and S. N. Valchuk. "Sexism in Russian neurosurgery." Vestnik nevrologii, psihiatrii i nejrohirurgii (Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery), no. 6 (May 11, 2021): 475 (488)—482 (494). http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-01-2106-07.

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The work is devoted to the study of the issue of gender inequality in Russian neurosurgery. Materials and methods: the study is based on an anonymous survey of neurosurgeons working in Russia. The authors have developed 2 questionnaires, different for men and women. 103 certified neurosurgeons were interviewed, 53 of them were men and 50 — women. Results: on average, male neurosurgeons were older, with more work experience, more often had a medical category (p <0.05) and performed a greater number of independent operations (p <0.01). In all the same questions characterizing the perception of the image of a female neurosurgeon, significant differences were revealed between men and women (p <0.01). Women do not feel less trust in the quality of their work because of their gender, but throughout their medical education and work, they regularly face the notion that neurosurgery is not a suitable profession for women. Harassment is not a typical phenomenon in Russian neurosurgery. Among the authors of articles in the 5 most cited Russian neurosurgical journals for 2016–2018, there were 20.7 % women; 15 % of the first authors were women. Conclusions: female neurosurgeons in Russia face manifestations of gender discrimination in the professional environment, which is an additional obstacle to becoming a neurosurgeon. The perception of the image of a female neurosurgeon differs significantly among neurosurgeons, depending on their gender. English version of the article on pp. 488-494 is available at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/sexism-in-russian-neurosurgery/70193.html

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8

Preul, Mark C., William Feindel, T. Forcht Dagi, Joseph Stratford, and Gilles Bertrand. "Arthur Roland Elvidge (1899–1985): contributions to the diagnosis of brain tumors and cerebrovascular disease." Journal of Neurosurgery 88, no. 1 (January 1998): 162–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1998.88.1.0162.

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✓ The contributions of Arthur Elvidge (1899–1985), Wilder Penfield's first neurosurgical recruit, to the development of neurosurgery have been relatively neglected, although his work in brain tumors extended the previous work of Percival Bailey and Harvey Cushing. He published rigorous correlations of clinical and histological information and formulated a revised, modern nosology for neuroepithelial tumors, including a modern histological definition of glioblastoma multiforme. Well ahead of his time, he believed that glioblastoma was not strictly localized and was the first to comment that the tumor frequently showed “satellitosis.” He was the first neurosurgeon in North America to use angiography as a radiographic aid in the diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease. Having studied with Egas Moniz, he was the first to detail the use of angiographic examinations specifically for demonstrating cerebrovascular disorders, believing that it would make possible routine surgery of the intracranial blood vessels. Seeking to visualize all phases of angiography, he was the impetus behind the design of one of the first semi-automatic film changers. Elvidge and Egas Moniz made the first observations on thrombosis of the carotid vessels independently of each other. Elvidge elucidated the significance of embolic stroke and commented on the ischemic sequelae of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Besides his contributions to neurosurgery, he codiscovered the mode of transmission of poliomyelitis. Elvidge's soft-spoken manner, his dry wit and candor, mastery of the understatement, love of exotic travel, and consummate dedication to neurosurgery made him a favorite of patients, neurosurgery residents, nurses, and other hospital staff. His accomplishments and example as teacher and physician have become part of neurosurgery's growing legacy.

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Merali, Z., S. Sharma, R. MacDonald, and E. Massicotte. "Neurosurgery (General Neurosurgery)." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 42, S1 (May 2015): S40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2015.183.

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Background: Critically ill neurosurgical patients require expedient access to neurosurgical centers (NC) to improve outcome. In Ontario, many patients are initially evaluated at a non-neurosurgical center (NNC) and subsequently transferred to a NC by a provincial service using air or ground vehicles. We characterized transfers from NNC to NC for critically ill patients. Methods: A retrospective observational analysis was undertaken. The cohort included patients in Ontario with emergent and urgent neurologic pathologies who underwent transfer from a NNC to NC between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2013. Timing, clinical, and geographic data were collected for each transfer. Results: We identified 1103 emergent/urgent transfers. The mean transfer time to a NC was 3.4hrs (SD – 3.0) and varied by the geographic region of origin. 17% of patients bypassed a closer NC during transfer to their destination NC. Transfers that bypassed a closer NC travelled further (162km vs. 477km, p<0.001), took longer (3.1hrs vs. 3.9hrs, p<0.001), and in some regions were associated with a higher risk of in-transit clinical decline (3.0% vs. 8.3%, p<0.05) when compared with transfers that ended at the closest NC. Conclusions: Transport time to a NC varied across Ontario. Transfers occasionally bypassed the nearest NC, which may reflect neurosurgical bed availability, resource limitations, or patient needs.

