Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Neurosciences cognitives – Chez l'enfant'
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Mattar, Mirna. "Lecture chez l'enfant libanais avec déficience auditive: compréhension, traitement du mot et rôle de la lecture labiale." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/318788.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences psychologiques et de l'éducation
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Théveniau, Nicolas. "Etude et analyse de la période d'acquisition de la marche chez l'enfant. Apports des neurosciences cognitives et comportementales. Etude des interactions enfant-tenue vestimentaire." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENS033/document.
Full textThe walking acquisition in toddlers involves different complex processes organized into a progressive but non linear way. The child requires several steps to acquire a postural balance, then the propulsion, and the anticipative muscle activation. To understand the gait development of a toddler is fascinating but a very complex work. Indeed, the most of current studies don’t take into account the effects of wearing diapers or clothes on the learning in bipedal locomotion. Regarding step width, which is relatively substantial for the beginner walker, we could wonder it's a strategy in order to improve the supports surface to best control the balance or on the other hand, does wearing diapers cause discomfort in crotch area children, and therefore bring out that postural strategy?Moreover, concerning the gait acquisition, it is known that the child needs well-fitting shoes to avoid any future postural or locomotive pathology. The same approach can be used for clothes. But, we can easily observe that currently most of children clothes are just a copy of adult models in miniature. These clothes don’t consider the morphological, postural and motor features of the beginner walker.The study introduced in this thesis manuscript will not only evaluate the importance of clothing on children walking but also propose possible solution and improvement for the conception of children clothes.Results are related to three studies all regarding children with less than 36 month of walking experience. First study is an analysis of the effect of wearing diaper or trousers on the children walking using spatiotemporal parameters. It has shown a greater influence from trousers than diapers. It has opened the second study. After how many months of experience the effect got the greater influence? Results show influence of trousers starting 3 month of walking but above all from 6 to 18 months. Finally, a prototype of trousers conceived in regards of children characteristics and walking acquisition has been used for around twenty children. Goal of this third study was to evaluate and to understand the importance of clothing on muscular activities of the lower limb. Utilization of the prototype has been conclusive. The muscular co-contractions which highlight the lack of experience in walking are less present when children use the prototype. Discomfort is reduced and walking with the prototype is close to the one performed with underwear
Veyrie, Marina. "Cartographie et prédiction des fonctions motrices et cognitives après résection d'une tumeur cérébelleuse au cours du développement." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10257.
Full textCerebellar tumors are common in children, and the deficits encountered at diagnosis or after treatment are heterogeneous. The anatomical and functional bases of cerebellar functions are being increasingly studied, offering new insights into the cerebellum’s involvement in the developing motor and cognitive functions in humans. However, these studies, employing various techniques (neuroimaging, direct electrical stimulation), failed to reach a consensus regarding the involvement of different cerebellum regions in these functions. Whereas a few studies supported the dissociation between anterior and posterior cerebellum, involved in motor and cognition respectively, others supported the idea that a strict (anterior/posterior) dichotomy was not so clear (e.g. motor activity associated with both anterior and posterior cerebellum). The studies carried out in this thesis were based on anatomical data obtained by magnetic resonance imaging, clinical data (histological type of tumor, type of treatment, lesion volume), and neuropsychological data (motor and cognitive tests) from children who underwent cerebellum tumor resection. The aim was, for study 1; to investigate the cerebellum's correlates between cerebellar tumor lesions and motor and cognitive abilities and, for study 2; to understand how a child's cognitive performance at the time of diagnosis may influence post-treatment performance in these children. For the first study, we used voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) of the cerebellum to assess the causal relationships between tumor lesion location and post-operative motor and cognitive performance. To this end, we performed lesion tracing on preoperative MRI scans of 45 patients with cerebellar lesions, and postoperative neuropsychological tests to measure motricity (manual dexterity, ataxia) and cognition (general intelligence efficiency) at 4 years post-surgery. The results showed greater motor and cognitive deficits in children with lesions of the posterior cerebellum (such as lobules VIIIa and IX for motricity; VIIIa and VIIIb for cognition). This suggests that the entire cerebellum is involved in motor and cognitive functions. The second, longitudinal, study highlights the evolution of motor and cognitive abilities or deficits over time. Children with cerebellar tumor lesions were evaluated at the time of diagnosis (n=15) and 6 months (n=9) and 18 months (n=5) after surgical and/or drug treatment, using neuropsychological tests (motor skills, intelligence, executive functions and quality of life). According to the cognitive reserve hypothesis (the brain's ability to use its resources to compensate and maintain its functions), we wanted to test whether cognition before surgery could predict post-surgery deficits. The results showed that children with higher preoperative intelligence performed better postoperatively, and that this effect was mediated by age. Taken together, these studies allowed to test the hypotheses that the anterior and posterior part of the cerebellum are both involved in motor and cognitive functions, but also that the pre-surgery cognition is predictive of post-operative recovery. These results are not only important at the fundamental level but are also essential for improving the care of these children, particularly through early intervention with precise and targeted rehabilitation protocols
Tiadi, Bi Kuyami Guy-Aimé. "Mouvements oculaires chez l'enfant dyslexique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS588/document.
