Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Neuroglia'
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Edwards, James Roy. "Modelling Chemical Communication in Neuroglia." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2184.
Full textEdwards, James Roy. "Modelling Chemical Communication in Neuroglia." University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2184.
Full textIn vivo many forms of glia utilise both intercellular and extracellular pathways in the form of IP3 permeable gap junctions and cytoplasmic ATP diffusion to produce calcium waves. We introduce a model of ATP and Ca2+ waves in clusters of glial cells in which both pathways are included. Through demonstrations of its capacity to replicate the results of existing theoretical models of individual pathways and to simulate experimental observations of retinal glia the validity of the model is confirmed. Characteristics of the waves resulting from the inclusion of both pathways are identified and described.
Tomac, Andreas C. "Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor : expression patterns, neuronal transport, regulation, effects and receptor dependence /." Stockholm, 1998. http://diss.kib.ki.se/search/diss.se.cfm?19980618toma.
Full textFung, Chun-kit. "In vitro and in vivo studies of skin-derived Schwann cells in nerve regeneration." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2010. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43936027.
Full textГринцова, Наталія Борисівна, Наталия Борисовна Гринцова, and Nataliia Borysivna Hryntsova. "Реакція нейроглії кори мозочка за умов впливу на організм сульфатів міді, цинку та заліза." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/42239.
Full textJennings, Alison Ruth. "Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells : from experimental remyelination to multiple sclerosis." University of Western Australia. School of Surgery and Pathology, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0047.
Full textYang, Luping. "Molecular mechanisms of TAR-independent regulation by HIV-1 tat in central nervous system-derived glial cells." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25338.
Full text楊鐸輝 and Tok-fai Vincent Yeung. "Aspects of the biological interactions between natriuretic peptides and cultured glial cells." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31981665.
Full textLeung, Ho-yan, and 梁可昕. "A study of membrane-bound neuregulin in mediating fate commitment of Schwann cell-like cells." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193482.
Full textpublished_or_final_version
Biochemistry
Master
Master of Philosophy
Sitnikov, Sergey. "Activity dependent neuron-glia interactions in health and disease." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708663.
Full textYeung, Tok-fai Vincent. "Aspects of the biological interactions between natriuretic peptides and cultured glial cells." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18650302.
Full textWalter, Lisa Ann. "Cannabinoid signaling in glia / Lisa Ann Walter." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6271.
Full textKloss, Christian Ulrich Alexander. "Integrine und Neuroglia eine Familie von Zelladhäsionsmolekülen und die Mikroglia-Aktivierung im zentralen Nervensystem /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=962078727.
Full textJohansson, Malin Saga. "On the influence of glia on neurite outgrowth from dopamine neurons in the nigrostriatal system /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7140-181-4/.
Full textStridh, Malin. "Glial hemichannels : a new route for chemical communication in brain /." Göteborg : Dept. of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/9880.
Full textFung, Chun-kit, and 馮俊傑. "In vitro and in vivo studies of skin-derived Schwann cells in nerve regeneration." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43936027.
Full textTsui, Yat-ping, and 徐軼冰. "Derivation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells from adult bone marrow stromal cells." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/197485.
Full textpublished_or_final_version
Biochemistry
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
Peakman, Marie-Claire. "Intracellular responses to histamine and adenosine in rat brain-derived glian cells." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241173.
Full textPeiter, Marcia. "Análise ultra-estrutural do gânglio cerebral do caracol Megalobulimus abbreviatus submetido à anoxia experimental." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/143516.
Full textKniss, Douglas A. "An in vitro model to study the cytokinetics of astroglial cells : analysis of regulation by glucocorticoid hormones and polypeptide growth factors /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487266011223896.
Full textBressan, Elisângela. "Evidências de que a atividade glial na medula espinhal altera proporcionalmente a inflamação artrítica em ratos." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/94554.
