Relevant bibliographies by topics / Neurocognitive function

Academic literature on the topic 'Neurocognitive function'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Neurocognitive function"

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Marquine, Maria, Lily Kamalyan, David Yassai-Gonzalez, Mariana Cherner, Ronald Ellis, Anya Umlauf, Dilip Jeste, and Robert Heaton. "Metabolic Syndrome and Neurocognitive Function among older Hispanics/Latinos with HIV." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 666–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.2514.

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Abstract Neurocognitive impairment is prevalent among persons with HIV (PWH), particularly among Hispanics/Latinos/as/x (henceforth Hispanics). We examined disparities in HIV-associated neurocognitive function between older Hispanic and non-Hispanic White PWH, and the potential role of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in explaining these disparities. Participants included 116 community-dwelling PWH ages 50-75, who were enrolled in a cohort study in southern California (58 Hispanic [53% Spanish-speaking] and 58 age-comparable non-Hispanic White; Overall group: Age: M=57.9, SD=5.7; Education: M=13, SD=3.4; 83% male, 58% AIDS, 94% on antiretroviral therapy [ART], 4% detectable plasma RNA). A global neurocognition score was derived from T-Scores on a comprehensive neurocognitive battery, with separate demographic adjustments for English and Spanish-speakers. MetS was ascertained via standard criteria that considered central obesity, elevated triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and elevated fasting glucose, as well as current medical treatment for these conditions. Covariates examined included sociodemographic, psychiatric, substance use and HIV-disease characteristics. Hispanics had higher rates of MetS (56%) than non-Hispanic Whites (37%; p<.05). A stepwise regression model on global neurocognition including ethnicity and covariates that differed between ethnic groups, selected only Hispanic ethnicity as a significant predictor (B=-3.82, SE=1.27, p<.01). A comparable model also including MetS showed that both Hispanic ethnicity (B=-3.39, SE=1.31, p=.01) and MetS (B=-2.73, SE=1.31, p=.04), were significantly associated with worse global neurocognition. Findings indicate that MetS does not fully explain disparities in neurocognitive function between Hispanic and non-Hispanic White older PWH, but rather is an independent predictor of neurocognitive function along with Hispanic ethnicity.
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Kulkarni, Dilip, and Srilata Moningi. "Neurocognitive function monitoring." Journal of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care 02, no. 03 (December 2015): 246–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2348-0548.165055.

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AbstractNeuro-cognitive dysfunction quite frequently occurs after major surgery particularly in elderly patients. Cognitive function monitoring becomes an important tool in the perioperative period, especially for patients undergoing neurosurgical procedures as these patients are at a greater risk because of the nature of surgery. Many cognitive assessment tools were described, but selecting a tool or combination of tools to assess depends on preoperative patient condition, availability of informant and post-operative course. The cognitive functioning monitoring is crucial for risk stratification to allow for subsequent prophylaxis, surveillance, and treatment of post-operative cognition dysfunction.
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Ringen, P. A., A. Vaskinn, K. Sundet, J. A. Engh, H. Jónsdóttir, C. Simonsen, S. Friis, S. Opjordsmoen, I. Melle, and O. A. Andreassen. "Opposite relationships between cannabis use and neurocognitive functioning in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia." Psychological Medicine 40, no. 8 (November 6, 2009): 1337–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291709991620.

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BackgroundCannabis use is associated with altered neurocognitive functioning in severe mental disorders, but data are still inconclusive and there are no studies of bipolar disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between cannabis use and neurocognition in bipolar disorder compared with schizophrenia in a naturalistic setting.MethodA total of 133 patients with bipolar disorder and 140 patients with schizophrenia underwent neuropsychological assessments and clinical characterization including measures of substance use. Relationships between cannabis users and neurocognitive function were explored in the two diagnostic groups. Possible interactions between diagnosis and cannabis use were investigated, and findings were controlled for possible confounders.ResultsIn bipolar disorder subjects, cannabis use was associated with better neurocognitive function, but the opposite was the case for the schizophrenia subjects. There was a statistically significant interaction effect of diagnosis and cannabis use on focused attention (p=0.019), executive functioning (verbal fluency – set shifting) (p=0.009), logical memory-learning (p=0.007) and on logical memory-recall (p=0.004). These differences in neurocognitive function could not be explained by putative confounders.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that cannabis use may be related to improved neurocognition in bipolar disorder and compromised neurocognition in schizophrenia. The results need to be replicated in independent samples, and may suggest different underlying disease mechanisms in the two disorders.
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Ji, Xiaopeng, Naixue Cui, and Jianghong Liu. "Neurocognitive Function Is Associated With Serum Iron Status in Early Adolescents." Biological Research For Nursing 19, no. 3 (February 15, 2017): 269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800417690828.

