Relevant bibliographies by topics / Neuromuscular spindle

Academic literature on the topic 'Neuromuscular spindle'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Neuromuscular spindle"

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Rodger, J., M. R. Ziman, J. M. Papadimitriou, and P. H. Kay. "Pax7 is expressed in the capsules surrounding adult mouse neuromuscular spindles." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 77, no. 2 (June 20, 1999): 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o99-020.

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The multigene Pax family of transcription factors plays an important role in the development of the central nervous system as well as in organ morphogenesis. Expression of one of the members of the family, Pax7, has been described in embryonic muscle and in both embryonic and adult brain. We recently detected Pax7 transcripts in RNA isolated from adult mouse skeletal muscle and brain and here use in situ hybridisation to localise the expression within these tissues. Pax7 expression was observed in neural cells of the brain and in cells of neural crest origin in the inner and outer capsules of neuromuscular spindles. The results suggest that Pax7 may be implicated in the formation and maintenance of neuromuscular contacts within the muscle spindle throughout life.Key words: Pax7 expression, skeletal muscle, neuromuscular spindle, basal lamina, Schwann cells.
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Andrechek, Eran R., William R. Hardy, Adele A. Girgis-Gabardo, Robert L. S. Perry, Richard Butler, Frank L. Graham, Ronald C. Kahn, Michael A. Rudnicki, and William J. Muller. "ErbB2 Is Required for Muscle Spindle and Myoblast Cell Survival." Molecular and Cellular Biology 22, no. 13 (July 1, 2002): 4714–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.22.13.4714-4722.2002.

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ABSTRACT Signaling mediated by ErbB2 is thought to play a critical role in numerous developmental processes. However, due to the embryonic lethality associated with the germ line inactivation of erbB2, its role in adult tissues remains largely obscure. Given the expression of ErbB2 at the neuromuscular junction, we have created a muscle-specific knockout to assess its role there. This resulted in viable mice with a progressive defect in proprioception due to loss of muscle spindles. Interestingly, a partial reduction of ErbB2 levels also reduced the number of muscle spindles. Although histological analysis of the muscle revealed an otherwise normal architecture, induction of muscle injury revealed a defect in muscle regeneration. Consistent with these observations, primary myoblasts lacking ErbB2 exhibit extensive apoptosis upon differentiation into myofibers. Taken together, these results illustrate a dual role for ErbB2 in both muscle spindle maintenance and survival of myoblasts.
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Selcen, Duygu, William J. Kupsky, and David Benjamins. "Myopathy with muscle spindle excess: A new congenital neuromuscular syndrome?" Muscle & Nerve 24, no. 1 (January 2001): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-4598(200101)24:1<138::aid-mus22>3.0.co;2-3.

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Wilkerson, Gary B., and Arthur J. Nitz. "Dynamic Ankle Stability: Mechanical and Neuromuscular Interrelationships." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 3, no. 1 (February 1994): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.3.1.43.

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Ankle proprioception is widely regarded as an important factor that affects susceptibility to ankle sprain, but the precise mechanisms by which proprioceptive abilities may enhance ankle stability are not well understood. Pertinent literature is reviewed and theoretical interrelationships among factors that may affect dynamic ankle function are discussed. Topics addressed include mechanoreceptor function, muscle spindle function, postural balance, ankle edema, joint capsule distension, synovial hypertrophy, capsuloligamentous laxity, anterolateral rotary instability, ankle giving way, reflexive muscle splinting, articular deafferentation, neurogenic inflammation, muscular de-efferentation, and enhancement of compensatory neuromuscular mechanisms. Recommendations for future research are presented in the form of questions that cannot be adequately answered at present concerning the role of proprioceptively mediated mechanisms in the maintenance of dynamic ankle stability.
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Leu, M. "Erbb2 regulates neuromuscular synapse formation and is essential for muscle spindle development." Development 130, no. 11 (June 1, 2003): 2291–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.00447.

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Hörner, Sarah Janice, Nathalie Couturier, Roman Bruch, Philipp Koch, Mathias Hafner, and Rüdiger Rudolf. "hiPSC-Derived Schwann Cells Influence Myogenic Differentiation in Neuromuscular Cocultures." Cells 10, no. 12 (November 24, 2021): 3292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10123292.

