Journal articles: 'Neuroni Mirror'

1

Frezza, Giulia. "Lo specchio della trasparenza. La metafora come strumento concettuale tra scienza e cultura e il caso dei neuroni specchio." RIVISTA SPERIMENTALE DI FRENIATRIA, no. 1 (May 2012): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/rsf2012-001008.

Full text

Abstract:

In questo articolo si esamina l'ipotesi visuo-motoria del "mirror neuron mechanism", mostrando come in essa lo "specchio" venga usato metaforicamente per dar conto di un riconoscimento immediato e trasparente dell'azione altrui. Al contrario, nell'analisi che qui viene offerta della cultura dello "specchio", all'intersezione di filosofia, letteratura e psicologia, il tema del riconoscimento dell'altro emerge come non-lineare, ma problematico e intermittente. Č proprio nella "metafora dello specchio", dunque, oggetto culturale e ordinario, che possiamo ritrovare esemplificate tali questioni che invece l'ipotesi neuroscientifica dei neuroni specchio sembrava rimuovere con il suo approccio lineare. La metafora pertanto, lungi dall'impedire intellegibilitŕ, č uno strumento epistemologico centrale per portare in luce la continua e complessa interazione fra esperienza comune, cultura e scienza.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Riccio, Maria. "Le nuove modalitŕ comunicative, il sistema dei neuroni specchio e il modello ericksoniano." IPNOSI, no. 2 (January 2013): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ipn2012-002002.

Full text

Abstract:

This article examines the main characteristics of web communication. Similarities and analogies of these new modalities of communication are underlined according to the concepts wich have emerged from the discovery of mirror neuron and with the principles of Erickson's therapy. After considering the major applications of virtual reality in medicine and especially in Psychology, with the birth of avatar-therapy, the possible therapeutic implications of these new realities are treated.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Vizzi, Alessandro. "Sull'esperienza estetica. Il sistema dei neuroni specchio e la comprensione del gesto pittorico." QUADERNI DI GESTALT, no. 2 (May 2012): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/gest2011-002012.

Full text

Abstract:

Il presente lavoro si propone come un contributo ai recenti studi che assegnano al sistema mirror e al processo di simulazione incarnata un ruolo chiave nella comprensione "empatica" delle opere d'arte visiva. Nello specifico l'ipotesi che si vuole qui corroborare č quella secondo cui le opere d'arte Segnica o Gestuale siano in grado di attivare nel fruitore una sorta di risonanza motoria nei confronti dell'artista che le ha prodotte, una comprensione implicita del gesto pittorico cristallizzato nell'oggetto artistico. I soggetti sperimentali sono stati sottoposti alla presentazione di tre categorie di immagini statiche differenti, durante la quale sono stati registrati i Potenziali Motori (MEPs) relativi ad ogni singolo stimolo evocati dall'applicazione della Stimolazione Magnetica Transcranica (TMS). Č stato rilevato un incremento specifico nell'eccitabilitŕ dei muscoli della mano dei soggetti alla vista di immagini raffiguranti pitture gestuali piuttosto che nelle altre due categorie di immagini-stimolo.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Catmur, Caroline, Rogier B. Mars, Matthew F. Rushworth, and Cecilia Heyes. "Making Mirrors: Premotor Cortex Stimulation Enhances Mirror and Counter-mirror Motor Facilitation." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 23, no. 9 (September 2011): 2352–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2010.21590.

Full text

Abstract:

Mirror neurons fire during both the performance of an action and the observation of the same action being performed by another. These neurons have been recorded in ventral premotor and inferior parietal cortex in the macaque, but human brain imaging studies suggest that areas responding to the observation and performance of actions are more widespread. We used paired-pulse TMS to test whether dorsal as well as ventral premotor cortex is involved in producing mirror motor facilitation effects. Stimulation of premotor cortex enhanced mirror motor facilitation and also enhanced the effects of counter-mirror training. No differences were found between the two premotor areas. These results support an associative account of mirror neuron properties, whereby multiple regions that process both sensory and motor information have the potential to contribute to mirror effects.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Mazurek, Kevin A., and Marc H. Schieber. "Mirror neurons precede non-mirror neurons during action execution." Journal of Neurophysiology 122, no. 6 (December 1, 2019): 2630–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00653.2019.

Full text

Abstract:

Mirror neurons are thought to represent an individual’s ability to understand the actions of others by discharging as one individual performs or observes another individual performing an action. Studies typically have focused on mirror neuron activity during action observation, examining activity during action execution primarily to validate mirror neuron involvement in the motor act. As a result, little is known about the precise role of mirror neurons during action execution. In this study, during execution of reach-grasp-manipulate movements, we found activity of mirror neurons generally preceded that of non-mirror neurons. Not only did the onset of task-related modulation occur earlier in mirror neurons, but state transitions detected by hidden Markov models also occurred earlier in mirror neuron populations. Our findings suggest that mirror neurons may be at the forefront of action execution. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Mirror neurons commonly are thought to provide a neural substrate for understanding the actions of others, but mirror neurons also are active during action execution, when additional, non-mirror neurons are active as well. Examining the timing of activity during execution of a naturalistic reach-grasp-manipulate task, we found that mirror neuron activity precedes that of non-mirror neurons at both the unit and the population level. Thus mirror neurons may be at the leading edge of action execution.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Green, Adam. "Mirror Neurons, Simulation, and Goldman." History & Philosophy of Psychology 11, no. 2 (2009): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpshpp.2009.11.2.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Mirror neurons have congruent sensory and motor functions, if not other endogenous functions. Shortly after the discovery of these neurons, Alvin Goldman argued that mirror neurons are simulators, and he has used the mirror neuron literature to support a simulation theory for how we understand the minds of other people. This use of the mirror neuron literature, however, is premature at best and confused at worst because even if it were established that mirror neurons were simulators, that would not necessarily vindicate the simulation theory of mindreading and the simulation interpretation of mirror neuron activity itself overreaches the evidence.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Antunes, Gabriela, Samuel F. Faria da Silva, and Fabio M. Simoes de Souza. "Mirror Neurons Modeled Through Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity are Affected by Channelopathies Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder." International Journal of Neural Systems 28, no. 05 (April 19, 2018): 1750058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065717500587.

