Journal articles: 'Neuromotor control'

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Zernicke, Ronald F., and Klaus Schneider. "Biomechanics and Developmental Neuromotor Control." Child Development 64, no. 4 (August 1993): 982. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1131322.

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Lowry, K. A., and J. M. Van Swearingen. "NEUROMOTOR CONTROL, AGING AND EVERYDAY WALKING." Innovation in Aging 1, suppl_1 (June 30, 2017): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igx004.1872.

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Kimberley, T. J., K. J. Simura, and M. Flanders. "NEUROMOTOR CONTROL IN FOCAL HAND DYSTONIA." Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy 29, no. 4 (December 2005): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.npt.0000282392.71548.f6.

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Berniker, Max, and Steven Penny. "A normative approach to neuromotor control." Biological Cybernetics 113, no. 1-2 (September 3, 2018): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00422-018-0777-7.

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Fogarty, Matthew J., and Gary C. Sieck. "Spinal cord injury and diaphragm neuromotor control." Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine 14, no. 5 (February 25, 2020): 453–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17476348.2020.1732822.

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Mantilla, Carlos B., and Gary C. Sieck. "Neuromotor control in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." Journal of Applied Physiology 114, no. 9 (May 1, 2013): 1246–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01212.2012.

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Neuromotor control of skeletal muscles, including respiratory muscles, is ultimately dependent on the structure and function of the motor units (motoneurons and the muscle fibers they innervate) comprising the muscle. In most muscles, considerable diversity of contractile and fatigue properties exists across motor units, allowing a range of motor behaviors. In diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), there may be disproportional primary (disease related) or secondary effects (related to treatment or other concomitant factors) on the size and contractility of specific muscle fiber types that would influence the relative contribution of different motor units. For example, with COPD there is a disproportionate atrophy of type IIx and/or IIb fibers that comprise more fatigable motor units. Thus fatigue resistance may appear to improve, while overall motor performance (e.g., 6-min walk test) and endurance (e.g., reduced aerobic exercise capacity) are diminished. There are many coexisting factors that might also influence motor performance. For example, in COPD patients, there may be concomitant hypoxia and/or hypercapnia, physical inactivity and unloading of muscles, and corticosteroid treatment, all of which may disproportionately affect specific muscle fiber types, thereby influencing neuromotor control. Future studies should address how plasticity in motor units can be harnessed to mitigate the functional impact of COPD-induced changes.

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Howard, Charlend K., Masahiro Yamada, Marcia Dovel, Rie Leverett, Alexander Hill, Kenneth A. Manlapaz, David O. Keyser, et al. "An Objective Assessment of Neuromotor Control Using a Smartphone App After Repeated Subconcussive Blast Exposure." Sensors 24, no. 21 (November 2, 2024): 7064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24217064.

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Subconcussive blast exposure has been shown to alter neurological functioning. However, the extent to which neurological dysfunction persists after blast exposure is unknown. This longitudinal study examined the potential short- and long-term effects of repeated subconcussive blast exposure on neuromotor performance from heavy weapons training in military personnel. A total of 214 participants were assessed; 137 were exposed to repeated subconcussive blasts and 77 were not exposed to blasts (controls). Participants completed a short stepping-in-place task while an Android smartphone app placed on their thigh recorded movement kinematics. We showed acute suppression of neuromotor variability 6 h after subconcussive blast exposure, followed by a rebound to levels not different from baseline at the 72 h, 2-week, and 3-month post-tests. It is postulated that this suppression of neuromotor variability results from a reduction in the functional degrees of freedom from the subconcussive neurological insult. It is important to note that this change in behavior is short-lived, with a return to pre-blast exposure movement kinematics within 72 h.

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Krebs, H. I., B. T. Volpe, M. L. Aisen, W. Hening, S. Adamovich, H. Poizner, K. Subrahmanyan, and N. Hogan. "Robotic applications in neuromotor rehabilitation." Robotica 21, no. 1 (January 2003): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574702004587.

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Robot-aids or Rehabilitators are our chosen neologism to name a new class of robotic devices that represent a substantially departure from prior applications of robotics in rehabilitation. Rather than use robotics as an assistive technology for a disabled individual, we envision robots and computers as supporting and enhancing the productivity of clinicians in their efforts to facilitate a disabled individual's recovery. In this paper, we attempt a brief overview of our work in what promises to be a ground breaking field. We discuss the concept of robot-aided neuro-rehabilitation as a means to deliver therapy, measure patient performance, and also as a design tool. To illustrate the broad spectrum of neurological diseases that this technology might impact, we will illustrate each case with a different pathology, namely cerebral vascular accident (CVA – also known as stroke), Parkinson's disease (PD), and cerebral palsy (CP).

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Koprowiak, Ewa. "Rozwój fizyczny podstawą sukcesu edukacyjnego w wieku przedszkolnym i wczesnoszkolnym? Rola odruchów pierwotnych w rozwoju dziecka." Edukacja Dziecka 7 (December 26, 2023): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.6078.

