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Journal articles on the topic 'Neuron visual response study'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

HUGUES, ETIENNE, and JORGE V. JOSÉ. "STIMULUS COMPETITION IN ATTENTION: A NEURAL MODEL OF VISUAL CORTEX AREA V4." International Journal of Modern Physics E 17, no. 05 (2008): 915–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301308010258.

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When a monkey is presented simultaneously two stimuli in the receptive field of a neuron in the visual cortex area V4, the neuron firing rate response is intermediate between the neuron response when both stimuli are presented alone. This phenomenon is called stimulus competition. To study its basic underlying neural mechanisms, we calculate the neuron firing rate response to different stimulus configurations. We find that stimulus competition can arise from the neuron's response properties alone, but only for a limited set of stimulus pair parameters. Furthermore, network properties may be im

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2

Richmond, B. J., and L. M. Optican. "Temporal encoding of two-dimensional patterns by single units in primate primary visual cortex. II. Information transmission." Journal of Neurophysiology 64, no. 2 (1990): 370–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1990.64.2.370.

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1. Previously, we studied how picture information was processed by neurons in inferior temporal cortex. We found that responses varying in both response strength and temporal waveform carried information about briefly flashed stationary black-and-white patterns. Now, we have applied that same paradigm to the study of striate cortical neurons. 2. In this approach the responses to a set of basic black and white pictures were quantified through use of a set of basic waveforms, the principal components (extracted from all the responses of each neuron). We found that the first principal component,

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Allman, Brian L., and M. Alex Meredith. "Multisensory Processing in “Unimodal” Neurons: Cross-Modal Subthreshold Auditory Effects in Cat Extrastriate Visual Cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 98, no. 1 (2007): 545–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00173.2007.

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Historically, the study of multisensory processing has examined the function of the definitive neuron type, the bimodal neuron. These neurons are excited by inputs from more than one sensory modality, and when multisensory stimuli are present, they can integrate their responses in a predictable manner. However, recent studies have revealed that multisensory processing in the cortex is not restricted to bimodal neurons. The present investigation sought to examine the potential for multisensory processing in nonbimodal (unimodal) neurons in the retinotopically organized posterolateral lateral su

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Gharat, Amol, and Curtis L. Baker. "Motion-defined contour processing in the early visual cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 108, no. 5 (2012): 1228–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00840.2011.

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From our daily experience, it is very clear that relative motion cues can contribute to correctly identifying object boundaries and perceiving depth. Motion-defined contours are not only generated by the motion of objects in a scene but also by the movement of an observer's head and body (motion parallax). However, the neural mechanism involved in detecting these contours is still unknown. To explore this mechanism, we extracellularly recorded visual responses of area 18 neurons in anesthetized and paralyzed cats. The goal of this study was to determine if motion-defined contours could be dete

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Wang, Xiao-Jing, Yinghui Liu, Maria V. Sanchez-Vives, and David A. McCormick. "Adaptation and Temporal Decorrelation by Single Neurons in the Primary Visual Cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 89, no. 6 (2003): 3279–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00242.2003.

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Limiting redundancy in the real-world sensory inputs is of obvious benefit for efficient neural coding, but little is known about how this may be accomplished by biophysical neural mechanisms. One possible cellular mechanism is through adaptation to relatively constant inputs. Recent investigations in primary visual (V1) cortical neurons have demonstrated that adaptation to prolonged changes in stimulus contrast is mediated in part through intrinsic ionic currents, a Ca2+-activated K+ current ( IKCa) and especially a Na+-activated K+ current ( IKNa). The present study was designed to test the

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Carandini, Matteo, Horace B. Barlow, Lawrence P. O'keefe, Allen B. Poirson, and J. Anthony Movshon. "Adaptation to contingencies in macaque primary visual cortex." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 352, no. 1358 (1997): 1149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1997.0098.

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We tested the hypothesis that neurons in the primary visual cortex adapt selectively to contingencies in the attributes of visual stimuli. We recorded from single neurons in macaque V1 and measured the effects of adaptation either to the sum of two gratings (compound stimulus) or to the individual gratings. According to our hypothesis, there would be a component of adaptation that is specific to the compound stimulus. In a first series of experiments, the two gratings differed in orientation. One grating had optimal orientation and the other was orthogonal to it, and therefore did not activate

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Carlson, Synnöve, Pia Rämä, Heikki Tanila, Ilkka Linnankoski, and Heikki Mansikka. "Dissociation of Mnemonic Coding and Other Functional Neuronal Processing in the Monkey Prefrontal Cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 77, no. 2 (1997): 761–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.77.2.761.

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Carlson, Synnöve, Pia Rämä, Heikki Tanila, Ilkka Linnankoski, and Heikki Mansikka. Dissociation of mnemonic coding and other functional neuronal processing in the monkey prefrontal cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 761–774, 1997. Single-neuron activity was recorded in the prefrontal cortex of three monkeys during the performance of a spatial delayed alternation (DA) task and during the presentation of a variety of visual, auditory, and somatosensory stimuli. The aim was to study the relationship between mnemonic neuronal processing and other functional neuronal responsiveness at the single-neuron l

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8

Yang, Jin, and Stephen G. Lisberger. "Relationship Between Adapted Neural Population Responses in MT and Motion Adaptation in Speed and Direction of Smooth-Pursuit Eye Movements." Journal of Neurophysiology 101, no. 5 (2009): 2693–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00061.2009.

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We have asked how sensory adaptation is represented in the response of a population of visual motion neurons and whether the neural adaptation could drive behavioral adaptation. Our approach was to evaluate the effects of about 10 s of motion adaptation on both smooth-pursuit eye movements and the responses of neuron populations in extrastriate middle temporal visual area (MT) in awake monkeys. Stimuli for neural recordings consisted of patches of 100% correlated dot textures. There was a wide range of effects across neurons, but on average adaptation reduced the amplitude and width of the dir

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9

GEISLER, WILSON S., DUANE G. ALBRECHT, ALISON M. CRANE, and LAWRENCE STERN. "Motion direction signals in the primary visual cortex of cat and monkey." Visual Neuroscience 18, no. 4 (2001): 501–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523801184014.

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When an image feature moves with sufficient speed it should become smeared across space, due to temporal integration in the visual system, effectively creating a spatial motion pattern that is oriented in the direction of the motion. Recent psychophysical evidence shows that such “motion streak signals” exist in the human visual system. In this study, we report neurophysiological evidence that these motion streak signals also exist in the primary visual cortex of cat and monkey. Single neuron responses were recorded for two kinds of moving stimuli: single spots presented at different velocitie

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10

Kawano, K., M. Shidara, and S. Yamane. "Neural activity in dorsolateral pontine nucleus of alert monkey during ocular following responses." Journal of Neurophysiology 67, no. 3 (1992): 680–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1992.67.3.680.

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1. Movements of the visual scene evoke short-latency ocular following responses. To study the neural mediation of the ocular following responses, we investigated neurons in the dorsolateral pontine nucleus (DLPN) of behaving monkeys. The neurons discharged during brief, sudden movements of a large-field visual stimulus, eliciting ocular following. Most of them (100/112) responded to movements of a large-field visual stimulus with directional selectivity. 2. Response amplitude was measured in two components of the neural response: an initial transient component and a late sustained component. M

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Tamura, Hiroshi, Hidekazu Kaneko, Keisuke Kawasaki, and Ichiro Fujita. "Presumed Inhibitory Neurons in the Macaque Inferior Temporal Cortex: Visual Response Properties and Functional Interactions With Adjacent Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 91, no. 6 (2004): 2782–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01267.2003.

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Neurons in area TE of the monkey inferior temporal cortex respond selectively to images of particular objects or their characteristic visual features. The mechanism of generation of the stimulus selectivity, however, is largely unknown. This study addresses the role of inhibitory TE neurons in this process by examining their visual response properties and interactions with adjacent target neurons. We applied cross-correlation analysis to spike trains simultaneously recorded from pairs of adjacent neurons in anesthetized macaques. Neurons whose activity preceded a decrease in activity from thei

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Rollenhagen, Julianne E., and Carl R. Olson. "Low-Frequency Oscillations Arising From Competitive Interactions Between Visual Stimuli in Macaque Inferotemporal Cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 94, no. 5 (2005): 3368–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00158.2005.

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Some neurons in the inferotemporal cortex (IT) of the macaque monkey respond to visual stimuli by firing action potentials in a series of sharply defined bursts at a frequency of about 5 Hz. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that the oscillatory responses of these neurons depend on competitive interactions with other neurons selective for different stimuli. To test this hypothesis, we monitored responses to probe images displayed in the presence of other already visible backdrop images. Two stimuli were used in testing each neuron: a foveal image that, when displayed alon

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Sadeh, Sadra, and Claudia Clopath. "Theory of neuronal perturbome in cortical networks." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 43 (2020): 26966–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2004568117.

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To unravel the functional properties of the brain, we need to untangle how neurons interact with each other and coordinate in large-scale recurrent networks. One way to address this question is to measure the functional influence of individual neurons on each other by perturbing them in vivo. Application of such single-neuron perturbations in mouse visual cortex has recently revealed feature-specific suppression between excitatory neurons, despite the presence of highly specific excitatory connectivity, which was deemed to underlie feature-specific amplification. Here, we studied which connect

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Acar, Katerina, Lynne Kiorpes, J. Anthony Movshon, and Matthew A. Smith. "Altered functional interactions between neurons in primary visual cortex of macaque monkeys with experimental amblyopia." Journal of Neurophysiology 122, no. 6 (2019): 2243–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00232.2019.

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Amblyopia, a disorder in which vision through one of the eyes is degraded, arises because of defective processing of information by the visual system. Amblyopia often develops in humans after early misalignment of the eyes (strabismus) and can be simulated in macaque monkeys by artificially inducing strabismus. In such amblyopic animals, single-unit responses in primary visual cortex (V1) are appreciably reduced when evoked by the amblyopic eye compared with the other (fellow) eye. However, this degradation in single V1 neuron responsivity is not commensurate with the marked losses in visual s

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Ferrari, Pier Francesco, Stefano Rozzi, and Leonardo Fogassi. "Mirror Neurons Responding to Observation of Actions Made with Tools in Monkey Ventral Premotor Cortex." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 17, no. 2 (2005): 212–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/0898929053124910.

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In the present study, we describe a new type of visuomotor neurons, named tool-responding mirror neurons, which are found in the lateral sector of monkey ventral premotor area F5. Tool-responding mirror neurons discharge when the monkey observes actions performed by an experimenter with a tool (a stick or a pair of pliers). This response is stronger than that obtained when the monkey observes a similar action made with a biological effector (the hand or the mouth). These neurons respond also when the monkey executes actions with both the hand and the mouth. The visual and the motor responses o

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Peterson, Matthew R., Baowang Li, and Ralph D. Freeman. "Direction Selectivity of Neurons in the Striate Cortex Increases as Stimulus Contrast Is Decreased." Journal of Neurophysiology 95, no. 4 (2006): 2705–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00885.2005.

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Various properties of external scenes are integrated during the transmission of information along central visual pathways. One basic property concerns the sensitivity to direction of a moving stimulus. This direction selectivity (DS) is a fundamental response characteristic of neurons in the visual cortex. We have conducted a neurophysiological study of cells in the visual cortex to determine how DS is affected by changes in stimulus contrast. Previous work shows that a neuron integration time is increased at low contrasts, causing temporal changes of response properties. This leads to the pre

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Yoshioka, Takashi, Jonathan B. Levitt, and Jennifer S. Lund. "Independence and merger of thalamocortical channels within macaque monkey primary visual cortex: Anatomy of interlaminar projections." Visual Neuroscience 11, no. 3 (1994): 467–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800002406.

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AbstractAn important issue in understanding the function of primary visual cortex in the macaque monkey is how the several efferent neuron groups projecting to extrastriate cortex acquire their different response properties. To assist our understanding of this issue, we have compared the anatomical distribution of VI intrinsic relays that carry information derived from magno- (M) and parvocellular (P) divisions of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus between thalamic recipient neurons and interareal efferent neuron groups within area VI. We used small, iontophoretic injections of biocytin pla

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Kozlov, Andrei S., and Timothy Q. Gentner. "Central auditory neurons display flexible feature recombination functions." Journal of Neurophysiology 111, no. 6 (2014): 1183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00637.2013.

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Recognition of natural stimuli requires a combination of selectivity and invariance. Classical neurobiological models achieve selectivity and invariance, respectively, by assigning to each cortical neuron either a computation equivalent to the logical “AND” or a computation equivalent to the logical “OR.” One powerful OR-like operation is the MAX function, which computes the maximum over input activities. The MAX function is frequently employed in computer vision to achieve invariance and considered a key operation in visual cortex. Here we explore the computations for selectivity and invarian

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Lu, Shao-Ming, William Guido, and S. Murray Sherman. "The brain-stem parabrachial region controls mode of response to visual stimulation of neurons in the cat’s lateral geniculate nucleus." Visual Neuroscience 10, no. 4 (1993): 631–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800005332.

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AbstractWe recorded the responses of neurons from the cat’s lateral geniculate nucleus to drifting sine-wave grating stimuli both before and during electrical stimulation of the parabrachial region of the midbrain. The parabrachial region provides a mostly cholinergic input to the lateral geniculate nucleus, and our goal was to study its effect on responses of geniculate cells to visual stimulation. Geniculate neurons respond to visual stimuli in one of two modes. At relatively hyperpolarized membrane potentials, low threshold (LT) Ca2+ spikes are activated, leading to high-frequency burst dis

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Sakura, Midori, Dimitrios Lambrinos, and Thomas Labhart. "Polarized Skylight Navigation in Insects: Model and Electrophysiology of e-Vector Coding by Neurons in the Central Complex." Journal of Neurophysiology 99, no. 2 (2008): 667–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00784.2007.

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Many insects exploit skylight polarization for visual compass orientation or course control. As found in crickets, the peripheral visual system (optic lobe) contains three types of polarization-sensitive neurons (POL neurons), which are tuned to different (∼60° diverging) e-vector orientations. Thus each e-vector orientation elicits a specific combination of activities among the POL neurons coding any e-vector orientation by just three neural signals. In this study, we hypothesize that in the presumed orientation center of the brain (central complex) e-vector orientation is population-coded by

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21

Recanzone, G. H., R. H. Wurtz, and U. Schwarz. "Responses of MT and MST Neurons to One and Two Moving Objects in the Receptive Field." Journal of Neurophysiology 78, no. 6 (1997): 2904–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.78.6.2904.

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Recanzone, G. H., R. H. Wurtz, and U. Schwarz. Responses of MT and MST neurons to one and two moving objects in the receptive field. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 2904–2915, 1997. To test the effects of complex visual motion stimuli on the responses of single neurons in the middle temporal visual area (MT) and the medial superior temporal area (MST) of the macaque monkey, we compared the response elicited by one object in motion through the receptive field with the response of two simultaneously presented objects moving in different directions through the receptive field. There was an increased respons

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Richmond, B. J., L. M. Optican, and H. Spitzer. "Temporal encoding of two-dimensional patterns by single units in primate primary visual cortex. I. Stimulus-response relations." Journal of Neurophysiology 64, no. 2 (1990): 351–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1990.64.2.351.

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1. Previously we developed a new approach for investigating visual system neuronal activity in which single neurons are considered to be communication channels transmitting stimulus-dependent codes in their responses. Application of this approach to the stimulus-response relations of inferior temporal (IT) neurons showed that these carry stimulus-dependent information in the temporal modulation as well as in the strength of their responses. IT cortex is a late station in the visual processing stream. Presumably the neuronal properties arise from the properties of the inputs. However, the disco

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Richmond, B. J., and L. M. Optican. "Temporal encoding of two-dimensional patterns by single units in primate inferior temporal cortex. II. Quantification of response waveform." Journal of Neurophysiology 57, no. 1 (1987): 147–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1987.57.1.147.

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The purpose of this study was to describe how the responses of neurons in inferior temporal (IT) cortex represent visual stimuli. In the preceding paper we described the responses of IT neurons to a large set of two-dimensional black and white patterns. The responses to different stimuli showed temporal modulation of the spike trains. This paper develops a method for quantifying temporal modulation and shows that the stimulus determines the distribution over time, as well as the number, of spikes in a response. The responses were quantified using an orthogonal set of temporal waveforms called

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Carriere, Brian N., David W. Royal, and Mark T. Wallace. "Spatial Heterogeneity of Cortical Receptive Fields and Its Impact on Multisensory Interactions." Journal of Neurophysiology 99, no. 5 (2008): 2357–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01386.2007.

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Investigations of multisensory processing at the level of the single neuron have illustrated the importance of the spatial and temporal relationship of the paired stimuli and their relative effectiveness in determining the product of the resultant interaction. Although these principles provide a good first-order description of the interactive process, they were derived by treating space, time, and effectiveness as independent factors. In the anterior ectosylvian sulcus (AES) of the cat, previous work hinted that the spatial receptive field (SRF) architecture of multisensory neurons might play

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Lin, David J., Erin Kang, and Chinfei Chen. "Changes in input strength and number are driven by distinct mechanisms at the retinogeniculate synapse." Journal of Neurophysiology 112, no. 4 (2014): 942–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00175.2014.

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Recent studies have demonstrated that vision influences the functional remodeling of the mouse retinogeniculate synapse, the connection between retinal ganglion cells and thalamic relay neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). Initially, each relay neuron receives a large number of weak retinal inputs. Over a 2- to 3-wk developmental window, the majority of these inputs are eliminated, and the remaining inputs are strengthened. This period of refinement is followed by a critical period when visual experience changes the strength and connectivity of the retinogeniculate synapse.

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Solomon, Samuel G., Chris Tailby, Soon K. Cheong, and Aaron J. Camp. "Linear and Nonlinear Contributions to the Visual Sensitivity of Neurons in Primate Lateral Geniculate Nucleus." Journal of Neurophysiology 104, no. 4 (2010): 1884–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01118.2009.

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Several parallel pathways convey retinal signals to the visual cortex of primates. The signals of the parvocellular (P) and magnocellular (M) pathways are well characterized; the properties of other rarely encountered cell types are distinctive in many ways, but it is not clear that they can provide signals with the same fidelity. Here we study this by characterizing the temporal receptive field of neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus of anesthetized marmosets. For each neuron, we measured the response to a flickering uniform field, and, from this, estimated the linear and nonlinear recep

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Lloyd, Donna M., Elizabeth Hall, Samantha Hall, and Francis McGlone. "Can itch-related visual stimuli provoke an itch response?" Seeing and Perceiving 25 (2012): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187847612x648026.

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Itching is a common subjective sensation experienced on the skin and is associated with the desire and impulse to scratch. We tested whether visual cues could generate feelings of itch and provoke a scratch response in healthy volunteers. A secondary aim was to assess whether certain pictures were more effective in evoking sensations of itch. Thirty participants viewed static images that could either be itch-related (i.e., viewing ants or skin conditions) or neutral (viewing butterflies or healthy skin). These were further separated by picture type: ‘skin contact’ (i.e., ants crawling on the s

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Straub, Benjamin, and Gaby Schneider. "A Model for the Study of the Increase in Stimulus and Change Point Detection with Small and Variable Spiking Delays." Neural Computation 32, no. 7 (2020): 1277–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_01285.

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Precise timing of spikes between different neurons has been found to convey reliable information beyond the spike count. In contrast, the role of small and variable spiking delays, as reported, for example, in the visual cortex, remains largely unclear. This issue becomes particularly important considering the high speed of neuronal information processing, which is assumed to be based on only a few milliseconds within each processing step. We investigate the role of small and variable spiking delays with a parsimonious stochastic spiking model that is strongly motivated by experimental observa

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Borst, A., M. Egelhaaf, and H. S. Seung. "Two-Dimensional Motion Perception in Flies." Neural Computation 5, no. 6 (1993): 856–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.1993.5.6.856.

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We study two-dimensional motion perception in flies using a semicircular visual stimulus. Measurements of both the H1-neuron and the optomotor response are consistent with a simple model supposing spatial integration of the outputs of correlation-type motion detectors. In both experiment and model, there is substantial H1 and horizontal (yaw) optomotor response to purely vertical motion of the stimulus. We conclude that the fly's optomotor response to a two-dimensional pattern, depending on its structure, may deviate considerably from the direction of pattern motion.

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DeAngelis, G. C., R. D. Freeman, and I. Ohzawa. "Length and width tuning of neurons in the cat's primary visual cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 71, no. 1 (1994): 347–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1994.71.1.347.

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1. The classically defined receptive field of a visual neuron is the area of visual space over which the cell responds to visual stimuli. It is well established, however, that the discharge produced by an optimal stimulus can be modulated by the presence of additional stimuli that by themselves do not produce any response. This study examines inhibitory influences that originate from areas located outside of the classical (i.e., excitatory) receptive field. Previous work has shown that for some cells the response to a properly oriented bar of light becomes attenuated when the bar extends beyon

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Silva, Ana C., Glyn A. McMillan, Cristina P. Santos, and John R. Gray. "Background complexity affects response of a looming-sensitive neuron to object motion." Journal of Neurophysiology 113, no. 1 (2015): 218–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00478.2014.

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An increasing number of studies show how stimulus complexity affects the responses of looming-sensitive neurons across multiple animal taxa. Locusts contain a well-described, descending motion-sensitive pathway that is preferentially looming sensitive. However, the lobula giant movement detector/descending contralateral movement detector (LGMD/DCMD) pathway responds to more than simple objects approaching at constant, predictable trajectories. In this study, we presented Locusta migratoria with a series of complex three-dimensional visual stimuli presented while simultaneously recording DCMD a

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Heitwerth, J., R. Kern, J. H. van Hateren, and M. Egelhaaf. "Motion Adaptation Leads to Parsimonious Encoding of Natural Optic Flow by Blowfly Motion Vision System." Journal of Neurophysiology 94, no. 3 (2005): 1761–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00308.2005.

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Neurons sensitive to visual motion change their response properties during prolonged motion stimulation. These changes have been interpreted as adaptive and were concluded, for instance, to adjust the sensitivity of the visual motion pathway to velocity changes or to increase the reliability of encoding of motion information. These conclusions are based on experiments with experimenter-designed motion stimuli that differ substantially with respect to their dynamical properties from the optic flow an animal experiences during normal behavior. We analyze for the first time motion adaptation unde

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FU, YU-XI, QUAN XIAO, HONG-FENG GAO, and SHU-RONG WANG. "Stimulus features eliciting visual responses from neurons in the nucleus lentiformis mesencephali in pigeons." Visual Neuroscience 15, no. 6 (1998): 1079–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523898156055.

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The purpose of the present study was to find out what particular stimulus features, in addition to the direction and velocity of motion, specifically activate neurons in the nucleus lentiformis mesencephali (nLM) in pigeons. Visual responses of 60 nLM cells to a variety of computer-generated stimuli were extracellularly recorded and quantitatively analyzed. Ten recording sites were histologically verified to be localized within nLM with cobalt sulfide markings. It was shown that the pigeon nLM cells were specifically sensitive to the leading edge moving at the optimal velocity in the preferred

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Guido, W., S. M. Lu, and S. M. Sherman. "Relative contributions of burst and tonic responses to the receptive field properties of lateral geniculate neurons in the cat." Journal of Neurophysiology 68, no. 6 (1992): 2199–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1992.68.6.2199.

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1. In an anesthetized, paralyzed in vivo preparation, we recorded extracellular responses of 61 geniculate neurons (2 W, 25 X, 33 Y, and 1 mixed) to drifting sine-wave gratings of various spatial frequency, temporal frequency, and contrast. Our goal was to study the differential contributions to these visual responses of bursting caused by voltage dependent, low-threshold (LT) Ca2+ spikes and of purely tonic responses unrelated to LT spikes. Cells responding with LT spikes are said to be in the burst firing mode and those responding in a purely tonic fashion to be in the relay or tonic firing

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HAYOT, FERNAND, and DANIEL TRANCHINA. "Modeling corticofugal feedback and the sensitivity of lateral geniculate neurons to orientation discontinuity." Visual Neuroscience 18, no. 6 (2001): 865–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523801186037.

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We model feedback from primary visual cortex to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN). This feedback makes dLGN neurons sensitive to orientation discontinuity (Sillito et al., 1993; Cudeiro & Sillito, 1996). In the model, each dLGN neuron receives retinotopic input driven by layer 6 cortical neurons in a full set of orientation columns. Excitation is monosynaptic, while inhibition is through perigeniculate neurons and dLGN interneurons. The stimulus consists of drifting gratings, one within and the other outside a circular region centered over the receptive field of the model dLGN r

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Ono, Seiji, and Michael J. Mustari. "Response properties of MST parafoveal neurons during smooth pursuit adaptation." Journal of Neurophysiology 116, no. 1 (2016): 210–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00203.2016.

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Visual motion neurons in the posterior parietal cortex play a critical role in the guidance of smooth pursuit eye movements. Initial pursuit (open-loop period) is driven, in part, by visual motion signals from cortical areas, such as the medial superior temporal area (MST). The purpose of this study was to determine whether adaptation of initial pursuit gain arises because of altered visual sensitivity of neurons at the cortical level. It is well known that the visual motion response in MST is suppressed after exposure to a large-field visual motion stimulus, showing visual motion adaptation.

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GAWNE, TIMOTHY J., and JILL M. WOODS. "Video-rate and continuous visual stimuli do not produce equivalent response timings in visual cortical neurons." Visual Neuroscience 20, no. 5 (2003): 495–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523803205034.

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Video cathode ray tube (CRT) technology has proven to be extremely valuable for performing research in the visual system. However, the image on a CRT monitor is not constant, but consists of a series of brief pulses. This has implications for any study that explores the responses of neurons in the visual system on short time scales. In particular, there is no unambiguous time point at which a visual stimulus presented via CRT may be said to have ended. Recordings from single units in visual cortical area V1 of an awake primate demonstrate that, when studying changes in response timing on the o

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DiCarlo, James J., and John H. R. Maunsell. "Anterior Inferotemporal Neurons of Monkeys Engaged in Object Recognition Can be Highly Sensitive to Object Retinal Position." Journal of Neurophysiology 89, no. 6 (2003): 3264–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00358.2002.