Full textABSTRACTDevelopmental dyslexia is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects written language learning of about 10% of school-age children. During the last years, several studies have shown the presence of oculomotor abnormalities in dyslexia. However, several questions about the oculomotor performance of dyslexic children are still unanswered.We conducted three studies to examine eye movements of dyslexic children with respect to non-dyslexic age-matched children. In the first of our study, we investigated vertical saccades performance in dyslexic children. The results showed that, dyslexic children had longer latencies, poor precision and slow saccadic speed with up / down asymmetry. Studies 2 and 3 respectively allowed us to enlarge the investigation of visual fixation as well as visual-auditory phonological capabilities in dyslexic children. We reported a low quality of visual fixation and visual-auditory phonological recognition in children with dyslexia compared with the non-dyslexic children.Taken together, all these findings suggested, in dyslexic children, an immaturity of the magnocellular visual system, as well as of the cortico-subcortical structures responsible for oculomotor performances. Attentional capabilities, that are poor in dyslexic children, would be also explained their oculomotor deficiencies reported. Thus, we proposed oculomotor rehabilitation that could be able to improve reading skills in dyslexia.Key words: Eye movements, saccades, fixations, visual system, visual cortex, cortical and sub-cortical structures, attention, developmental dyslexia
Croteau, Pascale. "Le fonctionnement cognitif des enfants atteints de déficience motrice cérébrale hémiplégique, âgés de 5 à 8 ans." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/43312.
Full textGil, Sandrine. "Perception du temps et émotions : étude de l'influence des expressions faciales émotionnelles chez l'enfant et l'adulte." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CLF20013.
Full textSanscartier, Annie. "Fonctionnement attentionnel et exécutif des enfants qui présentent un trouble déficitaire de l'attention/hyperactivité." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27654/27654.pdf.
Full textDescarpentries-Billon, Jacqueline. "Environnement éducatif familial : sommeil et activités cognitives de l'enfant." Lille 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL30022.
Full textThe works presents a research being a matter for the vygostkian modelization of cognitive activities ans concerning epigenetic conception of a relation between family surrounding and child sleep. It sets the problem of mediation between parents and children through parental educative pratices that is of educative behaviours of parents towards their children. It induces to etablish interrelations between cognitive development and their fonctional basis in nervous system. We operationalized our study by factorial analysis and lisrel model. Our research shown the existence of a connection between care variations and sleep physiologic duration and family surrounding. One the one hand, the regular ways of life; lithe but directed by activity contexts education pratices, representations of child regular rhythm of life by parents would tend to equal of superior sleep durations to physioloig sleep durations. On the other hand, the most fluctuating children from their care ability point of view would be those who came under a great
Liégeois, Frédérique. "Coordinations interhémisphériques et développement des capacités cognitives chez le jeune enfant." Aix-Marseille 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX11068.
Full textRousseau-Salvador, Céline. "Céphalées chroniques quotidiennes chez l'enfant : performances intellectuelles, comorbidités anxieuse et dépressive." Phd thesis, Université Charles de Gaulle - Lille III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00862221.
Full textRobin, Frédérique. "Stratégies cognitives dans la description des configurations spatiales." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05H070.
Full textSeveral research have shown that speakers use dominant strategies to describe spatial networks. The first aim of the present study was to examine to what extent the structure of an object places constraints on the order in which its parts are entered into a description. The aim of the second part of the experiment was to evidence similarities between the strategies used to describe objects and those used to describe visual images of objects. Subjects (adults) were first involved ina perceptual condition, where they had to describe visually presented networks, and then in the imaginal condition (two weeks later). The results reveal that the structure of descriptions are similar for perceptual and imagined networks. In both conditions, increasing the complexity of networks resulted in increase latencies. Nevertheless, latencies differ as a function of individual differences in imagery abilities. The use of dominant strategies to describe spatial networks have only been evidenced in adult production. A second study was designed to explore the development of cognitive processes involved in the description of spatial networks by children aged 6 to 10. The findings evidence that the dominant strategies which characterize adult production do not develop in consistent way. The strategies used by children aged 8 to 10 to describe mental images are similar to those used to describe perceptual networks
Besle, Julien Giard-Steiner Marie-Hélène. "Interactions audiovisuelles dans le cortex auditif chez l'homme approches électrophysiologique et comportementale /." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2007/besle_j.
Full textHuguet, Pascal. "Catégorisations, insertions sociales et performances cognitives : approche expérimentale." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992CLF20035.
Full textA review of the main dealing with "social facilitation" (zajonc 1965) and "social loafing" (latane, williams & harkins, 1979) reveal that explanatory systems supposed to give one an account of the influence of others' presence on individual performances are based on an "extrinsic conception" of the relationships existing between social dimension and human function. This conception, which attributes to the social dimension an, therefore, to the others' presence, the status of an external source of variation, is examined, this has to be referred to recent studies (monteil, 1988,1991) which attest that previous social insertions, and, son individual social histoiry, play an important part in the cognitive management of current social conditions of learning. Theses studies, which allow us to envision a participation of the social dimension to the elaboration of cognitive machanisms and processes, also invite us to explore what could be the effects of experimental mobilization of categorizations and social merberships on individual cognitive performances. The findings of our 4 studies confirmed our expectations. They lead one to take into account the subject's categorizations and memberships as well as their condition of activation or mobilization in order to show the influence exerted by others over individual performances. As prevously displayed by montell, our results resist to expanatory systems used in the framework of facilitation and social loefing. Finally, these results permit us to consider individual cognitive productions as being partly ruled by activation or mobilization, in specific social insertions, of values or norms internalized by the subject during his history. Thus, this work emphasizes the legitimacy of a socio-cognitive orientation aiming at articulating social dynamics and cognitive dynamics
Billon, Magali. "Contrôle temporel dans la production de séquences de mouvements périodiques : étude comportementale chez l'homme." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX11016.