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Objective: The association between iron and neurocognition remains underexplored in adolescents, and the neurocognitive effects of low and high iron levels have yet to be established. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships of low and high iron levels with neurocognitive domains in early adolescents. Method: The sample comprised 428 adolescents (12.0 ± 0.4 years) from Jintan, China. Serum iron concentrations were analyzed from venous blood samples and classified into low, normal, and high levels according to the clinical reference range 75–175 μg/dl. Neurocognition was measured by the Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery and Wechsler Intelligence Scale. Generalized linear regression was used to analyze relationships. Results: Prevalence rates of iron deficiency, normal iron, and high iron were 13.8%, 76.4%, and 9.8%, respectively. Compared with normal levels, iron deficiency was associated with slower performance in tasks that measured abstraction and mental flexibility (β = 107.5, p = .03) and spatial processing ability (β = 917.2, p = .04). High serum iron was associated with less accuracy in the spatial processing ability task (β = −2.2, p = .03) and a longer reaction time in the task assessing abstraction and mental flexibility (β = 702.8, p = .046) compared to normal levels. Conclusion: Both iron deficiency and high iron levels contribute to reduced neurocognitive performance in a domain-specific manner in early adolescents. The dual burden of iron under- and overnutrition should be incorporated into future interventions for improving brain development and cognitive function in adolescents, especially in a Chinese context.
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Lentoor, Antonio G., and Lezani Myburgh. "Correlation between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Performance on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in a Cohort of Adult Women in South Africa." Behavioural Neurology 2022 (February 2, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8994793.

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Objective. Recent evidence suggests that obesity is increasing worldwide and may negatively impact neurocognition. Local studies on the association of weight status with neurocognitive function are sparse. This study is aimed at examining the association between body mass index (BMI) and neurocognitive functioning scores in a cohort of adult women. Methods. A convenience sample of 175 women aged 18 to 59 years ( 28.03 ± 8.87 ) recruited in a community-based quantitative study completed the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The BMI metric was used to measure body fat based on weight and height and was stratified as high BMI (overweight or obese) or low BMI (normal weight). The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to assess depression. Pearson’s correlation analysis and the student’s t -test analysis were performed. Results. We observed a significant inverse association between BMI and performance on MoCA ( r 173 = − 0.32 , p < 0.001 ). Performance on subtest of attention, memory, constructive abstraction, and executive functions significantly and inversely correlated with BMI. Significantly lower scores on the MoCA were found in women with a high BMI compared to women with a low BMI ( 23 ± 4 vs. 26 ± 3 ), t 173 = 4.12 , p < 0.0001 ). Conclusions. BMI and MoCA were inversely associated on both global and domain-specific neurocognitive test of attention, memory, and executive function; key neurocognitive control; and regulatory functions underlying behavior and decision-making. The findings provide a rationale for further research into the long-term effects of BMI on neurocognition.
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Rennie, George, Andrew C. Chen, Haryana Dhillon, Janette Vardy, and Diona L. Damian. "Nicotinamide and neurocognitive function." Nutritional Neuroscience 18, no. 5 (February 21, 2014): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1476830514y.0000000112.

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Peters, Katherine, John Kirkpatrick, Ines Batinic-Haberle, Mary Lou Affronti, Sarah Woodring, Eric Lipp, James Herndon, et al. "SPCR-03 NEUROCOGNITIVE OUTCOMES FROM PHASE 1 TRIAL OF BMX-001 IN COMBINATION WITH CONCURRENT RADIATION THERAPY AND TEMOZOLOMIDE IN NEWLY DIAGNOSED HIGH-GRADE GLIOMA PATIENTS." Neuro-Oncology Advances 4, Supplement_1 (August 1, 2022): i20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/noajnl/vdac078.078.

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Abstract INTRODUCTION Neurocognitive dysfunction can result from radiation therapy which is the mainstay of treatment for high-grade glioma, particularly glioblastoma. Preclinical observations found that BMX-001, a novel metalloporphyrin, acts as a radioprotectant for normal CNS cells yet as a radiosensitizer to cancer cells in human GBM xenograft experiments. In a phase 1 study evaluating the safety of BMX-001 in combination with concurrent radiation therapy and temozolomide, we further studied neurocognitive function before and after concurrent radiation therapy and temozolomide in newly diagnosed high-grade glioma patients. METHODS We performed a phase 1 study of BMX-001 combined with radiation therapy (6-week total of 59.4-60 Gy) and temozolomide (75 mg/m2/day for 42 days). We administered BMX-001 as a subcutaneous injection at a loading dose before radiation therapy and temozolomide and then subsequent doses twice weekly for eight weeks. A key secondary endpoint was the evaluation of neurocognition. We performed neurocognitive testing with the computerized program CNS Vital Signsâ. This battery consists of seven tests: verbal memory, visual memory, finger tapping, symbol digit coding, the Stroop Test, a test of shifting attention, and a continuous performance test. We defined neurocognitive impairment at baseline as a z-score ≥ 1.5 SDs below the normative mean. We described improvements or declines in neurocognition at 2 and 6 months from baseline. RESULTS Fifteen patients (age 19-80 years) enrolled and underwent neurocognitive testing before and after RT. All patients had WHO grade 4 glioblastoma. Most subjects had neurocognitive impairment ranging from 46.7-to 80% on specific neurocognitive tests. At two months (N=15) and six months (N=9), most testing demonstrated improved neurocognitive performance. CONCLUSIONS Neurocognitive function is maintained and can improve after concurrent radiation therapy and temozolomide in this high-grade glioma cohort treated with BMX-001 during concurrent radiation therapy and temozolomide.
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Eastvold, Angela, Yana Suchy, and Donald Strassberg. "Executive Function Profiles of Pedophilic and Nonpedophilic Child Molesters." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 17, no. 2 (January 6, 2011): 295–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617710001669.