Full text

Abstract:

Mirror neurons fire action potentials both when the agent performs a certain behavior and watches someone performing a similar action. Here, we present an original mirror neuron model based on the spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) between two morpho-electrical models of neocortical pyramidal neurons. Both neurons fired spontaneously with basal firing rate that follows a Poisson distribution, and the STDP between them was modeled by the triplet algorithm. Our simulation results demonstrated that STDP is sufficient for the rise of mirror neuron function between the pairs of neocortical neurons. This is a proof of concept that pairs of neocortical neurons associating sensory inputs to motor outputs could operate like mirror neurons. In addition, we used the mirror neuron model to investigate whether channelopathies associated with autism spectrum disorder could impair the modeled mirror function. Our simulation results showed that impaired hyperpolarization-activated cationic currents (Ih) affected the mirror function between the pairs of neocortical neurons coupled by STDP.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Arsyadi, Sidiq, Harmi Tursih, Tanti Dwiparwati, Muhammad Inam Attaqi, and Efni Fazriah Hutasuhut. "Mirror Neuron Dalam Pendidikan Islam." BELAJEA: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.29240/belajea.v3i2.517.

Full text

Abstract:

This study aims to develop a theory of social intelligence or mirror neurons. This study serves to determine the effect of social intelligence in various things. Especially mirror neurons in the perspective of Islamic education. Neuron mirror is a mirror brain, the intention of the mirror brain is the ability of the brain to mimic what he sees and perceives. The working of the mirror brain like Javanese philoshopy is Witing tresna Jalaran Saka Kulina which means that love comes because habitually.So,brain mirror will work to imitate something optimally if done habituation or done continuosly.Mirror neurons in the present era are widely studied because mirror neurons affect the social ability of a person. The results of this study indicate that a good social ability of a person affect the level of social intelligence. Human as social beings interact with each other in various things. Keywords: influence, social brain, mirror neuron

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Kraskov, A., R. Philipp, S. Waldert, G. Vigneswaran, M. M. Quallo, and R. N. Lemon. "Corticospinal mirror neurons." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 369, no. 1644 (June 5, 2014): 20130174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0174.

Full text

Abstract:

Here, we report the properties of neurons with mirror-like characteristics that were identified as pyramidal tract neurons (PTNs) and recorded in the ventral premotor cortex (area F5) and primary motor cortex (M1) of three macaque monkeys. We analysed the neurons’ discharge while the monkeys performed active grasp of either food or an object, and also while they observed an experimenter carrying out a similar range of grasps. A considerable proportion of tested PTNs showed clear mirror-like properties (52% F5 and 58% M1). Some PTNs exhibited ‘classical’ mirror neuron properties, increasing activity for both execution and observation, while others decreased their discharge during observation (‘suppression mirror-neurons’). These experiments not only demonstrate the existence of PTNs as mirror neurons in M1, but also reveal some interesting differences between M1 and F5 mirror PTNs. Although observation-related changes in the discharge of PTNs must reach the spinal cord and will include some direct projections to motoneurons supplying grasping muscles, there was no EMG activity in these muscles during action observation. We suggest that the mirror neuron system is involved in the withholding of unwanted movement during action observation. Mirror neurons are differentially recruited in the behaviour that switches rapidly between making your own movements and observing those of others.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Martin, Alia, and Laurie R. Santos. "Understanding the role of mirror neurons in action understanding will require more than a domain-general account." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 37, no. 2 (April 2014): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x13002409.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractCook et al. propose that mirror neurons emerge developmentally through a domain-general associative mechanism. We argue that experience-sensitivity does not rule out an adaptive or genetic argument for mirror neuron function, and that current evidence suggests that mirror neurons are more specialized than the authors' account would predict. We propose that future work integrate behavioral and neurophysiological techniques used with primates to examine the proposed functions of mirror neurons in action understanding.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Nurrohman, Afidz, and Suyadi -. "Mirror Neurons dan Konsep Uswatun Hasanah dalam Pendidikan Islam." TADRIS: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 15, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 210–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.19105/tjpi.v15i2.3924.

Full text

Abstract:

Dalam kajian neurosains terdapat bagian otak manusia yang disebut mirror neurons. Neuron ini dapat memantulkan kembali tindakan yang dilihat oleh seseorang dan membuat orang tersebut terdorong untuk menirukan dan melakukan hal yang sama. Berawal dari hal tersebut maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan teori mirror neurons dalam pendidikan Islam terutama kaitannya dengan metode uswatun hasanah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan yang menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan analisa data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif analitik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode uswatun hasanah atau keteladanan dalam pendidikan Islam memiliki pola yang sama dengan mirror neurons. Titik temu keduanya terdapat pada proses aktifitas peniruan (imitation) dan pengamatan terhadap perilaku (modeling) yang dilakukan antar individu selama proses belajar atau interaksi sosial. Mirror neurons bekerja bukan hanya pada tindakan fisik saja tetapi emosi pun dapat direspon oleh neuron ini. Konsekuensinya adalah pendidik sebagai model peniruan harus menunjukkan keteladanan dengan memperhatikan aspek tindakan, psikologi dan emosional seseorang sehingga menumbuhkan sikap empati. Empati inilah salah satu produk dari mirror neurons. Uswatun hasanah yang dilakukan secara terus menerus yang disertai dengan penguatan dapat memperkuat sambungan sirkuit di dalam otak termasuk mirror neurons, sehingga memori tidak mudah terhapus dan akan menjadi tata nilai dalam diri seseorang.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Pitts‐Taylor, Victoria. "I Feel Your Pain: Embodied Knowledges and Situated Neurons." Hypatia 28, no. 4 (2013): 852–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0887536700026544.