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A ativação de células gliais na medula espinhal resulta em liberação de mediadores pró-inflamatórios que alteram a excitabilidade neuronal e contribuem para a amplificação da dor. No entanto, pouco se conhece sobre o papel da glia na inflamação periférica em doenças crônicas como a artrite. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da inibição da atividade glial na inflamação articular induzida por carragenina/LPS em ratos, bem como o papel da fractalcina e do TNF-? na interação entre neurônios e glia. Utilizou-se o modelo de artrite induzido por LPS (30 ng) intra-articular 72 horas após sensibilização prévia da articulação com carragenina (300 µg). Fluorocitrato, minociclina, anti-fractalcina, fractalcina, anti-TNF-?, TNF-? e talidomida foram injetados pela via intratecal 20 minutos antes do LPS. A nocicepção foi avaliada através da medida da incapacitação articular e o edema pelo aumento do diâmetro articular. Após 6 horas, o fluido sinovial (FS) e a medula espinhal (L4-L5) foram coletados para contagem de leucócitos e determinação da imunoreatividade do GFAP e OX-42, respectivamente. Doses baixas de fluorocitrato (0,3 nmol) e minociclina (6 e 24 nmol), inibiram o aumento do diâmetro articular induzido por carragenina/LPS. O aumento da dose destes fármacos exacerbou o efeito anti-edematogênico e inibiu a incapacitação e o acúmulo de leucócitos no FS. Aminoglutetimida (50 mg/kg) não alterou os efeitos hiponociceptivo e anti-edematogênico do fluorocitrato e da minociclina. A inibição do reflexo da raiz dorsal pela furosemida (3, 10 e 30 µg) não foi aditiva ao efeito causado pelos inibidores gliais. Fluorocitrato e minociclina reduziram a imunoreatividade para GFAP e OX-42 na medula espinhal. Fractalcina (0,3 e 30 ng) e TNF-? (1, 10 e 100 pg) intratecal aumentaram o diâmetro articular, a incapacitação e o acúmulo de leucócitos no FS. Os anticorpos anti-fractalcina (1 µg), anti-TNF-? (0,1; 0,5 e 1 µg) e a talidomida (10 e 100 µg) promoveram efeito contrário. Os efeitos pró-edematogênico e hipernociceptivo da fractalcina foram revertidos pelo fluorocitrato e pelo anti-TNF-?. A fractalcina aumentou a imunoreativadade para GFAP e OX-42 enquanto que a anti-fractalcina, o anti-TNF-? e a talidomida reduziram. Estes achados demonstram que além do seu papel na dor, a glia também contribui para a inflamação periférica induzida por carragenina/LPS, num processo que envolve a liberação de fractalcina e TNF-? na medula espinhal. A inibição do reflexo da raiz dorsal é sugerido como o mecanismo pelo qual os inibidores da ativação glial afetam o edema articular. Fármacos imunomoduladores administrados diretamente na medula podem ser úteis na terapia de doenças artríticas em pacientes que não respondem adequadamente ao tratamento convencional.
Scheller, Anja [Verfasser]. "Charakterisierung der Neuroglia-Differenzierung nach Neurotrauma und während der Hirnentwicklung mit neuen transgenen Mausmodellen / Anja Scheller." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1023400715/34.