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AbstractThere is increasing evidence of neurocognitive dysfunction among child molesters, supporting the notion of brain anomalies among pedophiles. However, approximately half of child molesters are not pedophilic (i.e., are not primarily attracted to children), and neurocognitive differences between pedophilic (PED) and nonpedophilic (NPED) child molesters are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to assess neurocognition, specifically executive functioning (EF), among phallometrically defined PED and NPED child molesters, relative to nonsexual offenders (NSO). Participants (N = 89) were compared on seven EF domains. Results revealed that (a) child molesters exhibited an overall executive profile that was different from that of NSOs, with PEDs differing from NSOs but not from NPEDs; (b) child molesters on the whole performed better than NSOs on abstract reasoning and more poorly on inhibition; and (c) PEDs performed better than NPEDs on planning and exhibited better overall performance accuracy relative to NPEDs. These results suggest that PEDs exhibit a more deliberate, planful response style characterized by greater self-monitoring; whereas NPEDs appear to respond more impulsively. The current report further elucidates neurocognition among child molesters and highlights the need for future research examining subtypes of child molesters. (JINS, 2011, 17, 295–307)
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Faber, G., H. G. O. M. Smid, A. R. Van Gool, D. Wiersma, and R. J. Van Den Bosch. "The effects of guided discontinuation of antipsychotics on neurocognition in first onset psychosis." European Psychiatry 27, no. 4 (May 2012): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2011.02.003.

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AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effects of second generation antipsychotics on neurocognitive function in patients with stable remission of first episode psychosis.MethodsFifty-three patients with first onset psychosis in the schizophrenia spectrum entered a randomised controlled trial of guided discontinuation (GD) versus maintenance treatment (MT) with second generation antipsychotics. A comprehensive neurocognitive test battery was administered at the time of remission and shortly after dose reduction or discontinuation (GD-group) or at the same time in the MT-group.ResultsWith the exception of negative symptoms, PANSS scores decreased over time and neurocognition improved significantly on most tests in both groups. The GD-group, however, improved significantly more than the MT-group on three neurocognitive measures in the domain of speed of processing.ConclusionThese data suggest that, in first episode patients, dose reduction or discontinuation of second generation antipsychotics after stable remission is achieved, might improve neurocognitive function more than continuing second generation antipsychotics, suggesting a negative role for second generation antipsychotics, specifically in the domain of speed of processing.
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Waldstein, Shari R., and Carrington Rice Wendell. "Neurocognitive Function and Cardiovascular Disease." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 20, no. 3 (May 26, 2010): 833–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-2010-091591.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Neurocognitive function"

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Taylor, Eleanor. "Neurocognitive function in substance dependence." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/neurocognitive-function-in-substance-dependence(48f6ce99-680f-40de-9680-1a662ebfda5d).html.

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Background: Changes in neuropsychological and emotional systems are associated with substance dependence and reduce the chance of successfully maintaining abstinence after treatment. Impulsivity is strongly associated with substance dependence and is a risk factor for development, a consequence of excessive use and a marker for poor treatment outcomes. The focus of this thesis is impulsivity, as well as emotional and motivational factors, in the context of harmful substance use and dependence. The thesis is formed of two parts; the first (Studies 1 and 2) focusses on the multi-faceted role of impulsivity in substance dependence. The second part (Studies 3 and 4) investigates negative reinforcement and automatic approach and avoidance behaviour in heavy alcohol use. Study 1: A multi-dimensional investigation of impulsivity in abstinent substance dependent individuals using three complementary techniques: self-report, behavioural and neural measures. Results suggest that self-report measures of impulsivity are more sensitive in abstinent individuals than behavioural or fMRI measures. Study 2: An alternative approach to the classification of substance dependent individuals; using Latent Profile Analysis, abstinent substance dependent participants from Study 1 were regrouped based on personality risk factors rather than primary dependence. Important differences were detected within a previously undifferentiated group of abstinent substance dependent individuals; notably the greater incidence of childhood adversity and stimulant dependence history in one group, while the other did not differ from controls. Study 3: A behavioural investigation of the effect of stress induction on automatic approach and avoidance in heavy drinking individuals compared to light drinkers. Results indicated no differential effect of stress. These findings may suggest that the behaviour of older, more established heavy drinkers is comparable to that of alcohol dependent participants and reflects an advanced stage along the spectrum of alcohol use and dependence. Study 4: An fMRI investigation conducted on a subset of participants from Study 3 using neuroimaging paradigms to assess automatic approach and avoidance behaviour in heavy drinking individuals compared to light drinkers. Results can be interpreted to suggest that heavy drinkers approach alcohol in a less controlled manner than light drinkers, and that trait anxiety may be involved in the extent of avoidance behaviour. Conclusions: Although there are more questions raised by this research than are answered, some general conclusions can be drawn. Specifically, impulsivity measures need to be made more appropriate to all stages of substance use and dependence. Furthermore I propose a longitudinal theory of substance use and dependence with different neurocognitive profiles at each stage, as well as individual differences throughout the trajectory. This has implications for future addiction research that should enable better understanding for the benefit of clinical practice and treatment of substance related disorders.
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Heine, Erin. "The Effects of Caffeine on Neurocognitive Function." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28142.

