Relevant bibliographies by topics / Neurodevelopment

Academic literature on the topic 'Neurodevelopment'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Neurodevelopment"

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Hamis, Amy Azira, Muhammad Al Amin Shaharuddin, Nazmeen Adline Fawwazah A Fauzi, and Mohd Rizal Abdul Manaf. "Prenatal PM2.5 Exposure and Its Association with Neurodevelopmental Impairment in Children: A Narrative Review." International Journal of Public Health Research 13, no. 2 (September 3, 2023): 1743–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/ijphr.1302.2023.02.13.

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Air pollutants including PM2.5 are an increasing threat to public health. Studies have reported the adverse effect of PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy on neurodevelopment in children. We performed a narrative review using the PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases using keywords such as prenatal, particulate matter, neurodevelopment, and children. This review aims to identify symptoms of impaired neurodevelopment in children associated with prenatal PM2.5 exposure, the association between the timing of prenatal exposure PM2.5 and symptoms of impaired neurodevelopment in children as well as other factors that may influence the association of prenatal PM2.5 exposure and symptoms of impaired neurodevelopment in children. 25 papers were included in this review. There are ranges of symptoms of neurodevelopmental impairment associated with prenatal exposure of PM2.5, including language, speech, and communication symptoms; motor skills; behaviour and social skills; memory as well as learning/cognitive symptoms. Neurodevelopmental impairments were associated with exposure to PM2.5 across all three trimesters with impairment in communication and behavioural domains predominate in those exposed during the first trimester. Generally, male was more susceptible to having neurodevelopmental impairment symptoms compared to females. More information regarding the effect of prenatal PM2.5 exposure towards neurodevelopmental domains of the children will support public health policies that reduce air pollution and improve children’s health.
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Blomkvist, Eli Anne Myrvoll, Elisabet Rudjord Hillesund, Sissel Heidi Helland, Indra Simhan, and Nina Cecilie Øverby. "Diet and Neurodevelopmental Score in a Sample of One-Year-Old Children—A Cross-Sectional Study." Nutrients 11, no. 7 (July 21, 2019): 1676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11071676.

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Environmental factors in the first years of life are crucial for a child’s neurodevelopment. Research on the association between breastfeeding and neurodevelopment is inconclusive, while research on the possible association between other dietary factors and neurodevelopment is inadequate in children as young as one year of age. The aim of the present study was to investigate associations between both breastfeeding and other dietary factors and the neurodevelopment of one-year-old children in Norway. Methods: Participants were recruited from kindergartens in four Norwegian counties in 2017. A questionnaire including questions about dietary factors and breastfeeding, and a standardised age-related questionnaire on neurodevelopment (the Ages and Stages Questionnaire), were completed by parents of one-year-olds. Linear regressions adjusting for relevant covariates were conducted to explore the associations. Results: In our sample of 212 one-year-old children, a longer duration of breastfeeding was associated with higher neurodevelopmental scores. Dietary intake of fish, fruits and vegetables was also strongly associated with higher neurodevelopmental scores, even after adjustment for breastfeeding and maternal education. Conclusion: Our results indicate that healthy dietary factors are important for neurodevelopment in young children, with measurable effects already at the age of one year.
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Malin, Ashley J., Stefanie A. Busgang, Alejandra J. Cantoral, Katherine Svensson, Manuela A. Orjuela, Ivan Pantic, Lourdes Schnaas, et al. "Quality of Prenatal and Childhood Diet Predicts Neurodevelopmental Outcomes among Children in Mexico City." Nutrients 10, no. 8 (August 15, 2018): 1093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10081093.

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Adequate nutrition is important for neurodevelopment. Although nutrients are ingested in combination, the impact of specific nutrients within the context of a nutrient mixture has not been studied with respect to health, such as neurodevelopment. Therefore, we examined the impact of prenatal and childhood nutrient mixtures on neurodevelopmental outcomes. Participants included mother–child pairs in the Programming Research in Obesity, Growth, Environment, and Social Stress (PROGRESS) prospective birth cohort in Mexico City. We assessed prenatal and child micro- and macronutrient profiles among 65 and 329 children, respectively, via food frequency questionnaires. Neurodevelopmental outcomes of 4–6-year-old children were measured using the McCarthy Scales of Children’s Abilities (MSCA). We conducted weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression analyses to calculate indices reflecting “good” and “poor” prenatal and childhood nutrition. After adjusting for maternal education, socioeconomic status, the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) score, and total caloric intake, the good prenatal and childhood nutrition indices predicted more favorable neurodevelopment, while both poor nutrition indices predicted poorer neurodevelopment. These associations were stronger in prenatal than childhood models. Monounsaturated fats predicted various neurodevelopmental abilities relatively strongly in both models. Prenatal and childhood consumption of combinations of beneficial nutrients may contribute to more favorable neurodevelopment.
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Given, Joanne, Rebecca L. Bromley, Florence Coste, Sandra Lopez-Leon, and Maria Loane. "An inventory of European data sources to support pharmacoepidemiologic research on neurodevelopmental outcomes in children following medication exposure in pregnancy: A contribution from the ConcePTION project." PLOS ONE 17, no. 10 (October 14, 2022): e0275979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275979.