Full text

Abstract:

The widely touted discovery of mirror neurons has generated intense scientific interest in the neurobiology of intersubjectivity. Social neuroscientists have claimed that mirror neurons, located in brain regions associated with motor action, facial recognition, and somatosensory processing, allow us to automatically grasp other people's intentions and emotions. Despite controversies, mirror neuron research is animating materialist, affective, and embodied accounts of intersubjectivity. My view is that mirror neurons raise issues that are directly relevant to feminism and cultural studies, but interventions are needed for the work to be compatible with nonreductionist critical thought. In this article I critique the dominant neuroscientific account of mirror neurons, called embodied simulation theory. I draw from feminist epistemologies as well as alternative interpretations of mirror neurons in cognitive science and philosophy of mind to consider mirroring as situated, embodied perception.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

RIZZOLATTI, GIACOMO, and MADDALENA FABBRI DESTRO. "Understanding Actions and the Intentions of Others: The Basic Neural Mechanism." European Review 15, no. 2 (April 4, 2007): 209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798707000221.

Full text

Abstract:

In this study, we first briefly review the basic properties of a particular set of neurons that discharge both when the individuals execute a specific action and when they observe another individual doing a similar action. These neurons are called mirror neurons. We then show that mirror neurons mediate our capacity to understand actions done by others. In the second part of the study we discuss the role of the mirror mechanism in intention understanding. We conclude with a review of recent data suggesting that a deficit in the mirror neuron mechanism may underlie some aspects of autism.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Keysers, Christian, David I. Perrett, and Valeria Gazzola. "Hebbian Learning is about contingency, not contiguity, and explains the emergence of predictive mirror neurons." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 37, no. 2 (April 2014): 205–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x13002343.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractHebbian Learning should not be reduced to contiguity, as it detects contingency and causality. Hebbian Learning accounts of mirror neurons make predictions that differ from associative learning: Through Hebbian Learning, mirror neurons become dynamic networks that calculate predictions and prediction errors and relate to ideomotor theories. The social force of imitation is important for mirror neuron emergence and suggests canalization.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Kilner, James M., and Karl J. Friston. "Relating the “mirrorness” of mirror neurons to their origins." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 37, no. 2 (April 2014): 207–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x13002367.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractEver since their discovery, mirror neurons have generated much interest and debate. A commonly held view of mirror neuron function is that they transform “visual information into knowledge,” thus enabling action understanding and non-verbal social communication between con-specifics (Rizzolatti & Craighero 2004). This functionality is thought to be so important that it has been argued that mirror neurons must be a result of selective pressure.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Mehta, Bharati, and Bharti Bhandari. "The Mirror Neuron System: Basic Concepts." International Physiology 4, no. 2 (2016): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ip.2347.1506.4216.7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Guedes Neta, M. D. L., and C. Varanda. "The role of mirror neurons in autism impairment." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S374—S375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1345.

Full text

Abstract:

IntroductionThe discovery of mirror neurons, considered to be responsible for empathy, intrigued researchers all over the world. Many studies have been developed associating mirror neurons to the incidence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).ObjectiveIdentifying a possible influence of mirror neuron in autism.AimsReviewing the recent trajectory of neuroscience in relation to the connection of impaired mirror neurons in autism.MethodBibliographical review of studies in English, published in SciELO and LILACS databases, between 2008 and 2013. The keywords used were: autism, brain, cortex and mirror neuron.ResultsDifferent subjects explored the influence of mirror neurons in autism as shown below (Fig. 1). Among 17 studies, 12 were bibliographical reviews and 5 involved experiments. Seventy-six percent of the studies were favorable to the influence of these neurons, while 24% were not.ConclusionThere was a balance in the distribution of themes explored in the articles and few studies exploring the role of mirror neurons in autism. Even though the current research may not be conclusive, it can be said that currently neuroscientists tend to agree that mirror neurons significantly influence ASD. Recent studies suggest that, if properly stimulated, ASD individuals can develop their social skill and, consequently, be socially inserted. According to most author studied, technological development is needed in order to enable scientific advances involving mirror-neurons and ASD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Cook, Richard, Geoffrey Bird, Caroline Catmur, Clare Press, and Cecilia Heyes. "Mirror neurons: From origin to function." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 37, no. 2 (April 2014): 177–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x13000903.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThis article argues that mirror neurons originate in sensorimotor associative learning and therefore a new approach is needed to investigate their functions. Mirror neurons were discovered about 20 years ago in the monkey brain, and there is now evidence that they are also present in the human brain. The intriguing feature of many mirror neurons is that they fire not only when the animal is performing an action, such as grasping an object using a power grip, but also when the animal passively observes a similar action performed by another agent. It is widely believed that mirror neurons are a genetic adaptation for action understanding; that they were designed by evolution to fulfill a specific socio-cognitive function. In contrast, we argue that mirror neurons are forged by domain-general processes of associative learning in the course of individual development, and, although they may have psychological functions, they do not necessarily have a specific evolutionary purpose or adaptive function. The evidence supporting this view shows that (1) mirror neurons do not consistently encode action “goals”; (2) the contingency- and context-sensitive nature of associative learning explains the full range of mirror neuron properties; (3) human infants receive enough sensorimotor experience to support associative learning of mirror neurons (“wealth of the stimulus”); and (4) mirror neurons can be changed in radical ways by sensorimotor training. The associative account implies that reliable information about the function of mirror neurons can be obtained only by research based on developmental history, system-level theory, and careful experimentation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Ho, S. Shaun, Adam MacDonald, and James E. Swain. "Associative and sensorimotor learning for parenting involves mirror neurons under the influence of oxytocin." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 37, no. 2 (April 2014): 203–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x1300232x.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractMirror neuron–based associative learning may be understood according to associative learning theories, in addition to sensorimotor learning theories. This is important for a comprehensive understanding of the role of mirror neurons and related hormone modulators, such as oxytocin, in complex social interactions such as among parent–infant dyads and in examples of mirror neuron function that involve abnormal motor systems such as depression.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Orban, Guy A. "The mirror system in human and nonhuman primates." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 37, no. 2 (April 2014): 215–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x13002446.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe description of the mirror neuron system provided by Cook et al. is incomplete for the macaque, and incorrect for humans. This is relevant to exaptation versus associative learning as the underlying mechanism generating mirror neurons, and to the sensorimotor learning as evidence for the authors' viewpoint. The proposed additional testing of the mirror system in rodents is unrealistic.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Fabiańska, Marta, Mateusz Bosiacki, and Donata Simińska. "The role of mirror neurons in cognitive and social functioning*." Pomeranian Journal of Life Sciences 66, no. 4 (February 1, 2020): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21164/pomjlifesci.726.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Mirror neurons were accidentally discovered during research on the activity of nerve cells which was conducted by a team of Italian scientists in Parma. They observed that certain brain cells were activated when an animal performed a given activity but also when it observed a similar activity performed by someone else. The following discovery of mirror neurons in the human brain initiated a wave of experimental research which confirmed that mirror nerve cells are responsible for understanding the mental state of other humans. This process is much more complicated and important from an evolutionary point of view than it might initially seem. The activity of mirror neurons is noticeable in everyday life, during all interactions with other living beings. This is exhibited through mirroring – the reflection of emotional and epistemic mental states of others based on their behavior. We present the activities of mirror neurons and the theoretical framework of research. Finally, we discuss the results of neurological studies which have made it possible to locate and define in detail the role of the mirror neuron system in the human brain.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Ταχματζίδης, Δημήτρης, and Νίκος Μακρής. "Κατοπτρικοί νευρώνες και Γλώσσα." Psychology: the Journal of the Hellenic Psychological Society 22, no. 2 (October 15, 2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/psy_hps.23252.

Full text

Abstract:

Mirror neurons were discovered in 1992 by Giacomo Rizzolatti and his team at the Laboratory of Experimental Psychology at the University of Parma, Italy. This discovery has triggered a debate about the origins of human language by describing an evolutionary transition from gestures to vocal language. This paper presents a brief introduction to the discovery of the mirror neurons, while focusing on their contribution to human action understanding and to the emergence of the human language. It also presents a discussion regarding the existence of mirror neuronsand their functions. Under this scope, a brief criticism to mirror neuron theory and their contribution in human communication is also presented.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Brass, Marcel, and Shirley-Ann Rüschemeyer. "Mirrors in science: How mirror neurons changed cognitive neuroscience." Cortex 46, no. 1 (January 2010): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2009.04.005.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Polikanova, Irina S., Sergey V. Leonov, Yury I. Semenov, Anastasia A. Yakushina, and Victor A. Klimenko. "Psychological and Psychophysiological Mechanisms of Motor Skill Training." Sibirskiy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal, no. 82 (2021): 54–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/17267080/82/4.

Full text

Abstract:

The present review focuses on psychological and psychophysiological research in the study of motor training and the relationship of this process to the mirror neuron system underlying implicit training, or training by analogy. Our review shows that the most effective strategy for training a motor skill is a combination of physical repetition of the movement and observation of it, with the visual observation of the movement being as related as possible to the actual movement - the same environment, the movement should be congruent, the person performing the action should train the skill rather than perform it professionally. This strategy will be more effective in case of absence of any motor system impairment. In sports practice, the use of implicit training based on analogy (metaphor) for motor skill acquisition will be more effective and appropriate compared to classical implicit methods, especially in cases of motor system disorders, as well as at the older preschool and younger school ages, since the brain structures, critical for explicit training (training by instruction), finally mature by the age of 9-10. The system of mirror neurons, which includes, among others, the ventral premotor area and Broca area, is important in motor training, performing such functions as: recognition of movements, including complex polymodal actions performed by another person; it is the basis of mental representations of movements: motor representations, etc. In addition, it is involved in the recognition of action-related sentences. The mirror neuron system integrates observed actions of other people with the personal motor repertoire. The mirror neuron system underlies anticipation: the more professional are the athletes, the higher is the specialization of their mirror neuron system. The system of mirror neurons is the basis of motor training in childhood. An adult person is characterized by a wide repertoire of movements (motor archive), because during his life he gets mastered many movements and actions that are repeated many times and can be later included in mastering more complex actions. A child does not have such a wide motor repertoire; he has to master many movements from the beginning. The system of mirror neurons makes it possible to "mirror" movements similar to those in the human motor repertoire. As a child grows and develops, an archive of different motor programs and formed motor skills is accumulated. This means that children can gradually repeat, or "mirror", increasingly complex movements. Thus, the system of mirror neurons facilitates the process of purposeful movement formation in children of preschool and primary school age.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Sadovsky, Alexander J., Peter B. Kruskal, Joseph M. Kimmel, Jared Ostmeyer, Florian B. Neubauer, and Jason N. MacLean. "Heuristically optimal path scanning for high-speed multiphoton circuit imaging." Journal of Neurophysiology 106, no. 3 (September 2011): 1591–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00334.2011.