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The purpose of this article is to introduce the knowledge of neuromotor development of the youngest child with emphasis on preventive and therapeutic measures. According to M. Zielinska and S. Goddard Blythe, neuromotor functioning is closely linked to proprioceptive control, vestibular control and the postural system. The authors point out that these systems correlate with each other, providing a stable basis for systems directly linked to eyehand coordination and visual perception. The article discusses the role of primary reflexes on child development, and mentions the possibility of improving development through the use of the INPP Integrative Exercise Program in preschools and schools.

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Wyndow, Narelle, Sallie M. Cowan, Tim V. Wrigley, and Kay M. Crossley. "Neuromotor Control of the Lower Limb in Achilles Tendinopathy." Sports Medicine 40, no. 9 (September 2010): 715–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/11535920-000000000-00000.

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Ives, J., L. Bultman, and W. Kroll. "RAPID MOVEMENT NEUROMOTOR CONTROL CHARACTERISTICS IN MALES AND FEMALES." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 24, Supplement (May 1992): S79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199205001-00474.

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Mantilla, Carlos B., and Gary C. Sieck. "Impact of diaphragm muscle fiber atrophy on neuromotor control." Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology 189, no. 2 (November 2013): 411–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resp.2013.06.025.

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Mitchell, Ronal L., Timothy E. Barbano, H. Wolfgang Losken, Michael I. Siegel, and Mark P. Mooney. "Early Neuromotor Behavior in Craniosynostotic Rabbits." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 40, no. 5 (September 2003): 486–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_2003_040_0486_enbicr_2.0.co_2.

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Objective Clinical studies have shown both abnormal and normal mental and psychomotor development in patients with craniosynostosis. However, a number of confounding variables make study comparisons difficult. For these reasons, the present study describes early neuromotor development in an homogeneous rabbit model of craniosynostosis. Design Fifty-three newborn New Zealand white rabbit kits were used: 13 were wild-type, normal control rabbits; 23 had delayed-onset coronal suture synostosis (onset is approximately 57 to 74 days post conception); and 17 had early-onset coronal suture synostosis (onset is approximately 21 to 25 days post conception). All rabbits were observed individually and blindly in an open field, daily for 2 minutes, from birth through the first 14 days of life. The first day of emergence of 10 different mature behaviors and developmental events (in developmental order of appearance: falling, righting, cliff avoidance, first sign of fur, body elevation, head elevation, circling, dragging, eye opening, and hopping) was recorded for each kit. Daily activity levels (grid crossing), and body weights were also recorded. Results Significant group (p < .05) differences were observed in 9 of 11 measures. Both synostosed groups had significantly (p < .05) accelerated onset of behavior in 8 of 9 measures, compared with wild-type controls. The early-onset synostosis group had significantly (p < .05) accelerated onset in five of eight measures, compared with wild-type controls, and three of eight measures, compared with the delayed-onset synostosis group. Conclusions Synostotic rabbits showed precocious neuromotor development possibly through frontal lobe constrictions and altered brain activity from increased intracranial pressure, although primary genetic effects cannot be ruled out.

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Fogarty, Matthew J. "Inhibitory Synaptic Influences on Developmental Motor Disorders." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 8 (April 9, 2023): 6962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24086962.

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During development, GABA and glycine play major trophic and synaptic roles in the establishment of the neuromotor system. In this review, we summarise the formation, function and maturation of GABAergic and glycinergic synapses within neuromotor circuits during development. We take special care to discuss the differences in limb and respiratory neuromotor control. We then investigate the influences that GABAergic and glycinergic neurotransmission has on two major developmental neuromotor disorders: Rett syndrome and spastic cerebral palsy. We present these two syndromes in order to contrast the approaches to disease mechanism and therapy. While both conditions have motor dysfunctions at their core, one condition Rett syndrome, despite having myriad symptoms, has scientists focused on the breathing abnormalities and their alleviation—to great clinical advances. By contrast, cerebral palsy remains a scientific quagmire or poor definitions, no widely adopted model and a lack of therapeutic focus. We conclude that the sheer abundance of diversity of inhibitory neurotransmitter targets should provide hope for intractable conditions, particularly those that exhibit broad spectra of dysfunction—such as spastic cerebral palsy and Rett syndrome.

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McGowan, C. M., and H. K. Hyytiäinen. "Muscular and neuromotor control and learning in the athletic horse." Comparative Exercise Physiology 13, no. 3 (September 7, 2017): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep170001.

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Athletic performance or the kinematics of locomotion is ultimately the result of the actions of muscles. Muscular actions differ depending on the muscle group involved with anatomical and functional properties depending on the primary roles of the muscle; from stabilisation to powering locomotion. The functional (contractile and metabolic) properties of a muscle are determined by its fibre type or relative fibre type proportions in the muscle. The actions of muscle require the coordination of the nervous system with muscle contraction to produce movement or resist movement to avoid unwanted motion and tissue damage. The coordination of muscular action with the nervous system is termed neuromotor control and it requires precise proprioceptive input from the periphery, processing and input from the central nervous system (including learned or trained movements) and involves timing of muscle recruitment as well as muscle contraction. Training of muscles involves training for strength (or force generation) and stamina with measureable physiological changes with training including increased fibre size, alterations in fibre type, alterations in glycogen concentrations and lactate transport and alterations in mitochondrial and capillary density. As well as standard athletic training, skills training can make the difference in athletic performance and injury prevention in the equine athlete. This involves training of neuromotor control; training motor skills by motor relearning and conditional learning. Practical specific training techniques can be used in injury prevention, rehabilitation post injury and maintenance of the athlete. In this review we will focus on the thoracolumbar and hindlimb areas of the horse and review the importance of muscular control of locomotion, neuromotor control, the physiological effects of training and practical ways to maximise performance potential by specific physiotherapy skills training.