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Background Studies on medication safety in pregnancy are increasingly focusing on child neurodevelopmental outcomes. Establishing neurodevelopmental safety is complex due to the range of neurodevelopmental outcomes and the length of follow-up needed for accurate assessment. The aim of this study was to provide an inventory of European data sources for use in pharmacoepidemiologic studies investigating neurodevelopment following maternal medication exposure. Method The EUROmediSAFE inventory of data sources in Europe for evaluating perinatal and long-term childhood risks associated with in-utero exposure to medication was updated by contacting colleagues across 31 European countries, literature review and internet searches. Included data sources must record at least one neurodevelopmental outcome and maternal medication use in pregnancy must be available, either in the data source itself or through linkage with another data source. Information on the domain of neurodevelopment, measure/scale used and the approach to measurement were recorded for each data source. Results Ninety data sources were identified across 14 countries. The majority (63.3%) were created for health surveillance and research with the remaining serving administrative purposes (21.1% healthcare databases,15.6% other administrative databases). Five domains of neurodevelopment were identified—infant development (36 data sources,13 countries), child behaviour (27 data sources, 10 countries), cognition (29 data sources, 12 countries), educational achievement (20 data sources, 7 countries), and diagnostic codes for neurodevelopmental disorders (42 data sources, 11 countries). Thirty-nine data sources, in 12 countries, had information on more than one domain of neurodevelopment. Conclusion This inventory is invaluable to future studies planning to investigate the neurodevelopmental impact of medication exposures during pregnancy. Caution must be used when combining varied approaches to neurodevelopment outcome measurement, the age of children in the data source, and the sensitivity and specificity of the outcome measure selected should be borne in mind.
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Miller, Thomas A., Anjali Sadhwani, Jacqueline Sanz, Erica Sood, Dawn Ilardi, Jane W. Newburger, Caren S. Goldberg, David Wypij, J. William Gaynor, and Bradley S. Marino. "Variations in practice in cardiac neurodevelopmental follow-up programs." Cardiology in the Young 30, no. 11 (October 23, 2020): 1603–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951120003522.

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AbstractOver the last two decades, heart centres have developed strategies to meet the neurodevelopmental needs of children with congenital heart disease. Since the publication of guidelines in 2012, cardiac neurodevelopmental follow-up programmes have become more widespread. Local neurodevelopmental programmes, however, have been developed independently in widely varying environments. We sought to characterise variation in structure and personnel in cardiac neurodevelopmental programmes. A 31-item survey was sent to all member institutions of the Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative. Multidisciplinary teams at each centre completed the survey. Responses were compiled in a descriptive fashion. Of the 29 invited centres, 23 responded to the survey (79%). Centres reported more anticipated neurodevelopment visits between birth and 5 years of age (median 5, range 2–8) than 5–18 years (median 2, range 0–10) with 53% of centres lacking any standard for routine neurodevelopment evaluations after 5 years of age. Estimated annual neurodevelopment clinic volume ranged from 85 to 428 visits with a median of 16% of visits involving children >5 years of age. Among responding centres, the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development and Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence were the most routinely used tests. Neonatal clinical assessment was more common (64%) than routine neonatal brain imaging (23%) during hospitalisation. In response to clinical need and published guidelines, centres have established formal cardiac neurodevelopment follow-up programmes. Centres vary considerably in their approaches to routine screening and objective testing, with many centres currently focussing their resources on evaluating younger patients.
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Favilla, Emmanuelle, Jennifer A. Faerber, Lyla E. Hampton, Vicky Tam, Grace DeCost, Chitra Ravishankar, J. William Gaynor, Alisa Burnham, Daniel J. Licht, and Laura Mercer-Rosa. "Early Evaluation and the Effect of Socioeconomic Factors on Neurodevelopment in Infants with Tetralogy of Fallot." Pediatric Cardiology 42, no. 3 (February 3, 2021): 643–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00246-020-02525-6.

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AbstractNeurodevelopmental sequelae are prevalent among patients with congenital heart defects (CHD). In a study of infants and children with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), we sought to identify those at risk for abnormal neurodevelopment and to test associations between socioeconomic and medical factors with neurodevelopment deficits. Single-center retrospective observational study of patients with repaired TOF that were evaluated at the institution’s Cardiac Kids Developmental Follow-up Program (CKDP) between 2012 and 2018. Main outcomes included neurodevelopmental test scores from the Bayley Infant Neurodevelopmental Screener (BINS), Peabody Developmental Motor Scale (PDMS), and Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III). Mixed effects linear regression and marginal logistic regression models tested relationships between patient characteristics and outcomes. Sub-analyses were conducted to test correlations between initial and later neurodevelopment tests. In total, 49 patients were included, predominantly male (n = 33) and white (n = 28), first evaluated at a median age of 4.5 months. Forty-three percent of patients (n = 16) had deficits in the BINS, the earliest screening test. Several socioeconomic parameters and measures of disease complexity were associated with neurodevelopment, independently of genetic syndrome. Early BINS and PDMS performed in infancy were associated with Bayley-III scores performed after 1 year of age. Early screening identifies TOF patients at risk for abnormal neurodevelopment. Socioeconomic factors and disease complexity are associated with abnormal neurodevelopment and should be taken into account in the risk stratification and follow-up of these patients. Early evaluation with BINS and PDMS is suggested for detection of early deficits.
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Chebet, Martin, Milton W. Musaba, David Mukunya, Brian Makoko, Agnes Napyo, Ritah Nantale, Proscovia Auma, et al. "High Burden of Neurodevelopmental Delay among Children Born to Women with Obstructed Labour in Eastern Uganda: A Cohort Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 4 (February 16, 2023): 3470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043470.