Full text

Abstract:

Population dynamics of patterned neuronal firing are fundamental to information processing in the brain. Multiphoton microscopy in combination with calcium indicator dyes allows circuit dynamics to be imaged with single-neuron resolution. However, the temporal resolution of fluorescent measures is constrained by the imaging frequency imposed by standard raster scanning techniques. As a result, traditional raster scans limit the ability to detect the relative timing of action potentials in the imaged neuronal population. To maximize the speed of fluorescence measures from large populations of neurons using a standard multiphoton laser scanning microscope (MPLSM) setup, we have developed heuristically optimal path scanning (HOPS). HOPS optimizes the laser travel path length, and thus the temporal resolution of neuronal fluorescent measures, using standard galvanometer scan mirrors. Minimizing the scan path alone is insufficient for prolonged high-speed imaging of neuronal populations. Path stability and the signal-to-noise ratio become increasingly important factors as scan rates increase. HOPS addresses this by characterizing the scan mirror galvanometers to achieve prolonged path stability. In addition, the neuronal dwell time is optimized to sharpen the detection of action potentials while maximizing scan rate. The combination of shortest path calculation and minimization of mirror positioning time allows us to optically monitor a population of neurons in a field of view at high rates with single-spike resolution, ∼125 Hz for 50 neurons and ∼8.5 Hz for 1,000 neurons. Our approach introduces an accessible method for rapid imaging of large neuronal populations using traditional MPLSMs, facilitating new insights into neuronal circuit dynamics.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Kilner, J. M., A. Kraskov, and R. N. Lemon. "Do monkey F5 mirror neurons show changes in firing rate during repeated observation of natural actions?" Journal of Neurophysiology 111, no. 6 (March 15, 2014): 1214–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01102.2012.

Full text

Abstract:

Mirror neurons were first discovered in area F5 of macaque monkeys. In humans, noninvasive studies have demonstrated an increased blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal in homologous motor areas during action observation. One approach to demonstrating that this indicates the existence of mirror neurons in humans has been to employ functional (f)MRI adaptation to test whether the same population of neurons is active during both observation and execution conditions. Although a number of human studies have reported fMRI adaptation in these areas, a recent study has shown that macaque mirror neurons do not attenuate their firing rate with two repetitions. Here we investigated whether mirror neurons modulate their firing rate when monkeys observed the same repeated natural action multiple times. We recorded from 67 mirror neurons in area F5 of two macaque monkeys while they observed an experimenter perform a reach-to-grasp action on a small food reward using a precision grip. Although no changes were detectable for the first two repetitions, we show that both the firing rate and the latency at which mirror neurons discharged during observation were subtly modulated by the repetition of the observed action over 7–10 trials. Significant adaption was mostly found in the period immediately before the grasp was performed. We also found that the local field potential activity in F5 (beta-frequency range, 16–23 Hz), which is attenuated during action observation, also showed systematic changes with repeated observation. These LFP changes occurred well in advance of the mirror neuron adaptation. We conclude that macaque mirror neurons can show intra-modal adaptation, but whether this is related to fMRI adaptation of the BOLD signal requires further investigation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Krabóth, Zoltán, and Bernadette Kálmán. "Neuroscience highlights : The mirror inside our brain." Ideggyógyászati szemle 74, no. 1-2 (2021): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18071/isz.74.0007.

Full text

Abstract:

Over the second half of the 19th century, numerous theories arose concerning mechanisms involved in understanding of action, imitative learning, language development and theory of mind. These explorations gained new momentum with the discovery of the so called “mirror neurons”. Rizzolatti’s work inspired large groups of scientists seeking explanation in a new and hitherto unexplored area of how we perceive and understand the actions and intentions of others, how we learn through imitation to help our own survival, and what mechanisms have helped us to develop a unique human trait, language. Numerous studies have addressed these questions over the years, gathering information about mirror neurons themselves, their subtypes, the different brain areas involved in the mirror neuron system, their role in the above mentioned mechanisms, and the varying consequences of their dysfunction in human life. In this short review, we summarize the most important theories and discoveries that argue for the existence of the mirror neuron system, and its essential function in normal human life or some pathological conditions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Rizzolatti, Giacomo, and Leonardo Fogassi. "The mirror mechanism: recent findings and perspectives." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 369, no. 1644 (June 5, 2014): 20130420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0420.

Full text

Abstract:

Mirror neurons are a specific type of visuomotor neuron that discharge both when a monkey executes a motor act and when it observes a similar motor act performed by another individual. In this article, we review first the basic properties of these neurons. We then describe visual features recently investigated which indicate that, besides encoding the goal of motor acts, mirror neurons are modulated by location in space of the observed motor acts, by the perspective from which the others’ motor acts are seen, and by the value associated with the object on which others’ motor acts are performed. In the last part of this article, we discuss the role of the mirror mechanism in planning actions and in understanding the intention underlying the others’ motor acts. We also review some human studies suggesting that motor intention in humans may rely, as in the monkey, on the mirror mechanism.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Catmur, Caroline, Clare Press, Richard Cook, Geoffrey Bird, and Cecilia Heyes. "Mirror neurons: Tests and testability." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 37, no. 2 (April 2014): 221–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x13002793.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractCommentators have tended to focus on the conceptual framework of our article, the contrast between genetic and associative accounts of mirror neurons, and to challenge it with additional possibilities rather than empirical data. This makes the empirically focused comments especially valuable. The mirror neuron debate is replete with ideas; what it needs now are system-level theories and careful experiments – tests and testability.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Schad, Jahan N. "Mirror neuron: a beautiful unnecessary concept." Journal of Neurology & Stroke 11, no. 6 (December 8, 2021): 172–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jnsk.2021.11.00481.