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Deshpande, Mrs Anusha. "A Versatile Embedded Platform for Implementation of Bio Cooperative Control in Upper-Limb Neuro Motor Rehabilitation Scenario ,." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 04 (April 17, 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem30928.

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This paper presents a versatile embedded platform designed for the implementation of bio-cooperative control in upper-limb neuromotor rehabilitation scenarios. With an increasing demand for effective rehabilitation techniques, particularly in cases of upper-limb impairments, there is a growing need for innovative technologies that can seamlessly integrate with existing rehabilitation protocols. The proposed platform leverages embedded systems technology to offer real-time feedback and control, facilitating personalized and interactive rehabilitation exercises. By incorporating bio- cooperative control strategies, which enable seamless collaboration between the user and the rehabilitation system, the platform aims to enhance engagement and effectiveness of rehabilitation sessions. The platform's versatility allows it to be easily customized and adapted to different rehabilitation scenarios, making it a promising tool for improving outcomes in upper-limb neuromotor rehabilitation.

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Max, L., A. J. Caruso, and V. L. Gracco. "Neuromotor control in stuttering: Speech, orofacial nonspeech, and finger movements." Journal of Fluency Disorders 25, no. 3 (September 2000): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0094-730x(00)80217-x.

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Berg, William P., and Michael R. Hughes. "Information for anticipatory neuromotor control in catching under load uncertainty." Experimental Brain Research 238, no. 5 (April 18, 2020): 1285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-020-05809-8.

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Knight, Christopher A. "Neuromotor Issues in the Learning and Control of Golf Skill." Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 75, no. 1 (March 2004): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2004.10609128.

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FRANETTOVICH SMITH, MELINDA M., CONOR HONEYWILL, NARELLE WYNDOW, KAY M. CROSSLEY, and MARK W. CREABY. "Neuromotor Control of Gluteal Muscles in Runners with Achilles Tendinopathy." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 46, no. 3 (March 2014): 594–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000000133.

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Wickham, J. B., and J. M. M. Brown. "Muscles within muscles: the neuromotor control of intra-muscular segments." European Journal of Applied Physiology 78, no. 3 (July 1, 1998): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004210050410.

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Cowan, Sallie M., and Kay M. Crossley. "Does gender influence neuromotor control of the knee and hip?" Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 19, no. 2 (April 2009): 276–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2007.07.009.

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Berg, William P., and Michael R. Hughes. "The Effect of Load Uncertainty and Foreperiod Regularity on Anticipatory and Compensatory Neuromotor Control in Catching." Motor Control 21, no. 1 (January 2017): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/mc.2015-0003.

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Muscle activation was measured using EMG in 28 males (n = 28) while participants caught visually identical balls of known and unknown weights (50, 1.32, 2.18, and 2.99 kg) under variable (1–10s) and constant (3s) foreperiods. EMG integrals were computed for three time intervals before the catch (anticipatory), and one after (compensatory). Load uncertainty caused the CNS to use an anticipatory strategy characterized by preparation to catch balls of an unknown weight by utilizing about 92% of the muscle activation used to catch the heaviest possible ball under the known weight condition. The CNS appeared to scale anticipatory muscle activation to afford an opportunity to catch a ball of an unknown weight between .50 and 2.99 kg. The constant 3s foreperiod, which permitted temporal anticipation, did not influence the anticipatory neuromotor strategy adopted by the CNS to cope with load uncertainty. Load uncertainty also altered compensatory neuromotor control in catching.

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Radhakrishnan, Saritha M., Stuart N. Baker, and Andrew Jackson. "Learning a Novel Myoelectric-Controlled Interface Task." Journal of Neurophysiology 100, no. 4 (October 2008): 2397–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.90614.2008.

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Control of myoelectric prostheses and brain–machine interfaces requires learning abstract neuromotor transformations. To investigate the mechanisms underlying this ability, we trained subjects to move a two-dimensional cursor using a myoelectric-controlled interface. With the upper limb immobilized, an electromyogram from multiple hand and arm muscles moved the cursor in directions that were either intuitive or nonintuitive and with high or low variability. We found that subjects could learn even nonintuitive arrangements to a high level of performance. Muscle-tuning functions were cosine shaped and modulated so as to reduce cursor variability. Subjects exhibited an additional preference for using hand muscles over arm muscles, which resulted from a greater capacity of these to form novel, task-specific synergies. In a second experiment, nonvisual feedback from the hand was degraded with amplitude- and frequency-modulated vibration. Although vibration impaired task performance, it did not affect the rate at which learning occurred. We therefore conclude that the motor system can acquire internal models of novel, abstract neuromotor mappings even in the absence of overt movements or accurate proprioceptive signals, but that the distal motor system may be better suited to provide flexible control signals for neuromotor prostheses than structures related to the arm.