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of caffeine, as introduced by a popular energy drink, on neurocognitive function. Methods: Twenty-four male participants, 18-28 yrs old, completed two days of testing: baseline and post-consumption testing. Exactly 48-hours separated the two sessions. During the second day of testing, participants received treatment or control drink and waited 90 minutes before performing the ImPACT for post-consumption data. Results: Verbal Memory: (F[1, 22]=0.69, p=.416, ?2=.03) Visual Memory:(F[1,22]=1.31, p=.264, n2=.056) Visual Motor Speed:(F[1,22]=.660, p=.425, n2=.029) Reaction Time: (F[1,22]=.015, p=.903, n2=.001) Impulse Control: (F[1,22]=.453, p=.508, n2=.020) Conclusions: Researchers determined caffeine from an energy drink, consumed 90 minutes prior to ImPACT baseline testing has no statistically significant effect on ImPACT composite scores compared to control group. Therefore, caffeine does not appear to be an obstacle for clinicians when assessing composite scores of ImPACT.
NDSU Athletic Training Program Faculty; NDSU HNES Department
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Ruth, Natasha M. "Childhood-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Neurocognitive Function." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1148060762.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Cincinnati, 2006.
Advisor: Dr. Kim N. Dietrich. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed June 3, 2009). Includes abstract. Keywords: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus; Neurocognitive Function; ANAM. Includes bibliographical references.
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Ekerholm, Maria, and Svala Firus. "Neurocognitive Function in Schizophrenia : A follow-up study." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Psychology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8017.

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Neurocognitive deficits are considered a core feature of schizophrenia.

Deficits covering a wide range of functions have been well

documented. However there are still relatively few longitudinal

studies regarding the long-term development of neurocognitive

impairment. The current study examined the effect of time in

schizophrenic patients and controls concerning cognitive functions. A

neurocognitive test-battery was administered on two occasions to 36

schizophrenic patients and 46 healthy controls with approximately 4.5

year interval. Results showed that schizophrenic patients performed

significantly worse on all measures on both occasions. No significant

decline was found over time for either group except for on Trail

Making Test, part B. Improvement on Continuous Performance Test

was found for affected patients and improvement on Rey Auditory

Verbal Learning Test was found for controls. Age was related to

outcome in controls and education was related to outcome in patients.

The conclusion is drawn that neurocognitive measures are relatively

stable over 4.5 years in patients with schizophrenia, in line with earlier

research. The authors discuss the impact of age and education and

limitations of the study.

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Johal, Amardeep. "Executive function deficits in HIV-associated neurocognitive decline." Thesis, University of East London, 2014. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3967/.

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People with HIV infection are living longer as a result of advances in combination antiretroviral therapy. This increase in lifespan has been coupled with an increase in the prevalence of HIV associated neurocognitive decline (HAND). A central feature of this presentation is the impairment of executive functioning, and the aim of this study was to explore whether there is general impairment of this domain or whether there is an executive function profile (of deficits versus relatively preserved aspects of function) in people with HAND. Sixteen participants with HAND (mean age = 49.25 years, range 23 to 72 years) were recruited from an inpatient HIV-rehabilitation unit, and completed cognitive and executive function batteries. The executive function profile obtained at group level suggested impairments in working memory, verbal initiation, verbal inhibition, rule induction, and processing speed abilities. In contrast letter fluency and visuo-spatial switching scores were less affected. Case series analyses indicated that cognitive and executive functioning varied widely within the participant sample. However verbal initiation and inhibition were impaired in all profiles, indicating these impairments are prominent in the early stages of disease. The findings of this study indicate that it may be beneficial for clinicians to use executive function batteries when assessing for HAND, since a thorough assessment of this multi-faceted cognitive domain can support more informed clinical decision-making. Further, the study suggests which tests may be clinically useful in detecting executive function deficits in HAND.
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Abanmy, Norah. "Neurocognitive function, renin-angiotensin function and polymorphism in chronic kidney disease patients." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2011. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/b5f27563-daf3-4813-9611-c76f6ec50f77.