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Over 250 million infants in low and middle-income countries do not fulfill their neurodevelopment potential. In this study, we assessed the incidence and risk factors for neurodevelopmental delay (NDD) among children born following obstructed labor in Eastern Uganda. Between October 2021 and April 2022, we conducted a cohort study of 155 children (aged 25 to 44 months), born at term and assessed their neurodevelopment using the Malawi Developmental Assessment Tool. We assessed the gross motor, fine motor, language and social domains of neurodevelopment. The incidence of neurodevelopmental delay by 25 to 44 months was 67.7% (105/155) (95% CI: 59.8–75.0). Children belonging to the poorest wealth quintile had 83% higher risk of NDD compared to children belonging to the richest quintile (ARR (Adjusted Risk Ratio): 1.83; 95% CI (Confidence Interval): [1.13, 2.94]). Children fed the recommended meal diversity had 25% lower risk of neurodevelopmental delay compared to children who did not (ARR: 0.75; 95% CI: [0.60, 0.94]). Children who were exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months had 27% lower risk of neurodevelopmental delay compared to children who were not (ARR: 0.73; 95% CI: [0.56, 0.96]). We recommend that infants born following obstructed labor undergo neurodevelopmental delay screening.
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Lovey, Oriane, Myriam Bickle-Graz, Mathilde Morisod Harari, Antje Horsch, and Juliane Schneider. "The Joint Observation in Neonatology and Neurodevelopmental Outcome of Preterm Infants at Six Months Corrected Age: Secondary Outcome Data from a Randomised Controlled Trial." Children 9, no. 9 (September 13, 2022): 1380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9091380.

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This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a standardised joint observation (JOIN) performed in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) on the neurodevelopment of preterm infants at six months corrected age (CA) compared with a preterm control group. In this monocentric interventional randomised controlled trial, we allocated 76 mothers and their preterm neonates to either JOIN, an early one-session intervention, or standard care during the NICU hospitalisation. The neurodevelopment of the preterm infants was assessed by standardised developmental tests at six months CA and compared between the intervention and the control groups. This randomised controlled trial was registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02736136) in April 2016. Sixty-five infants underwent neurodevelopmental assessment at six months CA. There were no significant differences between the two groups in neurodevelopmental outcome measures. The JOIN intervention was not associated with significant improvement in neurodevelopment at six months CA in preterm infants.
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Derbyshire, Emma, and Michael Maes. "The Role of Choline in Neurodevelopmental Disorders—A Narrative Review Focusing on ASC, ADHD and Dyslexia." Nutrients 15, no. 13 (June 25, 2023): 2876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15132876.

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Neurodevelopmental disorders appear to be rising in prevalence, according to the recent Global Burden of Disease Study. This rise is likely to be multi-factorial, but the role of certain nutrients known to facilitate neurodevelopment should be considered. One possible contributing factor could be attributed to deficits in choline intake, particularly during key stages of neurodevelopment, which includes the first 1000 days of life and childhood. Choline, a key micronutrient, is crucial for optimal neurodevelopment and brain functioning of offspring. The present narrative review discusses the main research, describing the effect of choline in neurodevelopmental disorders, to better understand its role in the etiology and management of these disorders. In terms of findings, low choline intakes and reduced or altered choline status have been reported in relevant population subgroups: pregnancy (in utero), children with autism spectrum disorders, people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and those with dyslexia. In conclusion, an optimal choline provision may offer some neuronal protection in early life and help to mitigate some cognitive effects in later life attributed to neurodevelopmental conditions. Research indicates that choline may act as a modifiable risk factor for certain neurodevelopmental conditions. Ongoing research is needed to unravel the mechanisms and explanations.
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Turan, Soeren, Tom Boerstler, Atria Kavyanifar, Sandra Loskarn, André Reis, Beate Winner, and Dieter Chichung Lie. "A novel human stem cell model for Coffin–Siris syndrome-like syndrome reveals the importance of SOX11 dosage for neuronal differentiation and survival." Human Molecular Genetics 28, no. 15 (April 29, 2019): 2589–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddz089.

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AbstractThe SOXC transcription factors Sox4, Sox11 and Sox12, are critical neurodevelopmental regulators that are thought to function in a highly redundant fashion. Surprisingly, heterozygous missense mutations or deletions of SOX11 were recently detected in patients with Coffin–Siris syndrome-like syndrome (CSSLS), a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with intellectual disability, demonstrating that in humans SOX11 haploinsufficiency cannot be compensated and raising the question of the function of SOX11 in human neurodevelopment. Here, we describe the generation of SOX11+/− heterozygous human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines by CRISPR/Cas9 genome engineering. SOX11 haploinsufficiency impaired the generation of neurons and resulted in a proliferation/differentiation imbalance of neural precursor cells and enhanced neuronal cell death. Using the SOX11+/− hESC model we provide for the first time experimental evidence that SOX11 haploinsufficiency is sufficient to impair key processes of human neurodevelopment, giving a first insight into the pathophysiology of CSSLS and SOX11 function in human neurodevelopment.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Neurodevelopment"

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Dickinson, Amanda J. G. "Early molluscan neurodevelopment." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq24834.pdf.

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Lynex, Clare Nadine. "Genetic studies of neurodevelopment." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410764.

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Pilecka, Izabela. "Nutrition, neurodevelopment and mental health." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2016. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/nutrition-neurodevelopment-and-mental-health(aef2ac73-1610-41bf-9941-5e7bd44f3666).html.