Full textRibeiro, Thiago Borsoi 1980. "Xenotransplante de células mesenquimais de tecido adiposo humano em modelo de lesão de raízes ventrais da medula espinal de rato." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311963.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: A avulsão de raízes motoras, na interface do sistema nervoso central e periférico, já bem descrito na literatura, promove uma significativa perda sináptica com degeneração de cerca de 80% dos motoneurônios afetados. Não existem estratégias eficazes que propiciem uma reversão ou amenização deste quadro, mas alguns estudos já mostram que o passo fundamental é preservar os motoneurônios afetados. Pesquisas em diferentes áreas com células-tronco (CT) adultas estão sendo realizadas nos últimos anos e apresentam resultados promissores para a medicina regenerativa. Investigações recentes têm apontado para diferentes fontes de CT em tecidos adultos tais como de medula óssea, de sangue de cordão umbilical, tecido muscular, tecido nervoso, líquido amniótico entre outras. De modo geral, estas células apresentam como características principais a capacidade de proliferação e a diferenciação para outros tipos celulares. Entretanto, os principais problemas para o uso clínico das CT adultas são: i) pequena quantidade de células multipotentes, ii) o controle da diferenciação, iii) insuficiência no número de células viáveis e iiii) difícil obtenção. Como alternativa às dificuldades anteriormente citadas, o tecido adiposo tem sido foco de intensos estudos, pois este tecido possui rica fonte de células pluripotentes, além de apresentarem características positivas como fácil acesso ao tecido adiposo subcutâneo, obtenção em quantidade abundante e processo de isolamento celular relativamente simples. Apesar deste tecido apresentar organização complexa, é na fração celular do estroma vascular que se encontra uma rica população de células pluripotentes. Dados de literatura demonstram que as células mesenquimais derivadas de tecido adiposo (AT-MSC - Células mesenquimais de tecido adiposo), mediante incubação com meios de cultura variados, diferenciam-se em adipócitos, osteócitos, mioblastos, hepatócitos, células vasculares entre outras. A diferenciação de AT-MSC em células neuronais ainda é alvo de discussões e críticas na literatura, pois não há protocolos estabelecidos que induzam a diferenciação em células neuronais funcionais absolutas. Ainda, recentes estudos atribuem um potencial neuroprotetor e uma capacidade imunomodulatória à produção de fatores neurotróficos e a produção de fatores solúveis pelas AT-MSCs, constituindo talvez o principal mecanismo de ação destas células in vivo. O xenotransplante também é alvo de criticas de diversos trabalhos. Células humanas em modelo animal têm sido usadas constantemente em diversos trabalhos e o uso ou não de imunossupressores é um dos motivos de questionamento dos resultados, uma vez que sistemas imunológicos diferentes podem causar reações imunológicas não pretendidas nos estudos e, consequentemente, os resultados não seriam confiáveis. Entretanto, artigos de revisões x bibliográficas demonstram que diversos estudos envolvendo células-tronco mesenquimais e modelos animais têm resultados promissores e corroboram entre si. Com objetivo de investigar a ação de células-troncos de tecido adiposo de lipoaspirado humano em modelo animal, o presente trabalho propôs analisar a capacidade de sobrevivência das AT-MSCs humanas no modelo de avulsão da raiz ventral de ratos, bem como sua capacidade de neuroproteção dos motoneurônios lesionados e sua competência de imunossupressão no período de 2 semanas pós lesão (período agudo). Análise da dinâmica das sinapses, da reação astroglial e microglial e da reação de linfócitos T tiveram o objetivo de identificar condições que promovessem a sobrevivência e regeneração dos motoneurônios axotomizados assim como a capacidade de atuação das células humanas em ratos. Deste modo, foi observado que o tratamento com as AT-MSC humanas tiveram efeito neuroprotetor, uma vez que houve aumento significativo de sobrevivência neuronal e promoveram a estabilidade sináptica. As células humanas também tiveram ação imunomodulatória, reduzindo a astrogliose reativa e ativação microglial, bem como inibiu a atividade de linfócitos T. Pode-se dizer que no modelo a ação das células-tronco mesenquimais humanas ocorre semelhante ao de transplantes alogênicos em modelos animais
Abstract: It is well described in the literature that avulsion motor at the interface of the central and peripheral nervous system, promotes a significant loss of synaptic degeneration and 80% of motor neurons death. There is no effective strategies that favor a reversal or mitigation of this framework, but some studies have shown that the key step is to preserve motor neurons affected. Researches in different areas with stem cell (CT) adults are being undertaken in recent years and show promising results for regenerative medicine. Recent investigations have pointed to different sources of CT in adult tissues such as bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, brain, muscle tissue, amniotic fluid, among others. Generally, these cells have as main characteristics capacity for proliferation and differentiation to other cell types. However, the main problems for the