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Motoneurons, skeletal muscle fibers, and Schwann cells form synapses, termed neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). These control voluntary body movement and are affected in numerous neuromuscular diseases. Therefore, a variety of NMJ in vitro models have been explored to enable mechanistic and pharmacological studies. So far, selective integration of Schwann cells in these models has been hampered, due to technical limitations. Here we present robust protocols for derivation of Schwann cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) and their coculture with hiPSC-derived motoneurons and C2C12 muscle cells. Upon differentiation with tuned BMP signaling, Schwann cells expressed marker proteins, S100b, Gap43, vimentin, and myelin protein zero. Furthermore, they displayed typical spindle-shaped morphologies with long processes, which often aligned with motoneuron axons. Inclusion of Schwann cells in coculture experiments with hiPSC-derived motoneurons and C2C12 myoblasts enhanced myotube growth and affected size and number of acetylcholine receptor plaques on myotubes. Altogether, these data argue for the availability of a consistent differentiation protocol for Schwann cells and their amenability for functional integration into neuromuscular in vitro models, fostering future studies of neuromuscular mechanisms and disease.
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KARAVASILIS, G. J., and A. G. RIGAS. "THE USE OF NONPARAMETRIC METHODS OF STATIONARY POINT PROCESSES IN THE STUDY OF COMPLEX INTERACTIONS IN THE NEUROMUSCULAR SYSTEM." Journal of Biological Systems 17, no. 04 (December 2009): 577–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339009003095.

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In this paper we study the complex interactions involved in the incoming stimulus, from a gamma (γ) and/or an alpha (α) motoneuron, and the outgoing response from the muscle spindle transmitted by the Ia sensory afferent neuron to the spinal cord. The most interesting case is the γ and α coactivation to the function of the muscle spindle, while the effect from a single (γ or α) motoneuron is also presented as a comparison. The mathematical background of this analysis is based on the theory of stationary point processes. A kernel type method of estimating second- and third-order conditional densities is used. Under certain conditions the asymptotic distributions of these estimates are Normal and the construction of 95% approximate confidence intervals is feasible. The application of these asymptotic results to the system of the muscle spindle enables us to detect and interpret its excitatory and/or inhibitory behavior.
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Barrett, Philip, Tom J. Quick, Vivek Mudera, and Darren J. Player. "Generating intrafusal skeletal muscle fibres in vitro: Current state of the art and future challenges." Journal of Tissue Engineering 11 (January 2020): 204173142098520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041731420985205.

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Intrafusal fibres are a specialised cell population in skeletal muscle, found within the muscle spindle. These fibres have a mechano-sensory capacity, forming part of the monosynaptic stretch-reflex arc, a key component responsible for proprioceptive function. Impairment of proprioception and associated dysfunction of the muscle spindle is linked with many neuromuscular diseases. Research to-date has largely been undertaken in vivo or using ex vivo preparations. These studies have provided a foundation for our understanding of muscle spindle physiology, however, the cellular and molecular mechanisms which underpin physiological changes are yet to be fully elucidated. Therefrom, the use of in vitro models has been proposed, whereby intrafusal fibres can be generated de novo. Although there has been progress, it is predominantly a developing and evolving area of research. This narrative review presents the current state of art in this area and proposes the direction of future work, with the aim of providing novel pre-clinical and clinical applications.
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Himmel, Lauren, and Rachel Cianciolo. "Nodular typhlocolitis, heterakiasis, and mesenchymal neoplasia in a ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) with immunohistochemical characterization of visceral metastases." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 29, no. 4 (May 3, 2017): 561–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638717707555.

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A 9-y-old, male ring-necked pheasant ( Phasianus colchicus) was autopsied following euthanasia because of acute distress, recumbency, and dyspnea. The bird had experienced a protracted period of neuromuscular disease localized to the left sciatic nerve. Gross and histologic examination of the large intestine revealed intramural nodules predominantly comprised of atypical, whorling spindle cells with small cores of granulomatous inflammation centered on cross-sections of immature adult nematodes. The body structures of these metazoan organisms and clinical disease manifestation are consistent with Heterakis isolonche infection. Nodular spindle cell proliferations without granulomatous inflammation or intralesional nematodes were also found throughout the liver and lungs, suggesting metastasis from the intestine. Immunohistochemical staining of the hepatic and pulmonary tumor tissue with vimentin and S100 suggests a neurofibroblastic origin.
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Werle, Michael J., John Roder, and Andreas Jeromin. "Expression of frequenin at the frog (Rana) neuromuscular junction, muscle spindle and nerve." Neuroscience Letters 284, no. 1-2 (April 2000): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3940(00)01004-1.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Neuromuscular spindle"

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Stevenson, Deja Lee. "Whole-Body Vibration and Its Effects on Electromechanical Delay and Vertical Jump Performance." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd867.pdf.

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Patten, Robert Michael. "Muscle spindle morphology in the tenuissimus muscle of the golden syrian hamster." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29747.