Full textMainguet, Brigitte. "Attention et environnement scolaire : l'acquisition des habiletés cognitives chez l'enfant à partir de l'étude des interactions entre les processus attentionnels et l'environnement scolaire." Lille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL30076.
Full textDuring development, the child modifies his cognitive and motor organization by its intentional and functional activities (explorator behavior) in a linear fashion-nonlinearity, a method of self-organization and method of stability-instability. These principles can disrupt the child's behavior and cognitive and cognitive function in school learning. We are particularly interested in classroom attention (sustained and selective), necessary to mobilize in order to learn at school. How does he adapt to the situationnal context ? How he integrates and does different information collected in this environment to maximize its attention ? How and what strategies can be used to control his attention ? To seek attention and selective attention effective, it is neccessary to have learning conditions with stable and adequate space for actions promoted, concrete, to discover and use the intrinsic properties of the task. What we will develop guidelines with assistance through tasks in mathematics and French from CP to CM2. . . We try to understand, after measuring sustained attention and attention selective how these attentions are mobilized and particulary depending on the school and family environment and development. We try to understand if they are functional to support the child in school learning
Stirn, Senja. "Le diagnostic "neurodynamique" : pour une méthodologie d'évaluation cognitive et psychodynamique intégrative des dysfonctionnements cognitifs chez l'adulte." Paris 8, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA084118.
Full textThe current research has for objective to question which would be the minimum conditions that could provide a reliable neuropsychological diagnosis as the basis for optimal treatment, in particular in the case of neurodegenerative cerebral disorders and diseases. In that sense, it questions its theoretical and practical framework supporting the assessment model we propose. The specificity of our methodology lays in the integration of different theoretical and methodological frameworks originating as well from cognitive as psychodynamical (or psychoanalytical) psychology. For that purpose, the theoretical part compiles a current knowledge on cognitive and of the psychodynamic psychology. It is an essay of theorising of our specific approach, extending what Lagache called the clinical psychology. The research establishes then the basis of a methodology that we call « neurodynamic » which is as quantitative and scientifically rigorous as it is qualitative. It could be the starting point for the standardization of specific cognitive tests. As a basic premise, we consider that the neuropsychological diagnosis which would not integrate those two theoretical and methodological frameworks into one, leading to a « neuro-dynamic » and « transitional » diagnosis, doesn’t acquire the minimum conditions of its reliability. We also asserted that the diagnosis must be « dynamical » in the sense of the impact of conscious and unconscious psychical processes. For those purposes, we have created a specific « neuro-dynamic » assessment model in a framework which considers the suffering subject in his global aspects (somatic, psychical and groupal) and in accordance with his cognitive and psychological rhythms (i. E. , the « neuro-dynamical » process). The test protocol is a specific set of tests that we called the « Initial Neuropsychological Evaluation ». If all those requirements which are modeled and theorized by our research are fulfilled, then we expect that an optimal and « sufficiently » correct diagnosis can be obtained, under the terms of what we call « neuro-dynamical diagnosis ». Using the quantitative and qualitative methods, we have verified our three principal hypotheses, with their under-hypothesis : - The « Initial Neuropsychological Evaluation » is an evaluation model that is sufficiently exhaustive and sufficiently complex in order to establish a reliable cognitive diagnosis. Main focus : verification of the reliability of the proposed evaluation model. - The reliability of the cognitive diagnosis is based on the choice of a scientifically rigorous methodology, the standardization of tests and the clinical expertise of the scientist-practitioner. Main focus : the adoption of a scientific methodology which is rigorous and multi-factorial. - The reliability of the diagnosis is based on the integration of the cognitive and the psychodynamic methodologies. Main focus : verification of the contribution of that methodology, named « neuro-dynamical ». From a meta-psychological perspective, we have tried to construct a fundamental model, simple but complex in the context of psychologist’s work which main focus is no more no less an appreciation of the psychic « functioning » only, be it cognitive or unconscious. The latter can be appreciated measured solely by the evaluation of the psychic « functions »
Lhermenier-Marinho, Isabelle. "Impact de l'utilisation de l'ordinateur sur les activités cognitives et l'adaptation chez l'enfant d’âge scolaire." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100005.
Full textAfter surveying literature about computer introducing at school, insisting on programming activities, we present our research, works about the use of logo language by ten to eleven - year - old children. In our first piece of research we study, the impact of logo using on some cognitive processes and school results. Pretest and posttest measures are carried out with a logo group and a control group. In our second piece of research, we study the strategies adopted by children using logo language according to a cognitive style, to field dependence and field independence, and according to sex. Several problems are proposed to display the children's mastery and understanding of structures. Logo language proves to be a rich, heterogeneous and complex learning device, which ennobles every one to progress and acquire knowledge our hypothesis about the transfer of stills learned in computer programming seems to be justified. Educational computer programming is useful because it promotes experimental vu of learning in which the construction process is more important than the results you get, in which profile are significant for the learner and for the observer
Bolmont, Benoît. "De la relation entre personnalité, thymie et action : une étude expérimentale chez des sujets en situation d'hypoxie chronique." Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN10159.