clinical use of adult SC are: i) small amount of multipotent cells, ii) differentiation control, iii) low number of viable cells and iiii) difficulty to obtain. As an alternative to the difficulties mentioned above, adipose tissue has been the focus of intense study, because this tissue has a rich source of stem cells, in addition to having positive characteristics such as easy access to subcutaneous adipose tissue, obtained in abundant quantities and isolation process relatively simple. Despite the complex tissue organization, the stromal vascular fraction is rich of pluripotent population cells. Literature data show that stromal cells derived from adipose tissue (AT-MSC-adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells) can differentiate by incubation with various culture media into adipocytes, osteocytes, myoblasts, hepatocytes, vascular cells, among others. The AT-MSC differentiation into neuronal cells is still subject of discussion and criticism in literature, since no established protocol has induced differentiation into function neuronal cells. Still, many studies attribute a potential neuroprotective and immunomodulatory capacity for the production's AT-MSC of neurotrophic factors and the soluble factors, constituting perhaps the main mechanism of action of these cells in vivo. Xenotransplantation is the target of criticism of many studies. Human cells constantly used in animal models have been used in several works and the use of immunosuppressants or not is subject to questioning of the results, since different immune systems can cause unwanted immune reactions in studies and, consequently, the results would not be reliable. Literature reviews show that several studies involving mesenchymal stem cells and animal models have shown promising results and corroborate each other. xii To investigate the action of stem cells from human adipose tissue lipoaspirate animal model, this study proposes to analyse the survivability of the human AT-MSC in ventral root avulsion model in rats as well as its ability to neuroprotection in moto neurons and their competence in the period of immunosuppression 2 weeks post injury (acute period). To identify conditions that promote the survival and regeneration of axotomized motoneurons as well as the capacity for action of human cells in mice, synapses dynamic analysis, astroglial and microglial reaction and reaction of T lymphocytes was examined. Thus, it was observed that treatment with AT-MSC had neuroprotective effect, since there was a significant increase in neuronal survival and the AT-MSC human promoted synaptic stability. Human cells also have immunomodulatory action, reducing reactive astrogliosis and microglial activation and inhibited the activity of T lymphocytes. It is possible that the model action of human mesenchymal stem cells is similar to that of allogeneic
Doutorado
Biologia Estrutural, Celular, Molecular e do Desenvolvimento
Doutor em Fisiopatologia Medica
Campos, Leila Maria Guissoni. "Estudo da distribuição da proteína S100b em encéfalo de ratos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42131/tde-29012008-145258/.
Full textS100b protein is expressed primarily by astroglia in the brain, and practice functional implication of S100b secretion by astrocytes into the extracellular space is scant but there is substantial evidence that secreted glial S100b exerts trophic or toxic effects depending on its concentration. We provide here a detailed description of the distribution of the calcium-binding protein S100b in and glial elements in the encefalo of rats. The distribution of S100-like immunoreactivity was analyzed by antisera: monoclonal, the b subunit (S100b) of this protein. All sera showed glial positive elements, which were more abundant in the brainstem than in the prosencephalon. S100-immunoreactive was detected in glial elements, in different regions of the telencephalon, diencephalon and mesencephalon. This distribution appears very similar to that, as well as to sparse observations on different vertebrates. Therefore, our results suggest that the distribution pattern of this protein in glial elements is highly conserved between the species.
Silajdzic, Edina. "The role of complex gangliosides in glial cell biology." Thesis, Connect to e-thesis, 2008. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/297/.
Full textPh.D. theses submitted to the Faculty of Medicine, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, 2007. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.
Guo, Anchen, and 郭安臣. "Therapeutic potentials of oligodendrocyte precursors in the animal model of multiple sclerosis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46455516.
Full textCrawford, Abbe Harper. "The role of the developmental heterogeneity of oligodendrocyte origin in remyelination of the adult central nervous system." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708905.
Full textTommei, Diva. "Transcriptional characterization of glioma neural stem cells." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608138.
Full textKinoshita, Paula Fernanda. "Sinalização inflamatória e a modulação da expressão de genes induzida pela ação da ouabaína nas isoformas a1, a2 - Na+, K+- ATPase em células da glia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42136/tde-24052014-103350/.
