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Aseyev, N. A. "COLOR PERCEPTION AND ITS CODING IN SIMIAN NEOCORTEX." Журнал высшей нервной деятельности им. И.П. Павлова 73, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 62–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044467723010045.
Perception of color by human and nonhuman primates is a complex problem, which is studied not only by neurophysiology, but also by neighboring fields of science such as psychophysiology, psycholinguistics, and even philosophy. With neurophysiology as a starting point, I review contributions of adjacent fields in understanding of the primates’ color space encoding. All known at the moment neurophysiologic mechanisms of color perception by primates are reviewed and a hypothetical way of color stimuli processing is proposed, suggesting at a final stage involvement of conceptual (gnostic) neurons encoding only colors of visual stimuli.
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di Biase, Lazzaro, Alessandro Di Santo, Maria Letizia Caminiti, Pasquale Maria Pecoraro, Simona Paola Carbone, and Vincenzo Di Lazzaro. "Dystonia Diagnosis: Clinical Neurophysiology and Genetics." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 14 (July 19, 2022): 4184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11144184.
Dystonia diagnosis is based on clinical examination performed by a neurologist with expertise in movement disorders. Clues that indicate the diagnosis of a movement disorder such as dystonia are dystonic movements, dystonic postures, and three additional physical signs (mirror dystonia, overflow dystonia, and geste antagonists/sensory tricks). Despite advances in research, there is no diagnostic test with a high level of accuracy for the dystonia diagnosis. Clinical neurophysiology and genetics might support the clinician in the diagnostic process. Neurophysiology played a role in untangling dystonia pathophysiology, demonstrating characteristic reduction in inhibition of central motor circuits and alterations in the somatosensory system. The neurophysiologic measure with the greatest evidence in identifying patients affected by dystonia is the somatosensory temporal discrimination threshold (STDT). Other parameters need further confirmations and more solid evidence to be considered as support for the dystonia diagnosis. Genetic testing should be guided by characteristics such as age at onset, body distribution, associated features, and coexistence of other movement disorders (parkinsonism, myoclonus, and other hyperkinesia). The aim of the present review is to summarize the state of the art regarding dystonia diagnosis focusing on the role of neurophysiology and genetic testing.
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Acharya, Jayant N. "Neurophysiology." Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology 14, no. 2 (March 1997): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004691-199703000-00009.
Rogawski, Michael A. "Neurophysiology." Current Protocols in Neuroscience 37, no. 1 (October 2006): 6.0.1–6.0.7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0471142301.ns0600s37.
Lenzi, Jacopo, Giulio Anichini, Alessandro Landi, Alfonso Piciocchi, Emiliano Passacantilli, Francesca Pedace, Roberto Delfini, and Antonio Santoro. "Spinal Nerves Schwannomas: Experience on 367 Cases—Historic Overview on How Clinical, Radiological, and Surgical Practices Have Changed over a Course of 60 Years." Neurology Research International 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3568359.
Background.Spinal schwannomas are common benign spinal tumors. Their treatment has significantly evolved over the years, and preserving neurological functions has become one of the main treatment goals together with tumor resection.Study Design and Aims.Retrospective review focused on clinical assessment, treatment techniques, and outcomes.Methods.A retrospective study on our surgical series was performed. Clinical and operative data were analyzed. In regard to neurophysiologic monitoring, patients were retrospectively divided into two groups comparing the outcomes before and after introduction of routine intraoperative neurophysiology tests.Results.From 1951 to 2010, 367 patients overall were treated. Diagnosis was obtained using angiography and/or myelography (pre-CT era), MRI, or CT scan. A posterior spinal approach was used for most patients; complex approaches were adopted for treatment of giant/dumbbell tumors. A trend of neurophysiology monitoring decreasing the rate of post-op neurological deficits was observed but was not statistically significant enough to draft evidence-based conclusions.Conclusions.Clinical and radiological assessment of spinal schwannomas has markedly changed over the course of 50 years. Diagnostic tools have improved, and detection of recurrence has become way more sensitive. Neurophysiologic monitoring has become a useful intraoperative tool to guide resection and prevent post-op neurological impairment.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Neurophysiology":
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Proudfoot, Malcolm. "Cortical neurophysiology of ALS." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5b8673f7-8eb2-4bf2-b3b8-d901fa134007.