Full textWe investigated the relationships between "Emotion" and "Action" in eight subjects exposed to chronic hypoxia for 31 days during a simulated climb from sea-level to 8848m ("EverestComex 97" experiment). Personality traits and mood states, including anxiety, were correlated with the subjects' cognitive and psychosensorimotor performances. Correlational data between maods states and perfonnance suggest that adverse changes in mood states could alter the subjects' performances. In contrast, anxiety (trait and slale) could produce adaptive mechanisms and favour the processes required for stimulus-response tasks, but not complex tasks, which require strategie processes. This could reflect, from a philosophical point of view, the major raIe of anxiety, which could have been"'vital" for the survival of the human specy. Elsewhere, our results further suggest that anxiety and moods could be arranged in a single holistic concept
Mouchetant-Rostaing, Yolande. "Bases neurophysiologiques des processus impliqués dans le traitement visuel des stimuli à forte connotation psychosociale chez l'homme (visage et mots)." Lyon 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2001/mouchetant-rostaing_y.
Full textReading, even a simple word, or discriminating a face among thousands of exemplars are ordinary activities in human life. Although these activities can be performed accurately, effortlessly and very rapidly, they are of primary importance in psychosocial interactions between humans, and are subtended by complex cognitive processes. These processes have been largely studied within different domains of cognitive sciences. Superiority effects have been specially described, in cognitive psychology, for these two stimulus classes. Cognitive neuropsychology research have reported cases of patients with focal brain damage who had a selectively impaired ability to read words (dyslexia) or to recognise familiar faces (prosopagnosia). Functional neuroimaging studies have isolated several anatomical regions specifically involved in visual processing of word and in face recognition. Although the hypothesis of specificity vs expertise is hotly debated, it cannot be denied that visual analysis of words and faces requires strategies of highly sophisticated and extremely fast cognitive processing. The aim of the present research was to provide electrophysiological evidence for the multiple cognitive operations involved in word and face processing, and to examine the temporal dynamics of the underlying brain activities. Because of their high temporal resolution, scalp event-related potentials were used to dissociate the brain processes involved in word reading at several (visual/orthographic, phonological/phonetic, phonological/lexical, and semantic) levels of analysis, and those involved in perceptual analysis of faces (structural encoding of facial features, age and gender perception)
Mouchetant-Rostaing, Yolande Pernier Jacques. "Bases neurophysiologiques des processus impliqués dans le traitement visuel des stimuli à forte connotation psychosociale chez l'homme (visage et mots)." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2001/mouchetant-rostaing_y.
Full textPrat-Carrabin, Arthur. "Modèles bayésiens d'inférence séquentielle chez l'humain." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEE070.
Full textIn past decades, the Bayesian paradigm has gained traction as an elegant and mathematically principled account of human behavior in inference tasks. Yet this success is tainted by the sub-optimality, variability, and systematic biases in human behavior. Besides, the brain must sequentially update its belief as new information is received, in natural environments that, usually, change over time and present a temporal structure. We investigate, with a task, the question of human online inference. Our data show that humans can make use of subtle aspects of temporal statistics in online inference; and that the magnitude of the variability found in responses itself depends on the inference. We investigate how a broad family of models, capturing deviations from optimality based on cognitive limitations, can account for human behavior. The variability in responses is reproduced by models approximating the posterior through random sampling during inference, and by models that select responses by sampling the posterior instead of maximizing it. Model fitting supports the former scenario and suggests that the brain approximates the Bayesian posterior using a small number of random samples. In a last part of our work, we turn to "sequential effects", biases in which human subjects form erroneous expectations about a random signal. We assume that subjects are inferring the statistics of the signal, but this inference is hindered by a cognitive cost, leading to non-trivial behaviors. Taken together, our results demonstrate, in the ecological case of online inference, how deviations from the Bayesian model, based on cognitive limitations, can account for sub-optimality, variability, and biases in human behavior
Bonnotte, Isabelle. "L'emploi des flexions verbales : des représentations cognitives au marquage en surface : étude comparative chez l'enfant et l'adulte." Dijon, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989DIJOL003.
Full textA review of the literature shows that the selection of the past verbal inflexions seems to depend on the age, on the contexts and the processes described by the verbs. However, the problem remains to know the evolution of the paradigm and of the verbal functions as well as the relative weights of each of the listed factors. An initial longitudinal research (children from 6 to 11 years-old) analyses the uses of the verbal inflexions in sentences according to adverbs of time and verbs relevant to different a-priori linguistic categories. The results raise the problem of the possible learning of cognitive representations of the processes. A second cross-sectionnal research studies the evolution of the functions of verbal inflexions according to the linguistic contexts (sentences vs narratives) and the cognitive representations of the processes described by the verbs, apprehended by graphic descriptions. A third research tackles the problem of the learning
Deforge, Hélène Flieller André. "Conséquences cognitives de la prématurité à l'âge scolaire étude comparative des fonctions inhibitrices chez des enfants nés à terme et prématurés /." Nancy : Université Nancy 2, 2005. http://cyberdoc.univ-nancy2.fr/htdocs/docs_ouvert/doc248/2005NAN21022.pdf.
Full textCorbin-Berrigan, Laurie-Ann. "Division de l'attention et traversée d'obstacle fixe chez une population d'enfants nés prématurément, en âge scolaire : implications cognitives et motrices." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29466/29466.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this study was to evaluate cognitive and motor performances of preterm children (24-36 weeks of gestation) aged 9 years (N=9; mean age: 9.41(0.65) years) and to compare them to full term born children’s (N=7; mean age: 9.39(0.62) years) performances. The protocol used, obstacle negotiation while dual tasking, was ecological in nature and represented motor and cognitive challenges that school-aged children face while performing recreational and sporting activities. Three dimentional movement analysis were done in order to quantify cognitive and motor performances. Participants walked under four conditions: unobstructed walking, obstructed walking, walking with Animal-Stroop task, and obstructed walking with Animal-Stroop task. Results demonstrate that the differences in performance between groups increases as the tasks become harder. These results confirm that premature children when facing a complex environment involving both cognitive and motor tasks will show decrements/adjustments in both tasks. This population is able to perform complex tasks but needs to reallocate their attention to focus on the motor requirements of the task in order to succeed.