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The tenuissimus is a long, thin hindlimb skeletal muscle which in hamsters contains about 200 extrafusal muscle fibers. Embedded in this richly innervated muscle is a continuous array of 16-20 closely packed muscle spindles suggesting that it may play a role in hindlimb proprioception. This high spindle density also makes the muscle ideal for the isolation and harvesting of these sensory receptors. In this correlative light and electron microscopic study, freshly frozen specimens were first prepared for serial microscopic analysis. Camera lucida reconstruction of spindle distribution showed a close proximity to the main artery and nerve in the central core of the muscle. Oxidative enzyme and myosin ATPase staining profiles were examined in both the intrafusal and extrafusal fiber populations. Type I and type II extrafusal fibers were present in even numbers and were distributed evenly throughout muscle cross-sections. Enzyme staining varied along the lengths of the three intrafusal fiber types. The fine structure of spindles was examined using transmission (TEM), conventional scanning (SEM), and high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM). For conventional SEM, isolated spindles were first fixed in 2.5% buffered glutaraldehyde, followed by 1% osmication, and mechanical disruption of the outer capsule under the dissecting microscope. Preparation for HRSEM included aldehyde/osmium fixation and freeze-cleavage of entire tenuissimus muscles in liquid N₂. Selective extraction of the cytosol with 0.1% OsO4 permitted the visualization of numerous intracellular structures. In these specimens, the capsular sleeve showed a multilayered pattern of vesicle-laden cells with variant surface topography in certain locations. Punctate sensory nerve endings adhered intimately to the surfaces of underlying intrafusal fibers in the equatorial and juxtaequatorial regions. By TEM and HRSEM these endings appeared crescent-shaped and were enveloped by external laminae. Each profile contained a plethora of mitochondria and cytoskeletal organelles. The methodology used in this study provides, for the first time, a three-dimensional view of the exquisite cytological architecture of this neuromuscular receptor.
Medicine, Faculty of
Graduate
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Thompson, Karen Jane. "The identification and progress towards isolation of an atypical glutamate receptor in muscle spindle primary afferent nerve terminals." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=232393.

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Hypertension affects 1 billion individuals worldwide and is the major contributing factor to cardiovascular disease. However, the WHO considers current antihypertensive drug therapies inadequate, highlighting a need for a novel approach to hypertension management. Baroreceptors are a promising drug target, and express an unusual glutamate receptor coupled to phospholipase D (PLD-GluR). The PLD-GluR has not been isolated and characterised, which is an important step towards its use as a drug target. A good source of the PLD-GluR is muscle spindle primary afferent nerve terminals, the largest mechanoreceptor in the body. This study thus focuses upon the identification and progress towards isolation of the PLD-GluR from muscle spindle primary afferent nerve terminals. A novel dissection method for high yield extraction of muscle spindles from a high density source, the rat deep masseter muscle, was developed for Western blotting and mass spectrometry screens of all GluRs. Western blots showed spindle homogenate contained a low molecular weight mGluR5 isoform and GluK2. Immunofluorescence showed mGluR5 was expressed on putative nociceptors, not mechanosensory nerve terminals. However, spindle mechanosensory nerve terminals labelled brightly for GluK2, as did baroreceptor nerve terminals. Furthermore, GluK2 appears to be the only GluR subunit on these mechanoreceptors, although mass spectrometry and affinity chromatography could not successfully isolate this receptor. Finally, piezo2 has recently been suggested as the major mechanotransducer protein. However, no evidence was found for piezo2 expression in adult spindle mechanosensory nerve terminals in adult rats or mice. As previous studies have largely focussed on adolescent mice, this could represent a developmental difference. Conversely, a number of candidate mechanosensory proteins, such as TRPs, were identified by a targeted mass spectrometry approach. This provides good candidates for future research. Collectively, this study indicates both spindle and baroreceptor mechanosensory nerve terminals express GluK2, suggesting it is at least a component of the PLD-GluR, and therefore potentially represents a novel drug target for treating hypertension.
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Vitry, Florian. "Effets aigus et chroniques de l’électrostimulation appliquée au niveau du nerf moteur : importance du retour afférent." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCK087.