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10

Yang, MM, A. Singhal, N. Au, and AR Hengel. "Neurosurgery (Pediatric Neurosurgery)." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 42, S1 (May 2015): S48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2015.217.

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Background: Studies in the literature suggest preoperative laboratory investigations and cross-match are performed unnecessarily and rarely lead to changes in clinical management. This study explored whether preoperative laboratory investigations in neurosurgical children alter clinical management and to determine the utilization of cross-matched blood perioperatively in elective pediatric neurosurgical cases. Methods: We reviewed patient charts for elective neurosurgery procedures (2010-2014) at our institution. Variables collected include preoperative complete blood count (CBC), electrolytes, coagulation, group and screen, and cross-match. Instances of altered clinical management as a consequence of preoperative investigation were noted. The number of cross-matched blood transfused perioperatively was also determined. Results: 477 electively scheduled pediatric neurosurgical patients were reviewed. Preoperative CBC was done on 294 and 39.8% had at least one laboratory abnormality. Electrolytes and coagulation panels were abnormal in 23.8% and 24.5% respectively. The preoperative investigations led to a change in clinical management in three patients, two of which were associated with significant past medical history. 57.9% had blood cross-matched and 3.6% of patients received perioperative blood transfusions. The cross-match to transfusion ratio was 16. Conclusion: This study suggests that the results of preoperative laboratory exams have limited value, apart from cases with oncology and complex pre-existing conditions. Additionally, cross-matching might be excessively conducted in elective pediatric neurosurgical cases.

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11

Izci, Yusuf. "The evolution of military neurosurgery in the Turkish army." Neurosurgical Focus 28, no. 5 (May 2010): E16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2010.1.focus09232.

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The history of neurosurgery in the Turkish army is not long and complex. Neurosurgery was first practiced in the Ottoman army by Cemil Pasha, who was a general surgeon. After the fall of the Ottoman Empire, the Republic of Turkey was established and modern neurosurgical procedures were applied at the Gulhane Military Medical Academy (GMMA). Maj. Zinnur Rollas, M.D., was the founder of the Department of Neurosurgery at GMMA in 1957. A modern neurosurgical program and school was established in 1965 by Col. Hamit Ziya Gokalp, M.D., who completed his residency training in the US. Today, 26 military neurosurgeons are on active duty in 11 military hospitals in Turkey. All of these neurosurgeons work in modern clinics and operating theaters. In this paper, military neurosurgery in the Turkish army is reported in 3 parts: 1) the history of neurosurgery in the Turkish military, 2) the Department of Neurosurgery at the GMMA, and 3) the duties of a military neurosurgeon in the Turkish army.

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12

McCormick, Paul C. "The 2012 AANS Presidential Address." Journal of Neurosurgery 117, no. 6 (December 2012): 983–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2012.8.jns121067.

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The theme of the 80th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons and the title of this presidential address, “We are neurosurgery,” is a simple 3-word affirmation of who neurosurgeons are, what they have achieved, and how much there is yet to accomplish. Recent advances in neurobiology and the clinical neurosciences have brought an unprecedented understanding of the human nervous system in both health and disease. As a specialty, neurosurgery has translated knowledge, expanded techniques, and incorporated technology to exponentially expand the science and scope of neurosurgical practice. However, the rapidly advancing, divergently evolving growth of neurosurgery has had profound effects on all aspects of neurosurgery. In this address, the author examines the contemporary meaning of the annual meeting's theme as it relates to the science, practice, specialty, and profession of neurosurgery, as well as the neurosurgeon. In doing so, the author reveals his interpretation of “We are neurosurgery,” which he hopes will have an effect on others.

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13

Goyal, Nishant, Aditya Kiran Patil, Robi Kuldeep, and Girish Rajpal. "Need to Incorporate Endovascular Neurosurgery in Neurosurgery Curriculum in India: Stay Abreast or be Left Behind." Neurology India 71, no. 6 (2023): 1222–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0028-3886.391393.