Full text

Abstract:

Mirror neurons theory, which had been put forward in the eighties based on the results of cognitive research experiments on the macaque monkeys, has prima facie been further validated by the extensive cognitive neurosciences investigations of primates and humans, over the past three decades. The concept was initially prompted by the fact that the brain activity patterns of the subjects were nearly similar, whether the activity was performed or observed by them. And presently, learning of various natures and empathy, and perhaps some aspects of survival, are ascribed to the operations of this class of neurons. Obviously the added complexity on the already complex field of neurosciences cannot be underestimated; and of course there are opponents of the theory, and some profound questions have been raised. Present work, though also in opposition, is based on completely different ground: the fact that the ingenious and grand efforts of the proponents of the theory can be explicated in the realm of the established neural structure of the brain and its computational operations. This possibility is based on the recent discovery of the tactile nature of the vision sensation. Ironically all the results, which form the basis of the mirror neuron concept, also serve to provide the conceptual proof of the new vision theory, which preempts any need for the introduction of the new class of neurons. The vision theory, partially validated through the efforts of the development of the tactile vision substitution systems (TVSS) and ironically also by some to the point mirror neuron experimental works, are sufficient to explain the processes behind empathy, learning and perhaps other mental phenomena; and as such, the need for presumption of additional class of neurons is dispelled. The mental phenomena, which rendered the claim of the mirror neurons, are simply the consequence of subjects beings variably touched by the state of the living environment, through the coherent tactile operation of all senses (four already known as having tactile nature); eyes having the most prominent role: It is the brain’s response (the computations outputs) as motor cortex activity,-- subsequent to the discernment of the streaming massive tactile input data, to appropriately coordinate the observer’s perceived (tactile) engagement, conditioned by the her mental intentional stance sourced in the brain’s protocols (acquired neural patterns)--which is misinterpreted as the evidence for the conceptualization of the mirror neuron.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Krogh-Jespersen, Sheila, Courtney Filippi, and Amanda L. Woodward. "A developmental perspective on action and social cognition." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 37, no. 2 (April 2014): 208–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x13002379.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe target article argues that developmental processes are key to understanding the mirror neuron system, yet neglects several bodies of developmental research that are informative for doing so. Infants' actions and action understanding are structured by goals, and the former lends structure to the latter. Evaluating the origins and functions of mirror neurons depends on integrating investigations of neural, social-cognitive and motor development.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Bretas, Rafael, Miki Taoka, Sayaka Hihara, Axel Cleeremans, and Atsushi Iriki. "Neural Evidence of Mirror Self-Recognition in the Secondary Somatosensory Cortex of Macaque: Observations from a Single-Cell Recording Experiment and Implications for Consciousness." Brain Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 25, 2021): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11020157.

Full text

Abstract:

Despite mirror self-recognition being regarded as a classical indication of self-awareness, little is known about its neural underpinnings. An increasing body of evidence pointing to a role of multimodal somatosensory neurons in self-recognition guided our investigation toward the secondary somatosensory cortex (SII), as we observed single-neuron activity from a macaque monkey sitting in front of a mirror. The monkey was previously habituated to the mirror, successfully acquiring the ability of mirror self-recognition. While the monkey underwent visual and somatosensory stimulation, multimodal visual and somatosensory activity was detected in the SII, with neurons found to respond to stimuli seen through the mirror. Responses were also modulated by self-related or non-self-related stimuli. These observations corroborate that vision is an important aspect of SII activity, with electrophysiological evidence of mirror self-recognition at the neuronal level, even when such an ability is not innate. We also show that the SII may be involved in distinguishing self and non-self. Together, these results point to the involvement of the SII in the establishment of bodily self-consciousness.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Guenther, Katja. "‘It’s All Done With Mirrors’: V.S. Ramachandran and the Material Culture of Phantom Limb Research." Medical History 60, no. 3 (June 13, 2016): 342–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2016.27.

Full text

Abstract:

This article examines the material culture of neuroscientist Vilayanur S. Ramachandran’s research into phantom limbs. In the 1990s Ramachandran used a ‘mirror box’ to ‘resurrect’ phantom limbs and thus to treat the pain that often accompanied them. The experimental success of his mirror therapy led Ramachandran to see mirrors as a useful model of brain function, a tendency that explains his attraction to work on ‘mirror neurons’. I argue that Ramachandran’s fascination with and repeated appeal to the mirror can be explained by the way it allowed him to confront a perennial problem in the mind and brain sciences, that of the relationship between a supposedly immaterial mind and a material brain. By producing what Ramachandran called a ‘virtual reality’, relating in varied and complex ways to the material world, the mirror reproduced a form of psycho-physical parallelism and dualistic ontology, while conforming to the materialist norms of neuroscience today.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Lee, Sang-Kyung, Jun-Yeup Kim, Seung-Min Park, Kwang-Enu Ko, and Kwee-Bo Sim. "Development of Mirror Neuron System-based BCI System using Steady-State Visually Evoked Potentials." Journal of Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems 22, no. 1 (February 25, 2012): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5391/jkiis.2012.22.1.62.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Dreyer, Alexander M., and Jochem W. Rieger. "High-gamma mirror activity patterns in the human brain during reach-to-grasp movement observation, retention, and execution—An MEG study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 12 (December 2, 2021): e0260304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260304.