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There is increasing awareness for the potential effects of nutrition on mental health. Specifically, researchers are interested in the benefits of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) and vitamin D on brain development and psychological well-being. The main objective of this thesis is to examine evidence for the relationship between nutritional intake, neurodevelopment, psychotic and depressive symptoms. This thesis consists of a series of studies designed to test several hypotheses. A review and meta-analysis tested the hypothesis that maternal fish oil intake/omega 3 supplementation during pregnancy is associated with better cognitive performance in offspring. Next, we used data from the Swedish Women's Lifestyle and Health Study, to test the hypothesis that low UV exposure is associated with more positive psychotic symptoms and with more severe depressive symptoms. For the purpose of this study we use UV exposure data as a primary index for vitamin D. Firstly, the results of meta-analysis showed that for the measure of overall cognitive ability the standardised difference in means (SMD) was estimated to 0.10 (95% CI, -0.01 to 0.20; p=0.07) and for memory functions the SMD was 0.21 (95% CI, 0.01 to 0.41; p=0.04). The observational studies showed better overall cognitive ability with pooled OR of 1.92 (95% CI, 1.61 to 2.30; p<0.001) and for the domain of language and verbal skills the OR was 1.93 (95% CI, 1.37 to 2.73; p<0.001) among children of mothers consuming 2 to 3 fish servings per week during pregnancy. Maternal intake of fish oil during pregnancy is associated with improved cognitive abilities in the offspring. Secondly, the association between sun exposure and psychotic experiences was evaluated by quantile regression models. 34 279 women were included in the analysis. Women who reported no sunbathing holidays and two or more weeks of sunbathing holidays scored higher on the Community Assessment of Psychic Experience (CAPE) scale than women exposed to one week of sunbathing holidays across the entire distribution, when adjusting for age and education. Similarly, compared with women who reported a history of a single sunburn, the women with none or two or more sunburns showed higher scores on the CAPE scale with more women in the right part of the distribution. Thirdly, women who reported a history of two or more sunburns showed positive association with depressive symptoms, compared to history of a single sunburn, when adjusting for age and education. The findings suggest that in a population based cohort of middle aged women, both low and high sun exposure is associated with increased level of positive psychotic experiences and high sun exposure is associated with an occurrence of depressive symptoms.
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Sun, Simon. "Planar Cell Polarity and Neurodevelopment." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3414.

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Planar cell polarity (PCP) is a developmental signaling mechanism that establishes a polarity within the plane of an epithelium. PCP has been shown to play a role in guiding numerous neurodevelopmental processes such as convergent extension, neuron migration, and axon pathfinding. Certain commissural neurons in the dorsal spinal cord make a series of guidance decisions en route to the brain: first, a ventral projection along the D-V axis, followed by a midline crossing, and after exiting the floorplate, a dorso-anterior turn along the A-P axis. Here, we provide in vivo evidence that the axons of the Commissural Primary Ascending (CoPAs) neurons in zebrafish require the PCP genes fzd3a, vangl2, and scribble for rostral pathfinding both before and after crossing the midline. Dorsoventral guidance of CoPA axons is unaltered in fzd3a, vangl2, and scribble mutants, suggesting that the PCP signaling pathway only controls A-P guidance of CoPAs. Our results have provided evidence for two potential non- mutually exclusive models: (i) A-P axon guidance is achieved by cell-autonomous Wnt-Frizzled signaling or that (ii) A-P axon guidance is achieved by non-cell-autonomous PCP signaling in the neuroepithelial environment. The single-cell nature of the CoPA axon system allows for simple genetic manipulation and visualization, which will potentially elucidate the validity of either model. Scribble (Scrib), a member of the LAP family, plays a critical role in establishing and regulating cell polarization in epithelia and during cell migration. In zebrafish, Scrib mutants have defects in convergent extension (CE) cell movements and facial branchiomotor neuron (FBMN) migration. Despite our understanding of Scrib’s genetic role in neurodevelopment, little is known about the subcellular localization of endogenous Scrib in vivo during CE and FBMN migration. We have generated a monoclonal antibody against the C-terminus of zebrafish Scrib and have shown that this antibody is specific against endogenous Scrib in both western blot and immunocytochemical applications. Confocal microscopy of Scrib immunocytochemistry shows that at various developmental stages, Scrib distinctly localizes to basolateral membranes of non polarized epithelium, to the membrane in mesodermal cells undergoing CE, and to the membrane of migrating FBMNs. Furthermore, the distribution of Scrib puncta along membranes of FBMN- FBMN contact is significantly altered in the PCP mutant pk1b. Further application of our newly generated Scrib antibody will potentially lead to new insight on Scrib’s role in neurodevelopment.
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López, Vicente Mònica 1988. "Physical activity and neurodevelopment in children." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/585877.

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This thesis aims to study the determinants and trajectories of cognitive development, as well as the role of physical activity on cognitive and brain development in children aged 4 to 14 years old. We used data from two Spanish cohorts (INMA and BREATHE) and one Dutch cohort (Generation R). Teachers reported Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms of the participants through questionnaires. Cognitive development, specifically of attention and working memory, was tested by using computerized-based tasks. Growth trajectories were constructed based on four repeated cognitive measurements during a 1-year period in 7- to 11-year-old children. Physical activity was reported by parents through questionnaires. Magnetic Resonance Imaging data was collected in Generation R when children were 6-to-10 years old. Age, gender and ADHD symptoms were identified as important determinants of cognitive development. The use of cognitive growth trajectories in epidemiological research was supported. Physical activity during childhood was positively associated with brain maturation and promoted cognitive development.
Aquesta tesi pretén estudiar els determinants i les trajectòries del desenvolupament cognitiu, així com el paper de l’activitat física en el desenvolupament cognitiu i cerebral en nens entre 4 i 14 anys. Vam utilitzar dades de dues cohorts espanyoles (INMA i BREATHE) i una cohort holandesa (Generation R). Els mestres van avaluar els símptomes de Trastorn per Dèficit d’Atenció i Hiperactivitat (TDAH) dels participants a través de qüestionaris. El desenvolupament cognitiu, en concret d’atenció i memòria de treball, es va avaluar amb tasques computeritzades. Les trajectòries de creixement es van generar a partir de quatre mesures cognitives repetides durant un període d’un any en nens de 7 a 11 anys. L’activitat física va ser informada pels pares a través de qüestionaris. Es van recollir dades de ressonància magnètica a Generation R quan els nens tenien de 6 a 10 anys. L’edat, el sexe i els símptomes de TDAH es van identificar com a determinants importants del desenvolupament cognitiu. L’ús de les trajectòries de creixement cognitiu en recerca epidemiològica va ser recolzat. L’activitat física durant la infantesa es va associar positivament amb la maduració del cervell i va promoure el desenvolupament cognitiu.
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Brandt, Brittany Lee. "Household environmental toxins and neurodevelopment in children." Montana State University, 2012. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2012/brandt/BrandtB0512.pdf.

