Relevant bibliographies by topics / Neuron counts

Academic literature on the topic 'Neuron counts'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Neuron counts"

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West, Christian Alexander, Andrew McKay Hart, Giorgio Terenghi, and Mikael Wiberg. "Sensory Neurons of the Human Brachial Plexus." Neurosurgery 70, no. 5 (October 27, 2011): 1183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0b013e318241ace1.

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Abstract BACKGROUND: Extensive neuron death following peripheral nerve trauma is implicated in poor sensory recovery. Translational research for experimentally proven neuroprotective drugs requires knowledge of the numbers and distribution of sensory neurons in the human upper limb and a novel noninvasive clinical measure of neuron loss. OBJECTIVE: To compare optical fractionation and volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in histological quantification and objective clinical assessment of human brachial plexus sensory neurons. METHODS: Bilateral C5-T1 DRG were harvested from 5 human cadavers for stereological volume measurement and sensory neuron counts (optical fractionator). MRI scans were obtained from 14 healthy volunteers for volumetric analysis of C5-T1 DRG. RESULTS: The brachial plexus is innervated by 425 409 (standard deviation 15 596) sensory neurons with a significant difference in neuron counts and DRG volume between segmental levels (P < .001), with C7 ganglion containing the most. DRG volume correlated with neuron counts (r = 0.75, P < .001). Vertebral artery pulsation hindered C5 and 6 imaging, yet high-resolution MRI of C7, C8, and T1 DRG permitted unbiased volume measurement. In accord with histological analysis, MRI confirmed a significant difference between C7, C8, and T1 DRG volume (P < .001), interindividual variability (CV = 15.3%), and sex differences (P = .04). Slight right-left sided disparity in neuron counts (2.5%, P = .04) was possibly related to hand dominance, but no significant volume disparity existed. CONCLUSION: Neuron counts for the human brachial plexus are presented. These correlate with histological DRG volumes and concur with volumetric MRI results in human volunteers. Volumetric MRI of C7-T1 DRG is a legitimate noninvasive proxy measure of sensory neurons for clinical study.
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Christov, Florian, Erik G. Nelson, and Michael B. Gluth. "Human Superior Olivary Nucleus Neuron Populations in Subjects With Normal Hearing and Presbycusis." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 127, no. 8 (June 4, 2018): 527–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003489418779405.

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Introduction: Normative data on superior olivary nucleus neuron counts derived from human specimens are sparse, and little is known about their coherence with structure and function of the cochlea. The purpose of this study was to quantify the neuron populations of the divisions of the superior olivary nucleus in human subjects with normal hearing and presbycusis and investigate potential relationships between these findings and histopathology in the cochlea and hearing phenotype Methods: Histopathologic examination of temporal bone and brainstem specimens from 13 subjects having normal hearing or presbycusis was undertaken. The following was determined for each: number and density of superior olivary nucleus and cochlear nucleus neurons, inner and outer hair cell counts, spiral ganglion cell counts, and pure tone audiometry. Results: The results demonstrate a significant relationship between cells within structures of the cochlear nucleus and the number of neurons of the medial superior olivary nucleus. No relationship between superior olivary nucleus neuron counts/density and cochlear histopathology or hearing phenotype was encountered. Conclusion: Normative data for superior olivary nucleus neuron populations are further established in the data presented in this study that includes subjects with normal hearing and also presbycusis.
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Barnes, Christopher L., Daniel Bonnéry, and Albert Cardona. "Synaptic counts approximate synaptic contact area in Drosophila." PLOS ONE 17, no. 4 (April 4, 2022): e0266064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266064.

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The pattern of synaptic connections among neurons defines the circuit structure, which constrains the computations that a circuit can perform. The strength of synaptic connections is costly to measure yet important for accurate circuit modeling. Synaptic surface area has been shown to correlate with synaptic strength, yet in the emerging field of connectomics, most studies rely instead on the counts of synaptic contacts between two neurons. Here we quantified the relationship between synaptic count and synaptic area as measured from volume electron microscopy of the larval Drosophila central nervous system. We found that the total synaptic surface area, summed across all synaptic contacts from one presynaptic neuron to a postsynaptic one, can be accurately predicted solely from the number of synaptic contacts, for a variety of neurotransmitters. Our findings support the use of synaptic counts for approximating synaptic strength when modeling neural circuits.
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Gooler, D. M., and A. S. Feng. "Temporal coding in the frog auditory midbrain: the influence of duration and rise-fall time on the processing of complex amplitude-modulated stimuli." Journal of Neurophysiology 67, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1992.67.1.1.