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L'objectif de cette thèse était d’étudier l'impact de protocoles d’électrostimulation favorisant un recrutement indirect des unités motrices (UM) via les afférences sensorielles et induisant le développement d’extra force, sur le système neuromusculaire. Ces protocoles associent une grande largeur d’impulsion, une faible intensité de stimulation, des hautes et basses fréquences et sont appliqués sur le nerf moteur. L’étude des effets de ces protocoles sur la fatigue neuromusculaire lors d’une application aiguë a fait l’objet de la première étude qui a montré que pour un impact équivalent sur la capacité maximale de production de force, les basses fréquences de stimulation limitaient la diminution de force au cours d’une session d’électrostimulation comparativement aux hautes fréquences. L’application de manière chronique de ces protocoles lors d’un entraînement a fait l’objet de la deuxième étude. Les résultats ont montré des gains de force importants malgré les faibles intensités de stimulation et des adaptations nerveuses qui étaient dépendantes de la fréquence de stimulation. Les résultats de ces deux études ont aussi permis de mettre en évidence l’importance du phénomène d’extra force sur les adaptations induites. Ainsi, l’étude de ce dernier phénomène a fait l’objet de la troisième étude. Les résultats ont montré que lorsque le recrutement initial des UM était indirect, l’extra force était présente pour toutes les fréquences de stimulation. De plus, le développement de l'extra force a induit une diminution de l’excitabilité spinale après les basses fréquences de stimulation et une augmentation après les hautes fréquences. La dernière étude de ce travail s’est intéressée aux mécanismes expliquant ces modulations spinales. Les résultats ont montré que le mécanisme de dépression post-activation pourrait expliquer la diminution observée après les basses fréquences, tandis que ce mécanisme serait compensé par la présence de courants entrants persistants, entraînant une augmentation de l’excitabilité des motoneurones après les hautes fréquences de stimulation. L’ensemble de ces résultats souligne l’importance du retour afférent aux adaptations neuromusculaires induites après une application aiguë et chronique de l’électrostimulation
The aim of this thesis was to investigate the effects of electrical stimulation protocols favouring an indirect motor units’ (MU) recruitment via sensory axons activation and giving rise to extra force development, on the neuromuscular system. These protocols use wide pulse duration, low stimulation intensity, low and high stimulation frequencies and are applied over the motor nerve. The aim of the first study was to examine the effects of these protocols on the extent and origin of neuromuscular fatigue during an acute application. Results showed that for a similar impact on maximal force generating capacity, low stimulation frequencies limit force decreases during the stimulation trains as compared to high stimulation frequencies. The aim of the second study was to investigate the effects of chronic application of these protocols. Results showed important torque gains after the training period despite the low stimulation intensity used, while the induced neural adaptations were frequency-dependent. Results of these two studies also highlighted the importance of the phenomenon of extra torque on induced adaptations. Thus, the aim of the third study was to determine the conditions permitting the occurrence of extra torque, by modulating the frequency and intensity of stimulation. Main results showed that when the initial MU recruitment was mostly indirect, the developed torque was higher than the one expected for the given stimulation parameters, independently of the stimulation frequency, suggesting that the indirect MU recruitment plays a preponderant role in the occurrence of extra torque. Moreover, a frequency-dependent impact on spinal excitability was observed, resulting in a decrease after the low stimulation frequency and an increase after the high frequency. Consequently, the last study investigated the mechanisms responsible for the distinct modulation of spinal excitability. Results showed that the decrease in spinal excitability observed after the low stimulation frequency could be attributed to increased homosynaptic post-activation depression, while this latter mechanism could have been compensated by an enhanced motoneuron excitability as a result of persistent inward currents after the high stimulation frequency. All these results underline the importance of the afferent volley to the induced neuromuscular adaptations after acute and chronic electrical stimulation application
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Daniels, Rachael J. "Molecular analysis of spinal muscular atrophy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259878.

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Shinohara, André Luís. "Células satélites e fusos neuromusculares em músculos estriados de ratos desnervados por longo período." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25149/tde-05112012-185039/.