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Endovascular neurosurgery is one of the most rapidly evolving subspecialties in the field of neurosurgery. Since its inception, it has taken up almost 50%–60% of the cerebrovascular workload. Various specialties are competing to claim this field; still, no one can argue against a neurosurgeon's suitability in performing endovascular techniques. Currently, the field is shared between neurosurgeons and neuroradiologists, each getting different pie shares in various parts of the world. However, in India, barring a few residency programs, most neurosurgery programs offer little or no exposure to endovascular techniques. There is an urgent need for endovascular neurosurgery to be incorporated in the neurosurgery training curriculum in the country. Performing DSAs is the first step toward starting an endovascular neurosurgery unit. We have presented here the data of the DSAs done by a single neurosurgeon over almost 3 years. We have discussed our experience in the hope that fellow neurosurgeons across the country find it useful.

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14

Elhadi, Ali M., Samuel Kalb, Nikolay L. Martirosyan, Abhishek Agrawal, and Mark C. Preul. "Fedor Krause: the first systematic use of x-rays in neurosurgery." Neurosurgical Focus 33, no. 2 (August 2012): E4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2012.6.focus12135.

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Within a few months of Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen's discovery of x-rays in 1895, Fedor Krause acquired an x-ray apparatus and began to use it in his daily interactions with patients and for diagnosis. He was the first neurosurgeon to use x-rays methodically and systematically. In 1908 Krause published the first volume of text on neurosurgery, Chirurgie des Gehirns und Rückenmarks (Surgery of the Brain and Spinal Cord), which was translated into English in 1909. The second volume followed in 1911. This was the first published multivolume text totally devoted to neurosurgery. Although Krause excelled in and promoted neurosurgery, he believed that surgeons should excel at general surgery. Importantly, Krause was inclined to adopt technology that he believed could be helpful in surgery. His 1908 text was the first neurosurgical text to contain a specific chapter on x-rays (“Radiographie”) that showed roentgenograms of neurosurgical procedures and pathology. After the revolutionary discovery of x-rays by Röntgen, many prominent neurosurgeons seemed pessimistic about the use of x-rays for anything more than trauma or fractures. Krause immediately seized on its use to guide and monitor ventricular drainage and especially for the diagnosis of tumors of the skull base. The x-ray images contained in Krause's “Radiographie” chapter provide a seminal view into the adoption of new technology and the development of neurosurgical technique and are part of neurosurgery's heritage.

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Ajisebutu, Andrew, Marc R. Del Bigio, Colin J. Kazina, Michael West, and Demitre Serletis. "Dr. Dwight Parkinson: a Canadian neurosurgical pioneer." Journal of Neurosurgery 133, no. 4 (October 2020): 1092–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2019.6.jns19262.

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In 1950, Dwight Parkinson was the first qualified neurosurgeon to arrive in Winnipeg, Manitoba. He played a monumental role in developing one of the earliest neurosurgical training programs in Western Canada. Parkinson was a pioneering neurosurgeon who served as the first president of the Canadian Neurosurgical Society in 1965. He was the epitome of the skull base neurosurgeon, which was not recognized as a distinct discipline at that time. He contributed to its development through detailed neuroanatomical study of the lateral sellar compartment (housing the parasellar venous plexus, a term he emphasized as more accurate than “cavernous sinus”). Parkinson also made seminal contributions to the management of cerebrovascular disease and offered new insights on cerebral concussion. Parkinson’s dedication to clinical excellence and education laid a cornerstone for the development of neurosurgery and the neurosciences in Manitoba, making him a key figure in Canadian neurosurgery. Using published materials, online resources, hospital archives, and personal interviews, the authors conducted a systematic review of Parkinson’s formative years, his development of the Section of Neurosurgery at the University of Manitoba, his achievements, and his legacy. This updated biography captures the exploits of this remarkable, and at times strictly disciplinarian, neurosurgeon-anatomist.

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Rosseau, Gail. "Global Neurosurgery Section Introduction—Neurosurgery's “Moon Shot”." Neurosurgery 91, no. 4 (October 2022): 527–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0000000000002133.

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Parajuli, Subigya, Purnima Gyawali, Prarthana Subedi, Om Prakash Bhatta, Rupesh Mukhia, Gopal Sedain, and Mohan Raj Sharma. "Neurosurgery as a Career Choice among Recent Medical Graduates from the Institute of Medicine, Nepal: A Cross-sectional Study." Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 19, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njn.v19i4.44702.