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1. Single-unit recordings were made in the auditory midbrain, the torus semicircularis (TS) of the northern leopard frog, to independently characterize the processing of different temporal attributes (signal duration, rise-fall time, and rate of amplitude modulation) of natural sounds and to investigate how these temporal variables interact to produce the observed responses to complex amplitude-modulated (AM) signals. Response functions, on the basis of mean spike count, were derived and categorized to describe the unit's temporal response characteristics to each of the variables. 2. To characterize the duration response functions, tone bursts of different durations (stimuli repeated at a constant repetition rate) at the unit's characteristic frequency (CF) and 10 dB above minimum threshold at CF (MT) were presented monaurally to the contralateral ear. The duration response function of a TS neuron was often related to the temporal discharge characteristics of the neuron. Increases in stimulus duration elicited an increase in spike counts (therefore, long-pass response function) from most neurons (74%) in the TS; 91% of these neurons showed tonic discharge patterns. Phasic-burst (PB) cells that were rapidly adapting showed long-pass duration response functions that were highly nonlinear, having peaks and notches embedded within the functions. On the other hand, one-third of phasic neurons tended to be insensitive to stimulus duration, giving similar spike counts in response to stimuli of greatly different durations (i.e., all pass). In the TS, some neurons (9%) only responded to a limited range of durations (i.e., band-duration pass), and still others showed a preference for shorter durations (9%; i.e., short pass); these were exhibited primarily by phasic and PB neurons. 3. To characterize the rise-fall time response functions, tone bursts having different rise-fall times were presented. The rise-fall time response functions of TS neurons had two distinct characteristics. The majority of tonic cells (91%), as well as some PB (38%) and phasic (29%) neurons, gave essentially invariant spike counts for all stimulus rise-fall times (i.e., all pass; 73% of neurons). Despite the relatively stable spike counts of neurons showing all-pass functions, the peristimulus time histograms (PSTHs) deriving from responses to slower rise-fall time stimuli exhibited a longer and somewhat more variable onset latency. About one-fourth (27%) of TS neurons, mostly phasic and PB neurons, showed higher spike counts for signals with rapid rise-fall times.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Saari, Laura, Katri Kivinen, Maria Gardberg, Juho Joutsa, Tommi Noponen, and Valtteri Kaasinen. "Dopamine transporter imaging does not predict the number of nigral neurons in Parkinson disease." Neurology 88, no. 15 (March 10, 2017): 1461–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000003810.

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Objective:To examine possible associations between in vivo brain dopamine transporter SPECT imaging and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) neuronal survival in Parkinson disease (PD).Methods:Nigral neuron numbers were calculated for 18 patients (11 patients with neuropathologically confirmed PD) who had been examined with dopamine transporter (DAT) SPECT before death. Correlation analyses between SNc tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)–positive and neuromelanin-containing neuron counts and DAT striatal specific binding ratios (SBRs) were performed with semiquantitative region of interest–based and voxel-based analyses.Results:Mean putamen SBR did not correlate with the number of substantia nigra TH-positive (r = −0.11, p = 0.66) or neuromelanin-containing (r = −0.07, p = 0.78) neurons. Correlations remained clearly nonsignificant when the time interval between SPECT and death was used as a covariate, when the voxel-based analysis was used, and when only patients with PD were included.Conclusions:This cohort study demonstrates that postmortem SNc neuron counts are not associated with striatal DAT binding in PD. These results fit with the theory that there is no correlation between the number of substantia nigra neurons and striatal dopamine after a certain level of damage has occurred. Striatal DAT binding in PD may reflect axonal dysfunction or DAT expression rather than the number of viable neurons.
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Gütig, Robert, Ad Aertsen, and Stefan Rotter. "Statistical Significance of Coincident Spikes: Count-Based Versus Rate-Based Statistics." Neural Computation 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 121–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089976602753284473.