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Neurodevelopmental disorders diagnosed in children, such as ADHD, autism, Tourette's syndrome, learning disabilities, dyslexia, mental retardation, and cerebral palsy, are thought to arise from complex interactions between genetic, social and environmental factors. The increasing prevalence of some of these disorders in children over the past thirty years has precipitated more research into preventable environmental causes. Environmental toxins, such as heavy metals and synthetic chemicals, are among the targets of investigation by researchers. This literature review examines what is known from current research about neurodevelopment and exposure to the following household environmental toxins: PBDEs, pesticides, mercury, lead, and bisphenol A. Variables reviewed include source, neurological effects, and ways to reduce exposure to each toxin. Relevant articles were retrieved through keyword search of Medline database. Online government databases were also utilized. Results of the literature review indicate adverse neurological effects of developmental exposure to PBDEs, pesticides, mercury, lead and bisphenol A are similar to diagnostic features of some neurodevelopmental disorders. Adverse effects associated with exposures include: hyperactivity, aggression, decreased IQ, and impairments in attention, memory, fine and gross motor skills, social behavior, and communication. Nurses are often the first and sometimes the only health care provider working with children and families. As such, they are in an ideal position to address possibly harmful environmental exposures. Including screening for toxic exposures and addressing prevention is recommended during all primary care visits with children and is increasingly considered an expected practice by leading health care institutions.
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Beaubien, Francois. "Role of Slitrk family members in neurodevelopment." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=110496.

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The development of the nervous system is an extremely complex process where gene expression is tightly regulated, both spatially and temporally. Any gene disruption during neurodevelopment, from the complete non-transcription of the gene to a single nucleotide mutation, has the potential to lead to severe consequences in the organism. This situation is particularly well illustrated by the whole spectrum of neurological disorders affecting humans. Thanks to basic research at the gene and protein levels, some genetic causes for certain mental illness have been identified. This thesis focuses on a novel family of proteins termed the Slitrks. Initial characterization of the Slitrk family genes revealed that their expression is enriched in the central nervous system. Herein, I have performed a detailed analysis of the patterns of expression of the six members of the family in the mouse nervous system. I demonstrate that, despite some overlapping expression, several key brain regions express different combinations of Slitrks suggesting that the different family members may have distinct functions during nervous system development. I further demonstrate that members of the Slitrk family can regulate synapse formation in hippocampal neurons. More precisely, Slitrk1 is required for the formation of both excitatory and inhibitory synapses. Taken together, the results presented in my thesis indicate that Slitrks play an important role in the developing nervous system.
Le développement du système nerveux est un processus extrêmement complexe pendant lequel l'expression des gènes est contrôlée de façon précise temporellement et localement. Durant le neurodéveloppement, chaque dérégulation génétique, de l'arrêt complet de la transcription d'un gène jusqu'à la mutation d'un seul nucléotide, a le potentiel de mener à de graves conséquences pour l'organisme. Cette situation est particulièrement bien illustrée par l'ensemble des troubles neurologiques qui affectent l'humain.Cette thèse se concentre sur une nouvelle famille de protéines nommées Slitrks. La description préliminaire de cette famille a révélé que leur expression est enrichie dans le système nerveux central. Par conséquent, j'ai réalisé une analyse détaillée du patron d'expression des six membres de la famille dans le système nerveux de la souris. J'ai ainsi pu démontrer que malgré certains chevauchements d'expression, plusieurs régions du cerveau expriment différentes combinaisons de Slitrks. Cela laisse présager que certains membres de la famille Slitrks peuvent avoir des fonctions distinctes durant la formation du système nerveux. Au cours de mes travaux, j'ai aussi pu démontrer que les Slitrks peuvent réguler la formation des synapses dans les neurones de l'hippocampe. Plus précisément, Slitrk1 est requis à la fois pour la formation des synapses excitatrices et inhibitrices. Dans l'ensemble, les résultats présentés dans cette thèse indiquent que les Slitrks jouent un rôle important dans le développement du système nerveux.
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Baltussen, Lucas L. "Novel CDKL5 substrates and functions in neurodevelopment." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10052904/.

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Cyclin-Dependent Kinase-Like 5 (CDKL5) is a serine/threonine protein kinase important for neuronal development. Mutations in the CDKL5 gene are responsible for CDKL5 deficiency disorder, a rare neurodevelopmental disorder displaying a heterogeneous range of clinical phenotypes. CDKL5 is enriched in the brain during early postnatal development, and is known to be involved in the development of dendritic spines and synapses. However, direct downstream effectors of CDKL5 and its molecular mechanisms of action remain unknown. We have generated analogue-specific CDKL5 by mutating the gatekeeper residue in the ATP-binding pocket, and introduced a second-site mutation to rescue kinase activity. Based on the utilization of bulky ATP analogues by analogue-specific CDKL5, we used an unbiased chemical genetic screen to identify CDKL5 substrates and phosphorylation sites in mouse brain. In vitro validation of ARHGEF2, EB2 and two sites in MAP1S revealed RPxS as a common CDKL5 phosphorylation motif. We show that EB2 and MAP1S phosphorylation is strongly reduced in brains of Cdkl5 KO mice. In neurons derived from CDKL5 patient iPSCs, we observe similar reductions indicating that regulation of these phosphorylation sites is conserved in humans. By using CDKL5 substrate phosphorylation as a read-out, we have been able to show that CDKL5 activity is regulated during brain development and affected by neuronal activity. These novel CDKL5 substrates share microtubule binding properties, but only phosphorylation of MAP1S by CDKL5 is directly regulating its microtubule binding affinity. Attempts to identify a molecular function of EB2 phosphorylation did not lead to satisfying results. Both MAP1S and EB2 are known to be involved in microtubule dynamic instability, the process of constant growth and collapse of microtubule plus-ends. We show that primary cortical cultures of Cdkl5 KO mice have altered microtubule plus-end dynamics visualised by sparser, but longer EB3 comets. Knockdown of MAP1S, but not EB2, partially rescued this phenotype in Cdkl5 KO neurons, indicating a downstream function of MAP1S in the regulation of microtubule dynamics.
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Czerminski, Jan T. "Modeling Down Syndrome Neurodevelopment with Dosage Compensation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2019. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/1037.

