Relevant bibliographies by topics / Neuron generation

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Neuron generation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Neuron generation"

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Sarafi-Reinach, Trina R., Tali Melkman, Oliver Hobert, and Piali Sengupta. "The lin-11 LIM homeobox gene specifies olfactory and chemosensory neuron fates in C. elegans." Development 128, no. 17 (September 1, 2001): 3269–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.128.17.3269.

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Chemosensory neuron diversity in C. elegans arises from the action of transcription factors that specify different aspects of sensory neuron fate. In the AWB and AWA olfactory neurons, the LIM homeobox gene lim-4 and the nuclear hormone receptor gene odr-7 are required to confer AWB and AWA-specific characteristics respectively, and to repress an AWC olfactory neuron-like default fate. Here, we show that AWA neuron fate is also regulated by a member of the LIM homeobox gene family, lin-11. lin-11 regulates AWA olfactory neuron differentiation by initiating expression of odr-7, which then autoregulates to maintain expression. lin-11 also regulates the fate of the ASG chemosensory neurons, which are the lineal sisters of the AWA neurons. We show that lin-11 is expressed dynamically in the AWA and ASG neurons, and that misexpression of lin-11 is sufficient to promote an ASG, but not an AWA fate, in a subset of neuron types. Our results suggest that differential temporal regulation of lin-11, presumably together with its interaction with asymmetrically segregated factors, results in the generation of the distinct AWA and ASG sensory neuron types. We propose that a LIM code may be an important contributor to the generation of functional diversity in a subset of olfactory and chemosensory neurons in C. elegans.
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Van de Bittner, Genevieve C., Misha M. Riley, Luxiang Cao, Janina Ehses, Scott P. Herrick, Emily L. Ricq, Hsiao-Ying Wey, et al. "Nasal neuron PET imaging quantifies neuron generation and degeneration." Journal of Clinical Investigation 127, no. 2 (January 23, 2017): 681–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/jci89162.

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Torben-Nielsen, Ben, Karl Tuyls, and Eric Postma. "EvOL-Neuron: Neuronal morphology generation." Neurocomputing 71, no. 4-6 (January 2008): 963–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2007.02.016.

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Ensini, M., T. N. Tsuchida, H. G. Belting, and T. M. Jessell. "The control of rostrocaudal pattern in the developing spinal cord: specification of motor neuron subtype identity is initiated by signals from paraxial mesoderm." Development 125, no. 6 (March 15, 1998): 969–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.125.6.969.

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The generation of distinct classes of motor neurons is an early step in the control of vertebrate motor behavior. To study the interactions that control the generation of motor neuron subclasses in the developing avian spinal cord we performed in vivo grafting studies in which either the neural tube or flanking mesoderm were displaced between thoracic and brachial levels. The positional identity of neural tube cells and motor neuron subtype identity was assessed by Hox and LIM homeodomain protein expression. Our results show that the rostrocaudal identity of neural cells is plastic at the time of neural tube closure and is sensitive to positionally restricted signals from the paraxial mesoderm. Such paraxial mesodermal signals appear to control the rostrocaudal identity of neural tube cells and the columnar subtype identity of motor neurons. These results suggest that the generation of motor neuron subtypes in the developing spinal cord involves the integration of distinct rostrocaudal and dorsoventral patterning signals that derive, respectively, from paraxial and axial mesodermal cell groups.
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McKenna, William L., Christian F. Ortiz-Londono, Thomas K. Mathew, Kendy Hoang, Sol Katzman, and Bin Chen. "Mutual regulation between Satb2 and Fezf2 promotes subcerebral projection neuron identity in the developing cerebral cortex." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 37 (August 31, 2015): 11702–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1504144112.

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Generation of distinct cortical projection neuron subtypes during development relies in part on repression of alternative neuron identities. It was reported that the special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (Satb2) is required for proper development of callosal neuron identity and represses expression of genes that are essential for subcerebral axon development. Surprisingly, Satb2 has recently been shown to be necessary for subcerebral axon development. Here, we unravel a previously unidentified mechanism underlying this paradox. We show that SATB2 directly activates transcription of forebrain embryonic zinc finger 2 (Fezf2) and SRY-box 5 (Sox5), genes essential for subcerebral neuron development. We find that the mutual regulation between Satb2 and Fezf2 enables Satb2 to promote subcerebral neuron identity in layer 5 neurons, and to repress subcerebral characters in callosal neurons. Thus, Satb2 promotes the development of callosal and subcerebral neurons in a cell context-dependent manner.
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WANG, LEI, PEI-JI LIANG, PU-MING ZHANG, and YI-HONG QIU. "ADAPTATION-DEPENDENT SYNCHRONIZATION TRANSITIONS AND BURST GENERATIONS IN ELECTRICALLY COUPLED NEURAL NETWORKS." International Journal of Neural Systems 24, no. 08 (November 20, 2014): 1450033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065714500336.

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A typical feature of neurons is their ability to encode neural information dynamically through spike frequency adaptation (SFA). Previous studies of SFA on neuronal synchronization were mainly concentrated on the correlated firing between neuron pairs, while the synchronization of neuron populations in the presence of SFA is still unclear. In this study, the influence of SFA on the population synchronization of neurons was numerically explored in electrically coupled networks, with regular, small-world, and random connectivity, respectively. The simulation results indicate that cross-correlation indices decrease significantly when the neurons have adaptation compared with those of nonadapting neurons, similar to previous experimental observations. However, the synchronous activity of population neurons exhibits a rather complex adaptation-dependent manner. Specifically, synchronization strength of neuron populations changes nonmonotonically, depending on the degree of adaptation. In addition, single neurons in the networks can switch from regular spiking to bursting with the increase of adaptation degree. Furthermore, the connection probability among neurons exhibits significant influence on the population synchronous activity, but has little effect on the burst generation of single neurons. Accordingly, the results may suggest that synchronous activity and burst firing of population neurons are both adaptation-dependent.
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Abbott, L. F., E. Marder, and S. L. Hooper. "Oscillating Networks: Control of Burst Duration by Electrically Coupled Neurons." Neural Computation 3, no. 4 (December 1991): 487–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.1991.3.4.487.

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The pyloric network of the stomatogastric ganglion in crustacea is a central pattern generator that can produce the same basic rhythm over a wide frequency range. Three electrically coupled neurons, the anterior burster (AB) neuron and two pyloric dilator (PD) neurons, act as a pacemaker unit for the pyloric network. The functional characteristics of the pacemaker network are the result of electrical coupling between neurons with quite different intrinsic properties, each contributing a basic feature to the complete circuit. The AB neuron, a conditional oscillator, plays a dominant role in rhythm generation. In the work described here, we manipulate the frequency of the AB neuron both isolated and electrically coupled to the PD neurons. Physiological and modeling studies indicate that the PD neurons play an important role in regulating the duration of the bursts produced by the pacemaker unit.
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Gawthrop, Charles Stroud, Kavitha Challagulla, Annette Vu, Lynne Bianchi, Kate F. Barald, and John A. Germiller. "R440 – Generation of Neuron-Like Cells in Spiral Ganglion Cultures." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 139, no. 2_suppl (August 2008): P191—P192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2008.05.596.

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Problem Development of the auditory nerve is dependent on neurotrophic factors. Neurotrophins BDNF and NT-3 are critical in the later stages of development. More recently, a substance secreted by the early inner ear, otocyst-derived factor (ODF), was shown to stimulate development of primitive auditory neurons at the earliest stages. We hypothesized that this powerful neurotrophic substance might be capable of regenerating auditory neurons in the mature animal. Methods Cultured neurons and whole explants from neonatal mouse spiral ganglia were incubated with either BDNF or supernatant from an ODF-secreting cell line. Results Exposure to ODF resulted in large numbers of cells which stained with neuronal markers, and had neuronal morphology. Though they appeared somewhat different from the native spiral ganglion neurons seen in BDNF-treated cultures, they were present in vastly greater numbers, and appeared to arise from within the proliferating, migrating glial cell populations growing along with the neurons. These cells were not seen in cultures containing either control serum or BDNF. Addition of beta-bungarotoxin, a neurotoxin, to spiral ganglia just after harvest destroyed the native neurons, which did not regenerate upon addition of BDNF. However, many of the new neuron-like cells were observed after rescue with ODF, suggesting they represented a newly regenerated population of cells. Conclusion These data suggest that the components of ODF have the potential to regenerate neuronal cells, possibly from precursors or stem cells existing within the supporting cell populations of the auditory nerve. Significance The ability to regenerate auditory neurons would have exciting implications on the design and function of cochlear implants. Work continues in our lab to better define the properties of these new cells, and to isolate ODF's active component growth factors. Support Commonwealth of Pennsylvania's Tobacco Formula Fund.
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Clarkson, Jenny, Su Young Han, Richard Piet, Timothy McLennan, Grace M. Kane, Jamie Ng, Robert W. Porteous, et al. "Definition of the hypothalamic GnRH pulse generator in mice." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 47 (November 6, 2017): E10216—E10223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1713897114.

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The pulsatile release of luteinizing hormone (LH) is critical for mammalian fertility. However, despite several decades of investigation, the identity of the neuronal network generating pulsatile reproductive hormone secretion remains unproven. We use here a variety of optogenetic approaches in freely behaving mice to evaluate the role of the arcuate nucleus kisspeptin (ARNKISS) neurons in LH pulse generation. Using GCaMP6 fiber photometry, we find that the ARNKISS neuron population exhibits brief (∼1 min) synchronized episodes of calcium activity occurring as frequently as every 9 min in gonadectomized mice. These ARNKISS population events were found to be near-perfectly correlated with pulsatile LH secretion. The selective optogenetic activation of ARNKISS neurons for 1 min generated pulses of LH in freely behaving mice, whereas inhibition with archaerhodopsin for 30 min suppressed LH pulsatility. Experiments aimed at resetting the activity of the ARNKISS neuron population with halorhodopsin were found to reset ongoing LH pulsatility. These observations indicate the ARNKISS neurons as the long-elusive hypothalamic pulse generator driving fertility.
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Martinez-Morales, J. R., J. A. Barbas, E. Marti, P. Bovolenta, D. Edgar, and A. Rodriguez-Tebar. "Vitronectin is expressed in the ventral region of the neural tube and promotes the differentiation of motor neurons." Development 124, no. 24 (December 15, 1997): 5139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.124.24.5139.

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The extracellular matrix protein vitronectin and its mRNA are present in the embryonic chick notochord, floor plate and in the ventral neural tube at the time position of motor neuron generation. When added to cultures of neural tube explants of developmental stage 9, vitronectin promotes the generation of motor neurons in the absence of either notochord or exogenously added Sonic hedgehog. Conversely, the neutralisation of endogenous vitronectin with antibodies inhibits over 90% motor neuron differentiation in co-cultured neural tube/notochord explants, neural tube explants cultured in the presence of Sonic hedgehog, and in committed (stage 13) neural tube explants. Furthermore, treatment of embryos with anti-vitronectin antibodies results in a substantial and specific reduction in the number of motor neurons generated in vivo. These results demonstrate that vitronectin stimulates the differentiation of motor neurons in vitro and in vivo. Since the treatment of stage 9 neural tube explants with Sonic hedgehog resulted in induction of vitronectin mRNA expression before the expression of floor plate markers, we conclude that vitronectin may act either as a downstream effector in the signalling cascade induced by Sonic hedgehog, or as a synergistic factor that increases Shh-induced motor neuron differentiation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Neuron generation"

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Nangla, Jyoti. "The study of neurogenesis in the rodent telencephalon." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325881.

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Stifani, Nicolas. "Generation of motor neuron diversity in the cervical spinal cord." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=106433.

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Motor neurons are important neuronal cell types in charge of controlling the contraction of effector muscles. In order to be able to generate complex movements specific groups of motor neurons (termed pools) must form precise connections with the muscles they innervate. Spinal cord motor neuron identities are specified by the coordination of extrinsic signals and intrinsic sets of transcription factors expressed by undifferentiated progenitors and maturing neurons. In an effort to elucidate the intrinsic mechanisms that control the formation of defined motor neuron pools, the detailed expression pattern of the runt-related transcription factor 1 (Runx1) was characterized. Runx1 is expressed in restricted populations of spinal motor neurons in the cervical segments during their post-mitotic development. Therefore, the expression of Runx1 enlightens the identity of specific motor neuron populations during their development. Loss of Runx1 function does not affect the survival of these motor neurons but results in a loss of expression of motor neuron-specific genes and a concomitant activation of interneuron-specific genes. Conversely, ectopic expression of Runx1 in the spinal cord of developing chick embryos suppresses interneuron gene expression and promotes motor-neuron differentiation programs. These results suggest that Runx1 is both necessary and sufficient to suppress interneuron-specific developmental programs and promote maintenance of motor neuron characteristics. These findings identify Runx1 as an important factor during the consolidation of selected spinal motor-neuron identities. As a result of these findings, this thesis provides an accurate description of spinal motor neuron identities during the period of their formation. Furthermore, these results suggest that maturing motor neurons must ensure the persistence of their motor identity throughout embryonic life by dynamically maintaining motor neuron gene expression and persistently suppressing interneuron developmental program.
Les motoneurones sont des cellules nerveuses qui ont un rôle primordial : le contrôle de la contraction des muscles. Afin de réaliser des mouvements complexes, les motoneurones doivent conserver l'identité des muscles qu'ils innervent. L'identité des motoneurones de la moelle épinière s'acquière par l'action conjointe et coordonnée de signaux extrinsèques et de facteurs de transcription intracellulaires. Dans ce contexte, l'expression du facteur de transcription, runt-related transcription factor 1 (Runx1), a été étudié. Runx1 est exprimé de façon transitoire durant le développement post-mitotique embryonnaire de certaines populations spécifiques de motoneurones limités aux segments cervicaux de la moelle épinière. L'inactivation de la fonction de Runx1 n'affecte pas la survie de ces motoneurones mais résulte en une diminution de l'expression de certains gènes impliqués spécifiquement dans le développement des motoneurones ainsi qu'à une activation concomitante de l'expression de gènes impliqués exclusivement dans le programme de développement des inter-neurones. À l'inverse l'expression ectopique de Runx1 dans la moelle épinière d'embryons de poulet réprime l'expression de gènes spécifiques aux inter-neurones et stimule le programme de différentiation des motoneurones. L'ensemble de ces résultats suggère que Runx1 est non seulement nécessaire mais également suffisant pour supprimer le programme de différentiation des inter-neurones et promouvoir la maintenance de caractéristiques propres aux motoneurones. Cette thèse fournit une description précise de l'identité des motoneurones durant leur développement. Ces résultats présentent Runx1 comme un acteur important dans la consolidation de l'identité des motoneurones de la moelle épinière et suggèrent que les motoneurones en développement doivent maintenir la répression de l'expression de gènes impliqués dans développement des inter-neurones afin de conserver l'intégrité de leur identité.
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Lyon, Alison Nicole. "Generation and Analysis of Motor Neuron Disease Models in Zebrafish." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1337276861.

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Christou, Yiota Apostolou. "Generation of motor neurons from embryonic stem cells : application in studies of the motor neuron disease mechanism." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.505426.

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Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent cells with the potential to differentiate into any cell type in the presence of appropriate stimulatory factors and environmental cues. Their broad developmental potential has led to the proposal that in the future, the use of human embryonic stem cells or their differentiated progeny may be beneficial in regenerative medicine. In particular, a current goal in the field of clinical neurology is to use stem cells in cell-based therapies for motor neuron disease (MND) or amyotrophic lateral ~clerosis. MND is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that specifically affects upper and lower motor neurons and leads ultimately to death from respiratory failure. Stem cellderived motor neurons could conceivably be used to replace the degenerated cells, to provide authentic substrates for drug development and screening and for furthering our understanding of disease mechanisms. However, to reliably and accurately culture motor neurons, the complex pathways by which differentiation occurs in vivo must be understood and reiterated in vitro to direct embryonic stem cells towards motor neurons. This thesis presents the work I have performed on the directed differentiation of embryonic stem cells towards motor neuron fates. I describe the various experimental approaches I took in attempts to produce motor neurons in vitro. My studies reveal that it is possible to deploy the signals used during normal development to direct the differentiation of both human and mouse embryonic stem cells into neural and neuronal cells, including motor neurons. Two major limitations precluded my analysis of pure motor neuron cultures: first, the high concentrations of the ventralising morphogen, SHH, apparently required to direct embryonic stem cells towards motor neuron fates, and second, the difficulties encountered in culturing purified motor neurons. However, using a mixed culture, I obtained evidence that motor neurons and their progenitors fail to survive in medium conditioned by mutant SOD1-G93A astrocytes.
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Yoo, Raphael J. "Generation of fibronectin gradients on a patterned surface for neuron growth studies." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, p, 2005. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=974436301&sid=6&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Yang, Yujie. "Analysis of developmental and regenerative spinal motor neuron generation in zebrafish larvae." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23591.

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In contrast to mammals, adult zebrafish are able to regenerate motor neurons and regain swimming ability within 6 weeks after a spinal cord injury. During this regenerative process, a range of developmental signals such as dopamine and serotonin are found to be re-deployed. This makes the research of embryonic signals become essential for the promotion of regeneration in the future. In my research, I am interested in identifying genes that are important for motor neuron development and motor axon differentiation. I also aimed to study the ability of zebrafish larvae to regenerate spinal motor neurons, and whether they can be used to study the essential developmental cues and the mechanisms underlying successful functional recovery. Motor axons grow out of the spinal cord in a motor neuron subtype specific manner and innervate different muscle groups to facilitate locomotor movements. To find genes and important pathways involved in motor neuron generation and axon development in zebrafish, we conducted an ENU-induced mutagenesis screen in islet-1:GFP transgenic zebrafish, in which a subset of dorsally projecting motor neurons are labelled. We have discovered 6 mutants displaying delayed or inhibited appearance of secondary motor neurons and/or motor axon deficits among 111 F2 families screened. Through subsequent mutant phenotypical analysis, I focused my study in two mutant lines manifesting a lack of islet-1:GFP motor neurons, and an absence of islet-1:GFP motor axons. I used various molecular markers to characterise the mutant phenotypes and observed several additional anatomical defects. I also initiated the study of causative mutation analysis based on the candidate gene list generated from Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). To gain an insight of the genes’ role in motor neuron development and axonal differentiation, I started functional analyses in order to confirm genes that are responsible for the observed motor neuron/axon phenotypes, and I have achieved some promising preliminary results. Motor neurons are generated from the motor neuron progenitor domain (pMN). This neurogenesis process sharply declines at 48 hours post-fertilisation (hpf), while pMN progenitor cells continue to proliferate to produce oligodendrocytes. By inflicting a mechanical lesion in the spinal cord of zebrafish larvae, we demonstrated that they are capable of regenerate new motor neurons and achieve full functional recovery within 48 hours following the injury, sharing similar mechanisms to that of the adult zebrafish. I further studied oligodendrocyte generation and found that pMN domain is able to switch from oligodendrogenesis to motor neuron generation after a spinal lesion. This demonstrates the high plasticity of the pMN domain. Interestingly, the generation of dorsal Pax2-positive interneurons was not altered after the lesion, suggesting that the regenerative potential differs in different progenitor domains. This study showed that the motor neuron regenerative process in zebrafish larvae is robust and they can be used for studying motor neuron regeneration. Taken together, the discovery of the genes from our screen will provide insights to the developmental cues that are involved in motor neuron generation and axon growth. Furthermore, spinal cord lesion in larval zebrafish larvae is established as a regenerative model that can be utilized to dissect the roles and mechanisms of these signals and pathways in the promotion of motor neuron regeneration.
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Šagát, Martin. "Návrh generativní kompetitivní neuronové sítě pro generování umělých EKG záznamů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-413114.

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The work deals with the generation of ECG signals using generative adversarial networks (GAN). It examines in detail the basics of artificial neural networks and the principles of their operation. It theoretically describes the use and operation and the most common types of failures of generative adversarial networks. In this work, a general procedure of signal preprocessing suitable for GAN training was derived, which was used to compile a database. In this work, a total of 3 different GAN models were designed and implemented. The results of the models were visually displayed and analyzed in detail. Finally, the work comments on the achieved results and suggests further research direction of methods dealing with the generation of ECG signals.
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Michalikova, Martina. "Mechanisms of spikelet generation in cortical pyramidal neurons." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17753.

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Unter Spikelets versteht man kleine Depolarisationen mit einer Spike-ähnlichen Wellenform, die man in intrazellulären Ableitungen von verschiedenen Neuronentypen messen kann. In kortikalen Pyramidenzellen wurde ausgeprägte Spikelet-Aktivität nachgewiesen, die erheblich das Membranpotential beeinflussen kann (Crochet et al., 2004; Epsztein et al., 2010; Chorev and Brecht, 2012). Nichtsdestotrotz bleibt der Ursprung von Spikelets in diesen Neuronen unbekannt. In der vorgelegten Arbeit nutzte ich theoretische Modellierung um die Mechanismen von Spikelet-Erzeugung in Pyramidenzellen zu untersuchen. Zuerst sah ich die verschiedenen Hypothesen über den Ursprung von Spikelets durch. In der Literatur entdeckte ich zwei verschiedene Typen von Spikelets. Diese Arbeit konzentriert sich auf den häufiger vorkommenden Typ von Spikelets, welcher durch relativ große Amplituden gekennzeichnet ist. Die Eigenschaften dieser Spikelets passen am besten zu einem axonal Erzeugungsmechanismus. Im zweiten Kapitel widmete ich mich der Hypothese, dass somatische Spikelets axonalen Ursprungs mit somato-dendritischen Inputs hervorgerufen werden können. Ich identifizierte Bedingungen, die es erlauben ein Aktionspotential (AP) am Initialsegment vom Axon (AIS) zu initiieren, welches sich entlang des Axons ausbreitet, aber kein AP im Soma auslöst. Schließlich simulierte ich extrazelluläre Wellenformen von APs und Spikelets und verglich sie mit experimentellen Daten (Chorev and Brecht, 2012). Dieser Vergleich zeigte auf, dass die extrazellulären Wellenformen von Spikelets, die innerhalb einer Zellen am AIS erzeugt werden, gut zu den Daten passen. Zusammenfassend unterstützen meine Ergebnisse die Hypothese, dass Spikelets in Pyramidenzellen am AIS entstehen. Dieser Mechanismus könnte ein Mittel zum Energiesparen bei der Erzeugung von Output-APs sein. Außerdem könnte dadurch die dendritische Plastizität, die auf der Rückwärtspropagierung von APs beruht, reguliert werden.
Spikelets are transient spike-like depolarizations of small amplitudes that can be measured in somatic intracellular recordings of many neuron types. Pronounced spikelet activity has been demonstrated in cortical pyramidal neurons in vivo (Crochet et al., 2004; Epsztein et al., 2010; Chorev and Brecht, 2012), influencing membrane voltage dynamics including action potential initiation. Nevertheless, the origin of spikelets in these neurons remains elusive. In thi thesis, I used computational modeling to examine the mechanisms of spikelet generation in pyramidal neurons. First, I reviewed the hypotheses previously suggested to explain spikelet origin. I discovered two qualitatively different spikelet types described in the experimental literature. This thesis focuses on the more commonly reported spikelet type, characterized by relatively large amplitudes of up to 20 mV. I found that the properties of these spikelets fit best to an axonal generation mechanism. Second, I explored the hypothesis that somatic spikelets of axonal origin can be evoked with somato-dendritic inputs. I identified the conditions allowing these orthodromic inputs to trigger an action potential at the axon initial segment, which propagates along the axon to the postsynaptic targets, but fails to elicit an action potential in the soma and the dendrites. Third, I simulated extracellular waveforms of action potentials and spikelets and compared them to experimental data (Chorev and Brecht, 2012). This comparison demonstrated that the extracellular waveforms of single-cell spikelets of axonal origin are consistent with the data. Together, my results suggest that spikelets in pyramidal neurons might originate at the axon initial segment within a single cell. Such a mechanism might be a way of reducing the energetic costs associated with the generation of output action potentials. Moreover, it might allow to control the dendritic plasticity by backpropagating action potentials.
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Shao, Jie. "Putative Role of Connectivity in the Generation of Spontaneous Bursting Activity in an Excitatory Neuron Population." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5086.

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Population-wide synchronized rhythmic bursts of electrical activity are present in a variety of neural circuits. The proposed general mechanisms for rhythmogenesis are often attributed to intrinsic and synaptic properties. For example, the recurrent excitation through excitatory synaptic connections determines burst initiation, and the slower kinetics of ionic currents or synaptic depression results in burst termination. In such theories, a slow recovery process is essential for the slow dynamics associated with bursting. This thesis presents a new hypothesis that depends on the connectivity pattern among neurons rather than a slow kinetic process to achieve the network-wide bursting. The thesis begins with an introduction of bursts of electrical activity in a purely excitatory neural network and existing theories explaining this phenomenon. It then covers the small-world approach, which is applied to modify the network structure in the simulation, and the Morris-Lecar (ML) neuron model, which is used as the component cells in the network. Simulation results of the dependence of bursting activity on network connectivity, as well as the inherent network properties explaining this dependence are described. This work shows that the network-wide bursting activity emerges in the small-world network regime but not in the regular or random networks, and this small-world bursting primarily results from the uniform random distribution of long-range connections in the network, as well as the unique dynamics in the ML model. Both attributes foster progressive synchronization in firing activity throughout the network during a burst, and this synchronization may terminate a burst in the absence of an obvious slow recovery process. The thesis concludes with possible future work.
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Wagner, Justin. "Whole Exome Sequencing to Identify Disease-Causing Mutations in Lower Motor Neuron Disease and Peripheral Neuropathy." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34124.

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Lower motor neuron diseases and peripheral neuropathies are two groups of diseases that include multiple rare disorders where many causes are unknown and definitive treatments are unavailable. Understanding the molecular etiology of these genetic diseases provides an opportunity for rapid diagnosis, preconception genetic counseling and, in a subset, direction for the development of future treatment options. The recent introduction of whole exome sequencing (WES) marks a new era in Mendelian genetic disease research as the majority of the coding region of the genome can be sequenced in a timely and cost-effective manner. In this study, WES was used to investigate the molecular etiology of a cohort of 37 patients presenting with lower motor neuron disease or peripheral neuropathy. A molecular diagnosis was determined for seven patients informing the diagnostic utility of WES. Novel phenotypes were found for three genes originally associated with a different disorder. Finally, the foundation has been laid, through the use of functional studies and large scale data-sharing, to identify novel disease-causing genes for lower motor neuron disease and peripheral neuropathy.
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Books on the topic "Neuron generation"

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Konieczny, Marek A. Generation of neutron kerma factors from double-differential neutron data. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1991.

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Kumar, Das Basanta. Development of compact D-D neutron generator. Mumbai, India: Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, 2011.

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Souček, Branko. Neural and massively parallel computers: The sixth generation. New York: Wiley, 1988.

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Souc̆ek, Branko. Neural and concurrent real-time systems: The sixth generation. New York: Wiley, 1989.

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C, Jain L., and Johnson R. P, eds. Automatic generation of neural network architecture using evolutionary computation. Singapore: World Scientific, 1997.

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Neural and concurrent real-time systems: The sixth generation. New York: Wiley, 1989.

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Gusmão, António, Nuno Horta, Nuno Lourenço, and Ricardo Martins. Analog IC Placement Generation via Neural Networks from Unlabeled Data. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50061-0.

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Group, IRIS, ed. Neural and intelligent systems integration: Fifth and sixth generation integrated reasoning information systems. New York: Wiley, 1991.

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Immer wieder Familie: Familien- und Generationenromane in der neueren Literatur. Innsbruck: StudienVerlag, 2012.

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The informational complexity of learning: Perspectives on neural networks and generative grammar. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Neuron generation"

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Goodman, Robert L., Satoshi Okhura, Hiroaki Okamura, Lique M. Coolen, and Michael N. Lehman. "KNDy Hypothesis for Generation of GnRH Pulses: Evidence from Sheep and Goats." In The GnRH Neuron and its Control, 289–324. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119233275.ch12.

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Abrecht, Stephanie, Maram Akila, Sujan Sai Gannamaneni, Konrad Groh, Christian Heinzemann, Sebastian Houben, and Matthias Woehrle. "Revisiting Neuron Coverage and Its Application to Test Generation." In Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security. SAFECOMP 2020 Workshops, 289–301. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55583-2_21.

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Clarke, Iain. "Generation of the GnRH Surge and LH Surge by the Positive Feedback Effect of Estrogen." In The GnRH Neuron and its Control, 325–56. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119233275.ch13.

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Sun, Jinsheng, and Moshe Zukerman. "An Adaptive Neuron AQM for a Stable Internet." In NETWORKING 2007. Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks, Wireless Networks, Next Generation Internet, 844–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72606-7_72.

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Burg, Thomas, and Nadine Tschichold-Gürman. "An extended neuron model for efficient timeseries generation and prediction." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 1005–10. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0020284.

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López-Torres, M. R., F. Diaz-del-Rio, M. Domínguez-Morales, G. Jimenez-Moreno, and A. Linares-Barranco. "AER Spiking Neuron Computation on GPUs: The Frame-to-AER Generation." In Neural Information Processing, 199–208. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24955-6_24.

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McCrimmon, Donald R., Armelle Monnier, Krzysztof Ptak, Greer Zummo, Zhong Zhang, and George F. Alheid. "Respiratory Rhythm Generation: Prebötzinger Neuron Discharge Patterns and Persistent Sodium Current." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 147–52. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1375-9_23.

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Vellasco, Marley M. B. R., and Philip C. Treleaven. "The generic neuron architectural framework for the automatic generation of ASICs." In New Trends in Neural Computation, 476–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-56798-4_191.

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Kamada, Shin, and Takumi Ichimura. "A Structural Learning Method of Restricted Boltzmann Machine by Neuron Generation and Annihilation Algorithm." In Neural Information Processing, 372–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46681-1_45.

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Karl, Mike O., and Thomas A. Reh. "Studying the Generation of Regenerated Retinal Neuron from Müller Glia in the Mouse Eye." In Retinal Development, 213–27. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-848-1_15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Neuron generation"

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Basu, Saurav, Alla Aksel, Barry Condron, and Scott T. Acton. "Tree2Tree: Neuron segmentation for generation of neuronal morphology." In 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Macro. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2010.5490289.

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Qi Chunqing, Yang Yong, and Suo Ji. "Single neuron controller of VSCF wind power generation system." In 2009 International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation (ICMA). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icma.2009.5246509.

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Yang, Yanling, Yang Deng, Xueyan Xiong, Binglei Shi, Li Ge, and Jiagui Wu. "Neuron-Like Optical Spiking Generation Based on Silicon Microcavity." In 2020 IEEE 20th International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icct50939.2020.9295847.

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DeHaven, J. G., Y. Han, and H. S. Tzou. "Transition of Neural Signals on Cylindrical Shells With Various Curvatures." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-85153.

