Relevant bibliographies by topics / Neural stem cells, Oligodendrocyte differentiation

Academic literature on the topic 'Neural stem cells, Oligodendrocyte differentiation'

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Published: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Neural stem cells, Oligodendrocyte differentiation"

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Li, Yutong, Nicole Leanne Dittmann, Adrianne Eve Scovil Watson, Monique Marylin Alves de Almeida, Tim Footz, and Anastassia Voronova. "Hepatoma Derived Growth Factor Enhances Oligodendrocyte Genesis from Subventricular Zone Precursor Cells." ASN Neuro 14 (January 2022): 175909142210863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17590914221086340.

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Oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS), perform vital functions in neural protection and communication, as well as cognition. Enhanced production of oligodendrocytes has been identified as a therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders. In the postnatal brain, oligodendrocytes are generated from the neural stem and precursor cells (NPCs) in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and parenchymal oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Here, we demonstrate exogenous Hepatoma Derived Growth Factor (HDGF) enhances oligodendrocyte genesis from murine postnatal SVZ NPCs in vitro without affecting neurogenesis or astrogliogenesis. We further show that this is achieved by increasing proliferation of both NPCs and OPCs, as well as OPC differentiation into oligodendrocytes. In vivo results demonstrate that intracerebroventricular infusion of HDGF leads to increased oligodendrocyte genesis from SVZ NPCs, as well as OPC proliferation. Our results demonstrate a novel role for HDGF in regulating SVZ precursor cell proliferation and oligodendrocyte differentiation. Summary Statement Hepatoma derived growth factor (HDGF) is produced by neurons. However, its role in the central nervous system is largely unknown. We demonstrate HDGF enhances i) oligodendrocyte formation from subventricular zone neural stem cells, and ii) oligodendrocyte precursor proliferation in vitro and in vivo.
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Herszfeld, Daniella, Natalie L. Payne, Aude Sylvain, Guizhi Sun, Claude C. Bernard, Joan Clark, and Henry Sathananthan. "Fine Structure of Neurally Differentiated iPS Cells Generated from a Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Patient: A Case Study." Microscopy and Microanalysis 20, no. 6 (October 22, 2014): 1869–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927614013312.

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AbstractWe compared the characteristics of neural cells derived from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from a patient with multiple sclerosis versus neurally differentiated control iPS cells of a healthy individual. The iPS cells were differentiated toward the oligodendrocyte lineage using a four-step protocol established for the differentiation of embryonic stem cells. The resulting cell population was immunostained on day 112 of differentiation for the presence of oligodendrocytes and analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Both patient and control samples resembled a mixed population of neural cells rather than oligodendroglia of high purity, including neural stem cell-like cells and possibly oligodendrocytes demonstrable by TEM.
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Li, T., Y. Xie, and W. Ji. "199 DIFFERENTIATION OF HIGHLY ENRICHED OLIGODENDROCYTE PRECURSORS AND MATURE OLIGODENDROCYTES FROM RHESUS MONKEY EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 18, no. 2 (2006): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv18n2ab199.