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Due to their underlying genetic complexity, chromosomal disorders such as Down syndrome (DS), which is caused by trisomy 21, have long been understudied and continue to lack effective treatments. With over 200 genes on the extra chromosome, even the specific cell pathologies and pathways impacted in DS are not known, and it has not been considered a viable target for the burgeoning field of gene therapy. Recently, our lab demonstrated that the natural mechanism of dosage compensation can be harnessed to silence the trisomic chromosome in pluripotent cells. Using an inducible XIST transgene allows us to study the effects of trisomy in a tightly controlled system by comparing the same cells with either two or three active copies of chromosome 21. In addition, it raises the prospect that insertion of a single gene into a trisomic chromosome could potentially be developed in the future for “chromosome therapy”. This thesis aims to utilize this inducible system for dosage compensation to study the neurodevelopmental effects of trisomy 21 in vitro, and to answer basic epigenetic questions critical to the viability of chromosome silencing as a therapeutic approach. Foremost, for XIST to have any prospect as a therapeutic, and to strengthen its experimental utility, it must be able to initiate chromosome silencing beyond its natural context of pluripotency. Here I demonstrate that, contrary to the current literature, XIST is capable of initiating chromosome silencing in differentiated cells and producing fully dosage compensated DS neurons. Additionally, I show that silencing of the trisomic chromosome in neural stem cells enhances their terminal differentiation to neurons, and transcriptome analysis provides evidence of a specific pathway involved. Separate experiments utilize novel three-dimensional organoid technology and transcriptome analysis to model DS neurodevelopment in relation to isogenic euploid cells. Overall, this work demonstrates that dosage compensation provides a powerful experimental tool to examine early DS neurodevelopment, and establishes that XIST function does not require pluripotency, thereby overcoming a perceived obstacle to the potential of XIST as a therapeutic strategy for trisomy.
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Bothma, Jó-Marié van der Merwe. "A neurodevelopmental movement programme for 4-8 year old hearing impaired children in the rural QwaQwa region of South Africa / Jó-Marié van der Merwe Bothma." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9721.

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Being hearing impaired does not only affect a child’s academic performance, but can also influence a child’s overall development and ability to succeed academically. Evidence suggests that the outlay in early childhood has a large impact on a child’s readiness to learn. Neurodevelopmental movement programmes are generally not accepted as evidenced-based practice and their effect on academic performance is often underrated. Movement, however, is regarded by many as essential to learning and there seems to be a positive interchange between the brain and the body. This study reports on the influence of a neurodevelopmental movement programme on the development, behaviour and performance on a neurodevelopmental evaluation scale of four to eight year-old children with hearing impairment children. The study furthermore provides a report of the results of the psychometric assessment in the form of a neurodevelopmental profile for this specific sample. Children were selected from a special needs school in the rural QwaQwa Free State area of South Africa. Two groups of children (an experimental and comparison group) were used in this study, with both groups undergoing a pretest and posttest phase using three test batteries (Griffiths Mental Developmental Scales- Extended Revised, Child Behaviour Checklist, and a neurodevelopmental evaluation scale). The experimental group was subjected to a fourteen-week neurodevelopmental movement programme. The comparison group underwent a placebo intervention. The results indicate that the children in the experimental group showed an improvement in some aspects of specific development following the intervention (locomotor functioning, performance related abilities, and practical reasoning skills). General developmental age showed significant improvement in both the experimental group and the comparison group. No behavioural aspects showed significant improvements following the intervention, whereas some neurodevelopmental aspects, such as the vestibular system (Tandem Walk and One Leg Stand) and the reflex system (TLR – reflex) showed significant improvements. The results of this empirical investigation aid in understanding the impact of movement programmes on a child with hearing disability’s general development and neurodevelopmental development.
Thesis (PhD (Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
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Books on the topic "Neurodevelopment"

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1953-, Keshavan Matcheri S., and Murray, Robin, MD, M Phil, MRCP, MRC Psych., eds. Neurodevelopment & adult psychopathology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

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Keshavan, Matcheri S., James L. Kennedy, and Murray Robin. Neurodevelopment and schizophrenia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

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Antonelli, Marta C., ed. Perinatal Programming of Neurodevelopment. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1372-5.

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Kostović, Ivica, Stevo Knežević, Henryk M. Wisniewski, and George J. Spilich, eds. Neurodevelopment, Aging and Cognition. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6805-2.

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1943-, Kostović Ivica, ed. Neurodevelopment, aging, and cognition. Boston: Birkhäuser, 1992.

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Koibuchi, Noriyuki, and Paul M. Yen, eds. Thyroid Hormone Disruption and Neurodevelopment. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3737-0.

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Zimmerman, Andrew W., and Susan L. Connors, eds. Maternal Influences on Fetal Neurodevelopment. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-921-5.

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Weyn-Vanhentenryck, Sabastien Matthieu. Regulation of splicing networks in neurodevelopment. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2018.

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Ulrich, Henning, Peter Illes, and Talita Glaser, eds. Purinergic Signaling in Neurodevelopment, Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26945-5.

