Journal articles: 'Neuroscience, Psychology, and Behaviour'

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Castro, L. C. "Affective Neuroscience: A Crucial Role in Psychiatry." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71130-7.

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Background:Neuroscience has been a growing revolutionary field of scientific knowledge. The increasing recognition of the importance of emotional processes and subjective experience in several aspects of human behaviour parallel the growing amount of research in the field of affective neuroscience. Affective neuroscience studies the brain mechanisms subjacent to emotional behaviour.Aim:To discuss the relevance of affective neuroscience research in social and biological sciences, namely within psychiatric and psychological researches.Methods:Review of the literature. MEDLINE and PubMed databases searches for peer-reviewed studies, published between 1994 and 2008, using combinations of the Medline Subject Heading terms affective neuroscience, emotions, affective sciences and psychiatry, psychology, biological sciences, social sciences.Results:Several studies addresses brain functions and how emotions relate to genetics, learning, primary motivations, stress response and human behaviour. Some actual areas of research within affective neuroscience include: emotional learning, affective behaviour, emotional empathy, psychosomatic medicine, functional and structural biomarkers, emotional disorders and stress response, among others.Discussion:In Psychiatry, affective neurosciences find application in understanding the neurobiology of mood disorders, the neural control of interpersonal and social behaviour and the emotional systems that underlie psychopathology. Affective neuroscience reflects the integration of knowledge across disciplines allowing a broader understanding of human functioning. The field of affective neuroscience is an exciting field of future psychiatric research and it provides an investigational framework for studying psychiatric morbidity.

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Rizq, Rosemary. "Tread softly: Counselling psychology and neuroscience." Counselling Psychology Review 22, no. 4 (November 2007): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpscpr.2007.22.4.5.

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Advances in the fields of neurobiology, cognitive neuroscience and behaviour genetics pose a significant philosophical and epistemological challenge to the models of mind and psychotherapeutic practice advocated by counselling psychology. Drawing on contemporary work within psychoanalysis, however, I argue that a marriage of neuroscientific and psychotherapeutic research is not only possible but necessary. This paper discusses current research in the fields of memory, mental state understanding and behavioural genetics and examines some of the inherent methodological and conceptual problems facing interdisciplinary research within counselling psychology. The paper concludes with a brief discussion about the ways in which counselling psychology may be well-placed to contribute to a psychotherapeutically-informed neuroscience.

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Leslie, Julian C. "Meanings of “function” in neuroscience, cognition, and behaviour analysis." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23, no. 4 (August 2000): 546–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00373368.

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Different sciences approach the brain-behaviour system at various levels, but often apparently share terminology. “Function” is used both ontogenetically and phylogenetically. Within the ontogeny it has various meanings; the one adopted by Arbib et al. is that of mainstream cognitive psychology. This usage is relatively imprecise, and the psychologists who are sceptical about the ability of cognitive psychology to predict behavioural outcomes may have the same reservations about Arbib et al.'s cognitive neuroscience.

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Hari, Riitta, Mikko Sams, and Lauri Nummenmaa. "Attending to and neglecting people: bridging neuroscience, psychology and sociology." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1693 (May 5, 2016): 20150365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0365.

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Human behaviour is context-dependent—based on predictions and influenced by the environment and other people. We live in a dynamic world where both the social stimuli and their context are constantly changing. Similar dynamic, natural stimuli should, in the future, be increasingly used to study social brain functions, with parallel development of appropriate signal-analysis methods. Understanding dynamic neural processes also requires accurate time-sensitive characterization of the behaviour. To go beyond the traditional stimulus–response approaches, brain activity should be recorded simultaneously from two interacting subjects to reveal why human social interaction is critically different from just reacting to each other. This theme issue on Attending to and neglecting people contains original work and review papers on person perception and social interaction. The articles cover research from neuroscience, psychology, robotics, animal interaction research and microsociology. Some of the papers are co-authored by scientists who presented their own, independent views in the recent Attention and Performance XXVI conference but were brave enough to join forces with a colleague having a different background and views. In the future, information needs to converge across disciplines to provide us a more holistic view of human behaviour, its interactive nature, as well as the temporal dynamics of our social world.

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You, Yucong. "New orientation of study on economic psychology and behaviour." Translational Neuroscience 10, no. 1 (May 21, 2019): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tnsci-2019-0015.

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Abstract Economic psychology refers to the impact of psychological factors on economic changes, and its outward manifestation is economic behaviour. Psychology, as a science studying human psychology and behaviour, has no reason to ignore the study of economic activities. This study summarizes the latest research results and conclusions of economic psychology from three aspects of behaviour level, body signal and other people’s movement or displacement. In addition, it expounds the reflection of economic psychology, the reflection of rational human hypothesis of traditional economics and the prospect of future research. From the perspective of economic psychology, it is of great significance to analyse the psychological motivation behind the conflicts and interests in the study of economic psychology and behaviour so as to construct the harmonious behaviour relationship of “psychological contract” on the basis of the rational mechanism of interest distribution.