Full text

Abstract:

While the existence of a human mirror neuron system is evident, the involved brain areas and their exact functional roles remain under scientific debate. A number of functionally different mirror neuron types, neurons that selectively respond to specific grasp phases and types for example, have been reported with single cell recordings in monkeys. In humans, spatially limited, intracranially recorded electrophysiological signals in the high-gamma (HG) range have been used to investigate the human mirror system, as they are associated with spiking activity in single neurons. Our goal here is to complement previous intracranial HG studies by using magnetoencephalography to record HG activity simultaneously from the whole head. Participants performed a natural reach-to-grasp movement observation and delayed imitation task with different everyday objects and grasp types. This allowed us to characterize the spatial organization of cortical areas that show HG-activation modulation during movement observation (mirroring), retention (mnemonic mirroring), and execution (motor control). Our results show mirroring related HG modulation patterns over bilateral occipito-parietal as well as sensorimotor areas. In addition, we found mnemonic mirroring related HG modulation over contra-lateral fronto-temporal areas. These results provide a foundation for further human mirror system research as well as possible target areas for brain-computer interface and neurorehabilitation approaches.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Marshall, J. "Mirror neurons." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111, no. 18 (May 6, 2014): 6531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1404652111.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Rizzolatti, Giacomo, and Maddalena Destro. "Mirror neurons." Scholarpedia 3, no. 1 (2008): 2055. http://dx.doi.org/10.4249/scholarpedia.2055.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Keysers, Christian. "Mirror neurons." Current Biology 19, no. 21 (November 2009): R971—R973. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2009.08.026.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

А.А., Пальцын,, and Свиридкина, Н.Б. "Mirror neurons." Nauchno-prakticheskii zhurnal «Patogenez», no. 4 (December 19, 2022): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.25557/2310-0435.2022.04.93-98.

Full text

Abstract:

Представление о зеркальных нейронах было создано и разработано в начале 21 века группой итальянских врачей под руководством Джакомо Риззолатти. Так они стали называть нейроны, которые возбуждались не физическим движением, а наблюдением физического движения или даже размышлениями о движении. За способность ментального отражения физического движения нейроны стали называть зеркальными. Физическое движение - лучший способ избавлять людей от множества двигательных расстройств: травматология, инсульт, болезнь Паркинсона, детский церебральный паралич и др. Главный лечебный фактор при этих болезнях - движение, но оно затруднено или невозможно. Знания о зеркальных нейронах облегчают ситуацию. На них основывается идея и практика использования зеркальности наоборот - применяются когнитивные образы движения для восстановления нарушенных двигательных способностей. Сегодня есть много свидетельств успешности этого направления. The idea of mirror neurons was created and developed at the beginning of the 21st century by a group of Italian physicians headed by Giacomo Rizzolatti. This is how they began calling the neurons that were excited not by a physical movement but by observing a physical movement or even thinking about it. For the ability to mentally reflect physical movements, these neurons were named mirror neurons. Physical movement is the best way to relieve people from many motor disorders, such as traumas, stroke, Parkinson’s disease, cerebral palsy, etc. The main therapeutic factor in these diseases is movement, but it is difficult or impossible. Knowledge about mirror neurons makes things easier. The idea and practice of using the reverse specularity is based on the mirror neurons; cognitive images of movement are used to restore impaired motor abilities. Today there is a lot of evidence for success of this trend.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Lebreton, Christian, Damien Richard, and Helene Cristini. "Mimetic desire and mirror neurons: the consciousness of workplace bullying." Problems and Perspectives in Management 17, no. 1 (February 21, 2019): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.17(1).2019.10.

Full text

Abstract:

Workplace bullying is important to business and government, because it has a real impact on unfortunate casualties’ wellbeing and organizations’ benefits. Studies into the causes and outcomes of workplace bullying with a focus on the key psychodynamic factors underlying harassment and the subsequent results are rare. This paper applies Rene Girard’s mimetic desire theory to clarify the elements and non-cognizant components associated with “interdividual” connections prompting aggression for the victim by the harasser. The disclosure of mirror neurons affirms that mimetic desire grows unwittingly through a mediator of the mimetic brain. Mimetic desire theory helps to recognize and understand that the destructive patterns of behavior and emotional responses to situations leading to moral harassment is a direct consequence of the mimetic rivalry between the bully and the victim. The unconscious mechanism is then brought up to the consciousness. The bully and the victim can avoid becoming entrapped within dysfunctional and toxic relationships such as bullying. The use of the mimetic desire concepts also enables human resources managers, bystanders, and practitioners to better deal with protagonists. This can help minimize or eliminate workplace bullying.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Zuberbühler, Klaus. "Acquired mirroring and intentional communication in primates." Language and Cognition 5, no. 2-3 (September 2013): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/langcog-2013-0008.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractArbib offers a coherent proposal of how the brain has evolved to become language-capable. Integral to the argument are mirror neurons, cells discovered in macaque brains with interesting firing patterns, and studies on gestural communication of great apes. Here, I first discuss some complexities of the recent mirror neuron literature, which suggest that ‘mirroring’ may be an ontogenetically acquired, not an evolved, feature of neurons. Second, it is now clear that chimpanzee vocal behaviour is strongly mediated by social variables, and that individuals can use vocalisations to persuade and inform others, facts that have implications for gestural theories of language evolution. I conclude with discussing research most needed for making progress in understanding how human language has evolved.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Uithol, Sebo, Iris van Rooij, Harold Bekkering, and Pim Haselager. "What do mirror neurons mirror?" Philosophical Psychology 24, no. 5 (June 6, 2011): 607–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09515089.2011.562604.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Ferrari, Pier Francesco, Stefano Rozzi, and Leonardo Fogassi. "Mirror Neurons Responding to Observation of Actions Made with Tools in Monkey Ventral Premotor Cortex." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 17, no. 2 (February 2005): 212–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/0898929053124910.