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Inspired by different conceptualizations of temporal neural coding schemes, there has been recent interest in the search for signs of precisely synchronized neural activity in the cortex. One method developed for this task is unitary-event analysis. This method tests multiple single-neuron recordings for short epochs with significantly more coincident spikes than expected from independent neurons. We reformulated the statistical test underlying this method using a coincidence count distribution based on empirical spike counts rather than on estimated spike probabilities. In the case of two neurons, the requirement of stationary firing rates, originally imposed on both neurons, can be relaxed; only the rate of one neuron needs to be stationary, while the other may follow an arbitrary time course. By analytical calculations of the test power curves of the original and the revised method, we demonstrate that the test power can be increased by a factor of two or more in physiologically realistic regimes. In addition, we analyze the effective significance levels of both methods for neural firing rates ranging between 0.2 Hz and 30 Hz.
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Förstl, H., R. Levy, A. Burns, P. Luthert, and N. Cairns. "Pathways and Patterns of Cell Loss in Verified Alzheimer’s Disease: A Factor and Cluster Analysis of Clinico-Pathological Subgroups." Behavioural Neurology 7, no. 3-4 (1994): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1994/325374.

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Thirty-seven patients with neuropathologically verified Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been studied prospectively. A principal components analysis of neuron numbers in cortical and subcortical areas revealed two variables: Variable I with high loadings for the hippocampo-parahippocampo-parietal neuron counts and Variable II with high loadings for coeruleo-frontal cell numbers. Both may reflect functional neuroanatomical connections which may act as pathways of neurodegeneration in AD. A cluster analysis based on these neuron numbers yielded three groups of patients: Cluster A with low hippocampo-parahippocampo-parietal cell counts, Cluster B with well-preserved neuron numbers, and Cluster C with low coeruleo-frontal neuron numbers. Differences in clinical features between these patient groups indicated the potential clinical relevance of these clusters.
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Collins, Christine E., Emily C. Turner, Eva Kille Sawyer, Jamie L. Reed, Nicole A. Young, David K. Flaherty, and Jon H. Kaas. "Cortical cell and neuron density estimates in one chimpanzee hemisphere." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 3 (January 4, 2016): 740–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1524208113.

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The density of cells and neurons in the neocortex of many mammals varies across cortical areas and regions. This variability is, perhaps, most pronounced in primates. Nonuniformity in the composition of cortex suggests regions of the cortex have different specializations. Specifically, regions with densely packed neurons contain smaller neurons that are activated by relatively few inputs, thereby preserving information, whereas regions that are less densely packed have larger neurons that have more integrative functions. Here we present the numbers of cells and neurons for 742 discrete locations across the neocortex in a chimpanzee. Using isotropic fractionation and flow fractionation methods for cell and neuron counts, we estimate that neocortex of one hemisphere contains 9.5 billion cells and 3.7 billion neurons. Primary visual cortex occupies 35 cm2 of surface, 10% of the total, and contains 737 million densely packed neurons, 20% of the total neurons contained within the hemisphere. Other areas of high neuron packing include secondary visual areas, somatosensory cortex, and prefrontal granular cortex. Areas of low levels of neuron packing density include motor and premotor cortex. These values reflect those obtained from more limited samples of cortex in humans and other primates.
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Walters, Karen M., Magalie Boucher, Germaine G. Boucher, Alan C. Opsahl, Peter R. Mouton, Chang-Ning Liu, Casey R. Ritenour, Thomas T. Kawabe, Hayley N. Pryski, and Christopher J. Somps. "No Evidence of Neurogenesis in Adult Rat Sympathetic Ganglia Following Guanethidine-Induced Neuronal Loss." Toxicologic Pathology 48, no. 1 (April 15, 2019): 228–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192623319843052.