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O’Broin, Alanna. "Coaching psychology and neuroscience: Cross-disciplinary opportunities and challenges." Coaching Psychologist 11, no. 1 (June 2015): 30–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpstcp.2015.11.1.30.

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This paper contextualises the aim of developing a dialogue between coaching psychology and neuroscience that is underpinned by experimental research, within the coaching psychology tradition of drawing upon allied domains for its evidence-informed practice. Whilst a ‘brain-based’ approach to coaching is inherently appealing, of increasing interest to coaches, and adapted neuroimaging and electroencephalographic (EEG) studies may provide a promising starting point for increasing our understanding of how coaching works, a number of technical, interdisciplinary, biological, and pragmatic challenges to the stated aim currently exist. It is proposed that overstating the current ability of neuroscience to explain the associations with and mechanisms underlying coachee and coach social behaviour and cognition could be counter-productive in seeking to establish an empirical neuro-scientific evidence base for coaching.

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Dr. Mahima Gupta, Ms Kamal Gulati Manwani,. "THE NEUROSCIENCE ASPECTS OF ADOLESCENT BEHAVIOUR AND ITS IMPLICATIONS." Psychology and Education Journal 57, no. 9 (December 25, 2020): 6489–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v57i9.3202.

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Education is considered to be a tool for providing knowledge, building character and promising a comfortable lifeto its learners. To ensure desired learning outcomes, a lot is being done in the areas of developing better curriculum, making state of the art institutions, improving teacher quality, providing digital platforms, enhancing parental involvement etc. However, when it comes to designing Pedagogical Tools based on the learning patterns of the brain, there is seen a wide gap between what is researched in laboratories and what is witnessed in our classrooms. Pedagogical practices not based on an understanding of how a learner’s brain works and what are its needs can lead to undesired behavioural consequences in them. This becomes more pronounced as learners enter into adolescence, a period in development marked with rapid changes at mental, physical, emotional and psychological levels. This paper looks into various researches that have been done in Cognitive Neuroscience and their educational implications on adolescent learners. It explores why educational practices must take into consideration the cognitive aspects of an adolescent’s brain like role of reward system, enhancing Working Memory, providing multisensory stimulus, using memory strategies, understanding learner behavior and needs etc. This paper concludes by providing insights on how learnings from these Neuroscience researches can address the issue of high risk behaviour tendencies and mental disorders amongst adolescent learners.

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Ismafairus Abd Hamid, Aini, Jafri Malin Abdullah, and Norsiah Fauzan. "The Future of Cognitive Neuroscience." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.22 (August 8, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.22.17111.

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Cognitive neuroscience is an interdisciplinary area focusing on the application of neuroscience knowledge in areas such as neuroimaging studies, computer science, psychology, marketing, business, general and special education, social sciences, engineering, biology, learning science, health, etcetra. It is a new emerging field that may help Malaysia in the move towards 2050 for the development of economic, improve levels of knowledge and education, intensify healthcare, enhance people’s well-being and expand network collaboration. Academicians, scientists, industry and educators must concentrate on the application cognitive neuroscience in their field of studies. There is a lack of neuroscientists in these fields, and concentrated efforts must come from the top down as well as the bottom up. We need to bring brain and mind sciences and neuroscience to a reputable level that will improve physical and mental health and increase creativity and innovation in Malaysia: A national institute to amalgamate the creative and innovative mind, behaviour, and brain sciences and neuroscience must be established.

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Bowers, Robert Ian. "A common heritage of behaviour systems." Behaviour 155, no. 5 (2018): 415–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003497.

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Abstract Behaviour systems theory had its beginnings with Nikolaas Tinbergen’s “hierarchical systems”, an aspect of his thinking and writing that he conspicuously left out of his very memorable 1963 manifesto. This starting point has since been developed within psychology, where it has provided numerous advances. Tinbergen’s aspiration for behaviour systems had been principled integration of ethology with physiology, but the bridge among sciences it ultimately provided led to psychology. To an ethology audience, this paper attempts to reintroduce behaviour systems as a part of Tinbergen’s legacy to make accessible the theoretical developments of behaviour systems theory that have occurred outside of ethology over the last several decades. To a psychology audience, the paper serves as a reminder of the ethological origins of behaviour systems. Both sciences and their integration stand to benefit from recognising this point of common heritage.

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Liu, Shiyong, and Sang Fu. "Construction of a prediction model for individual investors psychology and behaviour based on cognitive neuroscience." International Journal of Industrial and Systems Engineering 40, no. 3 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijise.2022.10046280.

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Liu, Shiyong, and Sang Fu. "Construction of a prediction model for individual investors' psychology and behaviour based on cognitive neuroscience." International Journal of Industrial and Systems Engineering 40, no. 3 (2022): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijise.2022.122275.