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Uraemic patients demonstrate cognitive deficits, particularly in attention and memory and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a risk factor for cognitive impairment. Memory enhancing properties of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor antagonists (AlIA) have been reported in rats and mice. In humans, chronic treatment with an AlIA improved cognition in elderly hypertensive patients; ACEls improve cognition in young, hypertensive patients and acute administration of an AlIA has cognition-enhancing effects in young, healthy volunteers. The aim of this thesis was to investigate possible differential effects of ACEI and AlIA on mood and cognition in comparison to other antihypertensives in CKD patients. To rule out the possible effect of chronic disease on mood and cognition by examining neurocognitive attributes of colon cancer patients in remission, and finally to investigate the possible contribution of renin angiotensin system (RAS) gene polymorphisms to neurocognitive improvement associated with drugs targeted at the RAS.
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Cleveland, David. "The Effects of Low-Intensity Exercise on Neurocognitive Function." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1248508/.

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Acute aerobic exercise exerts a small beneficial effect on cognition. Much of the research to date has focused on cognitive changes following a bout of exercise, while little is currently known about changes in cognitive performance during exercise. The limited research that has been conducted suggests either positive, negative, or no effects on cognitive performance during exercise. Thus, the primary purpose of this study was to examine the effects of low-intensity cycling on cognitive function in college-aged students, indexed by response accuracy, reaction time, P3 amplitude, and P3 latency. Twenty-seven (Mage = 22.9 ± 3.0 years old) college-aged individuals were counterbalanced into low-intensity exercise (EX) and seated control (SC) conditions. During each condition, participants completed a 10-minute resting baseline period, 20 minutes of either sustained cycling or seated rest, and a 20-minute recovery period. Primary outcomes were assessed at 10-minute intervals (5 blocks total) throughout each condition via a modified oddball task. Across time blocks, both conditions exhibited faster reaction times on frequent trials but reduced accuracy to rare trials, suggesting a speed-accuracy tradeoff. There were no differences between conditions in P3 latency whereas a significant reduction in P3 amplitude was observed during the 20-minute exercise period compared to the control condition. Taken together, the results suggest that exercise at lower doses may have minimal influence on behavioral outcomes of cognitive performance but may impact more basic measures of brain function. Information gathered from this study may aid in the development of appropriate exercise prescriptions for populations looking to specifically target cognitive function deficits.
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Hewson, R. M. "Neurocognitive function in adults depressed during the school age years." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.603984.

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This study was designed to investigate the theory of glucocorticoids mediated neurotoxicity as an explanation for anatomical changes and the likelihood of depressive recurrence in a group of recovered young adults. The study examines the changes in levels of the hormones cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) between the first episode of depression and present day. It also investigates cognitive ability in tasks of memory ability and affect bias, and explores the functional processes associated with these tasks using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Anatomical correlates of these cognitive processes were examined using MRI, specifically the hippocampus and the amygdala. fMRI, MRI and cognitive task results were correlated with cortisol and DHEA levels and the length of previous illness. Results suggest that cortisol and DHEA return to similar levels as controls in recovery, and that DHEA levels at the first episode of depression may predict the length and severity of the illness. Although there is no significant difference in cognitive ability between the recovered participants and controls, those with a history of depression do show altered patterns of activation when performing tasks of memory encoding and retrieval and implicit affect recognition. In addition, there are significant positive correlations between hippocampal activation whilst encoding memories and cortisol levels at the first episode, and negative correlations of hippocampal grey matter density and the length of illness. Results also suggest that high levels of cortisol during episodes of depression result in damage to the hippocampus. Subsequently, in recovery, the “damaged” hippocampus requires greater activation to successfully encode memories in order to compensate for the loss of grey matter.
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Ireland, Elizabeth. "Exploring social cognition and executive function in HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND)." Thesis, University of East London, 2011. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3711/.

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With the success of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), people with HIV are living longer and the incidence and prevalence of HIV-associated disorders, including neurocognitive impairments (e.g. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders; HAND) are increasing. To date, research into social cognition, referring to the ability to understand other people's internal mental states (such as beliefs, desires and emotions) has been neglected in individuals with HAND despite social cognitive impairments being found in individuals with other neurological problems (e.g. brain injury or dementias involving the frontal lobe). This study sought to explore whether social cognitive deficits are present in individuals with HAND, and if so whether this is a specific deficit or occurs as part of, or secondary to other decline in neuropsychological function, including executive functions which have been associated with social cognition in the literature. Sixteen participants with HAND (mean age = 40.9 years, range 23 to 56 years) were recruited from an inpatient neuro-rehabilitation centre and completed two social cognition tests (a verbal theory of mind test, and a visual test of emotional perception) and a battery of neuropsychological assessments including executive function tests. Group means suggested specific weaknesses on the social cognition tests, and also on tests of processing speed and immediate memory, but these tests were not correlated. Case series analysis suggests that social cognition is separate to other cognitive domains and executive functions since social cognition was impaired in individuals who are functioning relatively well on other cognitive areas. The results indicate that social cognition impairment may be a prominent early problem in individuals with HAND. A task of social cognition on a screening test for HAND may be beneficial for early detection and diagnosis, and useful for understanding the impact that social cognitive deficits may have on everyday life and social functioning. Further research, using bigger samples and better instruments is required to understand social cognitive functioning in HIV individuals.
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Gonterman, Andrea R. "The relationships between insight, psychopathological symptoms, and neurocognitive function in psychotic disorders." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3054/.