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Generating homologous oligodendrocytes are required for studying the molecular mechanisms of oligodendrogliogenesis and for providing donor cells for transplantation therapies. Previous studies have shown that embryonic stem (ES) cells can be induced to generate neural stem cells with many kinds of culture systems; however, few or no oligodendrocytes were obtained from these culture systems. Here we present a simple method containing five steps for obtaining highly enriched oligodendrocyte precursors (75 � 6.8%) and mature oligodendrocytes (81 � 8.6%) from rhesus monkey embryonic stem (rES) cells. We expanded rES cells on a feeder layer of irradiated MESF (ear skin fibroblasts from a one-week-old rhesus monkey), formed embryoid bodies (EBs), promoted Day 9 (3 days in hanging drop and 6 days in suspension) differentiation into highly enriched (90.2 � 6.1%) neural progenitors (NPs) with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and G5 supplement [containing 5 ng/mL (bFGF) and 10 ng/mL epidermal growth factor (EGF)], purified NPs with 0.0625% trypsin in 0.04% EDTA (98% of cells were nestin-positive), amplified those progenitors in HGF and G5 media for two months, and then induced oligodendrocyte precursors differentiation in the absence of G5, but in the presence of 20 ng/mL HGF for 2 days. To obtain terminal oligodendrocytes, neurospheres cultured for 2 months were plated on laminin-coated plates for 3 weeks in the presence of HGF. The results showed that differentiated cells expressed myelin basic protein (MBP) and had typical mature oligodendrocyte morphology. Our studies also revealed that HGF significantly increased the NP proliferation speed (P < 0.05) by both decreasing cell apoptosis rate (P < 0.05) and shortening cell cycle time (P < 0.05) in the presence of G5. Additionally, HGF promoted oligodendrocyte maturation by increasing the length and number of branches and the expression of MBP. To test whether the original HGF had similar functions for oligodendrocyte specification, a series of experiments were evaluated by adding HGF or G5 to differentiation or expansion media at different differentiation stages. The results demonstrated that the ability of HGF responsiveness to initiate oligodendrocyte differentiation was regulated by G5 and by HGF alone without G5-induced rES cell differentiation into neurons. Further studies showed that the crucial time point of G5 action was from EBs to NPs; the early addition of HGF to EBs in the presence of G5 increased oligodendrocyte differentiation rate, but was not necessary, and the treatment during the first 2 days was enough to produce a similar effect; and HGF was required for terminal oligodendrocyte differentiation from NPs. Taken together, these results showed that HGF and G5 cooperatively promote rES cell differentiation into highly enriched oligodendrocyte precursors and mature oligodendrocytes.These observations set the method for obtaining highly enriched oligodendrocytes from ES cells in the nonhuman primate for clinical application and provide a platform to probe the molecular mechanisms that control oligodendrocyte differentiation.
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Mokrý, Jaroslav, Jana Karbanová, Dana Čížková, Jan Pazour, Stanislav Filip, and Jan Österreicher. "Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells Into Cells of Oligodendroglial Lineage." Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic) 50, no. 1 (2007): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/18059694.2017.57.

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We described three different conditions that induce differentiation of dissociated neural stem cells derived from mouse embryonic CNS. In the first set of experiments, where the cell differentiation was triggered by cell adhesion, removal of growth factors and serum-supplemented medium, only sporadic neuronal and astroglial cells survived longer than two weeks and the latter formed a monolayer. When differentiation was induced in serum-free medium supplemented with retinoic acid, rapid and massive cell death occurred. A prolonged survival was observed in cultivation medium supplemented with serum and growth factors EGF plus FGF-2. One third of the cells did not express cell differentiation markers and were responsible for an increase in cell numbers. The remaining cells differentiated and formed the astrocytic monolayer on which occasional neuronal cells grew. One third of the differentiated phenotypes were represented by cells of oligodendroglial lineage. Differentiation of oligodendroglial cells occurred in a stepwise mechanism because the culture contained all successive developmental stages, including oligodendrocyte progenitors, preoligodendrocytes and immature and mature oligodendrocytes. Maturing oligodendrocytes displayed immunocytochemical and morphological features characteristic of cells that undergo physiological development. The cultivation conditions that supported growth and differentiation of neural stem cells were optimal for in vitro developmental studies and the production of oligodendroglial cells.
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Russell, Lauren N., and Kyle J. Lampe. "Engineering Biomaterials to Influence Oligodendroglial Growth, Maturation, and Myelin Production." Cells Tissues Organs 202, no. 1-2 (2016): 85–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000446645.

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Millions of people suffer from damage or disease to the nervous system that results in a loss of myelin, such as through a spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis. Diminished myelin levels lead to further cell death in which unmyelinated neurons die. In the central nervous system, a loss of myelin is especially detrimental because of its poor ability to regenerate. Cell therapies such as stem or precursor cell injection have been investigated as stem cells are able to grow and differentiate into the damaged cells; however, stem cell injection alone has been unsuccessful in many areas of neural regeneration. Therefore, researchers have begun exploring combined therapies with biomaterials that promote cell growth and differentiation while localizing cells in the injured area. The regrowth of myelinating oligodendrocytes from neural stem cells through a biomaterials approach may prove to be a beneficial strategy following the onset of demyelination. This article reviews recent advancements in biomaterial strategies for the differentiation of neural stem cells into oligodendrocytes, and presents new data indicating appropriate properties for oligodendrocyte precursor cell growth. In some cases, an increase in oligodendrocyte differentiation alongside neurons is further highlighted for functional improvements where the biomaterial was then tested for increased myelination both in vitro and in vivo.
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Guo, Shu-Lin, Chih-Hui Chin, Chi-Jung Huang, Chih-Cheng Chien, and Yih-Jing Lee. "Promotion of the Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells into Oligodendrocytes by Knockdown of Heat Shock Protein 27." Developmental Neuroscience 44, no. 2 (2022): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000521744.