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The potential for neurogenesis in the cranial (superior) cervical ganglia (SCG) of the sympathetic nervous system was evaluated. Eleven consecutive daily doses of guanethidine (100 mg/kg/d) were administered intraperitoneally to rats in order to destroy postganglionic sympathetic neurons in SCG. Following the last dose, animals were allowed to recover 1, 3, or 6 months. Right and left SCG from guanethidine-treated and age-matched, vehicle-treated control rats were harvested for histopathologic, morphometric, and stereologic evaluations. Both morphometric and stereologic evaluations confirmed neuron loss following guanethidine treatment. Morphometric analysis revealed a 50% to 60% lower number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons per unit area of SCG at both 3 and 6 months of recovery, compared to ganglia of age-matched controls, with no evidence of restoration of neuron density between 3 and 6 months. Reductions in TH-positive neurons following guanethidine treatment were corroborated by unbiased stereology of total hematoxylin and eosin-stained neuron numbers in SCG. Stereologic analyses revealed that total neuron counts were lower by 37% at 3 months of recovery when compared to age-matched vehicle controls, again with no obvious restoration between 3 and 6 months. Thus, no evidence was found that postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system in the adult rat have a neurogenic capacity.
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Settanni, Gianni, and Alessandro Treves. "Analytical Model for the Effects of Learning on Spike Count Distributions." Neural Computation 12, no. 8 (August 1, 2000): 1773–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089976600300015132.

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The spike count distribution observed when recording from a variety of neurons in many different conditions has a fairly stereotypical shape, with a single mode at zero or close to a low average count, and a long, quasi-exponential tail to high counts. Such a distribution has been suggested to be the direct result of three simple facts: the firing frequency of a typical cortical neuron is close to linear in the summed input current entering the soma, above a threshold; the input current varies on several timescales, both faster and slower than the window used to count spikes; and the input distribution at any timescale can be taken to be approximately normal. The third assumption is violated by associative learning, which generates correlations between the synaptic weight vector on the dendritic tree of a neuron, and the input activity vectors it is repeatedly subject to. We show analytically that for a simple feed-forward model, the normal distribution of the slow components of the input current becomes the sum of two quasi-normal terms. The term important below threshold shifts with learning, while the term important above threshold does not shift but grows in width. These deviations from the standard distribution may be observable in appropriate recording experiments.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Neuron counts"

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Rooney, Brian Douglas 1957. "MEASUREMENT OF SUBCRITICALITY IN NEUTRON MULTIPLYING SYSTEMS USING TIME INTERVAL STATISTICS." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275556.

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Toyokawa, H., A. Uritani, C. Mori, N. Takeda, and K. Kudo. "A Multipurpose Spherical Neutron Counter." IEEE, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/6942.

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Burgett, Eric Anthony. "Novel neutron detectors." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/39622.

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A new set of thermal neutron detectors has been developed as a near term 3He tube replacement. The zinc oxide scintillator is an ultrafast scintillator which can be doped to have performance equal to or superior to 3He tubes. Originally investigated in the early 1950s, this room temperature semiconductor has been evaluated as a thermal neutron scintillator. Zinc oxide can be doped with different nuclei to tune the band gap, improve optical clarity, and improve the thermal neutron detection efficiency. The effects of various dopant effects on the scintillation properties, materials properties, and crystal growth parameters have been analyzed. Two different growth modalities were investigated: bulk melt grown materials as well as thin film scintillators grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). MOCVD has shown significant advantages including precise thickness control, high dopant incorporation, and epitaxial coatings of neutron target nuclei. Detector designs were modeled and simulated to design an improved thermal neutron detector using doped ZnO layers, conformal coatings and light collection improvements including Bragg reflectors and photonic crystal structures. The detectors have been tested for crystalline quality by XRD and FTIR spectroscopy, for scintillation efficiency by photo-luminescence spectroscopy, and for neutron detection efficiency by alpha and neutron radiation tests. Lastly, a novel method for improving light collection efficiency has been investigated, the creation of a photonic crystal scintillator. Here, the flow of optical light photons is controlled through an engineered structure created with the scintillator materials. This work has resulted in a novel radiation detection material for the near term replacement of 3He tubes with performance characteristics equal to or superior to that of 3He.
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Khorsandi, Behrooz. "Modeling of displacement damage in silicon carbide detectors resulting from neutron irradiation." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1173103438.