Deforge, Hélène. "Conséquences cognitives de la prématurité à l'âge scolaire : étude comparative des fonctions inhibitrices chez des enfants nés à terme et prématurés." Nancy 2, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/NANCY2/doc248/2005NAN21022.pdf.
Full textResearch on the longer term outcomes for preterm infants has progressively come to defend the hypothesis of a dysfunction of inhibition. However, the unity or diversity of inhibitory functions is a debatable point. Three case-control studies are reported here. One primary goal of these studies was to specify the longer term outcomes for preterm children. One second main goal was to examine the organization and roles of the three inhibitory functions (Hasher & al. , 1999). Birth status is correlated with cognitive performance in the K-ABC. Preterm and very preterm children score significantly lower than full term children on many tests sensitive to inhibitory processes. The results from the confirmatory factor analysis indicate that the three target functions are distinguishable, but not completely independent. Preterm children have difficulties with the updating of working memory contents, at school age. The three inhibitory functions seem to be disrupted with very preterm children
Conty, Laurence. "De la perception de la direction du regard à la perception du contact visuel : études comportementales et électrophysiologiques chez l'Homme." Paris 8, 2008. http://octaviana.fr/document/140534822#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textIntuitively, eye contact is seen as an essential cue during social interactions. The empirical examination of gaze behaviour in human beings suggests that eye contact is a key of the development of social representations. This PhD thesis aims at determining whether direct gaze (that establishes eye contact with the subject) triggers particular perceptive processes and can be conceptualized as a natural category of social stimulus in human adult perception. This issue is tackled from the perspectives of cognitive neuroscience and social psychology. Within this framework, a category of social stimuli refers to three criteria: i) the perception of these stimuli must induce particular cognitive processes; ii) it must be associated to some specific cerebral markers; iii) it must induce automatic behavioural responses. The studies presented explore these three criteria successively, with behavioural and electrophysiological experiments. Overall, all the studies confirm the existence of processing asymmetries during the perception of direct versus averted gaze. These asymmetries result in prioritizing gaze contact processing in the competition for cognitive resources. Finally, our results concords with a model of the development of social abilities which postulates the existence of a cognitive module specialized in mutual attention, and they confirm that among all gaze directions, gaze contact constitute a special stimulus category
Tahej, Pierre-karim. "Interaction entre les différents niveaux du contrôle de l'action : influences cognitives et situationnelles chez l'adulte et l'enfant de 5 ans." Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100059.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to study the interactions between the sensory-motor and cognitive control systems of action (Paillard, 1992). Distortions of visual information in pointing tasks are used to reveal the structure of visuo-motor conversion and the systems of planning-control model (Glover, 2004). This paradigm allows to analyze how environmental and cognitive constraints alter interactions between the two levels of control, and to separate the spatial and dynamic dimensions introduced by Glover's model (Boy et al., 2005). Our first objective was to study the adaptation of this model when experimental conditions were changed. Studies 1, 2 and 3, adults achieved pointing movements in conditions of 0 ° to 180 ° rotations, with (I) or without vision (II), or with vision and attentional instructions (III). These studies show that (1) a bidirectional structure of conversion is always used, (2) the dissociation of performance dimensions is observed in the absence of vision and disappears when rotations increased, indicating a cognitive control of movements (3) the visual conditions have a greater influence on the control of action than attentional instructions. Our second objective was to study the interaction between the development of cognitive representations (Study 4) and the control of action at 5 years of age (studies 5 and 6, respectively replicating studies 1 and 2). These studies do not distinguish dimensions of performance. In addition, the study 6 shows that sensory-motor level configure the cognitive level. This thesis thus highlights that the plasticity of control system in adults depends on situation and suggests that the motor functions allow the development of spatial representations in childhood
Démonet, Jean-François. "Déterminants cérébraux des fonctions de compréhension du langage oral étudiés chez le sujet normal par la tomographie d'émission." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30121.
Full textCressant, Arnaud. "Etude des déterminants spatiaux de l'activité des cellules de lieu de l'hippocampe chez le rat." Aix-Marseille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX30037.
Full textVistoli, Damien. "Bases neurales du traitement du contexte sémantique et intentionnel chez le sujet sain et le patient schizophrène : étude en magnéto-encéphalographie." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010VERS0047.
Full textOur work consisted in deepening the study of the schizophrenic communication disorders’ explanatory model proposed by Hardy-Baylé and collaborators, by introducing magneto-encephalography to bring neurofunctional measures of the existence of a cognitive abnormality concerning the integration of an information into its context in both linguistic and theory of mind domains. In a semantic priming task, abnormal modulation of a left fronto-temporal network has been observed in patients. Then we showed, in healthy subjects, that right temporo-parietal regions recruited during an attribution of intention task, underlied a cognitive contextual integration stage. Functional abnormalities in these regions have been noticed in patients. Our results are in favor of the existence of a contextual integration deficit affecting schizophrenic patients in the linguistic and theory of mind domains
Galy, Edith. "Fluctuations circadiennes des performances de mémorisation et de discrimination chez des travailleurs postés : rôle de la modalité perceptive et du niveau de vigilance." Toulouse 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU20055.