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Stem cell-based therapy has been evaluated in many different clinical trials for various diseases. This capability was applied in various neurodegenerative diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, which is characterized by demyelination, axonal injury, and neuronal loss. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are mesenchymal stem cells from the oral cavity that have been studied with potential application for the regeneration of different tissues. Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) regulates neurogenesis in the process of neural differentiation of placenta multipotent stem cells. Here, we hypothesize that HSP27 expression is also critical for the neural differentiation of DPSCs. An evaluation of the possible role of HSP27 in the differentiation of DPSCs was performed using gene knockdown and neural immunofluorescent staining. We found that HSP27 played a role in the differentiation of DPSCs and that knockdown of HSP27 in DPSCs rendered cells to oligodendrocyte progenitors; i.e., small hairpin specific for HSP27 DPSCs exhibited NG2-positive immunoreactivity and gave rise to oligodendrocytes or type-2 astrocytes. This neural differentiation of DPSCs may have clinical significance in the treatment of patients with neurodegenerative diseases. In conclusion, our data provide an example of the oligodendrocyte differentiation of a DPSC model, which may be applied in human regenerative medicine.
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Li, Shen, Jiao Zheng, Linlin Chai, Mengsi Lin, Ruocheng Zeng, Jianhong Lu, and Jing Bian. "Rapid and Efficient Differentiation of Rodent Neural Stem Cells into Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells." Developmental Neuroscience 41, no. 1-2 (2019): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000499364.

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Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) may have beneficial effects in cell replacement therapy of neurodegenerative disease owing to their unique capability to differentiate into myelinogenic oligodendrocytes (OLs) in response to extrinsic signals. Therefore, it is of significance to establish an effective differentiation methodology to generate highly pure OPCs and OLs from some easily accessible stem cell sources. To achieve this goal, in this study, we present a rapid and efficient protocol for oligodendroglial lineage differentiation from mouse neural stem cells (NSCs), rat NSCs, or mouse embryonic stem cell-derived neuroepithelial stem cells. In a defined culture medium containing Smoothened Agonist, basic fibroblast growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor-AA, OPCs could be generated from the above stem cells over a time course of 4–6 days, achieving a cell purity as high as ∼90%. In particular, these derived OPCs showed high expandability and could further differentiate into myelin basic protein-positive OLs within 3 days or alternatively into glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive astrocytes within 7 days. Furthermore, transplantation of rodent NSC-derived OPCs into injured spinal cord indicated that it is a feasible strategy to treat spinal cord injury. Our results suggest a differentiation strategy for robust production of OPCs and OLs from rodent stem cells, which could provide an abundant OPC source for spinal cord injury.
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Llorens-Bobadilla, Enric, James M. Chell, Pierre Le Merre, Yicheng Wu, Margherita Zamboni, Joseph Bergenstråhle, Moa Stenudd, et al. "A latent lineage potential in resident neural stem cells enables spinal cord repair." Science 370, no. 6512 (October 1, 2020): eabb8795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abb8795.

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Injuries to the central nervous system (CNS) are inefficiently repaired. Resident neural stem cells manifest a limited contribution to cell replacement. We have uncovered a latent potential in neural stem cells to replace large numbers of lost oligodendrocytes in the injured mouse spinal cord. Integrating multimodal single-cell analysis, we found that neural stem cells are in a permissive chromatin state that enables the unfolding of a normally latent gene expression program for oligodendrogenesis after injury. Ectopic expression of the transcription factor OLIG2 unveiled abundant stem cell–derived oligodendrogenesis, which followed the natural progression of oligodendrocyte differentiation, contributed to axon remyelination, and stimulated functional recovery of axon conduction. Recruitment of resident stem cells may thus serve as an alternative to cell transplantation after CNS injury.
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Ghareghani, Majid, Heibatollah Sadeghi, Kazem Zibara, Nazanin Danaei, Hassan Azari, and Amir Ghanbari. "Melatonin Increases Oligodendrocyte Differentiation in Cultured Neural Stem Cells." Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology 37, no. 7 (December 16, 2016): 1319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10571-016-0450-4.

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Zhao, Xianghui, Jiang Wu, Minhua Zheng, Fang Gao, and Gong Ju. "Specification and maintenance of oligodendrocyte precursor cells from neural progenitor cells: involvement of microRNA-7a." Molecular Biology of the Cell 23, no. 15 (August 2012): 2867–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e12-04-0270.