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Introduction: The career choice of a medical graduate is often a complex process with multiple factors playing a part. Neurosurgery in Nepal is gradually growing and there is a huge interest in the academia to draw more graduates into neurosurgery. There is a paucity of data regarding the career choice of medical graduates from Nepal. The aim of this study was to determine the potential barriers and facilitators for choosing a future career as a neurosurgeon. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on all recent medical graduates in the last two weeks of their internship in 2021 from three medical colleges in Kathmandu. Variables included demographic characteristics, preferred specialty, willingness to choose neurosurgery and reasons for it, and the reasons for not choosing neurosurgery if done so. Frequency and percentages were used to describe the categorical variables. Mean and median were used to describe continuous variables. A comparison between two categorical variables (factors for choosing Neurosurgery as a career and factors that encouraged not to choose Neurosurgery) was made. Results: Twenty-one out of 87 respondents preferred neurosurgery as their future career. The common motivating factors for choosing neurosurgery were innate interest in neurosurgery, motivation from seniors and mentors during clinical clerkship, and the glamour of the specialty. The main barriers were the perceived generally poor outcome of the neurosurgical patients, long hours of surgery, innate disinterestedness, long training and not having enough opportunities to get accredited training in the country. Conclusion: Around Twenty-four percentage of graduates preferred neurosurgery as a future career. When the barriers are addressed there will probably be more medical graduates inclined to join Neurosurgery which will help in solving the shortage of neurosurgical manpower in Nepal.

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Reid, RA. "P.099 The history of neurosurgery in Victoria, BC." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 44, S2 (June 2017): S39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2017.183.

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Background: Neurosurgery was first practiced in Victoria, BC in the 1950’s. It has grown from 1 neurosurgeon to 6 neurosurgeons today. Methods: Research into the beginning of Neurosurgery in Victoria demonstrates that it started with one surgeon and has grown significantly over the past 60 plus years. Results: Although Neurosugery started in Victoria with humble beginnings it has now developed into a sophisticated unit with 6 neurosurgeons with various subspeciality interests including complex and minimally invasive spine, cerebrovascular and neuro-oncology. Conclusions: The Neurosurgery division in Victoria has grown over the years from a single surgeon to 6 surgeons practicing a wide scope of neurosurgical procedures.

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Jumah, Fareed, Elizabeth E. Ginalis, Rachel E. Yan, Tania Atanassova, Vinayak Narayan, Gaurav Gupta, and Anil Nanda. "Tribute to Milton D. Heifetz (1921-2015): The Man Behind the Heifetz Aneurysm Clip." Neurosurgery 87, no. 5 (March 20, 2020): E584—E589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyaa035.

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Abstract Milton Dave Heifetz (1921-2013) was a pioneer American neurosurgeon who spent the majority of his career at Cedars-Sinai Hospital in California. Heifetz greatly influenced the field of neurosurgery as an innovator, leader, and academic neurosurgeon. His redesign of the aneurysm clip addressed the long-standing issue of a fatiguing spring. Heifetz's innovation allowed the spring to maintain adequate closing force despite repetitive opening and closing. This clip was recognized as one of the most effective aneurysm clips for approximately 15 yr. While he was best known for this eponymous aneurysm clip, Heifetz also developed other various microsurgical instruments and tools for stereotactic approaches. Beyond neurosurgery, he was an influential figure and well-published author in fields such as medical ethics, philosophy, astronomy, and poetry. In 1975, he published The Right to Die: A Neurosurgeon Speaks of Death With Candor, a book which played a major role in our modern-day advanced directives. Throughout his life, Heifetz was an inspirational individual who consistently worked towards solutions to surgical and ethical problems. We present a historical vignette on his life, career, and contributions to neurosurgery.

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Thapa, Amit. "Sub-specialty in neurosurgery: Time has come for Nepal." Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 18, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njn.v18i3.39183.

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With over 90 practicing neurosurgeons in the country, should we be developing sub-specialty in neurosurgery? The number of trained manpower has risen steadily, since neurosurgery was first practiced in Nepal in 1961.1Though we are halfway to the milestone of achieving a ratio of 1 neurosurgeon for every 1 lac population, the situation here is much better than in other Sub-Saharan African and south east Asian countries.2 All the seven states have now neurosurgeons working in its hospitals, though most are still concentrated in the capitals and major towns. Recently for the last five years, despite of lack of training opportunities for sub-specialty in the country, we have seen young neurosurgeons getting trained in skull base, spine, minimally invasive or endoscopic neurosurgery, functional neurosurgery, pediatric neurosurgery and vascular neurosurgery from abroad. There is a variation in nature and period of training, ranging from observership of a few weeks to fellowship of over a year. The interest seems to be getting stronger as the facilities and complexities of cases are increasing. In such scenarios, rather than few individuals we need units or teams offering these sub-specialized services from key centers and start supervised systematic training for the interested.