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Pillerová, Miriam, Diana Drobná, Jakub Szabó, Emese Renczés, Veronika Borbélyová, Daniela Ostatníková, Peter Celec, and Ľubomíra Tóthová. "Neuromotor Development in the Shank3 Mouse Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder." Brain Sciences 12, no. 7 (June 30, 2022): 872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12070872.

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Although autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is mainly characterized by developmental delay in social and communication skills, it has been shown that neuromotor deficits are an early component of ASD. The neuromotor development of B6.129-Shank3tm2Gfng/J (Shank3B-/-) mice as an animal model of autism has not been analyzed yet. The aim of this study was to compare the early neuromotor development of Shank3B-/- to wild-type mice. The mice underwent a multitude of neurodevelopmental tests and observations from postnatal day 1 (PND = 1) to weaning. Shank3B-/- mice opened their eyes later than their wild-type litter mates (p < 0.01). Shank3B-/- mice were also slower in the negative geotaxis test from PND = 13 to PND = 16 (p < 0.001) in both sexes. The results of this study indicate neurodevelopmental deficits in Shank3B-/- mice. The test is partially dependent on truncal motor control, and these lines of evidence suggest a phenotype of developmental hypotonia, which corresponds with the phenotypes seen in patients with Phelan-McDermid Syndrome. There was no observable effect of sex in any of the tests. There were no observed differences in upper and lower incisor eruption, ear unfolding, air righting, surface righting and ear twitch reflexes. Further studies should prove whether the delay in neuromotor development is linked to social or communication deficits, and thus, whether it may serve as an early indicator of autistic-like phenotype in mice.

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Wyndow, Narelle, Kay M. Crossley, Ryan Stafford, Bill Vicenzino, Natalie J. Collins, and Kylie Tucker. "Neuromotor control during stair ambulation in individuals with patellofemoral osteoarthritis compared to asymptomatic controls." Gait & Posture 71 (June 2019): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.03.029.

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Edgerton, V. Reggie, and Roland R. Roy. "Invited Review: Gravitational biology of the neuromotor systems: a perspective to the next era." Journal of Applied Physiology 89, no. 3 (September 1, 2000): 1224–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2000.89.3.1224.

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Earth's gravity has had a significant impact on the designs of the neuromotor systems that have evolved. Early indications are that gravity also plays a key role in the ontogenesis of some of these design features. The purpose of the present review is not to assess and interpret a body of knowledge in the usual sense of a review but to look ahead, given some of the general concepts that have evolved and observations made to date, which can guide our future approach to gravitational biology. We are now approaching an era in gravitational biology during which well-controlled experiments can be conducted for sustained periods in a microgravity environment. Thus it is now possible to study in greater detail the role of gravity in phylogenesis and ontogenesis. Experiments can range from those conducted on the simplest levels of organization of the components that comprise the neuromotor system to those conducted on the whole organism. Generally, the impact of Earth's gravitational environment on living systems becomes more complex as the level of integration of the biological phenomenon of interest increases. Studies of the effects of gravitational vectors on neuromotor systems have and should continue to provide unique insight into these mechanisms that control and maintain neural control systems designed to function in Earth's gravitational environment. A number of examples are given of how a gravitational biology perspective can lead to a clearer understanding of neuromotor disorders. Furthermore, the technologies developed for spaceflight studies have contributed and should continue to contribute to studies of motor dysfunctions, such as spinal cord injury and stroke. Disorders associated with energy support and delivery systems and how these functions are altered by sedentary life styles at 1 G and by space travel in a microgravity environment are also discussed.

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Rong, Panying. "Neuromotor Control of Speech and Speechlike Tasks: Implications From Articulatory Gestures." Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 5, no. 5 (October 23, 2020): 1324–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_persp-20-00070.

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Purpose This study aimed to provide a preliminary examination of the articulatory control of speech and speechlike tasks based on a gestural framework and identify shared and task-specific articulatory factors in speech and speechlike tasks. Method Ten healthy participants performed two speechlike tasks (i.e., alternating motion rate [AMR] and sequential motion rate [SMR]) and three speech tasks (i.e., reading of “clever Kim called the cat clinic” at the regular, fast, and slow rates) that varied in phonological complexity and rate. Articulatory kinematics were recorded using an electromagnetic kinematic tracking system (Wave, Northern Digital Inc.). Based on the gestural framework for articulatory phonology, the gestures of tongue body and lips were derived from the kinematic data. These gestures were subjected to a fine-grained analysis, which extracted (a) four gestural features (i.e., range of magnitude [ROM], frequency [Freq], acceleration time, and maximum speed [maxSpd]) for the tongue body gesture; (b) three intergestural measures including the peak intergestural coherence (InterCOH), frequency at which the peak intergestural coherence occurs (Freq_InterCOH), and the mean absolute relative phase between the tongue body and lip gestures; and (c) three intragestural (i.e., interarticulator) measures including the peak intragestural coherence (IntraCOH), Freq_IntraCOH, and mean absolute relative phase between the tongue body and the jaw, which are the component articulators that underlie the tongue body gesture. In addition, the performance rate for each task was also derived. The effects of task and sex on all the articulatory and behavioral measures were examined using mixed-design analysis of variance followed by post hoc pairwise comparisons across tasks. Results Task had a significant effect on performance rate, ROM, Freq, maxSpd, InterCOH, Freq_InterCOH, IntraCOH, and Freq_IntraCOH. Compared to the speech tasks, the AMR task showed a decrease in ROM and increases in Freq, InterCOH, Freq_InterCOH, IntraCOH, and Freq_IntraCOH. The SMR task showed similar ROM, Freq, maxSpd, InterCOH, and IntraCOH as the fast and regular speech tasks. Conclusions The simple phonological structure and demand for rapid syllable rate for the AMR task may elicit a distinct articulatory control mechanism. Despite being a rapid nonsense syllable repetition task, the relatively complex phonological structure of the SMR task appeared to elicit a similar articulatory control mechanism as that of speech production. Based on these shared and task-specific articulatory features between speech and speechlike tasks, the clinical implications for articulatory assessment were discussed.