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Many psychotic patients fail to admit they are mentally ill. The current study evaluated the associations between insight, specific symptoms, and neurocognitive impairments. Thirty-three acute inpatients with a schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or psychotic disorder NOS diagnosis were rated on the SAIE, Birchwood's IS, and the BPRS. Neurocognitive assessments of attention and frontal lobe functioning were also conducted. Stepwise multiple regression analyses found composites representing delusions, disorganization, and anxiety/depression, as well as CPT-IP shapes hit rate, served as significant predictors of total insight or the specific insight dimensions. At least for acute patients, symptoms tended to have stronger relationships with and were more regularly predictive of insight than neurocognitive measures, though the attentional task associated with right hemisphere functioning, contributed significantly.
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Books on the topic "Neurocognitive function"

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Intellectual functions and the brain: An historical perspective. Seattle: Hogrefe & Huber Publishers, 1992.

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Walker, Matthew P. The Role of Sleep in Neurocognitive Function. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195376203.013.0007.

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Castellanos, Irina, David B. Pisoni, William G. Kronenberger, and Jessica Beer. Neurocognitive Function in Deaf Children With Cochlear Implants. Edited by Marc Marschark and Patricia Elizabeth Spencer. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190241414.013.17.

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Heffernan, Thomas, ed. The Impact of Active and Passive Smoking Upon Health and Neurocognitive Function. Frontiers Media SA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88919-977-8.

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Kronenberger, William G., and David B. Pisoni. Neurocognitive Functioning in Deaf Children with Cochlear Implants. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190880545.003.0016.

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Cochlear implantation restores some attributes of hearing and spoken language to prelingually deaf children. However, reduced access to auditory and spoken-language experiences for children with cochlear implants can alter the development of downstream neurocognitive functions such as sequential processing and self-regulatory language skills, which are critical building blocks for executive functioning. Executive functioning is the active regulation of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional processes in the service of planned, organized, controlled, goal-driven behavior. This chapter presents findings from two primary lines of research on the development of executive functioning in prelingually deaf, early implanted children with cochlear implants. The first is identification of specific executive function domains that are at risk for delay in children with cochlear implants compared to hearing children. The second is reciprocal influences of executive function and spoken-language skills throughout development in children and adolescents with cochlear implants.
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Drane, Daniel L., and Dona E. C. Locke. Mechanisms of Possible Neurocognitive Dysfunction. Edited by Barbara A. Dworetzky and Gaston C. Baslet. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190265045.003.0005.

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This chapter covers what is known about the possible mechanisms of neurocognitive dysfunction in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES). It begins with a review of all research examining possible cognitive deficits in this population. Cognitive research in PNES is often obscured by noise created by a host of comorbid conditions (e.g., depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, chronic pain) and associated issues (e.g., effects of medications and psychological processes that can compromise attention or broader cognition). More recent studies employing performance validity tests raise the possibility that studies finding broad cognitive problems in PNES may be highlighting a more transient phenomenon secondary to these comorbid or secondary factors. Such dysfunction would likely improve with successful management of PNES symptomatology, yet the effects of even transient variability likely compromises daily function until these issues are resolved. Future research must combine the use of neuropsychological testing, performance validity measures, psychological theory, neuroimaging analysis, and a thorough understanding of brain–behavior relationships to address whether there is a focal neuropathological syndrome associated with PNES.
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Newman, Jennifer, and Charles R. Marmar. Executive Function in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Edited by Charles B. Nemeroff and Charles R. Marmar. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190259440.003.0015.

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This chapter discusses the role of executive function in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which is far from fully understood. Deficits are subtle and findings are often inconsistent. Impairments have been related to worsening of psychological symptoms, functioning, and quality of life. They can also negatively impact treatment. Functional imaging shows that neurocognitive deficits in PTSD may be related to an imbalance in brain connectivity, where emotion processing is enhanced and control is reduced. Structural findings show abnormalities in brain regions involved in higher-level functions. However, findings are often discrepant. Factors related to these inconclusive results are considered, including developmental course, premorbid functioning, and comorbidities such as traumatic brain injury, depression, substance use, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, health behaviors, and medical concerns. Treatment implications, limitations of this work, and future directions are presented. The aim of future research is to advance scientific understanding of PTSD, neurocognitive impairments, and related conditions, with the goal of improving outcomes for those who encounter trauma.
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Eliason, Michelle. Neurocognitive Workbook: An Interactive Solution to Manage Memory & Executive Function Changes with Long-Term Occupational Therapy. Buffalo Occupational Therapy, 2022.