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Boggio, Paulo S., Gabriel G. Rêgo, Lucas M. Marques, and Thiago L. Costa. "Social Psychology and Noninvasive Electrical Stimulation." European Psychologist 21, no. 1 (January 2016): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000247.

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Abstract. Social neuroscience and psychology have made substantial advances in the last few decades. Nonetheless, the field has relied mostly on behavioral, imaging, and other correlational research methods. Here we argue that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is an effective and relevant technique to be used in this field of research, allowing for the establishment of more causal brain-behavior relationships than can be achieved with most of the techniques used in this field. We review relevant brain stimulation-aided research in the fields of social pain, social interaction, prejudice, and social decision-making, with a special focus on tDCS. Despite the fact that the use of tDCS in Social Neuroscience and Psychology studies is still in its early days, results are promising. As better understanding of the processes behind social cognition becomes increasingly necessary due to political, clinical, and even philosophical demands, the fact that tDCS is arguably rare in Social Neuroscience research is very noteworthy. This review aims at inspiring researchers to employ tDCS in the investigation of issues within Social Neuroscience. We present substantial evidence that tDCS is indeed an appropriate tool for this purpose.

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Gonzalez-Lima, Francisco. "A Neuroscience of Behavior or a Cognitivistic View of Neuroscience?" Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 38, no. 11 (November 1993): 1206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/032790.

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Han, Yu, Xuezheng Li, Zhida Feng, Ruoyu Jin, Joseph Kangwa, and Obas John Ebohon. "Grounded Theory and Social Psychology Approach to Investigating the Formation of Construction Workers’ Unsafe Behaviour." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (May 18, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3581563.

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There have been limited studies analyzing the causes of construction workers’ unsafe behaviour from the social psychology perspective. Based on a Grounded Theory approach, this study first identified and defined seven coded categories related to workers’ dangerous behaviour on construction sites. The original qualitative data were obtained from individual site interviews conducted with 35 construction professionals. These main categories were found connected to workers’ status of safety awareness and sense of danger, which affected the type of unsafe behaviours, i.e., proactive, passive, or reactive behaviour. By further integrating social cognitive psychology theories into workers’ behavioural decision-making process, the formation mechanism framework and diagram were developed to describe construction workers’ unsafe behaviours based on the dynamic process of balancing the individual desires and perceived safety risks. This study advances the body of knowledge in construction safety behavioural management by performing in-depth theoretical analysis regarding workers’ internal desires, activated by external scenarios and intervened by a personal safety cognition system, which could result in different motivations and various behavioural outcomes. It is argued that safety cognition serves as a mediated moderation system affecting behavioural performance. Practical suggestions on developing a proper safety management system incorporating safety education in guiding construction workers’ site behaviours are presented.

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de Waal, Frans B. M. "Evolutionary Psychology: The Wheat and the Chaff." Current Directions in Psychological Science 11, no. 6 (December 2002): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.00197.

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Evolutionary approaches are on the rise in the social sciences and have the potential to bring an all–encompassing conceptual framework to the study of human behavior. Together with neuroscience, which is digging the grave of mind–body dualism, evolutionary psychology is bound to undermine the still reigning human–animal dualism. If a Darwinian reshaping of the social sciences seems inevitable, even desirable, this should not be looked at as a hostile takeover. The underlying theme of this essay is that it is time for psychologists to join the Darwinian revolution, yet the essay also critically reviews current evolutionary psychology. It questions the loose application of adaptationist thinking and the fragmentation of the genome, behavior, and the brain. From biology we learn that not every species–typical trait is necessarily advantageous, and from neuroscience we learn that not every psychological ability or tendency necessarily needs to have its own specialized brain circuitry. But even if the concept of adaptation is hard to apply, psychologists would do well to start looking at human behavior in the light of evolution.

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ABU BAKAR, MOHAMAD ARIFFIN, and AHMAD TERMIMI AB GHAN. "THE IMPACT OF NEUROSCIENCE LITERACY ON SUSTAINABILITY OF THE STUDENTS’ MATHEMATICS LEARNING ENVIRONMENT." JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT 17, no. 9 (September 30, 2022): 148–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.46754/jssm.2022.09.010.

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Learning mathematics is strongly related to brain function. Neuroscience research has defined how different areas of the brain will mechanise and respond to the complex process of learning mathematics. This interrelationship requires practical details and clarification. However, a lack of neuroscience information and literacy inhibits efforts to improve the mathematics learning environment. Therefore, this study aims to determine the impact of neuroscience literacy on the mathematics learning environment of students. A systematic literature review was conducted using the PRISMA strategy, with the input of keywords into databases such as Scopus, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Pubmed and Web of Science, to search for the best articles on the subject. The year of publication, objective, content, results and dense discussions were analysed. The results suggest that several aspects of neuroscience literacy like principles, mechanisms and practices, are deemed important and may bring a positive impact in learning mathematics. The attributes affect cognition, psychology and behaviour in shaping and sustaining the students’ mathematics learning environment based on personal, social, organisational and physical components or virtual spaces. As a result, neuroscience should be considered as an alternative to transforming and improving the outcome of mathematics learning among students.