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The generation of myelinating cells from multipotential neural stem cells in the CNS requires the initiation of specific gene expression programs in oligodendrocytes (OLs). We reasoned that microRNAs (miRNAs) could play an important role in this process by regulating genes crucial for OL development. Here we identified miR-7a as one of the highly enriched miRNAs in oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), overexpression of which in either neural progenitor cells (NPCs) or embryonic mouse cortex promoted the generation of OL lineage cells. Blocking the function of miR-7a in differentiating NPCs led to a reduction in OL number and an expansion of neuronal populations simultaneously. We also found that overexpression of this miRNA in purified OPC cultures promoted cell proliferation and inhibited further maturation. In addition, miR-7a might exert the effects just mentioned partially by directly repressing proneuronal differentiation factors including Pax6 and NeuroD4, or proOL genes involved in oligodendrocyte maturation. These results suggest that miRNA pathway is essential in determining cell fate commitment for OLs and thus providing a new strategy for modulating this process in OL loss diseases.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Neural stem cells, Oligodendrocyte differentiation"

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Dunphy, Jaclyn Marie. "Infection of Neural Stem Cells with Murine Leukemia Viruses Inhibits Oligodendroglial Differentiation: Implications for Spongiform Neurodegeneration." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1334343584.

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Avola, Rosanna. "Dynamic expression of aquaporins in physiological and pathophysiological in vitro models." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/3620.

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Water is the main component of biological fluids and a prerequisite of all organisms living. In 1987, Agre isolated a new integral membrane protein acting as a channel that mediates the water flux and uncharged solutes across biological membranes. This protein was called aquaporin1 and ever since its discovery, more than 300 homologues have been identified in animal, bacteria and plant. In human have been discovered 13 aquaporins (AQPs) isoform (AQP0-AQP12) widely distributed in various epithelia and endothelia where are important actors of fluid homeostasis in secretory and absorptive processes in response to an osmotic or pressure gradient. In the human brain nine aquaporin subtypes (AQP1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, and 11) have been recognized and partially characterized, but only three aquaporins (AQP1, 4, and 9) have been clearly identified in vivo. This discovery highlighted the concept of the important role of AQPs in all brain functions and of the dynamics of water molecules in the cerebral cortex. Additionally, AQPs relieved an important role in glial control and neuronal excitability, such as in brain structure and general development. However, a clearer understanding of specific function and distribution of water channels in adult or in development brain requires a more detailed elucidation. Some of these findings are limited from the complexity of direct investigation, inaccessibility of the neural tissue, and hence difficulty in obtaining a brain biopsy, until after the death of an individual. In this sense, several past and present in vitro models have been used to provide important clues about many processes, such as brain development, neurotoxicity, inflammation, pathogenic mechanisms of the diseases and potential pharmacological targets. In the Chapter I, we have reviewed some in vitro approaches used to investigate the mechanisms involved in Krabbe disease with particular regard to the cellular systems employed to study processes of inflammation, apoptosis and angiogenesis. In this study, we used some in vitro methods with the aim to update the knowledge on stem cells biology and to provide a relationship between aquaporins expression and cellular differentiation. In particular, we have analysed the differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue (AT-MSCs) into neural phenotypes and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line into physiological and pathophysiological dopaminergic neurons. In the Chapter II, we have reported the results of the expression of AQP1, 4, 7, 8 and 9 at 0, 14, and 28 days in AT-MSCs during the neural differentiation by immunocytochemistry, RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Our studies demonstrated that AT-MSCs could be differentiated into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, showing reactivity not only for the typical neural markers, but also for specific AQPs in dependence from differentiated cell type. Our data revealed that at 28 days AT-MSCs express AQP1, astrocytes AQP1, 4 and 7, oligodendrocytes AQP1, 4 and 8, and finally neurons AQP1 and 7. In the Chapter III, we have examined the possible involvement of AQPs in a Parkinson s disease-like cell model. For this purpose, we used SH-SY5Y cell line, differentiated in dopaminergic neurons with retinoic acid (RA) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (MPA) alone or in association. The vulnerability to dopaminergic neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and H2O2 was evaluated and compared in all cell groups. We found that the vulnerability of cells was linked to dynamic changes of AQP4 and AQP9. The data described here provides fundamental insights on the biology of the human mesenchymal stem cells and significant evidences on the involvement of AQPs in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes. This suggests their possible application as markers, which may be helpful in diagnosing as well as in the understanding of neurodegenerative diseases for future therapeutic approaches.
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Joannides, Alexis. "Neural differentiation of human embryonic stem cells." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252121.