The experiments described in this thesis aimed to investigate the neurophysiological consequences, at the cortical level, of the neurodegenerative condition, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). A principle tenet of this study was that ALS is, first and foremost, a disorder of the cortical motor system, the precise pathological mechanisms of which remain incompletely understood. Furthermore, the degree to which neurodegeneration can be evidenced before the onset of symptoms is thus far uncertain, and the optimal means by which to measure therapeutic response has yet to be determined. Chapter 1 introduces relevant key concepts in ALS and briefly summarises three studies completed in the early phases of pursuit for the above degree. These studies respectively considered presmyptomatic cellular ALS pathology, quantitation of disease progression and eyetracking assessment of cognitive dysfunction. Chapter 2 describes magnetoencephalography, the investigative technology utilised in the subsequent experimental chapter. In chapter 3, the effects of ALS on movement related modulation of neuronal oscillations are determined. An excessive peri-movement desynchronisation and delayed post-movement rebound was described. Functional connectivity between cortical regions at rest is appraised in chapter 4. ALS appeared to result in quite striking increases in functional connectivity, in keeping with the fMRI literature and in support of diminished intracortical inhibitory influences. The functional communication from the motor cortices is directly considered during active motor performance in chapter 5. ALS related reductions in beta-band coherence were noted in both corticospinal and inter- hemispheric communication. In conclusion, the results demonstrated considerable support for proposed excitotoxic disease mechanisms and were in alignment with reported findings in other neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, a pilot study by which the neural mechanisms for cognitive impairment in ALS are explored via antisaccade performance is described. While underpowered, the experimental design showed promise for future application.
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Ni, Mhuircheartaigh Roisin Judith. "The neurophysiology of sedation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5097d3ca-5f5b-4b37-b7bd-abeb10ec196d.
We recognise consciousness in ourselves and in those around us. Consciousness is the essence of our existence, who and what we are, but we are willing and able to let go of it daily during sleep, which we welcome and associate with rest, recovery and well being, knowing that consciousness will return reliably, when we are ready. Yet we cannot define this thing or process which makes us "us". We do not understand how it is constructed from the activity in our brains, how it is deconstructed by sleep, drugs or disease, or how it can be reconstructed by waking or recovery. Our ignorance renders us reliant on inadequate means of measuring consciousness, dependent on movement for its detection. Propofol is an intravenous anaesthetic drug with the capacity to safely, rapidly and reliably produce sedation and anaesthesia, providing an ideal model of unconsciousness for study. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides a non-invasive means of measuring activity within the brain. EEG is a convenient broad measure of neuronal activity. This thesis exploits the advantages of each of these techniques, fMRI and EEG, first separately and then together, to link highly informative, spatially specific fMRI observations to convenient, reproducible electrophysiological surface measurements. A safe and reliable model of unconsciousness suitable for fMRI interrogation is first developed and explored. Changes in the spatial extent and interregional correlation of neuronal activity when subjects become unresponsive show that the functional connectivity of the striatum is specifically impaired as perception fails. Disruption of the brain’s internal temporal frame of reference impairs the synthesis of perceptions from their fragments. The second experimental chapter specifically examines the behaviour of sleep oscillations during ultraslow increases and decreases in the depth of sedation with propofol. Functional activity shows that the brain is intensely active despite loss of consciousness and reveals measurable transitions in neuronal activity. Combined simultaneous EEG/FMRI then shows that these transitions reflect stepwise changes in the processing of experience and a shift from externally modulated thalamocortical signaling to an internal dialogue.
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Galer, Sophie. "Impact de l'activité épileptique interictale sur le traitement cognitif: approche neurophysiologique et comportementale." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/241299.
Many animals are able to perceive stereoscopic depth owing to the disparity information that arises from the left and right eyes' horizontal displacement on the head. The initial computation of disparity happens in primary visual cortex (V1) and is largely considered to be a correlation-based computation. In other words, the computational role of V1 as it pertains to stereoscopic vision can be seen to roughly perform a binocular cross-correlation between the images of the left and right eyes. This view is based on the unique success of a correlation-based model of disparity-selective cells { the binocular energy model (BEM). This thesis addresses two unresolved challenges to this narrative. First, recent evidence suggests that a correlation-based view of primary visual cortex is unable to account for human perception of depth in a stimulus where the binocular correlation is on average zero. Chapters 1 and 2 show how a simple extension of the BEM which better captures key properties of V1 neurons allows model cells to signal depth in such stimuli. We also build a psychophysical model which captures human performance closely, and recording from V1 in the macaque, we then show that these predicted properties are indeed observed in real V1 neurons. The second challenge relates to the long-standing inability of the BEM to capture responses to anticorrelated stimuli: stimuli where the contrast is reversed in the two eyes (e.g. black features in the left eye are matched with identical white features in the right eye). Real neurons respond less strongly to these stimuli than model cells. In Chapter 3 and 4, we make use of recent advances in optimisation routines and exhaustively test the ability of a generalised BEM to capture this property. We show that even the best- tting generalised BEM units only go some way towards describing neuronal responses. This is the rst exhaustive empirical test of this in uential modelling framework, and we speculate on what is needed to develop a more complete computational account of visual processing in primary visual cortex.