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Sensing and control are essential to achieving the high performance and high precision of modern aerospace structures and systems. Typical off-the-shelf sensors placed at discrete locations usually add additional weights and thus often influence dynamic responses of precision systems. Unlike the conventional discrete add-on sensors, thin lightweight piezoelectric layers can be spatially spread and distributed over the surfaces of precision structures. The purpose of this study is to investigate microscopic neural signal generations from infinitesimal piezoelectric neurons over a cylindrical shell panel of various curvature angles and to determine dominating signal components resulting from longitudinal or circumferential membrane strains or longitudinal or circumferential bending strains. Dynamic equations of cylindrical shells are defined first, followed by free-vibration analysis. Then, mode shape functions and modal spatial strain distributions are used to determine the signal generation of distributed neuron sensors laminated on a linear cylindrical shell panel. The microscopic signal generations of infinitesimal piezoelectric sensors or neurons are investigated for three different curvature angles, i.e., β* = 30°, 90°, and 150°, of a simply-supported cylindrical shell panel. Evaluating these three cases suggests that as the curvature increases from 0° to 360°, the neural signals from the membrane strain dominate for lower natural modes before the neural signals from the bending strain become dominating as the mode increases.
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Lidan Wang, Shukai Duan, and Xiaofan Yang. "Generation of delayed chaotic neuron with an axisymmetric activation function." In 2008 7th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcica.2008.4593080.

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Chen, Yajie, Steve Hall, Liam Mcdaid, Octavian Buiu, and Peter Kelly. "A Solid State Neuron for the Realisation of Highly Scaleable Third Generation Neural Networks." In 2006 8th International Conference on Solid-State and Integrated Circuit Technology Proceedings. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsict.2006.306684.

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Wang, Lidan, and Shukai Duan. "Generation and Circuitry Implementation of an N-Double Scroll Delayed Chaotic Neuron." In 2008 Fourth International Conference on Natural Computation. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnc.2008.858.

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Tzou, H. S., and J. H. Ding. "Spatially Distributed Signals of Nonlinear Paraboloidal Shells With Distributed Neurons." In ASME 2001 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2001/vib-21545.

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Abstract Effective health monitoring and distributed control of advanced structures depends on accurate measurements of dynamic responses of elastic structures. Conventional sensors used for structural measurement are usually add-on “discrete” devices. Lightweight distributed thin-film piezoelectric neurons fully integrated (laminated or embedded) with structural components can serve as in-situ sensors monitoring structure’s dynamic state and health status. This study is to investigate modal voltages and detailed signal contributions of linear or nonlinear paraboloidal shells of revolution laminated with piezoelectric neurons. Signal generation of distributed neuron sensors laminated on paraboloidal shells is defined first, based on the open-voltage assumption and Maxwell’s principle. The neuron signal of a linear paraboloidal shell is composed of a linear membrane component and a linear bending component; the signal of a nonlinear paraboloidal shell governed by the von Karman geometric nonlinearity is composed of nonlinear and linear membrane components and a linear bending component. Signal components and distributed modal voltages of linear and nonlinear paraboloidal shells with various curvatures and thickness are investigated.
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Kamada, Shin, and Takumi Ichimura. "An adaptive learning method of Restricted Boltzmann Machine by neuron generation and annihilation algorithm." In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smc.2016.7844417.

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Dineva, Adrienn, Jozsef K. Tar, and Annamaria Varkonyi-Koczy. "Novel Generation of Fixed Point Transformation for the Adaptive Control of a Nonlinear Neuron Model." In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smc.2015.179.

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Reports on the topic "Neuron generation"

1

Gomes, I. Analysis of the neutron generation from a D-Li neutron source. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10146761.

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Flaska, Marek, and Kenan Unlu. Versatile D-T Neutron-Generation System for Fast-Neutron Research and Education. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1494839.

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Bange, Marilyn S. PHS Neutron Generator Monitor Laboratory. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1481625.

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Cai-Lin Wang. NEXT GENERATION NEUTRON SCINTILLATORS BASED ON SEMICONDUCTOR NANOSTRUCTURES. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/948092.

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Bruss, Donald, and Lawrence Sanchez. Multigroup Neutron Cross Section Generation for the SCEPTRE Code. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1762680.

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Desimone, David J., and Martyn T. Swinhoe. Absolute Neutron Flux Measurements of a D-T Neutron Generator. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1072233.

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Kerr, P., N. Cherepy, J. Hall, J. Church, G. Guethlein, S. ONeal, C. McNamee, et al. Neutron Transmission Imaging with a Portable D-T Neutron Generator. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1814672.

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Leung, Ka-Ngo, Daniel Morse, Allan Chen, Paul Hausladen, J. Felix Liang, and John S. Neal. ADVANCED NEUTRON GENERATOR FOR SNM IMAGING. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1097494.

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Jerng, D. W., and J. M. Carpenter. Heat generation and neutron beam characteristics in a high power pulsed spallation neutron source. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/396586.

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Dawn, William C., Javier Ortensi, Mark D. DeHart, and Scott P. Palmtag. Comparison of Generation of Higher-Order Neutron Scattering Cross Sections. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1593864.

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