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Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are a potential source of defined cell types for studying early human development and application in regenerative medicine. Realising this potential requires a number of challenges to be overcome. The experimental findings reported represent a systematic approach in establishing controlled and standardised conditions for differentiating hESCs down the neural lineage, and characterising neural derivatives both in vitro and in vivo. Human embryonic stem cell cultures were established from two independently-derived liens, H9 and UES9. A novel, efficient method for propagating hESCs is described, avoiding the use of enzymatic products which may lead to karyotypic instability. Controlled neuroectodermal differentiation is demonstrated using a chemically defined system over a period of 16 days, and this process is shown to be dependent on endogenous fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling. Neural progenitors generated with this system are subsequently expanded for over 180 days and shown to retain neural stem cell (NSC) identity at the clonal level. Evidence is provided that hESC-derived NSCs follow a developmentally predictable timecourse of neurogenesis followed by gliogenesis, and their in vitro and in vivo behaviour is characterised with respect to temporal maturation and phenotypic potential.
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Eriksson, Malin. "Manipulating neural stem cells." Stockholm, 2010. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2010/978-91-7409-853-2/.

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Pan, Chendong. "Neural differentiation from human embryonal carcinoma stem cells." Thesis, Durham University, 2007. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2460/.

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It is understood that retinoic acid (RA), sonic hedgehog (Shh) and bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) play an important role in cell fate determination and the specification of inter-neurons and motor neurons along the dorsal-ventral axis in the neural tube. In this study, we investigated the function of these signalling molecules to instruct the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells to form specific neuronal subtypes. TERA2.cl.SP12 embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells are a robust caricature of human embryogenesis and an accepted model of neural differentiation. Gene and protein expression analyses using RT-PCR, western blotting and immunocytochemical techniques indicated that human EC cells respond to RA, BMPs and Shh in a conserved manner and regulate neural transcription factors and structural proteins in a predicted way as cells commit toward the motor neuron phenotype. To assess the function of these differentiated neurons, we tested their ability to innervate skeletal muscle myotubes and induce muscle cell contraction. Myotubes contracted only when cocultured with neurons. The number of contractile events increased significantly when cells differentiated into motor neurons were cocultured with myotubes compared to cocultures with cells that formed intemeurons. Staining for α-bungarotoxin showed positive staining in a pattern characteristic of boutons found in neuromuscular junctions. We also showed that muscle contraction could be manipulated pharmacologically: curare and atropine blocked myotube contraction, whereas acetylcholine and carbachol increased the number of contractile events. In other experiments, we have also shown that cells exposed to RA and Shh in conjunction with other growth factors over different time periods, preferentially form oligodendrocytes and/or interneurons. These results indicate it is feasible to control and direct the differentiation of human stem cells and produce specific neuron subtypes in vitro. Furthermore, this system acts as a useful model to investigate the molecular mechanisms and signalling pathways that control neural differentiation in man.
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Kennea, Nigel Leonard. "Neural differentiation of human fetal mesenchymal stem cells." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7409.

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The potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to differentiate into neural lineages has raised the possibility of autologous cell transplantation as therapy for neurological diseases. There are, however, no studies reporting significant numbers of oligodendrocytes, the myelinforming cells of the central nervous system, derived from MSC. We have recently identified a population of circulating human fetal MSC that are highly proliferative and readily differentiate into bone, cartilage, fat and muscle. I demonstrated for the first time that primary fetal MSC differentiate into cells resemblifl neural precursors and then oligodendrocytes both in vitro and in vivo. By exposing cells to a neuronal conditioned medium, rates of oligodendrocyte differentiation approaching 50% were observed, and cells appeared to mature appropriately in culture. Importantly, the differentiation of a clonal population into both mesodermal (bone) and ectodermal (oligodendrocyte) lineages was achieved. In the developing murine brain, cells integrated but oligodendrocyte differentiation of naiVe fetal MSC was very low. The proportion of oligodendrocyte differentiation was increased (from 0.2% to 4%) by pre-exposing the cells to differentiation medium prior to transplantation. The process of in vivo differentiation occurred without cell fusion. Although the main focus of this thesis was oligodendrocyte differentiation, I also recapitulated controversial published work into neuronal differentiation of MSC. The exposure of cells to the reducing agent butylated hydroxyanisole induced rapid changes in cell morphology and expression of neuronal markers. These 'differentiated' cells did not, however, appear functional with no upregulation of voltage-gated sodium channels or synaptophysin. Finally, while stem cells offer promise for correction of brain diseases, one major obstacle is the poor survival of grafted cells. Investigation of apoptotic signalling showed fetal MSC have functional apoptotic machinery in both the intrinsic (mitochondrial) and extrinsic (death receptor) pathways which could be manipulated to prolong stem cell survival by inhibition of death signalling.
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Erlandsson, Anna. "Neural Stem Cell Differentiation and Migration." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl.[distributör], 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3546.

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Hardy, Steven Allan. "Mesenchymal stem cells as trophic mediators of neural differentiation." Thesis, Durham University, 2010. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/524/.

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Intense excitement and optimism surrounds the rapidly-expanding field of stem cell research, owing to their high capacity for self-renewal and intrinsic ability to differentiate into mature cell lineages. Although it may be envisioned that embryonic stem cells will be of significantly greater therapeutic value than their adult stem cell counterparts, the use of embryonic stem cells is fraught with both technical and ethical challenges and, as such, significant impetus has been placed on adult stem cell-based research. In particular, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) present as exciting candidates for potential use in cellular therapies and tissue engineering strategies. MSCs are defined at the functional level in terms of their ability to differentiate into mesodermal derivatives such as bone and fat. However, this functional definition is evolving, and there is considerable evidence to suggest that MSCs have a key role within their niche involving the release and/or uptake of soluble factors and cytokines, significantly influencing the behaviour of other cell types within the niche. Both facets of MSC behaviour are valuable from a clinical perspective, and have been examined in the present thesis. The most obvious and realistically-achievable clinical application of MSCs at present is in the treatment of osseous and adipose tissue defects. However, before the use of MSCs in the clinic becomes more commonplace, it is crucial to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the complex molecular and cellular mechanism(s) by which MSCs commit to a given fate and undergo differentiation to produce mature, fully-functional derivatives. Much of our present knowledge is derived from studies performed on the highly unnatural, 2D environment of tissue culture plastic. The present study assessed the behaviour of MSCs cultured on AlvetexTM, a novel, 3D scaffold manufactured by ReInnervate, with particular emphasis on the ability of MSCs to undergo osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Results obtained suggest that AlvetexTM may provide a more realistic and physiologically-relevant system in which to study osteogenesis and adipogenesis, in a manner more pertinent to that which occurs in vivo. Furthermore, the ability of MSCs to influence the behaviour of other cell types via the release of trophic factors and cytokines was examined, with particular emphasis on the nervous system. An in vitro conditioned media model was developed in order to investigate the influence(s) of MSC-derived soluble factors/cytokines on neural development and plasticity, using the adult rat hippocampal progenitor cell (AHPC) line as a model system. Results obtained suggest that, under defined conditions, MSCs secreted a complement of soluble factors/cytokines that induce AHPCs to commit to and undergo astrogenesis. This effect was characterised at both the cellular and molecular level. The specific complement of bioactive factors secreted by MSCs has been investigated using a combination of targeted transcriptional profiling and shotgun proteomics, and several putative candidate factors have been identified for further investigation.
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Albertson, Roger Joseph. "Establishing asymmetry in Drosophila neural stem cells /." view abstract or download file of text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3112998.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-117). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Jones, Robert. "Proteomic analysis of neural differentiation in mouse embryonic stem cells." Thesis, Bangor University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412699.

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Books on the topic "Neural stem cells, Oligodendrocyte differentiation"

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E, Bottenstein Jane, ed. Neural stem cells: Development and transplantation. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003.

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Tanja, Zigova, Snyder Evan Y, and Sanberg Paul R, eds. Neural stem cells for brain and spinal cord repair. Totowa, N.J: Humana Press, 2003.

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Neil, Scolding, ed. Neural cell transplantation: Methods and protocols. New York: Humana, 2009.

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Davis, Sanberg Cyndy, and Sanberg Paul R, eds. Cell therapy, stem cells, and brain repair. Totowa, N.J: Humana Press, 2006.

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Davis, Sanberg Cyndy, and Sanberg Paul R, eds. Cell therapy for brain repair. Totowa, N.J: Humana Press, 2006.

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Bottenstein, Jane E. Neural Stem Cells: Development and Transplantation. Springer, 2013.

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Bottenstein, Jane E. Neural Stem Cells: Development and Transplantation. Springer London, Limited, 2007.

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Neural stem cells: Development and transplantation. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003.

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Bottenstein, Jane E. Neural Stem Cells: Development and Transplantation. Springer, 2003.

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Human Neural Stem Cells: From Generation to Differentiation and Application. Springer, 2018.

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Book chapters on the topic "Neural stem cells, Oligodendrocyte differentiation"

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Hyysalo, Anu, and Susanna Narkilahti. "Directed Differentiation of Human PSC into Oligodendrocytes." In Neural Stem Cell Assays, 111–18. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118308295.ch12.

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Castrén, Maija. "Neural Stem Cells." In Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation, 33–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21649-7_3.

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Magavi, Sanjay S., and Jeffrey D. Macklis. "Immunocytochemical Analysis of Neuronal Differentiation." In Neural Stem Cells, 345–52. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-133-8_26.

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Dottori, Mirella, and Martin F. Pera. "Neural Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells." In Neural Stem Cells, 19–30. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-133-8_3.

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Rao, Mahendra, and Nasir Malik. "Neural Differentiation from Pluripotent Stem Cells." In Stem Cells Handbook, 149–60. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7696-2_11.

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Daadi, Marcel M. "In Vitro Assays for Neural Stem Cell Differentiation: Induction of Dopaminergic Phenotype." In Neural Stem Cells, 205–12. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-133-8_17.

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Vemuri, Mohan C. "Neural Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells." In Neural Stem Cell Assays, 1–7. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118308295.ch1.

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Kim, Seung U., Atsushi Nagai, Eiji Nakagawa, Hyun B. Choi, Jung H. Bang, Hong J. Lee, Myung A. Lee, Yong B. Lee, and In H. Park. "Production and Characterization of Immortal Human Neural Stem Cell Line with Multipotent Differentiation Property." In Neural Stem Cells, 103–21. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-133-8_10.

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Pluchino, Stefano, Marco Bacigaluppi, Elena Brini, Erica Butti, Chiara Cossetti, Melania Cusimano, Lucia Zanotti, and Gianvito Martino. "The Neural Stem Cells." In Cell Cycle Regulation and Differentiation in Cardiovascular and Neural Systems, 71–78. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-153-0_4.

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Puri, Deepika, Shalmali Bivalkar-Mehla, and Deepa Subramanyam. "Autophagy in Embryonic Stem Cells and Neural Stem Cells." In Autophagy in Stem Cell Maintenance and Differentiation, 59–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17362-2_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Neural stem cells, Oligodendrocyte differentiation"

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Joshi, Ramila, and Hossein Tavana. "Microengineered embryonic stem cells niche to induce neural differentiation." In 2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2015.7319161.

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Lee, Y.-S., G. Collins, and T. Livingston Arinzeh. "Neural differentiation of human neural stem/progenitor cells on piezoelectric scaffolds." In 2010 36th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nebc.2010.5458264.

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Matsushiro, Yuki, Midori Kato-Negishi, and Hiroaki Onoe. "Differentiation of neural stem cells regulated by three-dimensional tissue shape." In 2017 19th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (TRANSDUCERS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/transducers.2017.7994044.

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Sasanuma, I., N. Suzuki, and K. Saito. "Rose essential oils stimulate neural differentiation and autophagy in stem cells." In 67th International Congress and Annual Meeting of the Society for Medicinal Plant and Natural Product Research (GA) in cooperation with the French Society of Pharmacognosy AFERP. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3400081.

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Joshi, Ramila, James Buchanan, and Hossein Tavana. "Colony size effect on neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells microprinted on stromal cells." In 2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7591646.

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Suzuki, Kei, Toshihiko Shiraishi, Shin Morishita, and Hiroshi Kanno. "Effects of Mechanical Vibration on Proliferation and Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-66831.

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Neural stem cells have been studied to promote neurogenesis in regenerative therapy. The control of differentiation of neural stem cells to nerve cells and the increase of the number of nerve cells are needed. For the purpose of them, it is important to investigate not only chemical factors but also mechanical factors such as hydrostatic pressure in brain and mechanical vibration in walking. In this study, sinusoidal inertia force was applied to cultured neural stem cells and the effects of mechanical vibration on the cells were investigated. After the cells were cultured in culture plates for one day and adhered on the cultured plane, vibrating group of the culture plates was set on an aluminum plate attached to an exciter and cultured under sinusoidal excitation for 24 hours a day during 26 days. The amplitude of the acceleration on the culture plate was set to 0.25 G and the frequency was set to 25 Hz. The time evolution of cell density was obtained by counting the number of cells at every 3 or 4 days. The expression of Akt, phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), MAPK, and phosphorylated MAPK (p-MAPK) was detected by western blotting analysis at 7 days of culture to understand the mechanism of cell proliferation. Akt and MAPK are part of signaling pathways in relation to cell proliferation. The phosphorylation of Akt suppresses apoptosis and the phosphorylation of MAPK activates cell division. The gene expression of MAP-2, NFH, GFAP, and nestin was detected by real-time RT-PCR analysis at 7 days of culture to obtain a ratio of differentiation of neural stem cells to nerve or glia cells. MAP-2 and NFH are nerve cell markers, GFAP is a glia cell marker, and nestin is a stem cell marker. The results obtained are as follows. The cell density of the vibrating group was three times higher than that of the non-vibrating group at 26 days of culture. p-Akt was enhanced by the mechanical vibration while p-MAPK was not. There is no significant difference of the gene expression level of MAP-2, NFH, GFAP, and nestin between the vibrating and non-vibrating groups. These results suggest that the mechanical vibration promotes the proliferation of neural stem cells and its cause is likely the suppression of apoptosis but not the activation of cell division, and that the mechanical vibration at the experimental condition does not affect the differentiation of neural stem cells to nerve or glia cells.
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Shiraishi, Toshihiko, Kei Suzuki, Shin Morishita, and Hiroshi Kanno. "Control of Apoptosis and Differentiation of Cultured Neural Stem Cells by Mechanical Vibration." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-11154.