Full text

Abstract:

In the present study, we describe a new type of visuomotor neurons, named tool-responding mirror neurons, which are found in the lateral sector of monkey ventral premotor area F5. Tool-responding mirror neurons discharge when the monkey observes actions performed by an experimenter with a tool (a stick or a pair of pliers). This response is stronger than that obtained when the monkey observes a similar action made with a biological effector (the hand or the mouth). These neurons respond also when the monkey executes actions with both the hand and the mouth. The visual and the motor responses of each neuron are congruent in that they share the same general goal, that is, taking possession of an object and modifying its state. It is hypothesized that after a relatively long visual exposure to tool actions, a visual association between the hand and the tool is created, so that the tool becomes as a kind of prolongation of the hand. We propose that tool-responding mirror neurons enable the observing monkey to extend action-understanding capacity to actions that do not strictly correspond to its motor representations. Our findings support the notion that the motor cortex plays a crucial role in understanding action goals.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Curran, William, and Catherine Lynn. "Monkey and humans exhibit similar motion-processing mechanisms." Biology Letters 5, no. 6 (July 22, 2009): 743–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0407.

Full text

Abstract:

Single cell recording studies have resulted in a detailed understanding of motion-sensitive neurons in non-human primate visual cortex. However, it is not known to what extent response properties of motion-sensitive neurons in the non-human primate brain mirror response characteristics of motion-sensitive neurons in the human brain. Using a motion adaptation paradigm, the direction aftereffect, we show that changes in the activity of human motion-sensitive neurons to moving dot patterns that differ in dot density bear a strong resemblance to data from macaque monkey. We also show a division-like inhibition between neural populations tuned to opposite directions, which also mirrors neural-inhibitory behaviour in macaque. These findings strongly suggest that motion-sensitive neurons in human and non-human primates share common response and inhibitory characteristics.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Linkovski, Omer, Naama Katzin, and Moti Salti. "Mirror Neurons and Mirror-Touch Synesthesia." Neuroscientist 23, no. 2 (July 8, 2016): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073858416652079.

Full text

Abstract:

Since mirror neurons were introduced to the neuroscientific community more than 20 years ago, they have become an elegant and intuitive account for different cognitive mechanisms (e.g., empathy, goal understanding) and conditions (e.g., autism spectrum disorders). Recently, mirror neurons were suggested to be the mechanism underlying a specific type of synesthesia. Mirror-touch synesthesia is a phenomenon in which individuals experience somatosensory sensations when seeing someone else being touched. Appealing as it is, careful delineation is required when applying this mechanism. Using the mirror-touch synesthesia case, we put forward theoretical and methodological issues that should be addressed before relying on the mirror-neurons account.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Metta, Giorgio, Giulio Sandini, Lorenzo Natale, Laila Craighero, and Luciano Fadiga. "Understanding mirror neurons." Epigenetic robotics 7, no. 2 (June 29, 2006): 197–232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.7.2.06met.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper reports about our investigation on action understanding in the brain. We review recent results of the neurophysiology of the mirror system in the monkey. Based on these observations we propose a model of this brain system which is responsible for action recognition. The link between object affordances and action understanding is considered. To support our hypothesis we describe two experiments where some aspects of the model have been implemented. In the first experiment an action recognition system is trained by using data recorded from human movements. In the second experiment, the model is partially implemented on a humanoid robot which learns to mimic simple actions performed by a human subject on different objects. These experiments show that motor information can have a significant role in action interpretation and that a mirror-like representation can be developed autonomously as a result of the interaction between an individual and the environment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Kennaway, Richard. "Neurons mirror what?" New Scientist 198, no. 2657 (May 2008): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(08)61280-4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Prosser, Jonathan. "Neurons mirror what?" New Scientist 198, no. 2657 (May 2008): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(08)61291-9.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Heyes, Cecilia. "Mesmerising mirror neurons." NeuroImage 51, no. 2 (June 2010): 789–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.02.034.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Schulte-Rüther, Martin, Hans J. Markowitsch, Gereon R. Fink, and Martina Piefke. "Mirror Neuron and Theory of Mind Mechanisms Involved in Face-to-Face Interactions: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Approach to Empathy." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 19, no. 8 (August 2007): 1354–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2007.19.8.1354.

Full text

Abstract:

Empathy allows emotional psychological inference about other person's mental states and feelings in social contexts. We aimed at specifying the common and differential neural mechanisms of “self”- and “other”-related attribution of emotional states using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. Subjects viewed faces expressing emotions with direct or averted gaze and either focused on their own emotional response to each face (self-task) or evaluated the emotional state expressed by the face (other-task). The common network activated by both tasks included the left lateral orbito-frontal and medial prefrontal cortices (MPFC), bilateral inferior frontal cortices, superior temporal sulci and temporal poles, as well as the right cerebellum. In a subset of these regions, neural activity was significantly correlated with empathic abilities. The self- (relative to the other-) task differentially activated the MPFC, the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC)/precuneus, and the temporo-parietal junction bilaterally. Empathy-related processing of emotional facial expressions recruited brain areas involved in mirror neuron and theory-of-mind (ToM) mechanisms. The differential engagement of the MPFC, the PCC/precuneus, and temporo-parietal regions in the self-task indicates that these structures act as key players in the evaluation of one's own emotional state during empathic face-to-face interaction. Activation of mirror neurons in a task relying on empathic abilities without explicit task-related motor components supports the view that mirror neurons are not only involved in motor cognition but also in emotional interpersonal cognition. An interplay between ToM and mirror neuron mechanisms may hold for the maintenance of a self-other distinction during empathic interpersonal face-to-face interactions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Neuroni Mirror'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles