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Journal articles on the topic 'Neuron generation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Sarafi-Reinach, Trina R., Tali Melkman, Oliver Hobert, and Piali Sengupta. "The lin-11 LIM homeobox gene specifies olfactory and chemosensory neuron fates in C. elegans." Development 128, no. 17 (2001): 3269–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.128.17.3269.

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Chemosensory neuron diversity in C. elegans arises from the action of transcription factors that specify different aspects of sensory neuron fate. In the AWB and AWA olfactory neurons, the LIM homeobox gene lim-4 and the nuclear hormone receptor gene odr-7 are required to confer AWB and AWA-specific characteristics respectively, and to repress an AWC olfactory neuron-like default fate. Here, we show that AWA neuron fate is also regulated by a member of the LIM homeobox gene family, lin-11. lin-11 regulates AWA olfactory neuron differentiation by initiating expression of odr-7, which then autor

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Van de Bittner, Genevieve C., Misha M. Riley, Luxiang Cao, et al. "Nasal neuron PET imaging quantifies neuron generation and degeneration." Journal of Clinical Investigation 127, no. 2 (2017): 681–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/jci89162.

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Torben-Nielsen, Ben, Karl Tuyls, and Eric Postma. "EvOL-Neuron: Neuronal morphology generation." Neurocomputing 71, no. 4-6 (2008): 963–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2007.02.016.

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Ensini, M., T. N. Tsuchida, H. G. Belting, and T. M. Jessell. "The control of rostrocaudal pattern in the developing spinal cord: specification of motor neuron subtype identity is initiated by signals from paraxial mesoderm." Development 125, no. 6 (1998): 969–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.125.6.969.

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The generation of distinct classes of motor neurons is an early step in the control of vertebrate motor behavior. To study the interactions that control the generation of motor neuron subclasses in the developing avian spinal cord we performed in vivo grafting studies in which either the neural tube or flanking mesoderm were displaced between thoracic and brachial levels. The positional identity of neural tube cells and motor neuron subtype identity was assessed by Hox and LIM homeodomain protein expression. Our results show that the rostrocaudal identity of neural cells is plastic at the time

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McKenna, William L., Christian F. Ortiz-Londono, Thomas K. Mathew, Kendy Hoang, Sol Katzman, and Bin Chen. "Mutual regulation between Satb2 and Fezf2 promotes subcerebral projection neuron identity in the developing cerebral cortex." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 37 (2015): 11702–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1504144112.

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Generation of distinct cortical projection neuron subtypes during development relies in part on repression of alternative neuron identities. It was reported that the special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (Satb2) is required for proper development of callosal neuron identity and represses expression of genes that are essential for subcerebral axon development. Surprisingly, Satb2 has recently been shown to be necessary for subcerebral axon development. Here, we unravel a previously unidentified mechanism underlying this paradox. We show that SATB2 directly activates transcription of forebr

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WANG, LEI, PEI-JI LIANG, PU-MING ZHANG, and YI-HONG QIU. "ADAPTATION-DEPENDENT SYNCHRONIZATION TRANSITIONS AND BURST GENERATIONS IN ELECTRICALLY COUPLED NEURAL NETWORKS." International Journal of Neural Systems 24, no. 08 (2014): 1450033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065714500336.

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A typical feature of neurons is their ability to encode neural information dynamically through spike frequency adaptation (SFA). Previous studies of SFA on neuronal synchronization were mainly concentrated on the correlated firing between neuron pairs, while the synchronization of neuron populations in the presence of SFA is still unclear. In this study, the influence of SFA on the population synchronization of neurons was numerically explored in electrically coupled networks, with regular, small-world, and random connectivity, respectively. The simulation results indicate that cross-correlati

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Abbott, L. F., E. Marder, and S. L. Hooper. "Oscillating Networks: Control of Burst Duration by Electrically Coupled Neurons." Neural Computation 3, no. 4 (1991): 487–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.1991.3.4.487.

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The pyloric network of the stomatogastric ganglion in crustacea is a central pattern generator that can produce the same basic rhythm over a wide frequency range. Three electrically coupled neurons, the anterior burster (AB) neuron and two pyloric dilator (PD) neurons, act as a pacemaker unit for the pyloric network. The functional characteristics of the pacemaker network are the result of electrical coupling between neurons with quite different intrinsic properties, each contributing a basic feature to the complete circuit. The AB neuron, a conditional oscillator, plays a dominant role in rhy

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Gawthrop, Charles Stroud, Kavitha Challagulla, Annette Vu, Lynne Bianchi, Kate F. Barald, and John A. Germiller. "R440 – Generation of Neuron-Like Cells in Spiral Ganglion Cultures." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 139, no. 2_suppl (2008): P191—P192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2008.05.596.

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Problem Development of the auditory nerve is dependent on neurotrophic factors. Neurotrophins BDNF and NT-3 are critical in the later stages of development. More recently, a substance secreted by the early inner ear, otocyst-derived factor (ODF), was shown to stimulate development of primitive auditory neurons at the earliest stages. We hypothesized that this powerful neurotrophic substance might be capable of regenerating auditory neurons in the mature animal. Methods Cultured neurons and whole explants from neonatal mouse spiral ganglia were incubated with either BDNF or supernatant from an

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Clarkson, Jenny, Su Young Han, Richard Piet, et al. "Definition of the hypothalamic GnRH pulse generator in mice." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 47 (2017): E10216—E10223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1713897114.

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The pulsatile release of luteinizing hormone (LH) is critical for mammalian fertility. However, despite several decades of investigation, the identity of the neuronal network generating pulsatile reproductive hormone secretion remains unproven. We use here a variety of optogenetic approaches in freely behaving mice to evaluate the role of the arcuate nucleus kisspeptin (ARNKISS) neurons in LH pulse generation. Using GCaMP6 fiber photometry, we find that the ARNKISS neuron population exhibits brief (∼1 min) synchronized episodes of calcium activity occurring as frequently as every 9 min in gona

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Martinez-Morales, J. R., J. A. Barbas, E. Marti, P. Bovolenta, D. Edgar, and A. Rodriguez-Tebar. "Vitronectin is expressed in the ventral region of the neural tube and promotes the differentiation of motor neurons." Development 124, no. 24 (1997): 5139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.124.24.5139.

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The extracellular matrix protein vitronectin and its mRNA are present in the embryonic chick notochord, floor plate and in the ventral neural tube at the time position of motor neuron generation. When added to cultures of neural tube explants of developmental stage 9, vitronectin promotes the generation of motor neurons in the absence of either notochord or exogenously added Sonic hedgehog. Conversely, the neutralisation of endogenous vitronectin with antibodies inhibits over 90% motor neuron differentiation in co-cultured neural tube/notochord explants, neural tube explants cultured in the pr

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Michalikova, Martina, Michiel W. H. Remme, Dietmar Schmitz, Susanne Schreiber, and Richard Kempter. "Spikelets in pyramidal neurons: generating mechanisms, distinguishing properties, and functional implications." Reviews in the Neurosciences 31, no. 1 (2019): 101–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revneuro-2019-0044.

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Abstract Spikelets are small spike-like depolarizations that are found in somatic recordings of many neuron types. Spikelets have been assigned important functions, ranging from neuronal synchronization to the regulation of synaptic plasticity, which are specific to the particular mechanism of spikelet generation. As spikelets reflect spiking activity in neuronal compartments that are electrotonically distinct from the soma, four modes of spikelet generation can be envisaged: (1) dendritic spikes or (2) axonal action potentials occurring in a single cell as well as action potentials transmitte

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Elsen, Frank P., and Jan-Marino Ramirez. "Postnatal Development Differentially Affects Voltage-Activated Calcium Currents in Respiratory Rhythmic Versus Nonrhythmic Neurons of the Pre-Bötzinger Complex." Journal of Neurophysiology 94, no. 2 (2005): 1423–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00237.2005.

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The mammalian respiratory network reorganizes during early postnatal life. We characterized the postnatal developmental changes of calcium currents in neurons of the pre-Bötzinger complex (pBC), the presumed site for respiratory rhythm generation. The pBC contains not only respiratory rhythmic (R) but also nonrhythmic neurons (nR). Both types of neurons express low- and high-voltage-activated (LVA and HVA) calcium currents. This raises the interesting issue: do calcium currents of the two co-localized neuron types have similar developmental profiles? To address this issue, we used the whole ce

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Sapolsky, Robert M. "Second generation questions about senescent neuron loss." Neurobiology of Aging 8, no. 6 (1987): 547–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0197-4580(87)90128-x.

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KATORI, YUICHI, ERIC J. LANG, MIHO ONIZUKA, MITSUO KAWATO, and KAZUYUKI AIHARA. "QUANTITATIVE MODELING OF SPATIO-TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF INFERIOR OLIVE NEURONS WITH A SIMPLE CONDUCTANCE-BASED MODEL." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 20, no. 03 (2010): 583–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127410025909.

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Inferior olive (IO) neurons project to the cerebellum and contribute to motor control. They can show intriguing spatio-temporal dynamics with rhythmic and synchronized spiking. IO neurons are connected to their neighbors via gap junctions to form an electrically coupled network, and so it is considered that this coupling contributes to the characteristic dynamics of this nucleus. Here, we demonstrate that a gap junction-coupled network composed of simple conductance-based model neurons (a simplified version of a Hodgkin–Huxley type neuron) reproduce important aspects of IO activity. The simpli

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Ghahari, Alireza, and John D. Enderle. "A Physiological Neural Controller of a Muscle Fiber Oculomotor Plant in Horizontal Monkey Saccades." ISRN Ophthalmology 2014 (May 7, 2014): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/406210.

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A neural network model of biophysical neurons in the midbrain is presented to drive a muscle fiber oculomotor plant during horizontal monkey saccades. Neural circuitry, including omnipause neuron, premotor excitatory and inhibitory burst neurons, long lead burst neuron, tonic neuron, interneuron, abducens nucleus, and oculomotor nucleus, is developed to examine saccade dynamics. The time-optimal control strategy by realization of agonist and antagonist controller models is investigated. In consequence, each agonist muscle fiber is stimulated by an agonist neuron, while an antagonist muscle fib

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Xing, Yuan, Nan Zhang, Wei Zhang, and Lei-Ming Ren. "Bupivacaine Indirectly Potentiates Glutamate-induced Intracellular Calcium Signaling in Rat Hippocampal Neurons by Impairing Mitochondrial Function in Cocultured Astrocytes." Anesthesiology 128, no. 3 (2018): 539–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000002003.

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Abstract Background Bupivacaine induces central neurotoxicity at lower blood concentrations than cardiovascular toxicity. However, central sensitivity to bupivacaine is poorly understood. The toxicity mechanism might be related to glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in hippocampal cells. Methods The intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), mitochondrial membrane potential, and reactive oxygen species generation were measured by fluorescence and two-photon laser scanning microscopy in fetal rat hippocampal neurons and astrocytes. Results In astrocyte/neuron cocultures, 300 μM bupivacaine i

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Otsuka, Takeshi, Takafumi Abe, Takahisa Tsukagawa, and Wen-Jie Song. "Conductance-Based Model of the Voltage-Dependent Generation of a Plateau Potential in Subthalamic Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 92, no. 1 (2004): 255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00508.2003.

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Because the subthalamic nucleus (STN) acts as a driving force of the basal ganglia, it is important to know how the activities of STN neurons are regulated. Previously, we have reported that a subset of STN neurons generates a plateau potential in a voltage-dependent manner. These plateau potentials can be evoked only when the cell is hyperpolarized. Here, to examine the mechanism of the voltage-dependent generation of the plateau potential in STN neurons, we constructed a conductance-based model of the plateau-generating STN neuron based on experimental observations and compared simulation re

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Koiwa, Shiromizu, Adachi, et al. "Generation of a Triple-Transgenic Zebrafish Line for Assessment of Developmental Neurotoxicity during Neuronal Differentiation." Pharmaceuticals 12, no. 4 (2019): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph12040145.

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: The developing brain is extremely sensitive to many chemicals. Exposure to neurotoxicants during development has been implicated in various neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders, including autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia. Various screening methods have been used to assess the developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) of chemicals, with most assays focusing on cell viability, apoptosis, proliferation, migration, neuronal differentiation, and neuronal network formation. However, assessment of toxicity during progenitor cell differentiation into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocyt

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Bukinich, Anna Aleksandrovna, and Petr Dmitriyevich Shabanov. "The human brain is working in the system of dual coding: a hypothesis." Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 11, no. 2 (2013): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rcf11252-56.

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How the human brain is working is up to now unclear. Using singular neuron as an object, and pharmacological agents as a tool the neuron activity in general in the mammalian CNS has been described. The basis of all investigations was the study of dimmer (heteromer) structures associated with G-coupled receptor proteins on the surfaces of neuron membranes isolated from the own usual circle. We can organize the recombinant movement by means of physiological concentrations of pharmacological reagents if these processes were lasting in the network neurons native brain. That is, the ideal condition

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Ostrovskiy, Valeriy, Denis Butusov, Artur Karimov, and Valeriy Andreev. "DISCRETIZATION EFFECTS DURING NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF HODGKIN-HUXLEY NEURON MODEL." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2019, no. 12 (2019): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/1999-8775-2019-2019-12-94-101.

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Computer design is a valuable tool in the course of designing neuro-morphic systems. In particular it allows investigating basic mechanisms of neuron pulse activities in networks. For computer modeling it is necessary to digitize a continuous model of the system by means of the application of discrete operators able to keep basic properties of a prototype. But the accuracy of discrete models may decrease because of negative effects caused by the type of the method used, by a discretization pitch and errors in rounding off.  This fact is significant for the analysis of non-linear systems

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Zhang, Shu-Zhen, Li-Xiang Ma, Wen-Jing Qian, et al. "Modeling Neurological Disease by Rapid Conversion of Human Urine Cells into Functional Neurons." Stem Cells International 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2452985.

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Somatic cells can be directly converted into functional neurons by ectopic expression of defined factors and/or microRNAs. Since the first report of conversion mouse embryonic fibroblasts into functional neurons, the postnatal mouse, and human fibroblasts, astroglia, hepatocytes, and pericyte-derived cells have been converted into functional dopaminergic and motor neurons bothin vitroandin vivo. However, it is invasive to get all these materials. In the current study, we provide a noninvasive approach to obtain directly reprogrammed functional neurons by overexpression of the transcription fac

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Stark, Eran, Lisa Roux, Ronny Eichler, and György Buzsáki. "Local generation of multineuronal spike sequences in the hippocampal CA1 region." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 33 (2015): 10521–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1508785112.

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Sequential activity of multineuronal spiking can be observed during theta and high-frequency ripple oscillations in the hippocampal CA1 region and is linked to experience, but the mechanisms underlying such sequences are unknown. We compared multineuronal spiking during theta oscillations, spontaneous ripples, and focal optically induced high-frequency oscillations (“synthetic” ripples) in freely moving mice. Firing rates and rate modulations of individual neurons, and multineuronal sequences of pyramidal cell and interneuron spiking, were correlated during theta oscillations, spontaneous ripp

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Khurram, Obaid U., Matthew J. Fogarty, Sabhya Rana, Pangdra Vang, Gary C. Sieck, and Carlos B. Mantilla. "Diaphragm muscle function following midcervical contusion injury in rats." Journal of Applied Physiology 126, no. 1 (2019): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00481.2018.

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Midcervical spinal cord contusion injury results in tissue damage, disruption of spinal pathways, and motor neuron loss. Unilateral C4 contusion results in loss of 40%–50% of phrenic motor neurons ipsilateral to the injury (~25% of the total phrenic motor neuron pool). Over time after unilateral C4 contusion injury, diaphragm muscle (DIAm) electromyogram activity increases both contralateral and ipsilateral to the side of injury in rats, suggesting compensation because of increased activation of the surviving motor neurons. However, the impact of contusion injury on DIAm force generation is le

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Kim, Yong-Sik, and Chang-Hwan Park. "Dopamine Neuron Generation from Human Embryonic Stem Cells." International Journal of Stem Cells 4, no. 2 (2011): 85–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15283/ijsc.2011.4.2.85.

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MITSUI, Kazuo. "AUTONOMOUS GENERATION OF STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS BY NEURON MODEL." Proceedings of OPTIS 2002.5 (2002): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeoptis.2002.5.111.

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Onimaru, Hiroshi, Kayo Tsuzawa, Yoshimi Nakazono, and Wiktor A. Janczewski. "Midline section of the medulla abolishes inspiratory activity and desynchronizes pre-inspiratory neuron rhythm on both sides of the medulla in newborn rats." Journal of Neurophysiology 113, no. 7 (2015): 2871–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00554.2014.

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Each half of the medulla contains respiratory neurons that constitute two generators that control respiratory rhythm. One generator consists of the inspiratory neurons in the pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC); the other, the pre-inspiratory (Pre-I) neurons in the parafacial respiratory group (pFRG), rostral to the preBötC. We investigated the contribution of the commissural fibers, connecting the respiratory rhythm generators located on the opposite side of the medulla to the generation of respiratory activity in brain stem-spinal cord preparation from 0- to 1-day-old rats. Pre-I neuron activity

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Khodr, Christina E., Sara Clark, Alex F. Bokov, et al. "Early Postnatal Administration of Growth Hormone Increases Tuberoinfundibular Dopaminergic Neuron Numbers in Ames Dwarf Mice." Endocrinology 151, no. 7 (2010): 3277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2009-1482.

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Hypothalamic tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic (TIDA) neurons secrete dopamine, which inhibits pituitary prolactin (PRL) secretion. PRL has demonstrated neurotrophic effects on TIDA neuron development in PRL-, GH-, and TSH-deficient Ames (df/df) and Snell (dw/dw) dwarf mice. However, both PRL and PRL receptor knockout mice exhibit normal-sized TIDA neuron numbers, implying GH and/or TSH influence TIDA neuron development. The current study investigated the effect of porcine (p) GH on TIDA neuron development in Ames dwarf hypothalamus. Normal (DF/df) and dwarf mice were treated daily with pGH or s

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Krolo, M., V. Tonkovic-Capin, A. G. Stucke, et al. "Subtype Composition and Responses of Respiratory Neurons in the Pre-Bötzinger Region to Pulmonary Afferent Inputs in Dogs." Journal of Neurophysiology 93, no. 5 (2005): 2674–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01206.2003.

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The brain stem pre-Bötzinger complex (pre-BC) plays an important role in respiratory rhythm generation. However, it is not clear what function each subpopulation of neurons in the pre-BC serves. The purpose of the present studies was to identify neuronal subpopulations of the canine pre-BC and to characterize the neuronal responses of subpopulations to experimentally imposed changes in inspiratory (I) and expiratory (E) phase durations. Lung inflations and electrical stimulation of the cervical vagus nerve were used to produce changes in respiratory phase timing via the Hering-Breuer reflex. M

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Wang, Xiu Qing, Zeng Guang Hou, Min Tan, Yong Ji Wang, and Fei Xie. "Mobile Robots' Wall-Following Controller Based on Probabilistic Spiking Neuron Model." Advanced Materials Research 588-589 (November 2012): 1547–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.588-589.1547.

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This paper focuses on the third generation of neural networks- Spiking neural networks (SNNs), the novel Spiking neuron model- probabilistic Spiking neuron model (pSNM), and their applications. pSNM is used in mobile robots' behavior control, and a novel mobile robots' wall-following controller based on pSNM is proposed. In the pSNM controller, Spiking time-delayed coding is used for the sensory neurons of the input layer and pSNM is used for the motor neurons in the output layer. Thorpe and Hebbian learning rules are used in the controller. The experimental results show that the controller ca

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Paraíso-Luna, Juan, José Aguareles, Ricardo Martín, et al. "Endocannabinoid signalling in stem cells and cerebral organoids drives differentiation to deep layer projection neurons via CB1 receptors." Development 147, no. 24 (2020): dev192161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.192161.

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ABSTRACTThe endocannabinoid (eCB) system, via the cannabinoid CB1 receptor, regulates neurodevelopment by controlling neural progenitor proliferation and neurogenesis. CB1 receptor signalling in vivo drives corticofugal deep layer projection neuron development through the regulation of BCL11B and SATB2 transcription factors. Here, we investigated the role of eCB signalling in mouse pluripotent embryonic stem cell-derived neuronal differentiation. Characterization of the eCB system revealed increased expression of eCB-metabolizing enzymes, eCB ligands and CB1 receptors during neuronal different

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Orbán, Gergő, Tamás Kiss, and Péter Érdi. "Intrinsic and Synaptic Mechanisms Determining the Timing of Neuron Population Activity During Hippocampal Theta Oscillation." Journal of Neurophysiology 96, no. 6 (2006): 2889–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01233.2005.

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Hippocampal theta (3–8 Hz) is a major electrophysiological activity in rodents, which can be found in primates and humans as well. During theta activity, pyramidal cells and different classes of interneurons were shown to discharge at different phases of the extracellular theta. A recent in vitro study has shown that theta-frequency oscillation can be elicited in a hippocampal CA1 slice by the activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors with similar pharmacological and physiological profile that was found in vivo. We constructed a conductance based three-population network model of the hipp

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Paul, D. H., and B. Mulloney. "Nonspiking local interneuron in the motor pattern generator for the crayfish swimmeret." Journal of Neurophysiology 54, no. 1 (1985): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1985.54.1.28.

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We describe a type of nonspiking premotor local interneuron (interneuron IA) in the abdominal nervous system of Pacifasticus leniusculus. All of its branches are restricted to one side of the midline. These interneurons are identifiable and occur as bilateral pairs, one neuron on each side of abdominal ganglia 3, 4, and 5. The membrane potential of interneuron IA oscillated in phase with the swimmeret rhythm, a motor pattern generated in each of these ganglia, because the neuron received postsynaptic potentials in phase with the rhythm. Sustained hyperpolarization of an individual interneuron

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Burtscher, Ingo, Marta Tarquis-Medina, Ciro Salinno, et al. "Generation of a Novel Nkx6-1 Venus Fusion Reporter Mouse Line." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 7 (2021): 3434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073434.

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Nkx6-1 is a member of the Nkx family of homeodomain transcription factors (TFs) that regulates motor neuron development, neuron specification and pancreatic endocrine and β-cell differentiation. To facilitate the isolation and tracking of Nkx6-1-expressing cells, we have generated a novel Nkx6-1 Venus fusion (Nkx6-1-VF) reporter allele. The Nkx6-1-VF knock-in reporter is regulated by endogenous cis-regulatory elements of Nkx6-1 and the fluorescent protein fusion does not interfere with the TF function, as homozygous mice are viable and fertile. The nuclear localization of Nkx6-1-VF protein ref

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Ashida, Go, Kousuke Abe, Kazuo Funabiki, and Masakazu Konishi. "Passive Soma Facilitates Submillisecond Coincidence Detection in the Owl's Auditory System." Journal of Neurophysiology 97, no. 3 (2007): 2267–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00399.2006.

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Neurons of the avian nucleus laminaris (NL) compute the interaural time difference (ITD) by detecting coincident arrivals of binaural signals with submillisecond accuracy. The cellular mechanisms for this temporal precision have long been studied theoretically and experimentally. The myelinated axon initial segment in the owl's NL neuron and small somatic spikes observed in auditory coincidence detector neurons of various animals suggest that spikes in the NL neuron are generated at the first node of Ranvier and that the soma passively receives back-propagating spikes. To investigate the signi

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Hedwig, Berthold. "Control of Cricket Stridulation by a Command Neuron: Efficacy Depends on the Behavioral State." Journal of Neurophysiology 83, no. 2 (2000): 712–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2000.83.2.712.

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Crickets use different song patterns for acoustic communication. The stridulatory pattern-generating networks are housed within the thoracic ganglia but are controlled by the brain. This descending control of stridulation was identified by intracellular recordings and stainings of brain neurons. Its impact on the generation of calling song was analyzed both in resting and stridulating crickets and during cercal wind stimulation, which impaired the stridulatory movements and caused transient silencing reactions. A descending interneuron in the brain serves as a command neuron for calling-song s

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Yamazaki, Tadashi, and Shigeru Tanaka. "Robust Reservoir Generation by Correlation-Based Learning." Advances in Artificial Neural Systems 2009 (October 27, 2009): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/467128.

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Reservoir computing (RC) is a new framework for neural computation. A reservoir is usually a recurrent neural network with fixed random connections. In this article, we propose an RC model in which the connections in the reservoir are modifiable. Specifically, we consider correlation-based learning (CBL), which modifies the connection weight between a given pair of neurons according to the correlation in their activities. We demonstrate that CBL enables the reservoir to reproduce almost the same spatiotemporal activity patterns in response to an identical input stimulus in the presence of nois

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Seminary, Emily R., Stephanie Santarriaga, Lynn Wheeler, et al. "Motor Neuron Generation from iPSCs from Identical Twins Discordant for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis." Cells 9, no. 3 (2020): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9030571.

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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of the upper and lower motor neurons. Approximately 10% of cases are caused by specific mutations in known genes, with the remaining cases having no known genetic link. As such, sporadic cases have been more difficult to model experimentally. Here, we describe the generation and differentiation of ALS induced pluripotent stem cells reprogrammed from discordant identical twins. Whole genome sequencing revealed no relevant mutations in known ALS-causing genes that differ between the twins. As pr

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Lin, Xiaoli, Chanyi Lu, Makoto Ohmoto, et al. "R-spondin substitutes for neuronal input for taste cell regeneration in adult mice." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 2 (2020): e2001833118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2001833118.

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Taste bud cells regenerate throughout life. Taste bud maintenance depends on continuous replacement of senescent taste cells with new ones generated by adult taste stem cells. More than a century ago it was shown that taste buds degenerate after their innervating nerves are transected and that they are not restored until after reinnervation by distant gustatory ganglion neurons. Thus, neuronal input, likely via neuron-supplied factors, is required for generation of differentiated taste cells and taste bud maintenance. However, the identity of such a neuron-supplied niche factor(s) remains uncl

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Roberts, A., M. J. Tunstall, and E. Wolf. "Properties of networks controlling locomotion and significance of voltage dependency of NMDA channels: stimulation study of rhythm generation sustained by positive feedback." Journal of Neurophysiology 73, no. 2 (1995): 485–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1995.73.2.485.

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1. We have built a realistic 24-neuron model based on data from the spinal pattern generator for swimming in Xenopus embryos with the use of the SWIM programs. The neurons have dendrite, soma, and axon compartments with voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels. Dendritic synapses were modeled as modulated ionic conductances with currents that have different reversal levels. One of these conductances was voltage dependent to model N-methyl-D-aspartate ("NMDA") synapses in the presence of Mg2+. 2. In this model, rhythm generation is initiated by a brief excitation, depends on rebound from reciprocal in

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Rybak, Ilya A., Julian F. R. Paton, and James S. Schwaber. "Modeling Neural Mechanisms for Genesis of Respiratory Rhythm and Pattern. II. Network Models of the Central Respiratory Pattern Generator." Journal of Neurophysiology 77, no. 4 (1997): 2007–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.77.4.2007.

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Rybak, Ilya A., Julian F. R. Paton, and James S. Schwaber. Modeling neural mechanisms for genesis of respiratory rhythm and pattern. II. Network models of the central respiratory pattern generator. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 2007–2026, 1997. The present paper describes several models of the central respiratory pattern generator (CRPG) developed employing experimental data and current hypotheses for respiratory rhythmogenesis. Each CRPG model includes a network of respiratory neuron types (e.g., early inspiratory; ramp inspiratory; late inspiratory; decrementing expiratory; postinspiratory; stage II

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Weng, Minrui, Xiaoji Xie, Chao Liu, Kah-Leong Lim, Cheng-wu Zhang, and Lin Li. "The Sources of Reactive Oxygen Species and Its Possible Role in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson’s Disease." Parkinson's Disease 2018 (September 2, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9163040.

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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The precise mechanism underlying pathogenesis of PD is not fully understood, but it has been widely accepted that excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the key mediator of PD pathogenesis. The causative factors of PD such as gene mutation, neuroinflammation, and iron accumulation all could induce ROS generation, and the later would mediate the dopaminergic neuron death by causing oxidation protein, lipids, and other macromolecule

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Kwag, Jeehyun, Hyun Jae Jang, Mincheol Kim, and Sujeong Lee. "M-type potassium conductance controls the emergence of neural phase codes: a combined experimental and neuron modelling study." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 11, no. 99 (2014): 20140604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2014.0604.

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Rate and phase codes are believed to be important in neural information processing. Hippocampal place cells provide a good example where both coding schemes coexist during spatial information processing. Spike rate increases in the place field, whereas spike phase precesses relative to the ongoing theta oscillation. However, what intrinsic mechanism allows for a single neuron to generate spike output patterns that contain both neural codes is unknown. Using dynamic clamp, we simulate an in vivo -like subthreshold dynamics of place cells to in vitro CA1 pyramidal neurons to establish an in vitr

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Sorribas, Helga, Celestino Padeste, and Louis Tiefenauer. "Photolithographic generation of protein micropatterns for neuron culture applications." Biomaterials 23, no. 3 (2002): 893–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0142-9612(01)00199-5.

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Su, Hong-Lin, Keiko Muguruma, Mami Matsuo-Takasaki, Mineko Kengaku, Kiichi Watanabe, and Yoshiki Sasai. "Generation of cerebellar neuron precursors from embryonic stem cells." Developmental Biology 290, no. 2 (2006): 287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.11.010.

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Arifuzzaman, Md, Akira Ito, Kazushi Ikeda, Yoshinori Kawabe, and Masamichi Kamihira. "Fabricating Muscle–Neuron Constructs with Improved Contractile Force Generation." Tissue Engineering Part A 25, no. 7-8 (2019): 563–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ten.tea.2018.0165.

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Bogason, G. "Generation of a neuron transfer function and its derivatives." Electronics Letters 29, no. 21 (1993): 1867. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19931243.

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Siegenthaler, Julie A., Amir M. Ashique, Konstantinos Zarbalis, et al. "Retinoic Acid from the Meninges Regulates Cortical Neuron Generation." Cell 139, no. 3 (2009): 597–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2009.10.004.

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Siegenthaler, Julie A., Amir M. Ashique, Konstantinos Zarbalis, et al. "Retinoic Acid from the Meninges Regulates Cortical Neuron Generation." Cell 146, no. 3 (2011): 486. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2011.07.011.

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Kosuge, Yasuhiro, Hiroshi Nango, Hiroki Kasai, et al. "Generation of Cellular Reactive Oxygen Species by Activation of the EP2 Receptor Contributes to Prostaglandin E2-Induced Cytotoxicity in Motor Neuron-Like NSC-34 Cells." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2020 (January 11, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6101838.

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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating motor neuron disease characterized by progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the central nervous system. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) plays a pivotal role in the degeneration of motor neurons in human and transgenic models of ALS. We have shown previously that PGE2 directly induces neuronal death through activation of the E-prostanoid (EP) 2 receptor in differentiated NSC-34 cells, a motor neuron-like cell line. In the present study, to clarify the mechanisms underlying PGE2-induced neurotoxicity, we focused on generation of intracellular r

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Gelenbe, Erol, and Jean-Michel Fourneau. "Random Neural Networks with Multiple Classes of Signals." Neural Computation 11, no. 4 (1999): 953–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089976699300016520.

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By extending the pulsed recurrent random neural network (RNN) discussed in Gelenbe (1989, 1990, 1991), we propose a recurrent random neural network model in which each neuron processes several distinctly characterized streams of “signals” or data. The idea that neurons may be able to distinguish between the pulses they receive and use them in a distinct manner is biologically plausible. In engineering applications, the need to process different streams of information simultaneously is commonplace (e.g., in image processing, sensor fusion, or parallel processing systems). In the model we propos

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