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Melton, Andrew Geier. "Development of wide bandgap solid-state neutron detectors." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44752.

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In this work novel solid-state neutron detectors based on Gallium Nitride (GaN) have been produced and characterized. GaN is a radiation hard semiconductor which is commonly used in commercial optoelectronic devices. The important design consideration for producing GaN-based neutron detectors have been examined, and device simulations performed. Scintillators and p-i-n diode-type neutron detectors have been grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and characterized. GaN was found to be intrinsically neutron sensitive through the Nitrogen-14 (n, p) reaction. Neutron conversion layers which produce secondary ionizing radiation were also produced and evaluated. GaN scintillator response was found to scale highly linearly with nuclear reactor power, indicating that GaN-based detectors are suitable for use in the nuclear power industry. This work is the first demonstration of using GaN for neutron detection. This is a novel application for a mature semiconductor material. The results presented here provide a proof-of-concept for solid-state GaN-based neutron detectors which offer many potential advantages over the current state-of-the-art, including lower cost, lower power operation, and mechanical robustness. At present Helium-3 proportional counters are the preferred technology for neutron detection, however this isotope is extremely rare, and there is a global shortage. Meanwhile demand for neutron detectors from the nuclear power, particle physics, and homeland security sectors requires development of novel neutron detectors which are which are functional, cost-effective, and deployable.
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Stonehill, Laura C. "Deployment and background characterization of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory neutral current detectors /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9665.

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Pfeuty, Benjamin. "Rôles des synapses électriques dans la synchronisation neuronale : Une étude théorique." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007936.

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Il existe deux modes principaux d'interaction entre neurones : les synapses chimiques et les synapses électriques qui, bien que minoritaires par rapport aux premières, sont présentes dans de nombreuses régions du cerveau où elles sont impliquées dans la synchronisation de l'activité neuronale. Notre étude théorique, qui combine calculs analytiques et simulations numériques, montre que l'impact des synapses électriques sur la synchronisation neuronale dépend des propriétés d'excitabilité des neurones déterminées par leurs courants ioniques. Ainsi, associées à des synapses inhibitrices, les synapses électriques peuvent donc amplifier ou réduire la synchronisation de manière linéaire. Toutefois, lorsque le couplage inhibiteur est suffisamment fort, des effets non-linéaires apparaissent tels que les synapses électriques renforcent la précision et la robustesse de la synchronisation. Ce travail de thèse révèle ainsi le caractère flexible de la synchronisation par les synapses électriques.
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Wong, Hon-chi Heymans, and 黃瀚之. "Studies of the optical properties and the calibration of neutron detectors in underground laboratories." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40203530.

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Diochot, Sylvie. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle des courants calciques dépendants du voltage au cours du développement des neurones embryonnaires de souris." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON1T006.

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Toyokawa, H., M. Yoshizawa, A. Uritani, C. Mori, N. Takeda, and K. Kudo. "Performance of a Spherical Neutron Counter for Spectroscopy and Dosimetry." IEEE, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/6943.

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Books on the topic "Neuron counts"

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Knitel, Mathijs Johan. New inorganic scintillators and storage phosphors for detection of thermal neutrons. Delft: Delft Univ. Press, 1998.

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2

Cummings, F. M. Neutron dosimetry at commercial nuclear plants: Final report of subtask D, TEPC feasibility. Washington, DC: U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1986.

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Neutron personnel dosimetry. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1987.

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McGarry, E. Dale. Neutron source strength calibrations. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1988.

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1943-, Reinalter Helmut, and Reisenleitner Markus 1962-, eds. Handbuch zur neueren Geschichte Österreichs. Innsbruck: StudienVerlag, 2000.

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Burger, G. Guidelines on calibration of neutron measuring devices. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency, 1988.

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Lamaze, George P. Activation foil irradiation with californium fission sources. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1988.