Full textThis work focuses on circadian variations of cognitive efficiency as a function of shift-workers (3X8) level of alertness. A first series of experimants shows that short-term memorisation of verbal items varies according to the modality of presentation, the number of words and the retention test. Circadian variations of performance suggest differences in subjects' treatment capacity as a function of alrtness. When retention performance is explored according to depth of processing at encoding, variations of processing startegies are observed across the 24-hr day. Both hypotheses proposed -qualitative vs. Quantitative changes - of cognitive efficiency according to alertness level are discussed. Elsewhere, the auditory superiority systematically observed in the first series of experiments, strongly favour the use of this presentation modality when urgent informations has to be treated, and this in particular at night
Mazzola, Laure. "ROLE DU CORTEX OPERCULO-INSULAIRE DANS LA SOMESTHESIE ET LA DOULEUR CHEZ L'HOMME." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00793586.
Full textTsoukala, Kyriaki. "Ville, enfant et représentation de l'espace." Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHES0094.
Full textDascalu, Camelia Mihaela. "La référence à soi chez les enfants atteints d'autisme. Perspectives sémantiques, pragmatiques et cognitives." Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030167/document.
Full textThis research focuses on self-reference in the speech of autistic children. Throughout this work, two main objectives were developed. The first was to show that self-reference depends on the cognition of the person. Consequently, the autistic person will manifest a different cognition over the long term, expressed qualitatively in terms of speech. The second objective was to integrate self-reference in its typical and autistic use into a semantic, pragmatic and cognitive theory.For the first objective, I based my analysis on three French corpora: a longitudinal corpus of a neurotypical child and two corpora of two children with autism. The analysis of the corpora showed that the three children construct their self-reference similarly, they build on their communicative intentions and the input. However, the two autistic children’s mental model of self-reference is determined by cognitive mechanisms that function differently for them. This results in self-reference expression characterized by the long-term use of non-standard forms, in parallel with the standard first person forms.For the second objective, I compared two contemporary theories of reference: the direct reference theory (David Kaplan) and the neo-Fregean theory (Gareth Evans) which are known as two philosophies of reference (in relation to the speaker). Evans’ mentalist position can make sense of what happens at the mental level when one refers to oneself: in all cases, reference to oneself is actually achieved through a specific and epistemic presentation
Cartier-Chatron, Ingrid. "Vie quotidienne des enfants atteints de TDA/H : l'impact des pertubations cognitives et comportementales." Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21246.
Full textAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is well known for its cognitive and behavioural heterogeneity. Previous investigations have most often attempted to better understand the different clinical manifestations present in these patients as well as their global functioning in diverse domains, but few researchers have examined the expression of this syndrome in daily life. Using clinical assessments, cognitive tests and ambulatory data collection, 40 children with ADHD were compared with 40 normal controls. The results demonstrate differences in executive functioning between clinical and control groups, but not between the two different subtypes of ADHD. Concerning daily life variables, emotional experience appeared to differ by contexts and by cognitive or clinical symptoms, however these differences were not consistent with a more general problem in emotional reactivity. In this way, therapeutic interventions should address executive deficits and behavioral symptoms and do not appear to require a particular focus on emotional regulation
Cartier, Chloé. "Etude de l'impact de l'exposition prénatale aux insecticides organochlorés et organophosphorés sur le développement des fonctions cognitives et sensorielles d'enfants d'âge scolaire." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1B007/document.
Full textPrenatal organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides exposure and children cognitive and sensory function at school age
Pérez-Lachaud, Gabriela. "Comportement sexuel et activité reproductrice chez la parasitoi͏̈de Chryseida bennetti Burks (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae) : incidences de l'âge, de l'expérience sexuelle antérieure et des conditions d'élevage." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30173.
Full textKernaonet, Marc. "Styles cognitifs et itineraires de developpement chez l'adolescent en echec scolaire : du niveau operatoire en tant que manifestation d'une orientation des caracteristiques cognitives individuelles." Caen, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992CAEN1098.
Full textLatchoumanin, Michel. "Langue maternelle et apprentissage cognitif : apport d'une expérience d'induction de structures cognitives auprès des jeunes enfants réunionnais." Aix-Marseille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX10062.
Full textWithin a neo-structuralist approach of cognitive development, which attemps to organise a piagetian genetic psychology with an information processing theory, we tried to analyse the processes in young children from reunion island reared cognitive inferred from the induction referential reasoning within a diglossic context. The existence and the nature of the processes involved are inferred from verbal behaviours preceding and following actions in cognitive training situation. Gains are identified according to developmental steps and modes of representations which are genuine to the pre-operative period. The analysis of the results gives strong evidence of significant cognitive improvements when the Creole mother tongue is used with subjects not well acquainted with the official teaching language (French). The experiment shows that the children have acquired significant competences in cognitive situations far remote from those usually obtained in traditional school training in French, this at an earlier age and with better results than those obtained with children taught in the official language, or not taught at all. More over, these competences seem also to appear in context situations different from the training situations these results bear a significant statistical difference the two groups experimental (training in French and in Creole) and the control group (no training)
Forget, Daniel. "Le rôle du complexe-K évoqué et spontané dans le sommeil chez des personnes souffrant d'insomnie et chez des bons dormeurs." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27649/27649.pdf.
Full textRauchs, Géraldine. "Sommeil et consolidation mnésique chez le sujet sain et dans la maladie d'Alzheimer : neuropsychologie cognitive et imagerie cérébrale." Caen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CAEN1406.
Full textVolpe, Rosa. "Attention, métacognition et gestion des ressources cognitives en mémoire : vers une approche néopiagétienne de l'écrit." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR2026/document.