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Vaccaro, Anthony G., Jonas T. Kaplan, and Antonio Damasio. "Bittersweet: The Neuroscience of Ambivalent Affect." Perspectives on Psychological Science 15, no. 5 (August 6, 2020): 1187–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745691620927708.

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Ambivalent affective states, such as bittersweetness, nostalgia, and longing, which are felt as having both positive and negative aspects, are an important component of human experience but have received little attention. The most influential theoretical frameworks in affective neuroscience focus largely on univalenced states. As a result, it is not known whether ambivalent affect corresponds to a simultaneously positive and negative valenced state or whether it results from a rapid vacillation between positive and negative states. Here we hypothesize that ambivalent affect involves both mechanisms, that is, rapid vacillation and simultaneity of positive and negative affect, albeit at different neurobiological levels. Rapidly vacillating univalent emotions could give rise to an ambivalent feeling, a mechanism that depends on brainstem nuclei that facilitate rapid action programs of emotional behavior while inhibiting opposing behaviors. This reciprocal inhibition prevents organisms from simultaneously implementing responses to conflicting emotions but also allows for rapid switching between emotions triggered by counterfactual thinking and rapid reappraisal of situations. We propose that as these transitions occur and respective interoceptive information reaches the insular cortex, further processing of this “emotional moment” would allow separate emotional events to be experienced as one “mixed” and integrated feeling.

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Meltzoff, Andrew N., and Jean Decety. "What imitation tells us about social cognition: a rapprochement between developmental psychology and cognitive neuroscience." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 358, no. 1431 (February 14, 2003): 491–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2002.1261.

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Both developmental and neurophysiological research suggest a common coding between perceived and generated actions. This shared representational network is innately wired in humans. We review psychological evidence concerning the imitative behaviour of newborn human infants. We suggest that the mechanisms involved in infant imitation provide the foundation for understanding that others are ‘like me’ and underlie the development of theory of mind and empathy for others. We also analyse functional neuroimaging studies that explore the neurophysiological substrate of imitation in adults. We marshal evidence that imitation recruits not only shared neural representations between the self and the other but also cortical regions in the parietal cortex that are crucial for distinguishing between the perspective of self and other. Imitation is doubly revealing: it is used by infants to learn about adults, and by scientists to understand the organization and functioning of the brain.

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Hilton, Denis J. "Is the challenge for psychologists to return to behaviourism?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24, no. 3 (June 2001): 415–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x01364142.

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I suggest that contemporary economics shares many of the characteristics of methodological behaviourism in psychology, with its emphasis on the influence of motivation, learning, and situational incentives on behaviour, and minimal interest in the details of the cognitive processes that transform input (information) into output (behaviour). The emphasis on these characteristics has the same strengths and weaknesses in economics as in behaviourist psychology.

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Gordon, Wendy. "Behavioural Economics and Qualitative Research – A Marriage Made in Heaven?" International Journal of Market Research 53, no. 2 (March 2011): 171–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2501/ijmr-53-2-171-186.

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Behavioural economics draws on many different academic disciplines from cognitive psychology and social theory through to the newer disciplines of (social) neuroscience, evolutionary anthropology and genetics. Marketing and communications practitioners are now embracing it because it puts human behaviour centre stage rather than attitudes, beliefs and opinions. Contemporary qualitative research also draws on many of the same disciplines, and also others such as semiotics, linguistics and epidemiology. However, it has always been more comfortable describing motivations, attitudes, beliefs and opinions rather than behaviour itself. Many of the principles described in behavioural economics (BE) challenge the very nature of qualitative thinking and practice. This paper examines the relationship between the two models of thinking and how each can benefit from a greater understanding of the other.

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ALGHAFRI, Ali Salim Rashid. "HEBB'S THEORY OF LEARNING IN COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE." International Journal of Humanities and Educational Research 03, no. 05 (October 1, 2021): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2757-5403.5-3.23.

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Donald Hebb who is the founder of theory of learning behavior from the perspective of cognitive neuroscience based on the cell assembly. Where he explained the occurrence of learning through the Hebb's synapse, which explained the mechanism of interaction and connection between synaptic cells, and the activity that occurs between them to produce learning and related thinking and memory. Also, how the induce that occurs between the cell assembly in the Hebb's synapse has a significant role to understand learning and associated skills, abilities and behavior. Therefore, this theory in the field of education and psychology was employed in the mechanism of long-term Potentiation (LTP) to interpret the occurrence of learning in terms of cognitive neuroscience. Keywords: Cognitive Neuroscience, Theory, Hebb, Learning, Teaching, Brain, Neuron

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Chattopadhyay, Rachana. "Journey of neuroscience: marketing management to organizational behavior." Management Research Review 43, no. 9 (March 6, 2020): 1063–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrr-09-2019-0387.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the advancement of neuroscience research works in the domains of marketing management and organizational behavior and its future scope for expansion in the area of organizational behavior. Design/methodology/approach A total of 77 neuroscience research articles in the area of marketing management and organizational behavior published between 2004 and 2017 were reviewed, and a possible future direction for neuroscience research in the area of organizational behavior was identified in this article. Findings Findings from neuroscience research works suggest that tools and techniques that are useful in the neuroscience domain are also quite powerful and reliable in the context of organizational behavior research. Here, it should be noted that not all of these are independently powerful. Therefore, in certain cases, it is desirable to use neuroscience techniques in association with existing methods. Originality/value Neuroscientific research works in the context of the marketing domain were started with the motivation to identify the neural signaling in association with different marketing initiatives. However, the research works have proceeded much deeper and entered into the field of consumer psychology. Further research shows that neuroscience techniques are quite useful in the understanding of consumer behavior and can be extended in the field of organizational behavior. In this study, the authors have provided the future direction of neuroscience research works in the area of organizational behavior.

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Jankowska, Joanna. "Psychological Insights Into Decision‑Making." Kwartalnik Ekonomistów i Menedżerów 42, no. 4 (October 1, 2016): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0009.5485.

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This paper considers the widely approached problem of how individuals and groups make economic decisions. The author’s belief is that the answer to this question is highly interdisciplinary and lies not only in areas of study such as microeconomic theory and organisational behaviour, but also psychology, neuroscience and ethics. The author attempts to summarise a few chosen, existing models, which can help analyse both logical and psychological aspects of the process, and mentions a new, rising interdisciplinary field of neuroeconomics, which offers high potential for construction of new decision‐making models in the future.

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Halpern, Diane F. "Whither Psychology." Perspectives on Psychological Science 12, no. 4 (July 2017): 665–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745691616677097.

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Contemporary psychology is experiencing tremendous growth in neuroscience, and there is every indication that it will continue to gain in popularity notwithstanding the scarcity of academic positions for newly minted Ph.Ds. Despite the general perception that brain correlates “explain” or “cause” the mind and behavior, these correlates have not yet proven useful in understanding psychological processes, although they offer the possibility of early identification of some disorders. Other recent developments in psychology include increased emphasis on applications and more global representation among researchers and participants. In thinking about the way we want psychology to evolve, psychologists need to pay more than lip service to the idea that complex questions in psychology require multiple levels of analysis with contributions from biological (brain, hormones, and genetics), individual differences and social and cultural perspectives. Early career psychologists who can attain a breadth of knowledge will be well-positioned for a team approach to psychological inquiry. Finally, I offer the belief that an emphasis on enhancing critical thinking skills at all levels of education offers the best hope for the future.

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Schwartz, Jeffrey M., Henry P. Stapp, and Mario Beauregard. "Quantum physics in neuroscience and psychology: a neurophysical model of mind–brain interaction." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 360, no. 1458 (June 29, 2005): 1309–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2004.1598.

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Neuropsychological research on the neural basis of behaviour generally posits that brain mechanisms will ultimately suffice to explain all psychologically described phenomena. This assumption stems from the idea that the brain is made up entirely of material particles and fields, and that all causal mechanisms relevant to neuroscience can therefore be formulated solely in terms of properties of these elements. Thus, terms having intrinsic mentalistic and/or experiential content (e.g. ‘feeling’, ‘knowing’ and ‘effort’) are not included as primary causal factors. This theoretical restriction is motivated primarily by ideas about the natural world that have been known to be fundamentally incorrect for more than three-quarters of a century. Contemporary basic physical theory differs profoundly from classic physics on the important matter of how the consciousness of human agents enters into the structure of empirical phenomena. The new principles contradict the older idea that local mechanical processes alone can account for the structure of all observed empirical data. Contemporary physical theory brings directly and irreducibly into the overall causal structure certain psychologically described choices made by human agents about how they will act. This key development in basic physical theory is applicable to neuroscience, and it provides neuroscientists and psychologists with an alternative conceptual framework for describing neural processes. Indeed, owing to certain structural features of ion channels critical to synaptic function, contemporary physical theory must in principle be used when analysing human brain dynamics. The new framework, unlike its classic-physics-based predecessor, is erected directly upon, and is compatible with, the prevailing principles of physics. It is able to represent more adequately than classic concepts the neuroplastic mechanisms relevant to the growing number of empirical studies of the capacity of directed attention and mental effort to systematically alter brain function.

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Royo-Vela, Marcelo, and Ákos Varga. "Unveiling Neuromarketing and Its Research Methodology." Encyclopedia 2, no. 2 (April 13, 2022): 729–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia2020051.

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Neuromarketing is the union of cognitive psychology, which studies mental processes, neurology and neurophysiology, which study the functioning and responses of the brain and body physiology to external stimuli, and marketing, which studies valuable exchanges, to explain marketing effects on customers’ and consumers’ behaviours and on buying and decision processes. It includes a set of research techniques that, by observing and evaluating how the brain and other body parts respond, avoids possible biases and provides truthful and objective information on consumer subconscious. The term “consumer neuroscience” covers academic approaches using techniques such as fMRI, Eye Tracking, or EED. The objectives of this entry are to show what neuromarketing is and what added value it brings to the study of consumer behaviour and purchase decision processes. The conclusions show a favourable future and positive attitudes towards neuromarketing.

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Dougherty, Michael R., and Alison Robey. "Neuroscience and Education: A Bridge Astray?" Current Directions in Psychological Science 27, no. 6 (November 6, 2018): 401–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721418794495.

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It is common to encounter the belief that neuroscience holds promise for advancing education practice—a belief that is predicated on the assumption that neuroscientific findings can be scaled up to inform our understanding of behavior in complex education settings. In this article, we argue that this belief is not just far-fetched but misdirected. Although we acknowledge the value of neuroscience for understanding brain mechanisms, we argue that it is largely unnecessary for the development of effective learning interventions. We demonstrate how neuroscience findings have failed to generalize to classroom contexts by highlighting the recent popularity and failed results from brain-training research. We end by providing two recommendations for how future researchers and policy makers should address neuroscience and its potential for education applications.

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Lekander, Mats. "The Role of the Immune System in Psychology and Neuroscience." European Psychologist 7, no. 2 (June 2002): 98–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027//1016-9040.7.2.98.

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The immune system and the nervous system are connected in a dynamic network that has important implications for psychology. First, if analyzed in functional terms, the immune system and the nervous system are not distinctly separated: The immune system can take part in neuronal signaling through the production of an array of transmitters and hormones, and brain cells can process and present antigen and produce immune proteins. Moreover, synapses seem to be formed between immune and neural cells in lymphoid tissue. The basis of this phenomenon may be a common evolutionary background of physiological systems that by tradition have been viewed as discrete rather than overlapping. Second, the immune system is actively involved in homeostatic regulation. Signals from immune cells can profoundly change the physiological state of the organism, with changes observed in metabolism, stress axes activity, behavior, motivation and cognition. Many of these changes have probably evolved to ease recuperation. Third, the activity in the immune system is dependent of homeostatic regulation by the neuroendocrine system in a biologically important network that is also capable of mediating psychological impact on immunity. In this review, it is argued that immunology should be ecological in nature and thereby related to psychological and neural science. Hypothetically, an ecological immunology will show cross-fertilizing properties, increasing the explanatory power of the seemingly disparate scientific disciplines involved.

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Carnagey, Nicholas L., Craig A. Anderson, and Bruce D. Bartholow. "Media Violence and Social Neuroscience." Current Directions in Psychological Science 16, no. 4 (August 2007): 178–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00499.x.

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Decades of research have demonstrated that exposure to violence on television can cause increases in aggression. The recent emergence of violent video games has raised new questions regarding the effects of violent media. The General Aggression Model (GAM) predicts that exposure to violent media increases aggressive behavior through one of three primary pathways (arousal, cognitions, and affect). Past psychophysiological research has supported GAM but has been limited to examining arousal-related variables. Recent advances in social neuroscience have opened the door to investigations of exposure to violent media on cognitive and affective components and their neurocognitive underpinnings. Neuroscience tools have the potential to provide answers to the new questions posed by recent advances in media technology.

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Scott Hall, F., and Elena Choleris. "A place for behavior in neuroscience: Recent advances in behavioral neuroscience." Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 110 (March 2020): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.01.036.

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Argiolas, A. "Neuropeptides and sexual behaviour." Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 23, no. 8 (December 1999): 1127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0149-7634(99)00068-8.

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Nies, Kristie J. "The Social Brain: The Blind Men and The Elephant." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 13, no. 6 (October 18, 2007): 1073–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617707071391.

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Social Neuroscience: Integrating Biological and Psychological Explanations of Social Behavior. Eddie Harmon-Jones and Piotr Winkielman (Eds.). 2007. New York: The Guilford Press, 512 pp., $65.00 (HB)I reviewed this book shortly after reading The Neuroscience of Human Relationships, by Louis Cozolino (2006), hoping that this book, which addresses how our brains exist in relationship to other brains, would be an adequate prerequisite for Social Neuroscience. I had concerns that its focus would be the biology of social psychology proper (rather than the biology of social relationships) for which I would be less qualified and less interested. A quick perusal convinced me that the book was indeed about the biological basis of human social behavior. With that information and a review of a similar title, Social Neuroscience: People Thinking About Thinking People (Fein, 2006), I proceeded.

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Pierre, J. M. "The neuroscience of free will: implications for psychiatry." Psychological Medicine 44, no. 12 (December 13, 2013): 2465–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291713002985.