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Christen, Yves, Alain Israël, Bart De Strooper, and Frédéric Checler, eds. Notch from Neurodevelopment to Neurodegeneration: Keeping the Fate. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55996-9.

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Book chapters on the topic "Neurodevelopment"

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Suskind, David L., and Polly Lenssen. "Neurodevelopment." In Pediatric Nutrition Handbook, 127–29. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118785034.ch11.

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Fradejas-Villar, Noelia, and Ulrich Schweizer. "Selenium and Neurodevelopment." In Molecular and Integrative Toxicology, 177–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95390-8_9.

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Velthuis, Hester, and Grainne McAlonan. "Neurodevelopment During Adolescence." In In Clinical Practice, 21–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98808-1_2.

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Riccio, Cynthia A., Morgan B. Drake, and Jeremy R. Sullivan. "Neurotoxins and Neurodevelopment." In Pediatric Neurotoxicology, 1–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32358-9_1.

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Rastogi, Tanmay, Shampa Ghosh, Jasmine Sarkar, and Jitendra Kumar Sinha. "Sex Differences: Neurodevelopment." In Encyclopedia of Sexual Psychology and Behavior, 1–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08956-5_174-1.

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Zilles, Karl, and Nicola Palomero-Gallagher. "Neurodevelopment." In New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry, edited by John R. Geddes, Nancy C. Andreasen, and Guy M. Goodwin, 91–100. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713005.003.0011.

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The pre- and post-natal development of the human nervous system is briefly described, with special emphasis on the brain, particularly the cerebral and cerebellar cortices. The central nervous system originates from a specialized region of the ectoderm—the neural plate—which develops into the neural tube. The rostral part of the neural tube forms the adult brain, whereas the caudal part (behind the fifth somite) differentiates into the spinal cord. The embryonic brain has three vesicular enlargements: the forebrain, the midbrain, and the hindbrain. The histogenesis of the spinal cord, hindbrain, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex, including myelination, is discussed. The chapter closes with a description of the development of the hemispheric shape and the formation of gyri.
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Zilles, Karl. "Neurodevelopment." In New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry, 156–60. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199696758.003.0019.

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This chapter discusses neural induction, organogenesis of the central nervous system, histogenesis of the spinal cord, histogenesis of the brainstem and cerebellum, histogenesis of the cerebral cortex, hemispheric shape and the formation of gyri, and genetic factors during development.
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Emmanuel, Crisma Jazmin, T. Michael O’Shea, and Hudson P. Santos. "Neurodevelopment outcomes." In Environmental Epigenetics in Toxicology and Public Health, 125–69. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-819968-8.00006-8.

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Rose, Klaus. "Neurodevelopment disorders." In Intellectually Impaired People, 73–93. Elsevier, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-443-18813-8.00013-x.

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Mahmoud Saleh, Marwa, and Aya Adel. "Autism: A Neurodevelopmental Disorder and a Stratum for Comorbidities." In Neurodevelopment and Neurodevelopmental Disease [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.82496.

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Conference papers on the topic "Neurodevelopment"

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Radel Neto, Guilherme Requião, Nicole Faustino Nasser de Mello, Gabriele Paiva da Silva, Tayná Arias Rolim, and Marina de Souza Pimenta. "The impact of caregiver interaction with preschool children exposed inappropriately to screens on neurolinguistic development: a literature review." In XIV Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.141s1.382.

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Introduction: The first four years of life are critical for neurodevelopment. The overuse of technology in these first years can impact social and linguistic skills. Objective: This review investigates the role of social interaction and caregiver engagement in the neurodevelopment of babies and preschoolers with premature or excessive screen exposure. Methods: Searches on digital databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, and LILACS) were performed using the keywords “child”, “preschool”, “neurodevelopment”, “child development”, “screen time”, “child behavior”, “social interaction”, “caregivers” and “parents”. Studies were selected using PICO (population, intervention, control, and outcomes) criteria. After a double-blind screening of the 31 articles found, 6 studies were included. Results: Up to 23,168 children aged four years or younger were examined in the articles analyzed. All studies showed worse language development with an exposure higher than one hour per day, some of them showing a dose-response relationship between longer screen time and outcome severity. Two studies emphasized that prematurely exposing children to screens before the age of two has a harmful effect. Three studies demonstrated positive results regarding caregiver co-viewing and orientation during the activity. The nature of the media, parents’ perception, and exposure during family meals were ranked as possible factors that can influence language acquisition. Conclusion: This review highlights the importance of caregiver engagement in promoting neurolinguistic development in babies and preschoolers. Screen exposure can harm language skills, but conscious consumption with guidance may mitigate these effects. Exposure before the age of 2 and excessive use (exceeding 1 hour per day) between ages 2–4 can cause the most harm. Therefore, caregiver supervision and interaction play a crucial role in fostering optimal neurodevelopment in this population.
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Erberich, Stephan G., Jon F. Nielsen, Stefan Bluml, Philippe Friedlich, Istvan Seri, and Marvin D. Nelson. "Neurodevelopment assessment of newborns with combined fMRI and DTI." In Medical Imaging 2004, edited by Amir A. Amini and Armando Manduca. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.536236.

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Sanders, Phil, Waseem Abbas, Anna Esteve-Codina, Gustavo Rodriguez-Esteban, Georgina Bombau, Mireia Galofré, Andrea Honrubia, Holger Heyn, Petia Radeva, and Josep M. Canals. "B01 In vitro study of neurodevelopment in huntington’s disease." In EHDN Abstracts 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2021-ehdn.21.

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Thungtong, Anurak, Mark S. Scher, and Kenneth A. Loparo. "Neurodevelopment in newborns as quantified by synchronization in the Electroencephalogram." In 2016 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (CIBCB). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cibcb.2016.7758121.