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Maiti, Tanmoy Kumar, Shyamal Chandra Bir, Papireddy Bollam, and Anil Nanda. "Alfred J Luessenhop and the dawn of a new superspecialty: endovascular neurosurgery." Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery 8, no. 2 (December 24, 2014): 216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2014-011532.

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Endovascular neurosurgery, or interventional neuroradiology, has developed rapidly over the last 50 years and has posed a challenge to the established mode of open surgery. Alfred J Luessenhop, an American neurosurgeon, is credited with the first embolization of a cranial arteriovenous malformation and the first intracranial arterial catheterization to occlude an aneurysm. This review describes the life and work of the surgeon who can be regarded as the father of endovascular neurosurgery.

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Enchev, Yavor, and Tihomir Eftimov. "Bulgarian military neurosurgery: from Warsaw Pact to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization." Neurosurgical Focus 28, no. 5 (May 2010): E15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2010.3.focus109.

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After 45 years as a closest ally of the Soviet Union in the Warsaw Pact, founded mainly against the US and the Western Europe countries, and 15 years of democratic changes, since 2004 Bulgaria has been a full member of NATO and an equal and trusted partner of its former enemies. The unprecedented transformation has affected all aspects of the Bulgarian society. As a function of the Bulgarian Armed Forces, Bulgarian military medicine and in particular Bulgarian military neurosurgery is indivisibly connected with their development. The history of Bulgarian military neurosurgery is the history of the transition from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics military system and military medicine to NATO standards in every aspect. The career of the military neurosurgeon in Bulgaria is in many ways similar to that of the civilian neurosurgeon, but there are also many peculiarities. The purpose of this study was to outline the background and the history of Bulgarian military neurosurgery as well as its future trends in the conditions of world globalization.

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Thum, Jasmine A. "Resiliency of a perpetual optimist: neurosurgeon Dr. Linda Liau." Neurosurgical Focus 50, no. 3 (March 2021): E18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2020.12.focus20954.

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It is not possible to capture all the depth that composes Dr. Linda Liau: chair of the Neurosurgery Department at the University of California, Los Angeles; second woman to chair a neurosurgery program in the United States; first woman to chair the American Board of Neurological Surgery; first woman president of the Western Neurosurgical Society; and one of only a handful of neurosurgeons elected to the National Academy of Medicine. Her childhood and family history alone could fascinate several chapters of her life’s biography. Nonetheless, this brief biography hopes to capture the challenges, triumphs, cultural norms, and spirit that have shaped Dr. Liau’s experience as a successful leader, scientist, and neurosurgeon. This is a rare story. It describes the rise of not only an immigrant within neurosurgery—not unlike other giants in the field, Drs. Robert Spetzler, Jacques Marcos, Ossama Al-Mefty, and a handful of other contemporaries—but also another type of minority in neurosurgery: a woman.

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Schulz, Chris, Stephan Waldeck, and Uwe Max Mauer. "Intraoperative Image Guidance in Neurosurgery: Development, Current Indications, and Future Trends." Radiology Research and Practice 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/197364.

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Introduction. As minimally invasive surgery becomes the standard of care in neurosurgery, it is imperative that surgeons become skilled in the use of image-guided techniques. The development of image-guided neurosurgery represents a substantial improvement in the microsurgical treatment of tumors, vascular malformations, and other intracranial lesions.Objective. There have been numerous advances in neurosurgery which have aided the neurosurgeon to achieve accurate removal of pathological tissue with minimal disruption of surrounding healthy neuronal matter including the development of microsurgical, endoscopic, and endovascular techniques. Neuronavigation systems and intraoperative imaging should improve success in cranial neurosurgery. Additional functional imaging modalities such as PET, SPECT, DTI (for fiber tracking), and fMRI can now be used in order to reduce neurological deficits resulting from surgery; however the positive long-term effect remains questionable for many indications.Method. PubMed database search using the search term “image guided neurosurgery.” More than 1400 articles were published during the last 25 years. The abstracts were scanned for prospective comparative trials.Results and Conclusion. 14 comparative trials are published. To date significant data amount show advantages in intraoperative accuracy influencing the perioperative morbidity and long-term outcome only for cerebral glioma surgery.