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Alan, Frazer, Molinoff Perry B, and Winokur Andrew 1944-, eds. Biological bases of brain function and disease. New York: Raven Press, 1994.

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Rucci, Jennifer M., and Robert E. Feinstein. Neurocognitive Disorders and Mental Disorders Due to Another Medical Condition. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199326075.003.0005.

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The defining feature of neurocognitive disorders is a decline in cognitive functioning. Patients suffering from delirium experience an acute change in mental status, fluctuating levels of consciousness, and an inability to acquire new information. Patients with major neurocognitive disorder experience significant cognitive decline in complex attention, executive function, learning and memory, language, perceptual-motor, and social cognition. The chapter also discusses mental disorders due to another medical condition. These patients can experience psychotic, mood, or anxious symptoms or a personality change; their intellectual functioning usually remains intact. A patient presenting with a first episode of psychiatric symptoms and no prior psychiatric history should be evaluated for an acute medical etiology causing the psychiatric symptoms, particularly if he or she is over 40 years of age. Anticholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine) may slow the rate of cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease, and the combination of an anticholinesterase inhibitor and memantine may be more effective than either medication alone.
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Book chapters on the topic "Neurocognitive function"

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Proske, Uwe, David L. Morgan, Tamara Hew-Butler, Kevin G. Keenan, Roger M. Enoka, Sebastian Sixt, Josef Niebauer, et al. "Exercise and Neurocognitive Function." In Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine in Health and Disease, 314. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29807-6_4190.

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Waldstein, Shari R., S. Carrington Rice Wendell, Megan M. Hosey, Stephen L. Seliger, and Leslie I. Katzel. "Cardiovascular Disease and Neurocognitive Function." In Handbook of Medical Neuropsychology, 99–134. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14895-9_6.

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Wagner, Mark T., Madhabika Nayak, and Christine Fink. "Bedside screening of neurocognitive function." In Psychological assessment in medical rehabilitation., 145–98. Washington: American Psychological Association, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10175-003.

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Waldstein, Shari R., Carrington Rice Wendell, Megan M. Hosey, Stephen L. Seliger, and Leslie I. Katzel. "Cardiovascular Disease and Neurocognitive Function." In Handbook of Medical Neuropsychology, 69–99. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1364-7_5.

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McIntosh, Anthony Randal. "Large-Scale Network Dynamics in Neurocognitive Function." In Representation and Brain, 337–58. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-73021-7_14.

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Pereira, Alberto M., and Onno C. Meijer. "Glucocorticoid Regulation of Neurocognitive and Neuropsychiatric Function." In The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Health and Disease, 27–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45950-9_2.

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Tsiampa, Athanasia Maria, and Konstantina Skolariki. "Neurocognitive Interventions and Brain Function in Children with Dyslexia." In Brain Function Assessment in Learning, 45–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60735-7_5.

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Northam, Elisabeth. "Effects of Diabetes on Neurocognitive Function of Children." In Behavioral Diabetes, 79–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33286-0_7.

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Kao, Amy H., Carol M. Greco, Suzanne L. Gharib, and Sue R. Beers. "Neurocognitive Function in Systemic Autoimmune and Rheumatic Diseases." In Handbook of Medical Neuropsychology, 463–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14895-9_21.

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Hopkins, Ramona O. "Respiratory Disorders: Effects on Neurocognitive and Brain Function." In Handbook of Medical Neuropsychology, 167–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14895-9_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Neurocognitive function"

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Anderson, Afrouz, Andrea Gropman, and Amir Gandjbakhche. "Evaluation of Neurocognitive Function in Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency." In Clinical and Translational Biophotonics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/translational.2020.jw3a.25.

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Sivam, Sheila, Keith Wong, Amanda Piper, David Wang, Brendon Yee, and Ronald Grunstein. "Obesity hypoventilation syndrome and neurocognitive function - impact of positive airway pressure therapy." In ERS International Congress 2018 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.pa421.

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Reddick, Wilburn E., Holly A. White, John O. Glass, and Raymond K. Mulhern. "Correlation of neurocognitive function and brain parenchyma volumes in children surviving cancer." In Medical Imaging 2002, edited by Anne V. Clough and Chin-Tu Chen. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.463606.

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Hutchison, Michael, Alex Di Battista, Kyla Pyndiura, and Doug Richards. "173 Testing neurocognitive function and balance following sport concussion – do we need baselines?" In IOC World Conference on Prevention of Injury & Illness in Sport 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2021-ioc.159.

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Nelson, L. P., A. Cabrales, A. S. Lane, A. Hamilton, A. K. Bhalla, J. Hotz, J. Kwok, M. Klein, and R. G. Khemani. "Post-Intensive Care Unit Neurocognitive Function in Survivors of Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome." In American Thoracic Society 2020 International Conference, May 15-20, 2020 - Philadelphia, PA. American Thoracic Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a1942.