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A, Grundl J., and Center for Radiation Research, eds. Activation foil irradiation with californium fission sources. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1988.

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Lamaze, George P. Activation foil irradiation with californium fission sources. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1988.

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W, Maret, ed. Zinc biochemistry, physiology, and homeostasis: Recent insights and current trends. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Neuron counts"

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Wrobel, M., D. Bünemann, and L. Greim. "A Multiwire Proportional Counter for Neutron Radiography." In Neutron Radiography, 829–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3871-7_103.

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Tamaki, M., K. Ohkubo, Y. Ikeda, and G. Matsumoto. "Analysis of Two Phase Counter Flow in Heat Pipe By Neutron Radiography." In Neutron Radiography, 609–16. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3871-7_75.

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Calabrò, Antonino, Maria Nadia Postorino, and Giuseppe M. L. Sarnè. "An Acoustic Passive Detector for Traffic Counts with Neural Networks." In Perspectives in Neural Computing, 215–20. London: Springer London, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0219-9_23.

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da Silva, Ivan Nunes, Danilo Hernane Spatti, Rogerio Andrade Flauzino, Luisa Helena Bartocci Liboni, and Silas Franco dos Reis Alves. "LVQ and Counter-Propagation Networks." In Artificial Neural Networks, 173–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43162-8_9.

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Nguyen, Hung, Duc Thanh Nguyen, and Thin Nguyen. "Estimating County Health Indices Using Graph Neural Networks." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 64–76. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1699-3_6.

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Hu, Xingfei, Deyang Wu, Haiyan Li, Fei Jiang, and Hongtao Lu. "ShallowNet: An Efficient Lightweight Text Detection Network Based on Instance Count-Aware Supervision Information." In Neural Information Processing, 633–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92185-9_52.

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Dixon, S. J., M. B. Dixon, J. Elliott, E. Guest, and D. J. Mullier. "A Neural Network for Counter-Terrorism." In Research and Development in Intelligent Systems XXVIII, 229–34. London: Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2318-7_18.

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Shojaee Bakhtiari, Ali, and Nizar Bouguila. "A Novel Hierarchical Statistical Model for Count Data Modeling and Its Application in Image Classification." In Neural Information Processing, 332–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34481-7_41.

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Raitio, Juha, Tapani Raiko, and Timo Honkela. "Hybrid Bilinear and Trilinear Models for Exploratory Analysis of Three-Way Poisson Counts." In Artificial Neural Networks and Machine Learning – ICANN 2012, 475–82. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33266-1_59.

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Burmeister, J., C. Kota, R. L. Maughan, K. Riley, O. Harling, L. Wielopolski, R. Ma, and J. Coderre. "Microdosimetry Studies at the BMRR and the MITR-II Using Miniature Tissue-Equivalent Proportional Counters." In Frontiers in Neutron Capture Therapy, 581–86. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1285-1_82.

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Conference papers on the topic "Neuron counts"

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Hallett, Peter E. "Eye size and neuron counts in mouse and rat." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1987.wl3.

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Photoreceptors and neurons at various levels to cortex have been counted in mouse and rat. The ratios of neuron numbers (rat/mouse) are similar to the ratio of retinal areas or the squared ratio of eye sizes; so to a first approximation the two species have linearly scaled eyes, equal photoreceptor spacings (in microns), and visual pathways scaled numerically by the number of photoreceptors. The following points can be made: Photoreceptors outnumber neurons at all subsequent levels. Cone sampling exceeds the behavioral acuity limit, the latter being largely determined at or before the ganglion cell level. There are few neurons in the LGNd, and so the corresponding eye parameter p is very large, as is appropriate for nocturnal animals. The general organization is economical, if not sparse, so undersampling occurs even for central vision when the pupils are small. However, aliasing should be slight if the retinal and geniculate sampling lattices are irregular with only a local spatial order. Cortical encoding appears less explicit than in the primate. This seems compatible with either the photon limitations of nocturnal vision or the advantages of a fast though limited range of behavior.
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Rajabi Moghadam, Sahar, Fereydoon Abbasi Davani, and Babak Shirani Bidabadi. "Calibration of Activation Counter by a 2.48 kJ Plasma Focus Device." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-30323.