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Khalessi, Alexander A. "Stroke and the Neurosurgeon: Supplement to WORLD NEUROSURGERY." World Neurosurgery 76, no. 3-4 (September 2011): 248–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2011.06.054.

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Kumar, Sushil. "Neurosurgery in India: Perspective of a Veteran Neurosurgeon." Indian Journal of Neurosurgery 11, no. 03 (December 2022): 193–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1760341.

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Qureshi, Mahmood M., and Aamir W. Qureshi. "Neurosurgery in Sub-Saharan Africa - Historical Background and Development of Training Programs in East Africa." JOURNAL OF GLOBAL NEUROSURGERY 1, no. 1 (April 23, 2021): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.51437/jgns.v1i1.13.

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Modern Neurosurgery in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has its roots in the 1960s when Neurosurgeons from Europe set up Units in WestAfrica and East Africa. While it would be unfair to give credit to some individuals, and inadvertently not naming others, Prof AbdeslamEl Khamlichi (1) in his book, "Emerging Neurosurgery in Africa," quoting Professor AdelolaAdeloye (2), provided a valuable account:A French Neurosurgeon, Dr. Courson, set up the first neurosurgical unit in West Africa in Senegal in 1967. He was joined by two otherFrench neurosurgeons, Dr. Claude Cournil and Dr. Alliez, in 1972 and 1975. They trained the first Senegalese Neurosurgeon, Dr.Mamadou Gueye, who joined as a trainee in 1977. Dr. Gueye was to become the first Senegalese Professor and Chairman of theNeurosurgery Department.

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Shah, Abhidha. "Yoko Kato: the silent warrior of neurosurgery." Neurosurgical Focus 50, no. 3 (March 2021): E17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2020.12.focus20899.

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The presence of women in neurosurgery is slowly but surely gaining momentum as many aspiring young female medical residents are being enticed by this fascinating branch. History is rife with the struggles of pioneering women who entered the neurosurgical profession against all odds, formed a firm foothold, and built a legacy for generations to emulate. Prof. Yoko Kato has spent her entire lifetime in the service of neurosurgery and taking it to the remotest corners of the world. Her persistence and conviction have made her one of the most admired neurosurgeons in the world and the most loved neurosurgeon for those in the less privileged countries. She has inspired and trained an entire generation of neurosurgeons. Her contributions will always be a glorious chapter in the world book of neurosurgery.

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Robertson, Jon H. "Neurosurgery and industry." Journal of Neurosurgery 109, no. 6 (December 2008): 979–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2008.109.12.0979.

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The primary purpose of the relationship between neurosurgery and industry must be to improve patient care and advance medical knowledge. This relationship is desirable and can be mutually beneficial. Strict adherence to established ethical and legal guidelines is necessary to avoid financial conflicts of interest that may occur between neurosurgery and industry. The Code of Ethics established by the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) in 1986 emphasizes the physician's responsibility to always act in the best interest of his or her patients. The AANS Guidelines for Corporate Relations were developed in 2004 to address the concern of the potential growing influence of industry in the activities of our neurosurgical organization. Recognizing a need to clarify the proper relationships between neurosurgeons and industry, Guidelines on Neurosurgeon-Industry Conflicts of Interest were recently established. The AANS is committed to the highest ethical and legal standards in future relations with our industry partners. Members of the AANS are encouraged to adhere to the voluntary guidelines established by our organization.

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Brenna, Connor, Alborz Noorani, and Mojgan Hodaie. "Global Neurosurgery at the University of Toronto: Past and Present Efforts, and a Charter for the Future." JOURNAL OF GLOBAL NEUROSURGERY 1, no. 1 (April 23, 2021): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.51437/jgns.v1i1.9.

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Kenneth McKenzie arrived in Toronto in 1923, bringing with him the legacy of being the first neurosurgeon in Canada. Since then,Toronto has established itself as the hub of Canadian neurosurgery, in both volumes of cases, the strength of trainees, as well asresearch output (1). As one of the largest training programs in North America (2), Toronto has had ongoing international connections,chiefly through the fellowship programs within our division. However, to our recollection,the earliest instance in which Torontodemonstrated a concerted effort towards the formal work in global neurosurgery was through the persistent and continued efforts ofAb Guha (1957-2009), who amongst many philanthropic activities, establish the National Neuroscience Institute in Calcutta (India), hiscity of birth, as his goal. Since then, interest in global neurosurgery has remained strong within our division, with multiple continuedand consistent collaboration areas. These include Mark Bernstein’s travels within Africa and SouthEast Asia, expanding the reach ofawake craniotomies; James Rutka’s efforts to strengthen local surgeons throughout Ukraine; George Ibrahim’s collaborations in Haiti toexpand the surgical treatment of pediatric neurosurgical conditions; and MojganHodaie’s work on structured curricula for neurosurgeryresidents. Simultaneously, Toronto neurosurgery has focused on encouraging fellows from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC’s)to join our center, in many cases funded by the first Chair in International Neurosurgery (3).

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Cutillo, Alexandra, Kathrin Zimmerman, Susan Davies, Avi Madan-Swain, Wendy Landier, Anastasia Arynchyna, and Brandon G. Rocque. "Caregiver–provider communication after resection of pediatric brain tumors." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 26, no. 3 (September 2020): 295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2020.4.peds19696.

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OBJECTIVEBecause caregivers are a crucial part of a child’s medical care, it is important to understand how to best communicate with them during hospitalization. Qualitative research can elucidate the best strategies for effective parent–provider communication. This study aims to reveal communication styles of neurosurgery team members, and to identify areas for improvement in the future.METHODSCaregivers of children with a newly diagnosed brain tumor requiring neurosurgery were enrolled during their child’s hospitalization. During routine follow-up clinic visits within 3 months after diagnosis and tumor resection, caregivers participated in a semistructured interview, which assessed the quality of communication with the neurosurgery and oncology teams during hospitalization. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and coded for common themes until thematic saturation was reached.RESULTSDuring caregiver interviews (N = 22), several domains were discussed including communicating the diagnosis to the patient and siblings, to the rest of the family/support network, and with the neurosurgery team. Regarding parent–neurosurgeon communication, 82% of caregivers identified at least one positive aspect and 55% identified at least one negative aspect of communication. Caregivers who provided positive feedback appreciated that their neurosurgeon was thorough (73%), direct (27%), or compassionate (14%). They also valued when providers would speak “on my level” (18%) and would speak directly to the patient (27%). In terms of negative feedback, caregivers identified miscommunications (32%), discussing the diagnosis in front of the child before feeling prepared to do so (14%), and a lack of clarity about expectations, medications, or treatment (32%).CONCLUSIONSThese data provide specific ways in which neurosurgery providers have communicated effectively with caregivers and identify areas for improvement. Results have been used to develop a navigator-led intervention geared toward improving parent–provider communication during hospitalization for resection of a brain tumor.

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Fox, Benjamin D., Hassan H. Amhaz, Akash J. Patel, Daniel H. Fulkerson, Dima Suki, Andrew Jea, and Raymond E. Sawaya. "Neurosurgical rotations or clerkships in US medical schools." Journal of Neurosurgery 114, no. 1 (January 2011): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2010.5.jns10245.

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Object Medical student exposure to neurosurgery is limited. To improve the educational interactions between neurosurgeons and medical students as well as neurosurgical medical student rotations or clerkships (NSCs) we must first understand the current status. Methods Two questionnaires were sent, one to every neurosurgery course coordinator or director at each US neurosurgery residency program (99 questionnaires) and one to the associated parent medical school dean's office (91 questionnaires), to assess the current status of NSCs and the involvement of neurosurgeons at their respective institutions. Results We received responses from 86 (87%) of 99 neurosurgery course coordinators or directors and 64 (70%) of 91 medical school deans' offices. Most NSCs do not have didactic lectures (53 [62%] of 86 NSCs), provide their medical students with a syllabus or educational handouts (53 [62%] of 86), or have a recommended/required textbook (77 [90%] of 86). The most common method of evaluating students in NSCs is a subjective performance evaluation. Of 64 medical school deans, 38 (59%) felt that neurosurgery should not be a required rotation. Neurosurgical rotations or clerkships are primarily offered to students in their 4th year of medical school, which may be too late for appropriate timing of residency applications. Only 21 (33%) of 64 NSCs offer neurosurgery rotations to 3rd-year students. Conclusions There is significant room for improvement in the neurosurgeon-to–medical student interactions in both the NSCs and during the didactic years of medical school.

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Menger, Richard P., Bharat Guthikonda, Christopher M. Storey, Anil Nanda, Matthew McGirt, and Anthony Asher. "Neurosurgery value and quality in the context of the Affordable Care Act: a policy perspective." Neurosurgical Focus 39, no. 6 (December 2015): E5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2015.9.focus15376.

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Neurosurgeons provide direct individualized care to patients. However, the majority of regulations affecting the relative value of patient-related care are drafted by policy experts whose focus is typically system- and population-based. A central, prospectively gathered, national outcomes-related database serves as neurosurgery’s best opportunity to bring patient-centered outcomes to the policy arena. In this study the authors analyze the impact of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on the determination of quality and value in neurosurgery care through the scope, language, and terminology of policy experts. The methods by which the ACA came into law and the subsequent quality implications this legislation has for neurosurgery will be discussed. The necessity of neurosurgical patient-oriented clinical registries will be discussed in the context of imminent and dramatic reforms related to medical cost containment. In the policy debate moving forward, the strength of neurosurgery’s argument will rest on data, unity, and proactiveness. The National Neurosurgery Quality and Outcomes Database (N2QOD) allows neurosurgeons to generate objective data on specialty-specific value and quality determinations; it allows neurosurgeons to bring the patient-physician interaction to the policy debate.

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Max Findlay, J. "William M. Lougheed and the Development of Vascular Neurosurgery at the Toronto General Hospital." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 20, no. 4 (November 1993): 337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100048289.

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ABSTRACT:Dr. Bill Lougheed was able to navigate residents through even the most complex neurosurgical procedures with complete and often heroic patience, always ensuring for the patient his usual expert technical result but still leaving intact the resident’s sense of pride and achievement, the feeling that he, the resident, “had done it”. A gifted technical surgeon, a thoughtful and inventive neurosurgeon, Dr. Lougheed was above all else one of Canada’s great teachers of operative neurosurgery. Canada’s pioneer microneurosurgeon, Dr. Lougheed brought the Toronto General Hospital to the very forefront of the emerging field of vascular neurosurgery.

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Grant, Gerald A. "Neurosurgery." Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 62, Supplement (June 2007): S100—S101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ta.0b013e318065b42c.

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36

&NA;. "NEUROSURGERY." Southern Medical Journal 80, Supplement (September 1987): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007611-198709001-00011.

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&NA;. "Neurosurgery." Southern Medical Journal 87, Supplement (September 1994): S58—S63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007611-199408792-00014.

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38

Ahmed, Mohammed N., Elizabeth E. Obialo, and Ronald Rankin. "Neurosurgery." Southern Medical Journal 90, Supplement (October 1997): S65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007611-199710001-00124.

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Flowers, W. Mel, and Bharti R. Patel. "Neurosurgery." Southern Medical Journal 90, Supplement (October 1997): S65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007611-199710001-00125.

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Coric, Domagoj, Charles L. Branch, and James G. Lindley. "Neurosurgery." Southern Medical Journal 90, Supplement (October 1997): S65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007611-199710001-00126.

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41

Vise, W. Michael. "Neurosurgery." Southern Medical Journal 90, Supplement (October 1997): S66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007611-199710001-00127.

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Vise, W. Michael. "Neurosurgery." Southern Medical Journal 90, Supplement (October 1997): S66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007611-199710001-00128.

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43

Thomas, David B., and Joseph Geradts. "Neurosurgery." Southern Medical Journal 90, Supplement (October 1997): S67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007611-199710001-00129.

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Weidmann, Michael J. "Neurosurgery." Medical Journal of Australia 161, no. 6 (September 1994): 392–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1994.tb127495.x.

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&NA;. "NEUROSURGERY." American Journal of Nursing 98, no. 12 (December 1998): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000446-199812000-00004.

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Hoffman, Harold J. "Neurosurgery." Current Opinion in Pediatrics 2, no. 3 (June 1990): 570–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008480-199006000-00025.

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Till, K. "Neurosurgery." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 48, no. 9 (September 1, 1985): 958. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.48.9.958-a.

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&NA;. "NEUROSURGERY." Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology 14, no. 3 (July 2002): 255–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008506-200207000-00018.

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Harbaugh, Robert. "Neurosurgery." Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 1, no. 1 (February 1989): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/jnp.1.1.72.

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Harbaugh, Robert E. "Neurosurgery." Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 1, no. 2 (May 1989): 204–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/jnp.1.2.204.

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