Full textThis dissertation studies writing under the metacognitive and metasubjective perspectives from Pascual-Leone’s Theory of Constructive Operators (1976, 1984, 1987, 1989, 1995, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2012, 2013) et d’Efklides (2001, 2002, 2006, 2008, 2011, 2013). Research on writing emphases the role working memory plays on the processes underlying it (cf. Alamargot & Chanquoy, 2001 for a review of the literature ; Olive, 2012), namely how the limited capacity of working memory affects children’s difficulties in writing. The notion of guided training (Pascual-Leone & Johnson, 2011) is here adopted suggesting the explicit implementation of metacognition, generally defined as thinking about thinking (Flavell, 1979), to manage mental attention resources while enhancing working memory performance, and as a consequence, written performance.This being said, the following questions apply: does training primary school children to develop metacognitive knowledge and abilities contribute to activate (inhibit) (non)pertinent knowledge while dispelling their feeling of difficult about writing?The experimental studies conducted within this research focus on the metaconsctructive system of the theory of constructive operators: the learning system, the attention system and the personal system. Results show that 3rd, 4th and 5th graders are able to develop new metacognitive knowledge about writing, furthermore, primary school children succeed in better handling the cognitive resources required by the task
Hennebel, Jean-Michel. "Le problème philosophique de la rééducation : le cas particulier de l'enfant cérébro-lésé, au croisement des savoirs : philosophie des sciences cognitives, phénoménologie et philosophie de l'éducation." Lille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL30083.
Full textRe-education practices are rarely pervaded with any philosophical thought, since those evry practices seem to hinder the development of suchan idea. Nevertheless, some elements may indicate thet more and more people are taking into account the need to implement such a reflexion within medical care so as to perceive re-education itself as a philosophical problem. The re-education of mentally impaired children implies mutually dependent areas of knowledge, namely : phenomenology, the philosophy of education, and the philosophy of cognitive sciences focusing on mental processes. Our work, which is based on this interdependence, consists in providing a conceptual framework thet we deem to be paramount for the support of our specific area of medical care. Mentally impaired children are involved in pathological events which definitely affect their lives. Those events tragically belong to a logical process involving trauma, cerebral plasticity, and resilience whose connections have to be scrutinized. Furthermore, the quality of the human relations involved in medical care relies on our recognition of the paradoxical value found in the strong desire for the children to maintain their autonomy. Finally, a philosophy of re-education cannot be complete without being linked to a philosophy of education
Demers, Marie-Eve. "Étude de la mémoire de travail chez les enfants de trois à sept ans et de ses liens potentiels avec la vitesse de traitement de l'information et les habiletés cognitives." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/44572.
Full textManin, Serge. "Psychopathologie et intégration scolaire : de l’évaluation des compétences cognitives à l’accompagnement thérapeutique." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20011/document.
Full textChild psychiatry is at present crossed by an important debate: whereas its project has generally been to support the work of subjectivation of the children entrusted in its care, today its approach is challenged by the return of classical medical models which experience a renewal of interest thanks to the research carried out into neuroscience and cognitive psychology. Inside this debate, the discussion essentially revolves around the conceptions that lie under the interpretation of the disorders, from a controversy that brings again into play the opposition psychogenesis / organogenesis, curability / incurability of the mental disorders in the children’s. Our approach falls within the scope of a system which is in charge of the support and care of children who are benefiting from integration into specialised classes of state education schools. These children show important personality and behavioural problems which are part of “psychotic disharmonies” or “evolution disharmonies” combined with backwardness. In this work, it is expected that the intellectual development retardation corresponds to apparently deficient pictures which are the products of cognitive constraints exercised by the psychopathological processes at work in these nosographic contexts. Bringing to the fore preserved cognitive abilities among these children, who in other respects show deficient profiles, would enable to specify the disharmonic component of the development disorders and shed new light on the nature of these disorders. Moreover observing cognitive profiles, more or less specific to each nosographic entity concerned, could reveal the links of continuity between the cognitive processes and psychic processes, and bring to light cognitive constraints which are characteristic of the underlying psychopathological processes. This approach would enables to back up our reflections upon the care project thanks to a thorough knowledge of the links between psychic processes and cognitive processes
Bertherat, Julien. "Etude en microscopie de fluorescence à deux photons in vivo de l'intégration multi vibrissale chez le rat." Phd thesis, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Paris - ENS Paris, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00789937.
Full textPouyat-Houée, Stéphanie. "Mémoire à court terme/Mémoire de travail chez l’enfant sourd profond muni d’un implant cochléaire : contribution à la compréhension des difficultés cognitives des enfants sourds." Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0046/document.
Full textThe aim of the thesis is to contribute to a better understanding of cognitive difficulties in deaf children with a cochlear implant (CI). Firstly, this thesis presents a comparative analysis of previous research work. Secondly, it presents an original study addressing short-term memory (STM)/working memory (WM) issues, in which the contribution of cued speech (CS) is assessed on memorization performances. To do so, a novel STM/WM task series was developed and used to investigate whether the use of verbal stimuli versus spatial stimuli differentially affects immediate memory processes and to examine whether the presentation of items in an enriched context has a benefit on the immediate memory capacity. The developed tasks were validated on normal-hearing (NH) children (6- and 8-year-old, N=42) and the capacities of CI deaf children(N=14) were compared to those of their NH peers matched for age, sex and reasoning ability. For both groups, the immediate recall proves to be better for visuo-spatial information. Also, CI deaf children appear as memorizing less verbal information. Surprisingly, CS, appears to be ineffective to improve the CI deaf children performances, especially in the verbal modality case; if the analysis of the order of recall of items does not reveal any specific difficulty, the length of the items lists is harmful in the verbal modality. The analysis of the recall errors confirms difficulties in linguistic knowledge. Individual performances of CI deaf children show diverse patterns
Limikou, Bikiela Alpin Dieu-donné. "Philosophie de la psychologie et psychanalyse chez Freud : enjeux épistémologiques contemporains." Thesis, Lille 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL30021/document.