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A silver activation counter has been constructed by plastic scintillator plates along with silver foils for determination the neutron yield of a 2.48kJ plasma focus device, SBUPF1. This counter was calibrated by source removal method with an Am-Be 5 Ci neutron source which was placed above the anode of plasma focus device. Deuterium gas up to 8mbar pressure was injected to this device, and the neutron yield produced by pulsed D-D fusion of plasma focus device was measured by the counter. the neutron yield of SBUPF1 in 8mbar pressure was obtained 3.71±0.32×107 neutrons per shot. This result has relatively agreed with the neutron yield measured by silver activation Geiger counters.
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Xia, Wenming, Mingchun Jia, and Zhirong Guo. "The Design of a Neutron Dosimeter." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29047.

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At present, most of the developed neutron dosimeters that have a moderator with a single counter, applied in neutron radiation fields within large range energies from thermal to MeV neutrons, are not a satisfaction to energy response. The purpose of the article is designing a suitable neutron dosimeter for the radiation protection purpose. In order to overcome the disadvantage of the energy response of the neutron dosimeters combined a single sphere with a single counter, three spheres and three 3He counters were combined for the detector design. The response function of moderators with different thicknesses combined with SP9 3He counters were calculated with MCNP program MCNP4C [1]. The selection of three different thicknesses of the moderating polyethylene sphere was done with a Matlab program [2]. A suitable combination of three different thicknesses was confirmed for the detector design. The electronic system of the neutron dosimeter was introduced. The fluence to ambient dose-equivalent conversion coefficient were calculated, analyzed and compared with the values recommended in the ICRP 74 Publication [3]. The calculated result explain that it is very significance to this design of neutron dosimeter, it may be applied to the monitor of the ambient dose in the neutron radiation fields, improving at present the status of the energy response of neutron dosimeters.
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Su, Xianghua, Quanhu Zhang, Suxia Hou, Sufen Li, Jianqing Yang, Linjun Hou, Qifan Chen, and Zhichun Xu. "Nuclear Material Measurement Based on Fast Neutron Multiplicity Counter." In 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering collocated with the ASME 2020 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone2020-16151.

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Abstract Fast neutron multiplicity counting (FNMC) analysis method, as a new non-destructive analysis method for nuclear materials, plays an increasingly important role in the measurement of nuclear material properties. Based on the derivation of the FNMC analytical equation of Pu material, the method of solving the sample parameters was given. By analyzing the mechanism of interaction of neutrons and matter, the model used by Geant4 (version 10.4) software was determined, and a set of three-layer, fast neutron multiplicity counters with six liquid scintillation detectors per layer was constructed. Using the fast neutron multiplicity counter to analyze the measured parameters, the detection efficiency variation was less than 0.4% within the 150g sample mass range, and the PuO2 fluctuation was less than the metal Pu. By studying the detection efficiency and the multiplicity counting rate as a function of sample mass, within the 150g sample mass range, both basically meet the model assumptions of the FNMC analytical equation. The metal Pu and PuO2 samples were set separately, and the FNMC analysis equation was solved. When the sample mass was within 150g, the sample mass solution deviation was less than 10%. The results show that the built-in fast neutron multiplicity counter can better measure Pu sample properties.
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Xiao, Huiwen, Xiang Li, Guoming Liu, Yicheng Zhang, Zeng Shao, Min Xu, Xuan Yi, and Haifeng Yang. "The Study of Removal of Secondary Neutron Source of HPR-1000." In 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-93024.