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Visual object recognition is computationally difficult because changes in an object's position, distance, pose, or setting may cause it to produce a different retinal image on each encounter. To robustly recognize objects, the primate brain must have mechanisms to compensate for these variations. Although these mechanisms are poorly understood, it is thought that they elaborate neuronal representations in the inferotemporal cortex that are sensitive to object form but substantially invariant to other image variations. This study examines this hypothesis for image variation resulting from chang

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Michel, Melchi M., and Robert A. Jacobs. "The Costs of Ignoring High-Order Correlations in Populations of Model Neurons." Neural Computation 18, no. 3 (2006): 660–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.2006.18.3.660.

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Investigators debate the extent to which neural populations use pairwise and higher-order statistical dependencies among neural responses to represent information about a visual stimulus. To study this issue, three statistical decoders were used to extract the information in the responses of model neurons about the binocular disparities present in simulated pairs of left-eye and right-eye images: (1) the full joint probability decoder considered all possible statistical relations among neural responses as potentially important; (2) the dependence tree decoder also considered all possible relat

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Jiang, Wan, Mark T. Wallace, Huai Jiang, J. William Vaughan, and Barry E. Stein. "Two Cortical Areas Mediate Multisensory Integration in Superior Colliculus Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 85, no. 2 (2001): 506–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2001.85.2.506.

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The majority of multisensory neurons in the cat superior colliculus (SC) are able to synthesize cross-modal cues (e.g., visual and auditory) and thereby produce responses greater than those elicited by the most effective single modality stimulus and, sometimes, greater than those predicted by the arithmetic sum of their modality-specific responses. The present study examined the role of corticotectal inputs from two cortical areas, the anterior ectosylvian sulcus (AES) and the rostral aspect of the lateral suprasylvian sulcus (rLS), in producing these response enhancements. This was accomplish

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Suzuki, D. A., J. G. May, E. L. Keller, and R. D. Yee. "Visual motion response properties of neurons in dorsolateral pontine nucleus of alert monkey." Journal of Neurophysiology 63, no. 1 (1990): 37–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1990.63.1.37.

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1. In this study we sought to characterize the visual motion processing that exists in the dorsolateral pontine nucleus (DLPN) and make a comparison with the reported visual responses of the middle temporal (MT) and medial superior temporal (MST) areas of the monkey cerebral cortex. The DLPN is implicated as a component of the visuomotor interface involved with the regulation of smooth-pursuit eye movements, because it is a major terminus for afferents from MT and MST and also the source of efferents to cerebellar regions involved with eye-movement control. 2. Some DLPN cells were preferential

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Matsushima, Ayano, and Masaki Tanaka. "Neuronal Correlates of Multiple Top–Down Signals during Covert Tracking of Moving Objects in Macaque Prefrontal Cortex." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 24, no. 10 (2012): 2043–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00265.

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Resistance to distraction is a key component of executive functions and is strongly linked to the prefrontal cortex. Recent evidence suggests that neural mechanisms exist for selective suppression of task-irrelevant information. However, neuronal signals related to selective suppression have not yet been identified, whereas nonselective surround suppression, which results from attentional enhancement for relevant stimuli, has been well documented. This study examined single neuron activities in the lateral PFC when monkeys covertly tracked one of randomly moving objects. Although many neurons

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Motter, B. C. "Focal attention produces spatially selective processing in visual cortical areas V1, V2, and V4 in the presence of competing stimuli." Journal of Neurophysiology 70, no. 3 (1993): 909–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1993.70.3.909.

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1. The activity of single neurons was recorded in Macaca mulatta monkeys while they performed tasks requiring them to select a cued stimulus from an array of three to eight stimuli and report the orientation of that stimulus. Stimuli were presented in a circular array centered on the fixation target and scaled to place a single stimulus element within the receptive field of the neuron under study. The timing of the cuing event permitted the directing of visual attention to the spatial location of the correct stimulus before its presentation. 2. The effects of focal attention were examined in c

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Guest, Bruce B., and John R. Gray. "Responses of a Looming-Sensitive Neuron to Compound and Paired Object Approaches." Journal of Neurophysiology 95, no. 3 (2006): 1428–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01037.2005.

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The lobula giant movement detector (LGMD) and its target neuron, the descending contralateral movement detector (DCMD), constitute a motion-sensitive pathway in the locust visual system that responds preferentially to objects approaching on a collision course. LGMD receptive field properties, anisotropic distribution of local retinotopic inputs across the visual field, and localized habituation to repeated stimuli suggest that this pathway should be sensitive to approaches of individual objects within a complex visual scene. We presented locusts with compound looming objects while recording fr

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Hung, Y. S., J. P. van Kleef, G. Stange, and M. R. Ibbotson. "Spectral inputs and ocellar contributions to a pitch-sensitive descending neuron in the honeybee." Journal of Neurophysiology 109, no. 4 (2013): 1202–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00830.2012.

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By measuring insect compensatory optomotor reflexes to visual motion, researchers have examined the computational mechanisms of the motion processing system. However, establishing the spectral sensitivity of the neural pathways that underlie this motion behavior has been difficult, and the contribution of the simple eyes (ocelli) has been rarely examined. In this study we investigate the spectral response properties and ocellar inputs of an anatomically identified descending neuron (DNII2) in the honeybee optomotor pathway. Using a panoramic stimulus, we show that it responds selectively to op

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Krapp, Holger G., and Fabrizio Gabbiani. "Spatial Distribution of Inputs and Local Receptive Field Properties of a Wide-Field, Looming Sensitive Neuron." Journal of Neurophysiology 93, no. 4 (2005): 2240–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00965.2004.

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The lobula giant movement detector (LGMD) in the locust visual system and its target neuron, the descending contralateral movement detector (DCMD), respond to approaching objects looming on a collision course with the animal. They thus provide a good model to study the cellular and network mechanisms underlying the sensitivity to this specific class of behaviorally relevant stimuli. We determined over an entire locust eye the density distribution of optical axes describing the spatial organization of local inputs to the visual system and compared it with the sensitivity distribution of the LGM

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Obara, Keitaro, Kazunori O’Hashi, and Manabu Tanifuji. "Mechanisms for shaping receptive field in monkey area TE." Journal of Neurophysiology 118, no. 4 (2017): 2448–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00348.2017.

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Visual object information is conveyed from V1 to area TE along the ventral visual pathway with increasing receptive field (RF) sizes. The RFs of TE neurons are known to be large, but it is largely unknown how large RFs are shaped along the ventral visual pathway. In this study, we addressed this question in two aspects, static and dynamic mechanisms, by recording neural responses from macaque area TE and V4 to object stimuli presented at various locations in the visual field. As a component related to static mechanisms, we found that in area TE, but not in V4, response latency to objects prese

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Germi, James, Oceane Fruchet, John Wolf, and Isaac Chen. "21813 Changes in Electrophysiologic Activity in the Rat Visual Cortex following Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 5, s1 (2021): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2021.425.

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ABSTRACT IMPACT: This research aims to identify changes in visual network function after TBI as a way to define potential therapeutic targets for neuromodulation or neural tissue substrates. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The objectives of this study are to compare neural activity in the visual cortex following TBI with cortical activity in the uninjured brain. This study aims to characterize functional changes in single neuron activity, spike-field relationships and oscillatory activity. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The effects of TBI will be studied by comparing electrophysiologic recordings from Long-Evans

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McClure, John P., and Pierre-Olivier Polack. "Pure tones modulate the representation of orientation and direction in the primary visual cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 121, no. 6 (2019): 2202–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00069.2019.

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Multimodal sensory integration facilitates the generation of a unified and coherent perception of the environment. It is now well established that unimodal sensory perceptions, such as vision, are improved in multisensory contexts. Whereas multimodal integration is primarily performed by dedicated multisensory brain regions such as the association cortices or the superior colliculus, recent studies have shown that multisensory interactions also occur in primary sensory cortices. In particular, sounds were shown to modulate the responses of neurons located in layers 2/3 (L2/3) of the mouse prim

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Rind, F. C. "Intracellular characterization of neurons in the locust brain signaling impending collision." Journal of Neurophysiology 75, no. 3 (1996): 986–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1996.75.3.986.

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1. In response to a rapidly approaching object, intracellular recordings show that excitation in the locust lobula giant movement detecting (LGMD) neuron builds up exponentially, particularly during the final stages of object approach. After the cessation of object motion, inhibitory potentials in the LGMD then help to terminate this excitation. Excitation in the LGMD follows object recession with a short, constant latency but is cut back rapidly by hyperpolarizing potentials. The timing of these hyperpolarizing potentials in the LGMD is variable, and their latency following object recession i

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