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Atherton, Jeremy Francis. "Neurophysiology of the subthalamic nucleus." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29793.
Possibly as many as half the neurones in the STN have an axon collateral with branches offfrom the main axon and reinnervates the nucleus. This suggests that rather than working autonomously as was previously thought, the neurones of the STN can operate together as a network. Computer models of the STN showed that the level of interconnectivity within the STN would be huge, even if each axon collateral only contacted a small number of the total neurones with dendritic fields that overlapped with it. A network model showed that such a system was capable of switch-like behaviour. At low levels of activity the neurones would act autonomously. However, excitatory inputs could increase the degree of non-synchronous correlation between the activity of neurones in the STN leading them all to enter a high activity state. A single cell model was then developed in order to look at how this high activity state could be terminated. An interesting problem arose in the construction of this model; no known kinetics for the voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels could replicate the high frequency (500Hz) firing rates that are obtained by STN neurones. Intracellular recordings were made in vitro to investigate the mechanisms underlying high-frequency firing in the STN. Using a two-pulse protocol the speed ofrecovery from inactivation was measured giving an estimate of the inactivation characteristics of the ion channels in these neurones. These experiments showed that the neurones have very slow inactivation kinetics suggesting that STN neurones may have a much shortened refractory period, enabling high frequency firing. Such a mode of operation requires a large, fast potassium current. A potential candidate for this current is the Kv3.l potassium channel, which is strongly expressed by STN neurones.
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Hallam, Glyn P. "The neurophysiology of emotion regulation." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4732/.
Herrero, Jose Luis. "Neurophysiology and neuropharmacology of visual attention." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1166.
There is ample evidence that attention to stimuli can facilitate perception under different experimental tasks. For example, human observers are faster and more accurate at detecting an object in a visual scene when they know in advance its location, motion or colour. Previous electrophysiological studies on attentional modulation have characterized the effects of attention on firing rates and oscillatory activity. They have also studied how attention can change basic neuronal integration properties, such as the size of the classical receptive field or its summation area. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying this response modulation are not clear. In this thesis, I investigate which neurotransmitters and receptors contribute to attentional modulation in the primate brain. I use pharmacological manipulations on neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1) while monkeys perform a visual spatial attention task. The contribution of two main neuromodullatory systems, the cholinergic and glutamatergic system, to visual attention is examined. Findings reveal that the amount of attentional modulation in V1 is augmented when the cholinergic system is pharmacologically enhanced. This effect is mediated by the activation of muscarinic, but not nicotinic, receptors. Glutamatergic NMDA receptor activation also leads to enhanced attentional modulation in V1, although the effects are largely restricted to improved response reliability and less to increased response gain. We note that both attention and acetylcholine can alter basic neuronal coding, namely integration properties of V1 neurons. Our findings show that acetylcholine affects contextual integration through muscarinic receptors, while nicotinic receptors affect the gain with no changes in the integration. Additional investigations of the cholinergic (and gabaergic) mechanisms in extrastriate area (area MT) are conducted, as ACh may result in improved direction selectivity computations similar to those reported in the attention literature. It appears that acetylcholine does not increase neuronal sensitivities as measured by a sharpening in the motion--‐ direction tuning curve. Instead, it improves response reliability to optimal stimulus features. Taken together, these findings may have implications to neuromodulatory accounts of visual attention.
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Watson, Alison. "The neurophysiology of human placebo analgesia." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499914.
Baker, D. J. "The clinical neurophysiology of organophosphate poisoning." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259652.
Bramon, Bosch Elvira. "Neurophysiology of schizophrenia : a family study." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421061.
Duffy, Frank H., Vasudeva G. Iyer, and Walter W. Surwillo. "Neurophysiology." In Clinical Electroencephalography and Topographic Brain Mapping, 68–76. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8826-5_10.
Shonkwiler, Ronald W., and James Herod. "Neurophysiology." In Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics, 201–28. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-70984-0_7.
Thies, Roger, Robert J. Person, and Robert D. Foreman. "Neurophysiology." In Oklahoma Notes, 24–59. New York, NY: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-0292-6_2.
Thies, Roger, Robert J. Person, Robert W. Blair, and Robert D. Foreman. "Neurophysiology." In Oklahoma Notes, 26–71. New York, NY: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-0342-8_2.
Yeargers, Edward K., Ronald W. Shonkwiler, and James V. Herod. "Neurophysiology." In An Introduction to the Mathematics of Biology: with Computer Algebra Models, 234–63. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1095-3_8.
Anagnostou, Evdokia, Deepali Mankad, Joshua Diehl, Catherine Lord, Sarah Butler, Andrea McDuffie, Lisa Shull, et al. "Neurophysiology." In Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders, 2023–31. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1698-3_646.
Waziri, Allen E., Derek A. Taggard, and Vincent C. Traynelis. "Neurophysiology." In Tumor Neurosurgery, 3–21. London: Springer London, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-294-2_1.
Burner, Karen, and Raphael Bernier. "Neurophysiology." In Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders, 3144–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91280-6_646.
Filatov, Mikhail, Valery Eskov, Viktoriia Kozlova, and Diana Filatova. "WEAVER’S HYPOTHESIS IN NEUROPHYSIOLOGY." In XVII INTERNATIONAL INTERDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS NEUROSCIENCE FOR MEDICINE AND PSYCHOLOGY. LCC MAKS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m2366.sudak.ns2021-17/385-386.
Graziano, M., L. C. Parra, and M. Sigman. "Neurophysiology of perceived confidence." In 2010 32nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2010.5626567.
"International Conference on Neurophysiology of Silence (ICONS)." In International Conference on Neurophysiology of Silence (ICONS). Frontiers Media SA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88945-674-1.
Mavrikidi, Fedor. "MATHEMATICS AND NEUROPHYSIOLOGY OF NEUROSCIENCE." In XIX INTERNATIONAL INTERDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS NEUROSCIENCE FOR MEDICINE AND PSYCHOLOGY. LCC MAKS Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m3295.sudak.ns2023-19/182-184.
"Sensorimotor neurophysiology of active sensing [tutorial]." In 2012 IEEE Haptics Symposium (HAPTICS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/haptic.2012.6183850.
Boppart, Stephen A., Mariya Lazebnik, Claudio Vinegoni, Anupama Bowonder, Daniel L. Marks, and Rhanor Gillette. "Functional optical coherence tomography of neurophysiology." In Biomedical Topical Meeting. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/bio.2004.fc1.
Franceschini, Maria Angela. "Exploring neurophysiology using diffuse optical imaging." In Biomedical Topical Meeting. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/bio.2004.wa1.
Burgess, Richard C., Bharathi Alangar, Nan Yang, Satish Dutt, and Erest C. Jacobs. "An intelligent database system for clinical neurophysiology." In 1992 14th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1992.5761283.
Burgess, Alangar, Nan Yang, Dutt, and Jacobs. "An Intelligent Database System For Clinical Neurophysiology." In Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1992.594625.
Fusi, S., P. Del Giudice, and D. J. Amit. "Neurophysiology of a VLSI spiking neural network: LANN21." In Proceedings of the IEEE-INNS-ENNS International Joint Conference on Neural Networks. IJCNN 2000. Neural Computing: New Challenges and Perspectives for the New Millennium. IEEE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2000.861291.
Dudek, F. E. Cellular Neurophysiology of the Rat Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Electrical Properties, Neurotransmission, and Mechanisms of Synchronization. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada284111.
Tansey, Keith. The Neurophysiology of Autonomic Dysfunction in SCI: Plasticity in the Input and Output Neurons. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada623381.
Christensen, S. K. Linear Stochastic Differential Equations on the Dual of a Countably Hilbert Nuclear Space with Applications to Neurophysiology. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada159198.
Turner, Christopher W. Interactions between Neurophysiology and Psychoacoustics: Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America (117th) Held in Syracuse, New York on 22 May 1989. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada236763.
McCarron, Richard, and Anke Scultetus. Evaluation of Neurophysiologic and Systematic Changes during Aeromedical Evacuation and en Route Care of Combat Casualties in a Swine Polytrauma. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada615187.
McCarron, Richard, and Anke Scultetus. Evaluation of Neurophysiologic and Systematic Changes during Aeromedical Evacuation and en Route Care of Combat Casualties in a Swine Polytrauma Model. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada605052.