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Abstract When the reactor was in the subcritical state, the criticality safety of the core was monitored by the source range detector which was placed out of the core. According to the “Initial Loading Test for Pressurized Water Reactor of Nuclear Power Plant” (NB/T 20434-2017RK), the recommended value of count rate of the detector was larger than 0.5 cps. But during loading and other subcritical reactor conditions, the number of neutrons in the core is relatively low, causing that the count rate of the ex-core source range detectors could not reach 0.5 cps. Thus, secondary neutron source was placed in the following cycle of reactor to increase the neutron count rate of the ex-core source range detectors to 0.5 cps to meet the standard. In fact, the use of secondary neutron sources raises a number of problems, such as: 1) the production of radioactive and other tritium from secondary neutron sources, the total production of which is a limiting criterion for the construction of nuclear power plants; 2) the increased procurement costs of secondary neutron sources; and 3) the vulnerability to damage due to the long presence of secondary neutron sources in the core, increase the radioactivity level of the primary circuit. Because of the use of low leakage loading fuel management in HPR-1000, the spent fuel assemblies were placed closer to the source range detector and generated more neutrons, it is possible for the ex-core source range detectors to meet the counting requirement of 0.5 cps regardless of whether the core is in the subcritical state. This paper studied the removal of secondary neutron source in HPR-1000. The neutron source intensity of spent fuel assemblies and neutron count rate in fuel loading process were calculated in a conservative method with three dimension monte carlo code. The calculated results had shown that the removal of secondary neutron source in HPR-1000 satisfies safety requirements.
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Haskell, Brynmor. "Signatures of superfluid neutron-star dynamics." In Fast X-ray timing and spectroscopy at extreme count rates. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.122.0034.

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Suleimanov, Valery, Juri Poutanen, and Klaus Werner. "X-ray bursting neutron star atmosphere models." In Fast X-ray timing and spectroscopy at extreme count rates. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.122.0074.

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Diaz Trigo, Maria, Cherry Ng, Marion Cadolle Bel, and Simone Migliari. "M/R constraints from neutron-star iron line." In Fast X-ray timing and spectroscopy at extreme count rates. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.122.0026.

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Suleimanov, Valery. "Magnetized neutron star atmosphere:beyond the cold plasma approximation." In Fast X-ray timing and spectroscopy at extreme count rates. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.122.0081.

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Li, Sufen, Quanhu Zhang, Yonggang Huo, and Man Zhou. "Research on the Neutron Multiplicity Pulse Trains Computer Simulation." In 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-82262.

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Neutron multiplicity counting (NMC) is one of the most advanced Non-Destructive Assay (NDA) techniques. In this paper, the principle and method of generation of neutron pulse trains is studied. A model of 4π cube counter is established for 238Pu sample, the capture time of neutrons is gained by simulation code, then output the neutron pulse trains for post dispose from generated fissile initial-times. The result from post dispose of this neutron pulse trains show a small bias compared with input value, it’s an evidence for the validity of simulation in this paper.
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Reports on the topic "Neuron counts"

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Ianakiev, Kiril D. 6Li-Metal Based Neutron Coincidence Counter for Replacing 3He Gas Proportional Counters. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1082239.

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Rees, Brian G., Doug Walker, John Giles, Christopher Oertel, and Kevin Rolfe. Counts in the ORTEC Detective X neutron channel. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1489922.

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Walston, S. On the Time Interval Distribution Between Neutron Counts in a 3He Proportional Counter with Detector Dead Time. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1055844.

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Peurrung, A. J., S. M. Bowyer, R. A. Craig, G. B. Dudder, M. A. Knopf, M. E. Panisko, P. L. Reeder, D. C. Stromswold, and D. S. Sunberg. A portable neutron coincidence counter. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/435095.

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Krick, M., P. Polk, and J. Atencio. Maintenance neutron coincidence counter manual. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5521240.

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Krick, M. S., D. G. Langner, D. W. Miller, J. R. Wachter, and S. S. Hildner. Thermal-neutron multiplicity counter measurements. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10167251.

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Krick, M. S., H. O. Menlove, and A. Ramalho. Birdcage neutron coincidence counter manual. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5281082.

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Stewart, J. E. Krick, M. S., D. G. Langner, and T. R. Wenz. Neutron multiplicity assay of impure materials using four different neutron counters. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/296803.

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Woodring, Mitchell L., James H. Ely, Richard T. Kouzes, and David C. Stromswold. Boron-Lined Multitube Neutron Proportional Counter Test. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/992017.

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Heimbach, Craig R. The Neutron Sensitivity of a Geiger Counter. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada293720.

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