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In this study, sinusoidal inertia force was applied to cultured neural stem cells and the effects of mechanical vibration on the cells were investigated. Neural stem cells which were obtained from the hippocampus of an adult Fischer rat were seeded in culture plates at the density of 2.5 × 105 cells/ml. After cells were cultured for one day and adhered on the cultured plate, vibration groups of the culture plates were set on the aluminum plate of the experimental setup and cultured under sinusoidal excitation in another CO2 incubator separated from non-vibration groups of the culture plates. Acceleration amplitude was set to 0.25 or 0.5 G and frequency was set to 12.5, 25, or 50 Hz. Time evolution of cell density was obtained by counting the number of cells with a hemocytometer. The expression of Akt, phosphorylated Akt, MAPK, and phosphorylated MAPK was detected by western blotting analysis to understand the mechanism of cell proliferation. Gene expression of MAP-2, neurofilament-H, GFAP, and nestin was detected by a real-time RT-PCR method to obtain a ratio of differentiation of neural stem cells to nerve or glia cells. The results to be obtained are as follows. The mechanical vibration at 25 Hz is most effective on cell proliferation of the present experimental conditions at 0.25 G. The enhancement of cell proliferation is probably caused by the suppression of apoptosis. The differentiation of the neural stem cells depends on acceleration amplitude and the mechanical vibration may maintain some properties of stem cells.
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Monteiro, Gary A., and David I. Shreiber. "Guiding Stem Cell Differentiation Into Neural Lineages With Tunable Collagen Biomaterials." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206752.

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The long-term objective of this research is to develop tunable collagen-based biomaterial scaffolds for directed stem cell differentiation into neural lineages to aid in CNS diseases and trauma. Type I collagen is a ubiquitous protein that provides mechanostructural and ligand-induced biochemical cues to cells that attach to the protein via integrin receptors. Previous studies have demonstrated that the mechanical properties of a substrate or tissue can be an important regulator of stem cell differentiation. For example, the mechanical properties polyacrylamide gels can be tuned to induce neural differentiation from stem cells [1, 2]. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cultured on ployacrylamide gels with low elastic modulus (0.1–1 kPa) resulted in a neural like population. MSCs on 10-fold stiffer matrices that mimic striated muscle elasticity (Emuscle ∼8–17 kPa) lead to spindle-shaped cells similar in shape to myoblasts. Still stiffer gels (25–40 kPa) resulted in osetoblast differentiation. Based on these observations, collagen gels may provide an ideal material for differentiation into neural lineages because of their low compliance.
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Liao, Yan-Sheng, Li Deng, Xiao-Qing Gao, and Chao-Xian Yang. "Three-dimensional Culture and Neural Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells on PLGA Scaffolds." In 2015 International Conference on Medicine and Biopharmaceutical. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814719810_0007.

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Liu, Chun, Seungik Baek, and Christina Chan. "The Complementary Effect of Mechanical and Chemical Stimuli on the Neural Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80131.

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), derived from bone marrow stroma, are a promising source for tissue repair and regeneration, due to their excellent abilities for proliferation and multipotent differentiation. While accumulated evidences during the past decade have shown that MSCs are able to differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myoblasts and adipocytes, more recent research suggest their potential in neuronal differentiation [1]. Chemical stimuli, including growth factors, hormones, and other regulatory molecules, are used traditionally to direct MSC differentiation. Our group has previously shown that the intracellular second messenger, cAMP, is able to initiate early phase neuron-like morphology changes and late phase neural differentiation in MSCs [2]. Studies using chemical stimuli alone, however, have shown limited success in differentiating MSCs to mature neurons, thereby suggesting other factors are necessary for this process. In recent years, interest has grown on the impact of mechanical stimulation, such as stiffness, surface topography, and mechanical stretching, on cell fate decision [3].
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