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Academic literature on the topic 'Neural forms'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Neural forms"

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Di Cesare, Giuseppe, Marzio Gerbella, and Giacomo Rizzolatti. "The neural bases of vitality forms." National Science Review 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 202–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwz187.

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Abstract Unlike emotions, which are short-lasting events accompanied by viscero-motor responses, vitality forms are continuous internal states that modulate the motor behaviors of individuals and are devoid of the autonomic modifications that characterize real emotions. Despite the importance of vitality forms in social life, only recently have neurophysiological studies been devoted to this issue. The first part of this review describes fMRI experiments, showing that the dorso-central insula is activated during the execution, the perception and the imagination of arm actions endowed with different vitality forms as well as during the hearing and the production of speech conveying vitality forms. In the second part, we address the means by which the dorso-central insula modulates the networks for controlling action execution and how the sensory and interoceptive information is conveyed to this insular sector. Finally, we present behavioral data showing the importance of vitality forms in social interactions.
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Ibarra, Oscar H., Andrei Păun, Gheorghe Păun, Alfonso Rodríguez-Patón, Petr Sosík, and Sara Woodworth. "Normal forms for spiking neural P systems." Theoretical Computer Science 372, no. 2-3 (March 2007): 196–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2006.11.025.

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Grossberg, Stephen. "Filling-in the forms." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 21, no. 6 (December 1998): 758–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x98341758.

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Boundary completion and surface filling-in are computationally complementary processes whose multiple processing stages form processing streams that realize a hierarchical resolution of uncertainty. Such complementarity and uncertainty principles provide a new foundation for philosophical discussions about visual perception, and lead to neural explanations of difficult perceptual data.
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Morgan, Peter, Bruce Curry, and Malcolm Beynon. "Comparing neural network approximations for different functional forms." Expert Systems 16, no. 2 (May 1999): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00096.

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Lai, Tzu-Hsien, Ekaterina Protsenko, Yu-Chen Cheng, Marco L. Loggia, Gianluca Coppola, and Wei-Ta Chen. "Neural Plasticity in Common Forms of Chronic Headaches." Neural Plasticity 2015 (2015): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/205985.

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Headaches are universal experiences and among the most common disorders. While headache may be physiological in the acute setting, it can become a pathological and persistent condition. The mechanisms underlying the transition from episodic to chronic pain have been the subject of intense study. Using physiological and imaging methods, researchers have identified a number of different forms of neural plasticity associated with migraine and other headaches, including peripheral and central sensitization, and alterations in the endogenous mechanisms of pain modulation. While these changes have been proposed to contribute to headache and pain chronification, some findings are likely the results of repetitive noxious stimulation, such as atrophy of brain areas involved in pain perception and modulation. In this review, we provide a narrative overview of recent advances on the neuroimaging, electrophysiological and genetic aspects of neural plasticity associated with the most common forms of chronic headaches, including migraine, cluster headache, tension-type headache, and medication overuse headache.
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Michaelides, Panayotis G., Angelos T. Vouldis, and Efthymios G. Tsionas. "Globally flexible functional forms: The neural distance function." European Journal of Operational Research 206, no. 2 (October 2010): 456–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2010.02.013.

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Schneidereit, Toni, and Michael Breuß. "Collocation polynomial neural forms and domain fragmentation for solving initial value problems." Neural Computing and Applications 34, no. 9 (December 27, 2021): 7141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00521-021-06860-4.

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AbstractSeveral neural network approaches for solving differential equations employ trial solutions with a feedforward neural network. There are different means to incorporate the trial solution in the construction, for instance, one may include them directly in the cost function. Used within the corresponding neural network, the trial solutions define the so-called neural form. Such neural forms represent general, flexible tools by which one may solve various differential equations. In this article, we consider time-dependent initial value problems, which require to set up the neural form framework adequately. The neural forms presented up to now in the literature for such a setting can be considered as first-order polynomials. In this work, we propose to extend the polynomial order of the neural forms. The novel collocation-type construction includes several feedforward neural networks, one for each order. Additionally, we propose the fragmentation of the computational domain into subdomains. The neural forms are solved on each subdomain, whereas the interfacing grid points overlap in order to provide initial values over the whole fragmentation. We illustrate in experiments that the combination of collocation neural forms of higher order and the domain fragmentation allows to solve initial value problems over large domains with high accuracy and reliability.
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Buchelnikov, М. А., М. U. Sidorova, О. V. Spirenkova, and М. Е. Nikulina. "Use of artificial neural networks for recognizing cannel forms." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 4 (May 18, 2022): 148–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2022-4-148-151.

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The possibilities of using artificial neural networks to solve some hydrological problems are considered. The description of the algorithm of the artificial neural network for recognizing the types of river rifts is given.
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Sazonova, N. G., T. A. Makarenko, and A. N. Narkevich. "Predicting various forms of endometriosis using artificial neural networks." Siberian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine 35, no. 4 (December 25, 2020): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.29001/2073-8552-2020-35-4-143-149.