Full textNa,K-ATPase is a conserved membrane protein which maintains the osmotic balance in the cell by the hydrolysis of ATP. Ouabain (OUA) binds to Na,K-ATPase and it can activate signaling pathways. The a subunits of Na,K-ATPase have 4 isoforms which are distributed in a different pattern in the tissues. Glial cells have an important role in the response against injury and they also control inflammation. Some data have reported that OUA can protect against some types of injury. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of a2 isoform in glial cells in response to OUA and LPS stimulus. We investigated the action of OUA and LPS in cell viability (LDH) and cell proliferation (MTT). LPS was used as a model of inflammation and one of our questions was if the treatment with OUA before LPS was capable of reduce the activation of the transcription factor NF-kB which is involved in inflammation. The pre-treatment with OUA decreased the NF-kB activation induced by LPS. We also silenced the a2 isoform in culture glial cells with iRNA. Taken together our data showed that OUA pretreatment reversed the NF-kB activation induced by LPS in primary cultures of glial cells from mice. Probably,the a2 isoform is related with some signaling pathway that interacts with the LPS pathway.
Shimizu, William Akira Lima. "Efeitos da administração aguda de glicose após atividade física sobre o comportamento relacionado à ansiedade, memória e neuroplasticidade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47135/tde-08052015-115148/.
Full textThe stimulation by physical activity can mediate the action of IGF-1 on the induction of neuroplasticity, modulating neural energetic metabolism and influencing memory and anxiety behavior. However, physical activity can also to lead to hypoglycemia, a condition that can be reversed by the administration of glucose. As physical activity, diet has a strong influence on molecular, cellular and behavioral processes and studies analyzing exclusively the effects of high-sugar diets reveal prejudices on memory and favors anxiety. Therefore, analyze the molecular and behavioral effects in a protocol that includes physical activity and non-exclusive diet of corn syrup can corroborate or disagree with the studies that analyze the mechanisms of an exclusive diet. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of 15% of glucose corn-syrup administration after treadmill training on memory, anxiety, neuronal plasticity and cell death in male mice. Sedentary control (SED), Trained control (TRE), Sedentary administrated (SED15%) and Trained administered (TRE15%) were the 4 groups formed randomly. The training regimen consisted on a treadmill training for 40 min at 0.7km/h during 5 days. The administration of the 15% corn syrup were always given after a 1½h period after physical activity. For evaluation of aversive memory the passive avoidance was used in day 4 and day 6 and for assessment of anxiety-related behavior was used the elevated plus maze. For cell death analysis TUNEL kit that identifies DNA fragmentation was used and immunohistochemistry was applied to analyze IGF-1 expression on amygdala. Behavioral data were evaluated statistically using Prisma software and cell death and IFG-1 expression were analyzed qualitatively. Results: There was influence of administration on the lowest feed consumption to TRE15%, losses to aversive memory for both groups, inducing behavior related to anxiety in SED15%, greater exposure to risk situations for TRE15%, considerable incidence and diffuse cell death the amygdala and important expression of IGF-1 in the groups. The administration of 15% glucose corn syrup after treadmill training triggered an important expression of IGF-1, but not enough to provide neuronal protection causing considerable and diffuse points of cell death in the amygdala, losses to aversive memory, fear inducing behavior related to anxiety to SED15% and significantly greater exposure to risk situations for TRE15% after acute protocol 5 days
Tassoni, Alessia. "Retinal glial responses to mesenchymal stem cell transplantation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709042.
Full textTsui, Yat-ping. "In vitro derivation of myelinatiog Schwann cells for use in chitosan-based nerve guidance channels." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41758006.
Full textLi, Shengxiu. "The role of glial cells in the survival and axonal regeneration of retinal ganglion cells /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20897650.
Full textCosta, Deiziane Viana da Silva. "Papel da via S100β/RAGE/NFκB na patogênese da mucosite intestinal experimental por 5-fluorouracil: regulação de células gliais e de neurônios entéricos." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2016. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/17522.