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AbstractBelief in free will has been a mainstay in philosophy throughout history, grounded in large part in our intuitive sense that we consciously control our actions and could have done otherwise. However, psychology and psychiatry have long sought to uncover mechanistic explanations for human behavior that challenge the notion of free will. In recent years, neuroscientific discoveries have produced a model of volitional behavior that is at odds with the notion of contra-causal free will and our sense of conscious agency. Volitional behavior instead appears to have antecedents in unconscious brain activity that is localizable to specific neuroanatomical structures. Updating notions of free will in favor of a continuous model of volitional self-control provides a useful paradigm to conceptualize and study some forms of psychopathology such as addiction and impulse control disorders. Similarly, thinking of specific symptoms of schizophrenia as disorders of agency may help to elucidate mechanisms of psychosis. Beyond clinical understanding and etiological research, a neuroscientific model of volitional behavior has the potential to modernize forensic notions of responsibility and criminal punishment in order to inform public policy. Ultimately, moving away from the language of free will towards the language of volitional control may result in an enhanced understanding of the very nature of ourselves.

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Poldrack, Russell A., John Monahan, Peter B. Imrey, Valerie Reyna, Marcus E. Raichle, David Faigman, and Joshua W. Buckholtz. "Predicting Violent Behavior: What Can Neuroscience Add?" Trends in Cognitive Sciences 22, no. 2 (February 2018): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2017.11.003.

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Decety, Jean, Inbal Ben-Ami Bartal, Florina Uzefovsky, and Ariel Knafo-Noam. "Empathy as a driver of prosocial behaviour: highly conserved neurobehavioural mechanisms across species." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1686 (January 19, 2016): 20150077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0077.

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Empathy reflects the natural ability to perceive and be sensitive to the emotional states of others, coupled with a motivation to care for their well-being. It has evolved in the context of parental care for offspring, as well as within kinship bonds, to help facilitate group living. In this paper, we integrate the perspectives of evolution, animal behaviour, developmental psychology, and social and clinical neuroscience to elucidate our understanding of the proximate mechanisms underlying empathy. We focus, in particular, on processing of signals of distress and need, and their relation to prosocial behaviour. The ability to empathize, both in animals and humans, mediates prosocial behaviour when sensitivity to others' distress is paired with a drive towards their welfare. Disruption or atypical development of the neural circuits that process distress cues and integrate them with decision value leads to callous disregard for others, as is the case in psychopathy. The realization that basic forms of empathy exist in non-human animals is crucial for gaining new insights into the underlying neurobiological and genetic mechanisms of empathy, enabling translation towards therapeutic and pharmacological interventions.

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Tybur, Joshua M., Angela D. Bryan, and Ann E. Caldwell Hooper. "An Evolutionary Perspective on Health Psychology: New Approaches and Applications." Evolutionary Psychology 10, no. 5 (December 1, 2012): 147470491201000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147470491201000508.

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Although health psychologists' efforts to understand and promote health are most effective when guided by theory, health psychology has not taken full advantage of theoretical insights provided by evolutionary psychology. Here, we argue that evolutionary perspectives can fruitfully inform strategies for addressing some of the challenges facing health psychologists. Evolutionary psychology's emphasis on modular, functionally specialized psychological systems can inform approaches to understanding the myriad behaviors grouped under the umbrella of “health,” as can theoretical perspectives used by evolutionary anthropologists, biologists, and psychologists (e.g., Life History Theory). We detail some early investigations into evolutionary health psychology, and we provide suggestions for directions for future research.

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Hochstetter, Gregor, and Hong Yu Wong. "Comment: Affective Control of Action." Emotion Review 9, no. 4 (August 8, 2017): 345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754073916684965.

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This commentary challenges Railton’s claim that the affective system is the key source of control of action. Whilst the affective system is important for understanding how acting for a reason is possible, we argue that there are many levels of control of action and adaptive behaviour and that the affective system is only one source of control. Such a model seems to be more in line with the emerging picture from affective and movement neuroscience.

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Schipper, Marc, and Franz Petermann. "Trust – a Subject for Social Neuroscience?" Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie 22, no. 4 (December 2011): 245–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1016-264x/a000053.

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The term trust has its roots in psychology and the social sciences, it stands for a complex construct having a high relevance in certain domains, ranging from everyday-live issues over sociology and medicine to economics, law and politics. To a certain extend it plays a crucial role in all social interactions, displaying its enormous societal relevance. In the last years a new research domain emerged, referred to as ‘Social Neuroscience’. Within this domain many intriguing findings have been made regarding the neural basis of social behavior. In this review we want to present what is known about the neural mechanisms underlying trust and present ideas on how social neuroscientific research can improve our understanding of this important social phenomenon and its dysfunctions, focusing on interpersonal trust. Especially the integration of social-neuroscientific methods with clinical and developmental psychological paradigms should provide new insights into the biology and development of trust and distrust.

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Laming, P. R., H. Kimelberg, S. Robinson, A. Salm, N. Hawrylak, C. Müller, B. Roots, and K. Ng. "Neuronal–glial interactions and behaviour." Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 24, no. 3 (May 2000): 295–340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0149-7634(99)00080-9.