Full textWhat where the main types of psychological knowladge used by Freud which contributed to the emergence of psychoanalytic movement? How did Freud use these main types of psychological knowladge in the context of original construction? In spite of the abundant literature concerning these questions which appaer simple, the answers aren't uncontroversial. This difficulty isn't recent, Freud has been already studied this matter in Contribution to the History of Psychoanalysis movement (1914) and My life and Psychoanalysis (1925) retraced the history of psychoanalysis, mentioning the principal actors who have, directly or indirectly, contributed to the building this body of knowledge.However, the discoveries done by contemporary researchers, in the archives of hospitals, where some Freud’s patients were interned, with a careful reading of the historical context and the intellectual productions on mental illness, at the end of 19th century, raises important questions. Did Freud bias the psychoanalysis history in order to be considered as the real founding father? These suspicions have an impact on the historians working on the work of Freud and on his partisans as well. This invites us, as historians of sciences, to revaluate a certain number of hypotheses in psychoanalysis, according to recent discoveries.Besides, the work of Freud doesn’t not only have relationship with psychological theory of his time. In our days, Freud’s work enriches discussions as far it concerns “contemporary Theories of mind”, and in particular, in disciplinary fields such as Philosophy of mind and cognitive neuroscience. This is what the last part of this thesis demonstrates, as a test case, it interacts Freudian theory of unconsciousness with contemporary theories
Besle, Julien. "Interactions audiovisuelles dans le cortex auditif chez l'homme : approches électrophysiologique et comportementale." Phd thesis, Lyon 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2007/besle_j.
Full textAudiovisual interactions taking place during the perception of audiovisual events were explored in two mainly auditory phenomena: speech perception and representation in auditory sensory memory (ASM), by means of behavioural and electrophysiological measures. Concerning speech perception, we have shown that seeing lip mouvements can speed up auditory speech processing in a phonological discrimination task in normal hearing conditions. This behavioral facilitation was associated with both an activation of the (mainly secondary) auditory cortices by lip movements, as shown in intracranial ERPs in epileptic patients, and a decrease of auditory activity within 50-200 ms after sound onset, as shown both in intracranial ERPs in patients and surface ERPs in normal subjects. We have also shown that a behavioural facilitation can be observed even if the visual speech cues carry temporal, but no phonetic, information, but only in noisy environments. Concerning ASM, we have shown that the detection of a rare audiovisual event delivered in a sequence of standard events is faster than that of either visual or auditory events. This facilitation was associated with interactions of the auditory and visual detection processes, based on the existence of auditory and visual sensory memory traces, as indexed by auditory and visual MMNs of the scalp ERPs. We also showed that the representation of an audiovisual event in ASM, as indexed by the auditory MMN, differs from that of its purely auditory component, but only if the unimodal components of this event are regularly associated. However, we failed to show that a representation of such a regularity can trigger an MMN to its violation
Nys, Marion. "Développement des représentations spatiales d'itinéraires virtuels : composantes cognitives et langagières." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA05H104/document.
Full textAlthough many studies have investigated spatial representation in young adults, little is still known about the processes underlying how they construct spatial models, the nature of these models, and how they develop in children. The originality of this thesis is two-fold: it studies both cognitive and linguistic processes involved in how children (5 to 11 years) and adults construct representation of virtual routes; it also examines individual differences in these processes. The first part of this thesis begins with a chapter that presents the main concepts underlying spatial cognition, as well as some experimental evidence concerning adults' spatial knowledge and the development of this knowledge during childhood. A second chapter then focuses on the role of language and a third one on the role of working memory in the construction of spatial representations. In order to understand how children construct spatial representation during development, a second part of the thesis presents three experiments investigating the development of landmark and route knowledge. The first two studies show developments in the quality and quantity of knowledge concerning both landmarks (i.e. specific entities encountered along the route) and the route (i.e. the sequential order of actions and landmarks). They also provide evidence supporting the specific role of landmarks associated with changes of direction ("decisional" landmarks) in children and adults. Developmental changes in spatial knowledge were assessed by both verbal and non-verbal measures, suggesting the existence of a unique representation or of two representations that are strongly related. The relation between verbal and non-verbal information in participants' representations is evidenced by their bias toward choosing a related landmark of the same semantic category, regardless of its visual characteristics. Nevertheless, analyses show that visuo-spatial abilities such as the perception of directions, but not verbal abilities, play a main role in accounting for individual differences. The third study, investigates verbal and visuo-spatial components of working memory, using a dual task paradigm in which participants performed a verbal or spatial interference task while memorizing routes. The results support the idea that representing itineraries mostly involves a spatial mode of encoding in children and a more verbal or mixed encoding in adults. To conclude, this thesis shows a development in children's capacity to build spatial representations of virtual routes. Although their representation seems to integrate both verbal and non-verbal components, non-verbal abilities appear to be most essential for children. The last part of the thesis discusses the implications of our results for our understanding of the development of spatial cognition in children, as well as future perspectives and conclusions