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5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) promotes intestinal mucositis and motility alterations. The mucositis affect about 40% of patients receiving 5-FU and there are reports of patients presenting mucositis after the first dose. Under other inflammatory conditions, the S100β protein is involved in the RAGE activation with subsequent NFκB translocation to the nucleus and transcription of TNF-α and iNOS. The enteric glial cells through several mediators, such as S100β, interact with the intestinal epithelial cells and enteric neurons. Therefore, the aim of this study was investigate the effect of 5-FU in the enteric glial cells and neurons, as well as study the role of the via S100β/RAGE/NFκB in the pathogenesis of the experimental intestinal mucositis. Swiss male mice received saline (control, 0.9%, i.p.) or 5-FU (450 mg/Kg, i.p., single dose). After 24h, mice were treated with pentamidine, a S100β inhibitor (P0.8 mg/Kg +5FU; P4 mg/Kg +5FU; or only P4mg/Kg, i.p.) during two days and euthanized on the fouth day of the experimental protocol. The segments of the small intestine and colon were collected to analyze the following parameters: weight loss; histological alterations; expression of enteric glial cells (GFAP e S100β) and neuronal (HuC/D) marker using immunohistochemistry; expression of iNOS and co-localization of GFAP and Iba-1, and HuC/D and RAGE or NFκB NLS using immunofluorescence; protein expression of S100β, NFκB p65, iNOS and RAGE by Western Blotting; genic expression of GFAP, S100β and iNOS using qPCR; The levels of nitrite/nitrate, GSH, MDA, TNF-α and IL6 by ELISA. The 5-FU promoted reduction of intestinal villus, loss of crypts integrity, intense inflammatory cell infiltrate and hypertrophy of the myenteric plexus, as well as increased the GFAP and S100β immunostaining and diminished the HuC/D immunostaining. 5-FU was also able to elevate RAGE and NFκB NLS immunostaining in the enteric neurons and Iba-1 in the intestine, as well as, augmented the protein expression of S100β, RAGE, NFκB p65 and iNOS, and the genic expression of S100β, GFAP and iNOS. Furthermore, it enhanced the MDA, nitrite/nitrate and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α e IL-6) levels in the small intestine and colon. The S100β inhibition was able to revert these changes promoted by 5-FU. We provide evidence that 5-FU promote reactive gliosis, leading reduction of the enteric neurons via S100β/RAGE/NFκB. Together, these results suggest that S100β is a mediator important involved in the pathogenesis of the 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis.
O 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) promove mucosite intestinal e alterações da motilidade. A mucosite atinge cerca de 40% dos pacientes em tratamento com 5-FU e há relatos de pacientes que a apresentam na primeira dose administrada. Em outras condições inflamatórias, a proteína S100β está envolvida na ativação de RAGE com consequente translocação de NFκB para o núcleo e transcrição de TNF-α e de iNOS. As células gliais entéricas por meio de S100β, interagem com as células epiteliais intestinais e com os neurônios entéricos. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo é investigar o efeito do 5-FU nas células gliais e nos neurônios entéricos, bem como estudar o papel da via S100β/RAGE/NFκB na patogênese da mucosite intestinal induzida por esse quimioterápico. Os camundongos Swiss machos receberam salina (0,9%, i.p.) ou 5-FU (450 mg/Kg, i.p. dose única). Após 24h da administração do quimioterápico, administrou-se pentamidina, inibidor de S100β (P0,8 mg/Kg +5FU; P4 mg/Kg +5FU; ou somente P4mg/Kg, i.p.) durante dois dias e os animais foram eutanasiados no quarto dia do protocolo experimental. Os segmentos do intestino delgado e do cólon foram coletados para a análise dos seguintes parâmetros: perda ponderal; alterações histológicas; expressão de marcador de células gliais (GFAP e S100β) e neuronal (HuC/D) por imunohistoquímica; imunofluorescência para iNOS e dupla marcação para GFAP e Iba-1, e para HuC/D e RAGE ou NFκB NLS; expressão proteica de S100β, NFκB p65, iNOS e RAGE por Western Blotting; expressão gênica de GFAP, S100β e iNOS por qPCR; e dosagem dos níveis de nitrito/nitrato, GSH, MDA, TNF-α e IL6. O 5-FU promoveu redução das vilosidades intestinais, perda da integridade das criptas, intenso infiltrado de células inflamatórias e hipertrofia do plexo mioentérico, bem como aumento da área imunomarcada para GFAP e S100β e redução de HuC/D. Esse quimioterápico também foi capaz de elevar a imunomarcação para RAGE e NFκB NLS nos neurônios entéricos e aumentou a imunomarcação para Iba-1, assim como elevou a expressão proteica de S100β, RAGE, NFκB p65 e iNOS, e a expressão gênica de S100β, GFAP e iNOS. Além disso, aumentou os níveis de MDA, de nitrito/nitrato e de citocinas pró-inflamatórias (TNF-α e IL-6) no intestino delgado e no cólon. Ao passo que a inibição de S100β foi capaz de reverter essas alterações promovidas por 5-FU. Conclui-se que 5-FU promove gliose reativa, resultando em redução dos neurônios entéricos pela ativação da via S100β/RAGE/NFκB. Adicionalmente, S100β demonstrou ser um importante mediador envolvido na patogênese da mucosite intestinal.