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Kumar, Deepak, Charles (Buz) Swanik, Darcy S. Reisman, and Katherine S. Rudolph. "Individuals with medial knee osteoarthritis show neuromuscular adaptation when perturbed during walking despite functional and structural impairments." Journal of Applied Physiology 116, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00244.2013.

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Neuromuscular control relies on sensory feedback that influences responses to changing external demands, and the normal response is for movement and muscle activation patterns to adapt to repeated perturbations. People with knee osteoarthritis (OA) are known to have pain, quadriceps weakness, and neuromotor deficits that could affect adaption to external perturbations. The aim of this study was to analyze neuromotor adaptation during walking in people with knee OA ( n = 38) and controls ( n = 23). Disability, quadriceps strength, joint space width, malalignment, and proprioception were assessed. Kinematic and EMG data were collected during undisturbed walking and during perturbations that caused lateral translation of the foot at initial contact. Knee excursions and EMG magnitudes were analyzed. Subjects with OA walked with less knee motion and higher muscle activation and had greater pain, limitations in function, quadriceps weakness, and malalignment, but no difference was observed in proprioception. Both groups showed increased EMG and decreased knee motion in response to the first perturbation, followed by progressively decreased EMG activity and increased knee motion during midstance over the first five perturbations, but no group differences were observed. Over 30 trials, EMG levels returned to those of normal walking. The results illustrate that people with knee OA respond similarly to healthy individuals when exposed to challenging perturbations during functional weight-bearing activities despite structural, functional, and neuromotor impairments. Mechanisms underlying the adaptive response in people with knee OA need further study.

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Brandenburg, Joline E., Matthew J. Fogarty, Alyssa D. Brown, and Gary C. Sieck. "Phrenic motor neuron loss in an animal model of early onset hypertonia." Journal of Neurophysiology 123, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 1682–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00026.2020.

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Phrenic motor neuron (PhMN) development in early onset hypertonia is poorly understood. Yet, respiratory disorders are a common cause of morbidity and mortality. In spa mice, an animal model of early onset hypertonia, we found ~30% fewer PhMNs, compared with controls. This PhMN loss disproportionately affected larger PhMNs. Thus, the number and heterogeneity of the PhMN pool are decreased in spa mice, likely contributing to the hypertonia, impaired neuromotor control, and respiratory disorders.

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Coutinho, Giselle Athayde Xavier, Daniela de Mattos Lemos, and Antônio Prates Caldeira. "Impact of physiotherapy on neuromotor development of premature newborns." Fisioterapia em Movimento 27, no. 3 (September 2014): 413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-5150.027.003.ao12.

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Introduction The population of children born prematurely has increased in line with improving the quality of perinatal care. It is essential to ensure to these children a healthy development. Objective We evaluate the neuromotor development of a group of preterm infants regularly assisted by a physiotherapy service in comparison to full-term newborns, checking, so the impact of the service. Materials and methods We randomly assigned preterm and full-term infants that formed two distinct groups. The group of preterm infants was inserted into a monitoring program of physiotherapy while the other infants were taken as a control group not receiving any assistance in physiotherapy. The groups were compared using the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) at forty-week, four and six months of corrected gestational age and the scores were compared using Student's t-test, assuming a significance level of 5% (p < 0.05). Results The preterm group had significantly lower scores at 40th week compared to the control group, but subsequent scores showed no significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion The timely and adequate stimulation was efficient to promote the motor development of premature infants included in a follow up clinic.

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Widman Valencia, María Elena, Damaris Estrella Castillo, and Lizzette Gómez De Regil. "Oral-motor therapy." Revista Ocupación Humana 24, no. 1 (February 19, 2024): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.25214/25907816.1618.

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Eating and swallowing disorders are prevalent among children with neuromotor disabilities, significantly impacting their overall quality of life. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the challenges by restricting access to health care, underscoring the necessity for innovative solutions with caregiver involvement. This study investigated the effectiveness of a distance learning educational model in oral-motor therapy for primary caregivers of children with neuromotor impairments in Mérida, Mexico. The quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design included thirty primary caregivers of children aged 2 to 12 with feeding and swallowing disorders from seven institutions. Twenty-three participants completed the program. The program encompassed theoretical sessions on various aspects of oral motor therapy and practical sessions focusing on hands-on training. Results revealed substantial enhancements in theoretical knowledge and practical competencies among caregivers, with competence levels exceeding 80% in all evaluated activities. Despite these positive outcomes, the study acknowledges limitations such as a small sample size and the absence of a control group. Addressing these constraints through future research endeavors will bolster the evidence supporting the effectiveness of this innovative caregiver-centric approach. Ultimately, integrating caregivers into the care team is imperative for improving the quality of life for children with neuromotor disabilities and effectively managing eating and swallowing disorders.