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O músculo estriado esquelético apresenta em sua constituição células satélites (CS) que se encontram em estado quiescente localizadas entre o sarcolema e a lâmina basal das fibras musculares. As CS podem ser ativadas, diferenciando em mioblastos, contribuindo para regeneração e/ou crescimento do tecido muscular. Os Fusos neuromusculares são mecanorreceptores localizados no interior dos músculos esqueléticos considerados a unidade contrátil reguladora, monitorando a velocidade e duração do alongamento do músculo. Está composto de fibras intrafusais (FIF), circundadas por uma bainha de tecido conjuntivo e encontra-se paralelo às fibras extrafusais. A desnervação promove alterações no músculo esquelético, tanto em CS, quanto nos fusos neuromusculares. Este trabalho analisou quantitativamente as FIF e a proliferação de CS em músculos esquelético de ratos desnervados por longo período. Foram utilizados ratos Wistar. Os animais foram divididos em grupos desnervados e controle. Os músculos Sóleo e Extensor longo dos dedos (EDL) foram desnervados experimentalmente. Após os períodos de 0, 12, 16, 19, 30 e 38 semanas, os músculos foram dissecados, removidos e preparados histológicamente. A porcentagem de CS em músculos imediatamente após desnervação aumenta em relação ao músculo normal e depois decresce em ambos os músculos. Durante o progresso do tempo de desnervação ocorreu um aumento no número de FIF, se comparado com o grupo normal. O número de CS diminui significantemente entre os períodos de desnervação, em ambos os grupos. Nos músculos estudados quanto menor a porcentagem de CS maior é o número de FIF e, aumentando o tempo de desnervação, diminui o número de CS. Em relação às FIF, no grupo controle com o aumento do tempo, o número de fibras não se altera. Já para o grupo experimental, com o aumento do tempo de desnervação, diminui o número de CS e aumenta o número de FIF significantemente. Concluimos então que nos músculos desnervados por longo período ocorre diminuição na porcentagem de células satélites e aumento no número de FIF. Finalmente nossos resultados sugerem que entre 16ª e 19ª semana pós-desnervação encontra-se o melhor período para reinervação de um músculo desnervados.
The skeletal muscle consists of satellite cells (SC) which are in a quiescent state located between the sarcolemma and basal lamina of the muscle fibers. The SC can get activated, differentiating into myoblasts, contributing to regeneration and/or growth of muscle tissue. The neuromuscular spindles are mechanoreceptors located within the skeletal muscle and are considered as contractile regulatory unit, monitoring the speed and duration of muscle stretching. It is composed of Intrafusal muscle fibers (FIF), surrounded by a sheath and is parallel to extrafusal fibers. Denervation cause changes in skeletal muscles both in the CS and neuromuscular spindles. This study analyzed quantitatively the FIF and the proliferation of CS in rat skeletal muscle, denervated for long period. We used Wistar rats to perform this study. The animals were divided into control and denervated groups. The soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) were denervated experimentally. After periods of 0, 12, 16, 19, 30 and 38 weeks, the muscles were dissected, removed and were prepared for histological analysis. The percentage of SC in muscles immediately after denervation, increases in relation to normal muscle and later decreases in both the groups. During the process of denervation, there was an increase in FIF when compared with normal group. The number of SC reduces significantly between the periods of denervation in both the groups. In the muscles studied, the smaller the percentage of SC, higher is the number of FIF and increase in the duration of denervation, reduces the number of SC. As for FIF, with the increase in time in control group, the number of fibres was unaltered. However, in the experimental group, with increase in the time of denervation, the number of SC decreases while there is increase in the number of FIF significantly. We thus conclude that in denervated mucles for long period, there is decrease in the percentage of satellite cells and increase in FIF. Finally our results suggest that the period between 16th and 19th week of post denervation is the best time for reinnervation of denervated muscle.
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Eftekharzadeh, Bahareh. "Androgen receptor aggregates studies in vitro and in a transgenic mouse model of Spinal Bulbal Muscular Atrophpy (SMBA)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/294596.

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Spinal bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is a rare hereditary neuromuscular disease caused by the elongation of a polymorphic polyglutamine (polyQ) tract in the N-terminal region of the transactivation domain (NTD) of androgen receptor (AR). Although the molecular basis of SBMA is not yet fully understood, the observation of nuclear inclusions containing AR fragments in specific tissues of SBMA patients has led to the suggestion that it is linked to AR aggregation. To characterize the molecular mechanism of this process we have investigated the structural properties of the polyQ tract present in AR as well as the early stages of its oligomerization in vitro by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in solution. To study the structural property of the AR aggregates in tissue, the Seprion ligand was used for quantification of AR aggregate load in a SBMA mouse model. A combination of atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution microscopy was used to investigate the Seprion ligand captured aggregates from muscle and spinal cord tissue. The results indicated that aggregated structures from spinal cord extract differ remarkably from the fibrillar species isolated from muscle tissue. We found that the AR fibrils in the muscles accumulate and increase their length as the animals age. Our results indicate that there are differences between the androgen receptor variants in muscle and spinal cord, with more N-terminally truncated AR found in muscle compared to spinal cord. We propose that truncated AR forms aggregates and leads to AR fibrillar species in muscles and that mutant AR97Q plays a role in the recruitment of partner interacting proteins in an age-related fashion. Our studies into the elucidation of the early stages of oligomerization indicated that the polyQ tract is partially alpha-helical, a propensity that increases with its length. In addition, a specific region of the N-terminus of the NTD, distinct from the polyQ tract, appears to be responsible for the inter-molecular interactions that nucleate AR aggregation. Studying the interactions between AR and the molecular chaperones Hsp40 and Hsp72 respectively, by solution NMR spectroscopy we found that the Hsp72 and Hsp40 both bind to (23)FQNLF(27) motif, whereas the Hsp40 binds additionally to (54)LLLQQQQ(61). These findings provide a simple mechanism for the disassembly of the complex between AR and molecular chaperones required for androgen receptor function and emphasize the therapeutic potential of allosteric regulators of Hsp72 and Hsp40 and provide new insights into the role of the chaperone machinery in protein quality control in neurodegenerative diseases.
L'atròfia muscular espinobulbar (SBMA) és una malaltia neuromuscular hereditària causada per una elongació d'una regió de poliglutamines localitzada en el domini de transactivació del receptor d'andrògens (AR). Malgrat que la base molecular d'aquesta malaltia encara no es coneix del tot, l'observació d'inclusions nuclears que contenen fragments del receptor dóna suport a la hipòtesi que està associada a l'agregació de l'AR. Per tal de caracteritzar el mecanisme molecular d'aquest procés hem investigat les propietats estructurals de la regió de poliglutamines del receptor així com els primers estadis de la seva oligomerització in vitro mitjançant espectroscòpia de ressonància magnètica nuclear (NMR) en solució. Per tal d'estudiar les propietats estructurals dels agregats que es formen en els teixits hem fet servir el lligand Seprion per aïllar els agregats que es formen en un model animal de SBMA. Mitjançant una combinació de microscòpia de força atòmica (AFM), microscòpia electrònica de transmissió (TEM) i microscòpia d'alta resolució hem caracteritzat els agregats formats tant en el múscul com en la medul·la espinal en aquest model animal. Els resultats indiquen que els agregats de l'AR que es formen en el múscul son clarament diferents d'aquells que es formen en la medul·la i, a més, que el fenotip dels animals empitjora a mesura que s'acumulen agregats en el primer d'aquests teixits. Els nostres resultats indiquen que les diferències que observem entre els agregats que es formen en el múscul i aquells que es formen en la medul·la estan associades a la presència de fragments d'AR en el primer d'aquest teixits. Proposem doncs, que formes truncades d'AR agreguen per formar espècies fibril·lars en el múscul del model animal i que aquestes provoquen el fenotip, que empitjora amb l'edat, perquè, en agregar, recluten proteïnes nuclears que altrament serien solubles. El nostre estudi dels primers estadis del mecanisme d'oligomerització indica clarament que la regió de poliglutamines és parcialment helicoïdal i que aquesta propensitat augmenta amb la seva longitud. A més hem identificat una regió del domini de transactivació, allunyada de la regió de poliglutamines, com a responsable de les primeres interaccions intermoleculars que tenen lloc durant el mecanisme d'oligomerització. En el nostre estudi de la interacció entre AR i les xaperones moleculars Hsp40 i Hsp72 hem descobert, mitjançant NMR, que totes dues proteïnes s'uneixen al motiu (23)FQNLF(27) del domini N-terminal i que l'Hsp40 s'uneix, a la vegada també al motiu (54)LLLLQQQQ(61) que hi ha a l'inici de la regió de poliglutamines. Aquestes descobertes suggereixen un senzill mecanisme per a desensamblatge del complex entre l'AR i les xaperones moleculars que té lloc durant l'activació del receptor per l'hormona testosterona, emfatitzen el potencial terapèutic de reguladors al·lostèrics de Hsp40 i Hsp72 i contribueixen a una millor comprensió del paper que les xaperones moleculars tenen en el control de qualitat de proteïnes en malalties neurodegeneratives.
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Murray, Lyndsay M. "Synaptic vulnerability in spinal muscular atrophy." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4419.