Tasdemir-Yilmaz, Ozge E. "Role of Astrocytes in Sculpting Neuronal Circuits in the Drosophila CNS: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2014. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/729.
Full textTasdemir-Yilmaz, Ozge E. "Role of Astrocytes in Sculpting Neuronal Circuits in the Drosophila CNS: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2004. http://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/729.
Full textChui, Ka-meng, and 徐家明. "The role of glial cells on neuronal survival in the CNS environment after hypoxia and ischemia." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31227314.
Full textShea, Ka-hon Graham, and 佘嘉翰. "ErbB receptor modulation by the Notch pathway as a means to fate commitment in bone marrow-derived Schwann cells." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46083042.
Full textMouzannar, Raymond. "Higher order chromatin degradation induced by hydrogen peroxide in glial cells." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=2098.
Full textTitle from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 84 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 58-84).
Vallstedt, Anna. "The role of NKX proteins in neuronal and glial specification /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7140-132-6/.
Full textCosta, Ana Paula. "Alterações neurogliais em ratos expostos ao ácido ocadáico como modelo de demência." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/36023.
Full textDementia is characterized as a progressive decline in cognitive functions and severe memory loss. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. The defining neuropathological characteristics of AD are the presence of extracellular accumulation of aggregated β-amyloid in senile plaques in the brain, and also by intraneuronal aggregates of neurofibrillary (NFT) consisting of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins, wich leads to progressive brain dysfunction. Although the cause of AD remains elusive, many possible risk factors and pathological alterations have been used in the elaboration of in vivo and in vitro models of this disease, including intrahippocampal infusion of okadaic acid (OA). Okadaic acid (OA), a potent inhibitor phosphatase 1 and 2A, leads to the deposition of β-amyloid, subsequent neuronal degeneration, synaptic loss and memory impairments, all of which resemble AD-like pathology. In this study, our aim was evaluate spatial cognitive deficit and neuroglial alterations in rats submitted to the OA-induced dementia model. Male Wistar rats (90 days old) were submitted to bilateral intrahippocampal OA-injection (100 ng), and 12 days after the surgery the rats were submitted to training and test in the Morris water maze, and biochemistry tests were performed. Using this model, we evaluated spatial cognitive deficit and neuroglial alterations, particulary astroglial protein markers such as glial fribillar acidic protein (GFAP) and S100B. There have been changes in the metabolism of glutamate, the significant decrease in the excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2/GLT-1) and glutamine synthetase activity, as is characteristic of AD, increased oxidative stress, observed by increased protein carbonyl and decreased glutathione in rats submitted to injection of OA. Were also observed, alterations in the MAPKs pathway, where the infusion of OA increased the phosphorylation of p38MAPK, without altering other MAPKs, such as JNK 1/2 and ERK 1/2. In conclusion, bilateral injection of OA induces spacial cognitive deficit, and causes oxidative stress in this model and demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, neuroglial alteriations. Findings contribute to understanding diseases accompanied by cognitive deficit and the OA model of dementia.
Wang, Mingxi. "Production and characterization of recombinant mouse proGDNF." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36942376.