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Nathan, Dominic E., Robert W. Prost, Stephen J. Guastello, and Dean C. Jeutter. "Understanding the importance of natural neuromotor strategy in upper extremity neuroprosthetic control." International Journal of Bioinformatics Research and Applications 10, no. 2 (2014): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbra.2014.059521.

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Chung, P., and G. Ng. "Effects of Taekwondo training on neuromotor control of large and small muscles." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 13 (December 2010): e82-e83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2010.10.636.

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Freedman, S. "Respiratory muscles and their neuromotor control (volume 26 of nuerology and neurobiology)." British Journal of Diseases of the Chest 82 (January 1988): 205–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0007-0971(88)90055-1.

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Clark, Brian C., Joseph R. Pierce, Todd M. Manini, and Lori L. Ploutz-Snyder. "Effect of prolonged unweighting of human skeletal muscle on neuromotor force control." European Journal of Applied Physiology 100, no. 1 (February 8, 2007): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-007-0399-6.

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Brandl, Andreas, Christoph Egner, Rüdiger Reer, Tobias Schmidt, and Robert Schleip. "Associations between Deformation of the Thoracolumbar Fascia and Activation of the Erector Spinae and Multifidus Muscle in Patients with Acute Low Back Pain and Healthy Controls: A Matched Pair Case-Control Study." Life 12, no. 11 (October 28, 2022): 1735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12111735.

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Background: The thoracolumbar fascia (TLF) is thought to play a role in the development of LBP, but it is not yet clear which factor of TLF changes is a cause and which is an effect. Therefore, some studies used the cross-correlation function (CCR) to reveal time-dependent relationships between biomechanical and neuromotor factors. Methods: Ten patients with acute low back pain (aLBP) were matched to healthy controls. Simultaneous recording of surface electromyography (sEMG) of the erector spinae and multifidus muscle (ESM) and dynamic ultrasound (US) images of TLF deformation were performed during trunk extension. CCR functions and Granger causality (GC) were used to describe the relationship between the two measures. Results: CCR time lags were significant higher in the aLBP group (p = 0.04). GC showed a direct effect of TLF deformation on ESM activation only in the aLBP group (p < 0.03). Conclusions: The results suggest that in aLBP, ESM activity is significantly affected by TLF, whereas this relationship is completely random in healthy subjects studied with CCR and GC comparisons of dynamic US imaging and sEMG data signals. Fascia-related disturbances in neuromotor control, particularly due to altered muscle spindle functions, are suspected as a possible mechanism behind this.

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Clayton, H. M. "Equine back pain reviewed from a motor control perspective." Comparative Exercise Physiology 8, no. 3-4 (January 1, 2012): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep12023.

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Back pain is recognized as a common and often recurrent problem in people and horses. Although there are many inciting causes of back pain, these often lead to a common pathway involving changes in neuromotor control and neurogenic atrophy of m. multifidi. The multi-layered and multi-directional fibres of this muscle stabilize the intervertebral joints in the face of bending and torsional moments. Inactivation and atrophy result in spinal instability and micromotion of the joints that predispose to further injury and degenerative changes, thus setting the scene for recurrent episodes of back pain. This review explores similarities between human and equine back pain, especially with regard to pathophysiology and prevention.

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Alves, Alberto J., Yin Wu, Susana Lopes, Fernando Ribeiro, and Linda S. Pescatello. "Exercise for Hypertension: New Recommendation Strategies for Blood Pressure Control." Journal of Clinical Exercise Physiology 12, no. 4 (December 1, 2023): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31189/2165-6193-12.4.120.

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ABSTRACT Hypertension is a leading preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, stroke, and premature death worldwide. Due to its undeniable antihypertensive effects, exercise training is advised as an effective nonpharmacological method of preventing, treating, and controlling hypertension by the main professional and scientific societies, including the American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association, European Society of Hypertension, American College of Sports Medicine, and Exercise and Sport Science Australia. In this review, we aim to summarize the current recommendations of exercise training for hypertension and discuss the emerging research supporting the integration of new exercise strategies, such as neuromotor and isometric resistance exercise, for the prevention and management of hypertension.

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Vélez-Guerrero, Manuel Andrés, Mauro Callejas-Cuervo, and Stefano Mazzoleni. "Design, Development, and Testing of an Intelligent Wearable Robotic Exoskeleton Prototype for Upper Limb Rehabilitation." Sensors 21, no. 16 (August 10, 2021): 5411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21165411.