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Mounting evidence suggests that synaptic connections are early pathological targets in many neurodegenerative diseases, including motor neuron disease. A better understanding of synaptic pathology is therefore likely to be critical in order to develop effective therapeutic strategies. Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a common autosomal recessive childhood form of motor neuron disease. Previous studies have highlighted nerve- and muscle-specific events in SMA, including atrophy of muscle fibres and postsynaptic motor endplates, loss of lower motor neuron cell bodies and denervation of neuromuscular junctions caused by loss of pre-synaptic inputs. Here I have undertaken a detailed morphological investigation of neuromuscular synaptic pathology in the Smn-/- ;SMN2 and Smn-/-;SMN2;Δ7 mouse models of SMA. Results imply that synaptic degeneration is an early and significant event in SMA, with progressive denervation and neurofilament accumulation being present at early symptomatic time points. I have identified selectively vulnerable motor units, which appear to conform to a distinct developmental subtype compared to more stable motor units. I have also identified significant postsynaptic atrophy which does no correlate with pre-synaptic denervation, suggesting that there is a requirement for Smn in both muscle and nerve and pathological events can occur in both tissues independently. Rigorous investigation of lower motor neuron development, connectivity and gene expression at pre-symptomatic time points revealed developmental abnormalities do not underlie neuromuscular vulnerability in SMA. Equivalent gene expression analysis at end-stage time points has implicated growth factor signalling and extracellular matrix integrity in SMA pathology. Using an alternative model of early onset neurodegeneration, I provide evidence that the processes regulating morphologically distinct types of synaptic degeneration are also mechanistically distinct. In summary, in this work I highlight the importance and incidence of synaptic pathology in mouse models of spinal muscular atrophy and provide mechanistic insight into the processes regulating neurodegeneration.
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9

Francis, Michael J. "Physical mapping around the SMA gene using yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259879.

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Nataraj, Raviraj. "FEEDBACK CONTROL OF STANDING BALANCE USING FUNCTIONAL NEUROMUSCULAR STIMULATION FOLLOWING SPINAL CORD INJURY." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1302482539.

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Books on the topic "Neuromuscular spindle"

1

A, Boyd Ian, and Gladden M. H. 1940-, eds. The Muscle spindle. New York, N.Y: Stockton Press, 1985.