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HOEBEL, BARTLEY G. "Neuroscience and Appetitive Behavior Research: 25 Years." Appetite 29, no. 2 (October 1997): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/appe.1997.0126.

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Fox, Stephen, and Adrian Kotelba. "Organizational Neuroscience of Industrial Adaptive Behavior." Behavioral Sciences 12, no. 5 (May 3, 2022): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs12050131.

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Organizational neuroscience is recognized in organizational behavior literature as offering an interpretive framework that can shed new light on existing organizational challenges. In this paper, findings from neuroscience studies concerned with adaptive behavior for ecological fitness are applied to explore industrial adaptive behavior. This is important because many companies are not able to manage dynamics between adaptability and stability. The reported analysis relates business-to-business signaling in competitive environments to three levels of inference. In accordance with neuroscience studies concerned with adaptive behavior, trade-offs between complexity and accuracy in business-to-business signaling and inference are explained. In addition, signaling and inference are related to risks and ambiguities in competitive industrial markets. Overall, the paper provides a comprehensive analysis of industrial adaptive behavior in terms of relevant neuroscience constructs. In doing so, the paper makes a contribution to the field of organizational neuroscience, and to research concerned with industrial adaptive behavior. The reported analysis is relevant to organizational adaptive behavior that involves combining human intelligence and artificial intelligence.

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Guerin, Bernard. "BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY: A REVIEW OF LANA'S ASSUMPTIONS OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY1." Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 58, no. 3 (November 1992): 589–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1992.58-589.

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Kline, Paul. "Not genes: Behaviour." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 12, no. 3 (September 1989): 532–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00057502.

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Harries, John G. "Shapes of behaviour." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15, no. 2 (June 1992): 279–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00068667.

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Timberlake, William, David W. Schaal, and Joseph E. Steinmetz. "RELATING BEHAVIOR AND NEUROSCIENCE: INTRODUCTION AND SYNOPSIS." Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 84, no. 3 (November 2005): 305–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1901/jeab.2005.99-05.

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Hunt, Gavin R., and Russell D. Gray. "Genetic assimilation of behaviour does not eliminate learning and innovation." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30, no. 4 (August 2007): 412–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x07002439.

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AbstractRamsey et al. attempt to clarify methodological issues for identifying innovative behaviour. Their effort is seriously weakened by an underlying presumption that the behavior of primates is generally learned and that of non-primates is generally “innate.” This presumption is based on a poor grasp of the non-primate literature and a flawed understanding of how learned behaviour is genetically assimilated.

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Craver, Carl F., and Anna Alexandrova. "NO REVOLUTION NECESSARY: NEURAL MECHANISMS FOR ECONOMICS." Economics and Philosophy 24, no. 3 (November 2008): 381–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266267108002034.

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We argue that neuroeconomics should be a mechanistic science. We defend this view as preferable both to a revolutionary perspective, according to which classical economics is eliminated in favour of neuroeconomics, and to a classical economic perspective, according to which economics is insulated from facts about psychology and neuroscience. We argue that, like other mechanistic sciences, neuroeconomics will earn its keep to the extent that it either reconfigures how economists think about decision-making or how neuroscientists think about brain mechanisms underlying behaviour. We discuss some ways that the search for mechanisms can bring about such top-down and bottom-up revision, and we consider some examples from the recent neuroeconomics literature of how varieties of progress of this sort might be achieved.

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Fleming, Stephen M., Raymond J. Dolan, and Christopher D. Frith. "Metacognition: computation, biology and function." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 367, no. 1594 (May 19, 2012): 1280–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0021.

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Many complex systems maintain a self-referential check and balance. In animals, such reflective monitoring and control processes have been grouped under the rubric of metacognition. In this introductory article to a Theme Issue on metacognition, we review recent and rapidly progressing developments from neuroscience, cognitive psychology, computer science and philosophy of mind. While each of these areas is represented in detail by individual contributions to the volume, we take this opportunity to draw links between disciplines, and highlight areas where further integration is needed. Specifically, we cover the definition, measurement, neurobiology and possible functions of metacognition, and assess the relationship between metacognition and consciousness. We propose a framework in which level of representation, order of behaviour and access consciousness are orthogonal dimensions of the conceptual landscape.

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Kinn Rød, Anne Marie, Robert Murison, Jelena Mrdalj, Anne Marita Milde, Finn Konow Jellestad, Leif Arvid Øvernes, and Janne Grønli. "Effects of social defeat on sleep and behaviour: Importance of the confrontational behaviour." Physiology & Behavior 127 (March 2014): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.01.010.

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Cook, Christian J., Sara A. Maasland, and Carrick E. Devine. "Social behaviour in sheep relates to behaviour and neurotransmitter responses to nociceptive stimuli." Physiology & Behavior 60, no. 3 (September 1996): 741–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9384(96)00119-9.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Neuroscience, Psychology, and Behaviour'

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