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Metcalfe, Jason S., Thomas Mikulski, and Scott Dittman. "Accounting for human neurocognitive function in the design and evaluation of 360 degree situational awareness display systems." In SPIE Defense, Security, and Sensing, edited by John Tudor Thomas, Daniel D. Desjardins, Jeff J. Güell, and Kenneth L. Bernier. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.885051.

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Hendrawan, Donny, Claudya Carolina, Fasya Fauzani, Hanifah Nurul Fatimah, Farida Kurniawati, and Muhammad Azmi Malik Ariefa. "The construction of android computer-based application on neurocognitive executive function for early age children inhibitory control measurement." In 2016 7th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications (CogInfoCom). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/coginfocom.2016.7804584.

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Antic, NA, PG Catcheside, M. Hensley, M. Naughton, and RD McEvoy. "The Effectiveness of CPAP in Moderate-Severe OSA in Normalizing Neurocognitive Function, Daytime Sleepiness and Quality of Life across a Range of CPAP Adherence." In American Thoracic Society 2009 International Conference, May 15-20, 2009 • San Diego, California. American Thoracic Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_meetingabstracts.a5318.

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Santos, Priscila, Daniel Godoy Pinto, Jussara Alves Celestino, and Marina Cisoto. "MentalPlus® as a Tool for Early Detection of Dementias." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.355.

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Introduction: The research’s objective is to identify early signs and symptoms of dementia through the MentalPlus® game. Dementias is a Neurocognitive Major Disorder, and as a diagnostic criterion, it is impaired in the areas of intricate attention, executive function, learning, memory, language, perceptomotor or social cognition. Method: MentalPlus® was created for timely evaluation and cognitive rehabilitation, considering the various diseases that cause cognitive dysfunction, such as dementia, heart problems, organic disorders, among others, in addition to surgical interventions and external factors. This instrument used to evaluate postoperative cognitive dysfunctions, which often affect elderly patients, confirms the validity and accessibility of the MentalPlus application. Results: Table 1 shows that the elderly in the group tested had statistically lower education than the control group (p < 0.001). Table 2 shows that for all domains of MentalPlus , on the hits part, the tested elderly group showed statistically lower values than the control group (p < 0.05), except only in the executive function (p = 0.231) and selective attention (p = 0.057), errors were also statistically higher in the elderly tested for almost all domains (p < 0.05), except in short-term memory (p = 0.206) and long-term memory (p = 0.179). At the same time, omissions were statistically higher in the elderly tested for all MP domains (p < 0.05). Conclusion: MentalPlus® identifies early signs of dementia in older people and is useful for the evaluator and the target audience, as it provides reliable data in a considerably short time.
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Brasileiro, Maria Eduarda Galdino de Araújo, Bruna Barbosa de Almeida, Clara Campêlo Lucena Vieira, and Islany de Sousa Porto Diniz Ramalho. "Literature review of behavioral disorders after encephalic skull traumatisms." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.438.

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Background: The traumatic brain injury (TBI) consists of a lesion in the skull region caused by an external force, which can cause sequelae in several clinical scenarios, with dysfunctions in the cognitive and behavioral spheres being one of the most disabling. These include: impaired memory, attention and concentration; slowing psychomotor speed and mental processing; in addition to personality changes. Objectives: To understand the relationship between short and long-term cognitive impairments caused by traumatic brain injuries. In addition to analyzing the repercussion that these sequels bring to the patient. Methods: This is a review of the literature in the PubMed, Scielo and UpToDate databases. Review articles, full texts, in the last 5 years, in humans were selected. Results: Patients affected by trauma have more prevalent cognitive impairments in the spheres of attention and concentration, processing speed, memory and executive function. The severity of neurocognitive impairments depends on a variety of factors, including: aspects in relation to brain injury such as its extent, location, severity of the trauma, as well as variables such as age and pre-morbid personality characteristics. Associated with the abovementioned alterations, biochemical alterations and accumulation of chronic neurotoxic proteins after TBI occur, which triggers biochemical processes of neurodegeneration in the long term. Conclusion: It’s clear that comprehensive neuropsychological assessments in each case of TBI are important to identify impaired and preserved functions, whether short or long term; thus allowing a better prognosis through rehabilitation programs and clinical and surgical therapeutic measures in emergency situations, usually involving fast decisions.
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Reports on the topic "Neurocognitive function"

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Kenefick, Amy L. Relationship of Neurocognitive Function to Breast Cancer Treatment and Induced Menopause. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada435640.

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Kenefick, Amy L. Relationship of Neurocognitive Function to Breast Cancer Treatment and Induced Menopause. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada469834.

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Kenefick, Amy L. Relationship of Neurocognitive Function to Breast Cancer Treatment and Induced Menopause. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada472069.

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