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Kimura, Jun. Electrodiagnosis in diseases of nerve and muscle: Principles and practice. 4th ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.

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D, Binder Marc, ed. Peripheral and spinal mechanisms in the neural control of movement. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1999.

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Characterization of motor pool selectivity of neuromuscular degeneration and identification of molecular correlates of disease resistance in Type I spinal muscular atrophy. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2015.

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J, Vinken P., Bruyn G. W, Klawans Harold L, and Jong, J. M. B. V. de., eds. Diseases of the motor system. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers, 1991.

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1918-, Höök Olle, and Dimitrijevic Milan R, eds. Advances in neurological rehabilitation and restorative neurology: Proceedings of the Satellite Symposium, Ljubljana, September 8-10, 1985. Stockholm: Distributed by the Almqvist & Wiksell Periodical Co., 1988., 1988.

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Dorgan, Stephen Joseph. Mathematical modelling, analysis and control of artificially activated skeletal muscle. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1997.

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Electrodiagnosis in diseases of nerve and muscle: Principles and practice. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.

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Electrodiagnosis in diseases of nerve and muscle: Principles and practice. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Davis, 1989.

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1971-, Carr Matt, ed. Not so different: What you really want to ask about having a disability. New York: Roaring Brook Press, 2017.

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Book chapters on the topic "Neuromuscular spindle"

1

Krstić, Radivoj V. "Endings of Afferent Nerve Fibers. Neuromuscular Spindle." In General Histology of the Mammal, 370–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70420-8_181.

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Krstić, Radivoj V. "Endings of Afferent Nerve Fibers. Neuromuscular Spindle. Three-Dimensional View." In General Histology of the Mammal, 372–73. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70420-8_182.

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Khadilkar, Satish V., Rakhil S. Yadav, and Bhagyadhan A. Patel. "Spinal Muscular Atrophy." In Neuromuscular Disorders, 99–111. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5361-0_10.

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Montes, Jacqueline, and Petra Kaufmann. "Spinal Muscular Atrophy." In Neuromuscular Disorders, 229–35. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119973331.ch30.

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Sabah, Nassir H. "Spinal Cord and Reflexes." In Neuromuscular Fundamentals, 389–422. First edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2021.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003024798-11.

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Lubicky, John P. "Neuromuscular Spine Deformity." In Orthopedic Surgery Clerkship, 653–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52567-9_138.

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Hasler, Carol-Claudius. "Neuromuscular Spine Deformities." In Non-Idiopathic Spine Deformities in Young Children, 73–75. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19417-7_5.

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Angelini, Corrado. "Distal Spinal Muscular Atrophy." In Genetic Neuromuscular Disorders, 383–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56454-8_96.

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Angelini, Corrado. "Distal Spinal Muscular Atrophy." In Genetic Neuromuscular Disorders, 335–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07500-6_76.

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Yaszay, Burt. "Other Neuromuscular Diseases." In The Growing Spine, 281–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85207-0_22.

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Conference papers on the topic "Neuromuscular spindle"

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Xu, Yunfei, Jongeun Choi, N. Peter Reeves, and Jacek Cholewicki. "Optimal Neuromuscular Control of Spine Systems." In ASME 2009 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2009-2575.

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The goal of this work is to present methodology to first evaluate the performance of an in vivo spine system and then to synthesize optimal neuromuscular control for rehabilitation interventions. This is achieved 1) by determining control system parameters such as static feedback gains and delays from experimental data, 2) by synthesizing the optimal feedback gains to attenuate the effect of disturbances to the system using modern control theory, and 3) by evaluating the robustness of the optimized closed-loop system. We also apply these methods to a postural control task, with two different control strategies, and evaluate the robustness of the spine system with respect to longer latencies found in the low back pain population. This framework could be used for rehabilitation design as discussed at the end of the paper.
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Luigi Siccardi, Gian. "Complications and Revision in Neuromuscular, Congenital and Syndromic Scoliosis." In eccElearning Postgraduate Diploma in Spine Surgery. eccElearning, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.28962/01.3.165.

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Ibrahim, Khalid. "Spinal Muscular Atrophy Melody in Qatar: Types and Treatment." In Congenital Dystrophies - Neuromuscular Disorders Precision Medicine: Genomics to Care and Cure. Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/qproc.2020.nmd.14.

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Ananiev, S. S., D. A. Pavlov, R. N. Yakupov, V. A. Golodnova, and M. V. Balykin. "The effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation on the excitability of the motor neuron pools of the muscles of the lower extremities." In VIII Vserossijskaja konferencija s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem «Mediko-fiziologicheskie problemy jekologii cheloveka». Publishing center of Ulyanovsk State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34014/mpphe.2021-8-11.