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Neuromotor rehabilitation and recovery of upper limb functions are essential to improve the life quality of patients who have suffered injuries or have pathological sequels, where it is desirable to enhance the development of activities of daily living (ADLs). Modern approaches such as robotic-assisted rehabilitation provide decisive factors for effective motor recovery, such as objective assessment of the progress of the patient and the potential for the implementation of personalized training plans. This paper focuses on the design, development, and preliminary testing of a wearable robotic exoskeleton prototype with autonomous Artificial Intelligence-based control, processing, and safety algorithms that are fully embedded in the device. The proposed exoskeleton is a 1-DoF system that allows flexion-extension at the elbow joint, where the chosen materials render it compact. Different operation modes are supported by a hierarchical control strategy, allowing operation in autonomous mode, remote control mode, or in a leader-follower mode. Laboratory tests validate the proper operation of the integrated technologies, highlighting a low latency and reasonable accuracy. The experimental result shows that the device can be suitable for use in providing support for diagnostic and rehabilitation processes of neuromotor functions, although optimizations and rigorous clinical validation are required beforehand.

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Madsen, Aimee, Kathryn Alfonso, and Heather K. Vincent. "Figure Skating Musculoskeletal Injury: Evidence across Disciplines, Mechanisms, and Future Directions." Current Sports Medicine Reports 23, no. 10 (October 2024): 332–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/jsr.0000000000001198.

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Abstract This review provides a synopsis of current injury patterns, potential mechanisms, and off-ice exercise prevention considerations as the sport of figure skating evolves. The lifetime prevalence of injury for all skaters is estimated to be 79.5%, with the most common sites being spine and lower extremity. Singles skaters more often develop chronic injuries compared to acute (68.9% vs 31.1%), whereas non-singles skaters more often experience acute injuries. Lower limb stress fracture prevalence ranges from 10% to 21.4% across disciplines. Emerging contributors include training volume, technical difficulty and repetition of complex elements (multirotational jumps, lifts, holds), extreme ranges of movement about the spine and hip, age and experience level, and functional capacity (dynamic strength, flexibility, balance, and neuromotor control). Prevention programs in competitive figure skaters may include monitoring of training volumes, emphasis on technique, appropriate boot fit, and strength and conditioning content to prepare for increasing neuromotor, balance, and power demands of the sport.

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Schilaty, Nathan D., Filippo Savoldi, Zahra Nasr, and Brian G. Weinshenker. "Neuromotor control associates with muscle weakness observed with McArdle sign of multiple sclerosis." Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology 9, no. 4 (March 15, 2022): 515–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acn3.51526.

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Smits-Engelsman, B. C. M., W. P. de Jong, M. M. Schoemaker, and G. P. van Galen. "Can physical therapy change the dysfunction of neuromotor control in children with dysgraphia." Gait & Posture 3, no. 4 (December 1995): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0966-6362(96)82895-5.

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Chu, Shin Ying, and Steven M. Barlow. "Orofacial Biomechanics and Speech Motor Control." Perspectives on Speech Science and Orofacial Disorders 19, no. 1 (July 2009): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/ssod19.1.37.

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Abstract The mechanical properties (e.g., mass, stiffness, viscoelasticity) of bone, cartilage, muscle, tendon, ligament, fat, and skin among articulatory subsystems involved in speech and gesture collectively influence all aspects of movement and must be accounted for in the selection and sequencing of motor program elements. Damage or disease processes affecting peripheral or central nervous system function, or both, can affect muscle coordination and alter muscle stiffness. Therefore, the biomechanics of orofacial and vocal tract structures should be taken into account when considering the movement patterns and network signaling in the neuromotor control system in health and disease. The purpose of this report is to summarize our evolving approach to and application of orofacial biomechanics in the context of movement disorders associated with dysarthria and craniofacial anomalies. We describe a new application for mapping stiffness in the lips for clinical application in pediatric and adult populations.

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Cai, Xiao. "Promising Neuroscience Methods in Exploring the Spatiotemporal Mechanisms underlying Speech Motor Control." Journal of Psychology & Behavior Research 6, no. 2 (October 30, 2024): p176. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jpbr.v6n2p176.

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Speech motor control is a complex neuromotor behavior that requires the combined efforts of feedforward control and feedback control subsystems. With the advent of neuroscience, multiple lines of research have explored the spatiotemporal mechanisms underlying this process. The purpose of this review was to point out several promising neuroscience methods and their unique values in enriching the speech motor control literature. We discussed the clinical value of noninvasive brain stimulation methods, and the theoretical value of invasive brain recording methods, as well as the predictive value of brain connectivity techniques. Based on prior findings, we propose a roadmap for future research, identifying structure-function coupling that supports speech motor control.

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Fajardo Martinez, Viviana, Dajie Zhang, Sophia Paiola, Thalia Mok, Mary C. Cambou, Tara Kerin, Rashmi Rao, et al. "Neuromotor repertoires in infants exposed to maternal COVID-19 during pregnancy: a cohort study." BMJ Open 13, no. 1 (January 2023): e069194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069194.