Full textKullberg, Susanna. "On age related changes in axons and glia of the central nervous system /." Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-271-x/.
Full text李勝修 and Shengxiu Li. "The role of glial cells in the survival and axonal regeneration of retinal ganglion cells." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31238932.
Full textTsui, Yat-ping, and 徐軼冰. "In vitro derivation of myelinatiog Schwann cells for use in chitosan-based nerve guidance channels." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41758006.
Full textSouza, Débora Guerini de. "Caracterização morfofuncional de cultura de astrócitos adultos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/142578.
Full textThe use of cell cultures of central nervous system is extensively applied to understand the cellular, molecular and biochemical mechanisms of the brain, and most part of the protocols makes use of newborns to obtain cells. In this study we have characterized a protocol to obtain astrocyte cultures of adult Wistar rats, 90 days old. For the preparation of culture, brains were carefully dissected and the cortex was dissociated mechanically and enzymatically with trypsin and papain. The cells were cultured with DMEM/F12 (10% FBS) in the first two weeks and DMEM/F12 (20% FBS) until it reaches confluence. Thereafter, the cells presented typical polygonal morphology of astrocytes, extensive marking for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and Glutamine Synthetase (GS), both important glial markers. We also evaluated glutamate uptake, GS activity and intracellular levels of glutathione (GSH). We observed the expression of other characteristic proteins of astrocytes, such as vimentin, S100B, ALDH1L1 and, in addition, the main glutamate transporters in the brain, GLT-1 and GLAST. Upon exposure to H2O2 and Zn2+, we found that astrocytes are susceptible to oxidative stress, which may cause morphological and functional changes. Also, we found that these cells are susceptible to inflammatory stimuli. Thus, we conclude that the proposed protocol is effective to generate a functional and characteristic astrocytic culture, using adult rats, which already have established neural connections compared to newborns. This may represent an important study model for neurodegenerative diseases, neuroprotection and neurotoxicity, as adult astrocytes cultured in vitro have similar characteristics to the adult brain in vivo, and can be used to obtain more reliable responses to stimuli to which they will be exposed.
Lee, Mary Elizabeth. "Axon growth and neuron-glia interactions in the olfactory system /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5684.
Full textGhaffari, Mithra. ""Glial Islands" promote survival and regeneration of neurites from chick embryo retinal neurons." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1458.
Full textCunha, Núbia Broetto. "Avaliação de parâmetros neurogliais em modelo de demência induzido por infusão intracerebroventricular de ácido ocadáico." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/150191.
Full textIntraneuronal aggregates of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), together with beta-amyloid plaques and astrogliosis, are important markers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The underlying mechanism of sporadic AD remains poorly understood, but abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau protein is suggested to have a role in NFTs genesis, which leads to neuronal dysfunction and death. The okadaic acid (OKA) toxin is a protein phosphatase 1 e 2A inhibitor and can lead to tau protein hyperphosphorylation. We have investigated the effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) OKA on neuroglial alterations 3 and 12 weeks after OKA infusion. We have also researched the effects on neuroglial parameters on hippocampal slices treated with OKA in vivo. Our results have shown cognitive impairment, hippocampal astrogliosis, based on GFAP increment, decreased glucose uptake and increase on tau phosphorylation (at Ser396) in hipocamppus and decrease in S100B protein on cerebrospinal fluid 3 weeks after ICV OKA-infusion. Moreover, 12 weeks after ICV OKA infusion we also observed a cognitive impairment and decreased on glucose uptake. In vitro, exposure of hippocampal slices to OKA altered tau phosphorylation at Ser396 without any associated change in astroglial function. In conclusion, the OKA-animal model proved to be a suitable model for neurochemical parameters assessment. Our results also indicate a partial reversibility of long-term animal model, suggesting that therapeutics strategies evaluations must be caution on this model; and reinforce how important is to investigate on brain glucose metabolism alterations on cognitive impairment.
Xiu, Jin. "Distribution and function of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in glia cells and neurons with focus on the neuroprotective mechanisms of cholesterol-lowering drugs in Alzheimer's disease /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-758-8/.
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