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The study was conducted on 22 healthy men aged 18-23 years. The primary motor cortex innervating the lower limb was stimulated with transcranial magnetic stimulation. Using transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord, evoked motor responses of the muscles of the lower extremities were initiated when electrodes were applied cutaneous between the spinous processes in the Th11-Th12 projection. Research protocol: Determination of the thresholds of BMO of the muscles of the lower extremities during TESCS; determination of the BMO threshold of the TA muscle in TMS; determination of the thresholds of the BMO of the muscles of the lower extremities during TESCS against the background of 80% and 90% TMS. It was found that magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex of the brain leads to an increase in the excitability of the neural structures of the lumbar thickening of the spinal cord and an improvement in neuromuscular interactions. Key words: transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord, neural networks, excitability, neuromuscular interactions.
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Song, Seung Yun, Yinan Pei, Steven R. Tippett, Dronacharya Lamichhane, Christopher M. Zallek, and Elizabeth T. Hsiao-Wecksler. "Validation of a Wearable Position, Velocity, and Resistance Meter for Assessing Spasticity and Rigidity." In 2018 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2018-6906.

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Patients with neuromuscular disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), traumatic brain or spinal cord injury, or multiple sclerosis (MS) can develop different levels of abnormal muscle behavior (hypertonia) such as rigidity and spasticity [1], [2]. Hypertonia can affect different parts of the body such as upper or lower extremities. Symptoms include pain, increased muscle tone, spasms, and decreased functional abilities. Hypertonia can interfere with many activities of daily living, greatly affecting the quality of life in patients and causing anxiety, depression, and social isolation [2].
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Chang, Sarah R., Rudi Kobetic, and Ronald J. Triolo. "Stand-to-sit maneuver in paraplegia after spinal cord injury using functional neuromuscular stimulation." In 2013 6th International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering (NER). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ner.2013.6695928.

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Luna-Ramirez, Jean, Guersom Quispealaya-Lazo, Madai Taype-Mateo, Grimaldo Quispe, Heyul Chavez, Luis Rivera, and Francisco Dominguez. "Design of an Exoskeleton to Prevent and to Take Care of the Spinal Column of Injuries of Low Back Pain." In Human Systems Engineering and Design (IHSED 2021) Future Trends and Applications. AHFE International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001194.

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Inside Peru and the world, the bigger bordering the force is by the muscles of the human beings to accomplish physical tasks, and the failure of these can cause a damage neuromuscular and articulations. The principal objective of the fact-finding work becomes of Designing an exoskeleton for the prevention of injuries to the spinal column of the workers, to give solution and it improves of the lum-bar unmade problem a lot of effort. The Design of a lumbar, detachable exoskele-ton with easy maintenance and manufacture are shown, with the characteristics principal stop to comfortability of the worker without causing pain neither dis-comfort.
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Coghlan, S., L. Crowe, U. McCarthyPersson, C. Minogue, and B. Caulfield. "Neuromuscular electrical stimulation training results in enhanced activation of spinal stabilizing muscles during spinal loading and improvements in pain ratings." In 2011 33rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6091878.

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Mirbagheri, M. M., C. Patel, and K. Quiney. "Robotic-assisted locomotor training impact on neuromuscular properties and muscle strength in Spinal Cord Injury." In 2011 33rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6091026.

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Pierella, C., A. De Luca, E. Tasso, F. Cervetto, S. Gamba, L. Losio, E. Quinland, et al. "Changes in neuromuscular activity during motor training with a body-machine interface after spinal cord injury." In 2017 International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics (ICORR). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icorr.2017.8009396.

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Reports on the topic "Neuromuscular spindle"

1

Velozo, Craig, Andrea L. Behrman, and D. M. Basso. Responsiveness of a Neuromuscular Recovery Scale for Spinal Cord Injury: Inpatient and Outpatient Rehabilitation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada605168.

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Velozo, Craig. Responsiveness of a Neuromuscular Recovery Scale for Spinal Cord Injury: Inpatient and Outpatient Rehabilitation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada580928.

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Behrman, Andrea, D. M. Basso, and Craig Veloso. Responsiveness of a Neuromuscular Recovery Scale for Spinal Cord Injury: Inpatient and Outpatient Rehabilitation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada580929.

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Basso, D. M., Andrea L. Behrman, and Craig Velozo. Responsiveness of a Neuromuscular Recovery Scale for Spinal Cord Injury: Inpatient and Outpatient Rehabilitation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada580930.

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Behrman, Andrea L., D. M. Basso, and Craig Velozo. Responsiveness of a Neuromuscular Recovery Scale for Spinal Cord Injury: Inpatient and Outpatient Rehabilitation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada599055.

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Behrman, Andrea L., Michele Basso, and Craig Velozo. Responsiveness of a Neuromuscular Recovery Scale for Spinal Cord Injury: Inpatient and Outpatient Rehabilitation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada554730.

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