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Kurjak, Asim. "THE NORMAL AND ABNORMAL FETAL NEURODEVELOPMENT / ASSESSED BY NEW TEST – KANET." In Međunarodni naučni simpozij FETALNA MEDICINA: OD LEONARDA DA VINCIJA DO DANAS. Akademija nauka i umjetnosti Bosne i Hercegovine, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5644/pi2015-159.02.

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Gonçalves, Arthur Carvalhal, and Jéssica de Moutta Gomes. "The impact of nutriology on human neurodevelopment: an integrative literature review." In SBN Conference 2022. Thieme Revinter Publicações Ltda., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1774450.

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Hu, Mengjiao, Haihong Zhang, and Kai Keng Ang. "Brain Criticality EEG analysis for tracking neurodevelopment from Childhood to Adolescence." In 2023 45th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340775.

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Bulgarelli, Chiara, Anna Blasi, Luca Pollonini, Sarah Lloyd-Fox, Laura Pirazzoli, Katherine L. Perdue, Charles A. Nelson, and Clare E. Elwell. "Standardising an infant fNIRS analysis pipeline to investigate neurodevelopment in global health." In Optics and the Brain. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/brain.2020.bm2c.2.

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Khandoker, Ahsan H., Thuraia Al Khoori, Takuya Ito, Rika Sugibayashi, and Yoshitaka Kimura. "Assessment of autonomic neurodevelopment in the mouse fetuses by using fetal electrocardiography." In 2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7591349.

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Kongtip, Pornpimol, Benyachalee Techasaensiri, Noppanun Nankongnab, Jane Adams, Akkarat Phamonphon, Anu Surach, Supha Sangprasert, et al. "P282 Impact of prenatal organophosphate pesticide exposure on infant neurodevelopment in thailand." In Occupational Health: Think Globally, Act Locally, EPICOH 2016, September 4–7, 2016, Barcelona, Spain. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2016-103951.597.

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Reports on the topic "Neurodevelopment"

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Dale, Naomi, Aneesa Khan, and Sophie Dale. Early intervention for vision and neurodevelopment in infants and very young children with visual impairment: a systematicreview. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.8.0080.

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Review question / Objective: Research question - What is the effectiveness of Early Childhood Intervention (ECI) in the first 3 years of life? Population (P) Infants and very young children with diagnosed visual impairment. Intervention (I) ECI programmes that includes vision and developmental stimulation, play, learning and responsive parenting Comparison (C) Standard care or control Outcomes (O) Primary: Vision function or and/or neurodevelopment and/or parent-child interaction outcomes Secondary: Parental context factors eg parental wellbeing and mental health, parental satisfaction with service provision. Condition being studied: Childhood congenital or very early visual impairment arising from congenital disorders of the peripheral or anterior visual system or cerebral-based vision disorders. This includes all vision disorders of the globe, retina and anterior optic nerve and all vision disorders that are considered cerebral based along visual pathways that are retro-chiasmatic and include central brain regions and networks involved in vision processing.
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Yuan, Tao, Wenming Yang, Lei Yang, Xueting Liu, Lie Yang, and Yu Li. Long-term neurodevelopment outcomes of regional versus general anesthesia for infants undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy. A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.6.0064.

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Nelson, III, Coman Charles A., and Nicole. Defining Early Markers of Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Infants With TSC. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada592777.

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Shen, Lijun. Bevacizumab for retinopathy of prematurity in Neurodevelopmental Outcomes: A Bayesian Meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review Protocols, April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.4.0053.

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White, Roberta, Joseph Braun, John Bucher, Leonid Kopylev, Deborah Segal, Christopher Sibrizzi, Alexander Lindahl, and Pamela Hartman. NIEHS Report on Evaluating Features and Application of Neurodevelopmental Tests in Epidemiological Studies. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22427/niehs-01.

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Olsen, Rebecca. Characterization of the role of E6-AP in Angelman Syndrome and Similar Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/cc-20240624-351.

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Basu, Sayani. Minibrains: A New Dimension in Organoid Research. Gratis Research, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47496/gr.blog.06.

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Bonnin, Alexandre, Nick Goeden, Brett Lund, and George Anderson. Altered Placental Tryptophan Metabolism: A Crucial Molecular Pathway for the Fetal Programming of Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada611000.

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Zhao, Jing-yi, Zi-xiang Zhan, Meng-juan Lu, Fang-biao Tao, De Wu, and Hui Gao. A systematic review of epidemiological studies on the association between organophosphate flame retardants and neurotoxicity. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0083.

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Review question / Objective: This study aims to collect published or unpublished related studies systematically and comprehensively, and screen out the articles that meets the quality standards for qualitative combination, so as to draw a relatively reliable comprehensive conclusion on the relationship of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) with neurodevelopmental toxicity. Eligibility criteria: In brief, epidemiological studies including cohort study, case-control study and cross-sectional survey were screened. Studies regarding relationships between human exposure to organophosphate esters and neurotoxicity were possible eligible for the present systematic review. The adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes included development of cognition, behavior, motor, brain change, emotion, etc. Studies that did not meet the above criteria were not included in this systematic review.
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Feng, Xiang, Keshang Li, Quanrui Jiang, Yuxing Zhang, Zhichao Gong, Hui Zhi, Wu Li, and Jiangshan Li. Chinese medicine intervention for autism spectrum disorders:A protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.1.0137.

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Review question / Objective: This study will help patients recover better, provide clinical evidence for practitioners, and promote the use of TCM in ASD interventions. Condition being studied: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social communication and/or social interaction as well as restrictive and/or repetitive behaviors. TCM has been clinically practiced in the intervention of ASD, especially in mainland China where studies have shown promising efficacy. However, it remains to be further explored and elaborated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of conventional treatment-based TCM intervention modalities for ASD.
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