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ObjectiveTo evaluate neuromotor repertoires and developmental milestones in infants exposed to antenatal COVID-19.DesignLongitudinal cohort study.SettingHospital-based study in Los Angeles, USA and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil between March 2020 and December 2021.ParticipantsInfants born to mothers with COVID-19 during pregnancy and prepandemic control infants from the Graz University Database.InterventionsGeneral movement assessment (GMA) videos between 3 and 5 months post-term age were collected and clinical assessments/developmental milestones evaluated at 6–8 months of age. Cases were matched by gestational age, gender and post-term age to prepandemic neurotypical unexposed controls from the database.Main outcome measuresMotor Optimality Scores Revised (MOS-R) at 3–5 months. Presence of developmental delay (DD) at 6–8 months.Results239 infants were enrolled; 124 cases (83 in the USA/41 in Brazil) and 115 controls. GMA was assessed in 115 cases and 115 controls; 25% were preterm. Median MOS-R in cases was 23 (IQR 21–24, range 9–28) vs 25 (IQR 24–26, range 20–28) in controls, p<0.001. Sixteen infants (14%) had MOS-R scores <20 vs zero controls, p<0.001. At 6–8 months, 13 of 109 case infants (12%) failed to attain developmental milestones; all 115 control infants had normal development. The timing of maternal infection in pregnancy (first, second or third trimester) or COVID-19 disease severity (NIH categories asymptomatic, mild/moderate or severe/critical) was not associated with suboptimal MOS-R or DD. Maternal fever in pregnancy was associated with DD (OR 3.7; 95% CI 1.12 to 12.60) but not suboptimal MOS-R (OR 0.25; 95% CI 0.04 to 0.96).ConclusionsCompared with prepandemic controls, infants exposed to antenatal COVID-19 more frequently had suboptimal neuromotor development.

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Chaston, Andrew, Naomi Thomas, and Ewa Niechwiej-Szwedo. "Evaluation of motor capacity and neuromotor control for tapping and sliding movements reveals differences in visuomotor control." Human Movement Science 98 (December 2024): 103279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2024.103279.

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Gracco, Vincent L. "Some Organizational Characteristics of Speech Movement Control." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 37, no. 1 (February 1994): 4–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3701.04.

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The neuromotor organization for a class of speech sounds (bilabials) was examined to evaluate the control principles underlying speech as a sensorimotor process. Oral opening and closing actions for the consonants /p/, /b/, and /m/ (C1) in /s V1 C1 V2 C2/ context, where V1 was either /ae/ or /i/, V2 was /ae/, and C2 was /p/, were analyzed from 4 subjects. The timing of oral opening and closing action was found to be a significant variable differentiating bilabial consonants. Additionally, opening and closing actions were found to covary along a number of dimensions implicating the movement cycle as the minimal unit of speech motor programming. The sequential adjustments of the lips and jaw varied systematically with phonetic context reflecting the different functional roles of these articulators in the production of consonants and vowels. The implication of these findings for speech production is discussed.

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Copilusi, Cristian, Sorin Dumitru, Ionut Geonea, Leonard Gherghe Ciurezu, and Nicolae Dumitru. "Design Approaches of an Exoskeleton for Human Neuromotor Rehabilitation." Applied Sciences 12, no. 8 (April 13, 2022): 3952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12083952.

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This paper addresses a design for an exoskeleton used for human locomotion purposes in cases of people with neuromotor disorders. The reason for starting this research was given by the development of some intelligent systems for walking recovery involved in a new therapy called stationary walking therapy. This therapy type will be used in this research case, through a robotic system specially designed for functional walking recovery. Thus, the designed robotic system structure will have a patient lifting/positioning mechanism, a special exoskeleton equipped with sensors and actuators, a treadmill for walking, and a command and control unit. The exoskeleton’s lower limbs will have six orthotic devices. Thus, the exoskeleton’s lower limbs’ motions and orthoses angle variations will be generated by healthy human subjects on the treadmill with the possibility of memorizing these specific motions for obtaining one complete gait cycle. After this, the memorized motions will be performed to a patient with neuromotor disorders for walking recovery programs. The design core is focused on two planar-parallel mechanisms implemented at the knee and ankle joints of each leg’s exoskeleton. Thus, numerical simulations for the design process were carried out to validate the engineering feasibility of the proposed leg exoskeleton.

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Desrochers, Brunfeldt, Sidiropoulos, and Kagerer. "Sensorimotor Control in Dystonia." Brain Sciences 9, no. 4 (April 11, 2019): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9040079.

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This is an overview of the sensorimotor impairments in dystonia, a syndrome characterized by sustained or intermittent aberrant movement patterns leading to abnormal movements and/or postures with or without a tremulous component. Dystonia can affect the entire body or specific body regions and results from a plethora of etiologies, including subtle changes in gray and white matter in several brain regions. Research over the last 25 years addressing topics of sensorimotor control has shown functional sensorimotor impairments related to sensorimotor integration, timing, oculomotor and head control, as well as upper and lower limb control. In the context of efforts to update the classification of dystonia, sensorimotor research is highly relevant for a better understanding of the underlying pathology, and potential mechanisms contributing to global and regional dysfunction within the central nervous system. This overview of relevant research regarding sensorimotor control in humans with idiopathic dystonia attempts to frame the dysfunction with respect to what is known regarding motor control in patients and healthy individuals. We also highlight promising avenues for the future study of neuromotor control that may help to further elucidate dystonia etiology, pathology, and functional characteristics.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Neuromotor control'

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