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Introduction. Endometriosis is a difficult-to-diagnose pathology due to the diversity of clinical manifestations and the lack of high-precision markers necessary for rapid noninvasive diagnosis and timely administration of pathogenetically justified treatment.The aim of this work was to develop a computer system that allows us to assess the probability of endometriosis with various localizations in women, based on artificial neural networks.Material and Methods. The neural network mathematical models were constructed and tested based on data from 110 patients with morphologically pre-confirmed endometriosis. Patients were divided into training and test samples. The models were built based on anamnestic data and results of proteomic and enzyme immunoassays in blood plasma samples.Results and Discussion. In the course of the study, four mathematical models of neural networks were constructed to predict the presence or absence of endometriosis in a woman and its localization if present. Based on these mathematical models, a computer system “Differential diagnosis of endometriosis” was developed. This system allowed to assess the probability and localization of endometriosis in a patient based on parameters obtained as a result of neural network training.Conclusion. The developed computer diagnostic system allowed predicting the presence of endometriosis and its localization with a probability over 80%, depending on the predicted localization, based on data about the patient and the results of her examination. This system may be used for differential diagnosis of endometriosis from other diseases of the female reproductive system, as well as for differential diagnosis of various endometriosis localizations.
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Cohen, J. R., and R. A. Poldrack. "The Neural Correlates of Multiple Forms of Self-Control." NeuroImage 47 (July 2009): S178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1053-8119(09)71941-x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Neural forms"

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Bonham, James Robert. "A study of molecular forms of the cholinesterases with particular reference to Hirschsprung's disease and neural tube defects." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/545.

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Acetylcholinesterase [ACNE) and butyrylcholinesterase [EChE) were studied in amniotic fluid in relation to the detection of neural tube defects CNTD), and in rectal tissue in the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease. An automated assay is described for measurement of AChE and BChE activity in amniotic Fluid, and an increase in both is found in the presence of NTD. Analysis of AChE molecular forms by sucrose density sedimentation revealed three species with differing sedimentation coefficients and molecular masses: monomeric G1[4. OS, 78KOa), dimeric G2[5.5S, 126KOa) and tetrameric G4(10.35,256KDa). The tetramer, G4 is NTD specific and is largely responsible for the increase in activity seen in the quantitative assessment of'total AChE and for the abnormal band identifiable by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in pregnancies affected by NTO. Evidence is presented which indicates that G4 is a soluble species secreted from nerve trunks exposed as a result of the lesion. SChE activity, the likely source of which is fetal plasma is shown to be a less specific indicator of NTD. These results represent the first description of the structural molecular heterogeneity of AChE and SChE forms in amniotic fluid. AChE activity was measured in rectal biopsy specimens from 213 patients in whom a diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease was suspected. The results from this, the largest study so far reported, indicate the value of AChE measurement in the detection of the disease. The molecular forms of AChE and SChE were investigated in resected bowel segments from patients with Hirschsprung's disease. Four species of AChE were identified: G1[3.55,74KOa), G2[S. OS, 131KDa), 64(9.23,275KOa] and the asymmetric form A12(16.83,811KDa). In all cases there was an increase (4-14 fold] in G4-AChE activity in the aganglionic cola-rectum. The evidence indicates that this is derived from hypertrophied nerve trunks present in the affected zone. The increase in G4-AChE was largely responsible for the increase in total AChE activity in rectal biopsy specimens from patients with Hirschsprung's disease. BChE molecular forms showed no consistent changes in Hirschsprung's disease. Characterisation of the molecular forms of AChE by gel filtration and with respect to their thermal stability, sensitivity to Triton X-100 and response to substrate inhibition is also investigated.
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Hussaini, Syed Abid [Verfasser]. "Complex forms of learning in honeybees: a behavioral and neural analysis & Sleep in honeybees: its role in learning and memory / Syed Abid Hussaini." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1022940260/34.

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Daniel-Weiner, Reka Verfasser], and Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] [Pollmann. "The influence of different forms of outcome information on the neural substrates of the acquisition and representation of categories / Reka Daniel-Weiner. Betreuer: Stefan Pollmann." Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1053914008/34.

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Chaibva, Faith Anesu. "The use of response surface methodology and artificial neural networks for the establishment of a design space for a sustained release salbutamol sulphate formulation." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1010432.

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Quality by Design (QbD) is a systematic approach that has been recommended as suitable for the development of quality pharmaceutical products. The QbD approach commences with the definition of a quality target drug profile and predetermined objectives that are then used to direct the formulation development process with an emphasis on understanding the pharmaceutical science and manufacturing principles that apply to a product. The design space is directly linked to the use of QbD for formulation development and is a multidimensional combination and interaction of input variables and process parameters that have been demonstrated to provide an assurance of quality. The objective of these studies was to apply the principles of QbD as a framework for the optimisation of a sustained release (SR) formulation of salbutamol sulphate (SBS), and for the establishment of a design space using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). SBS is a short-acting ♭₂ agonist that is used for the management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The use of a SR formulation of SBS may provide clinical benefits in the management of these respiratory disorders. Ashtalin®8 ER (Cipla Ltd., Mumbai, Maharashtra, India) was selected as a reference formulation for use in these studies. An Ishikawa or Cause and Effect diagram was used to determine the impact of formulation and process factors that have the potential to affect product quality. Key areas of concern that must be monitored include the raw materials, the manufacturing equipment and processes, and the analytical and assessment methods employed. The conditions in the laboratory and manufacturing processes were carefully monitored and recorded for any deviation from protocol, and equipment for assessment of dosage form performance, including dissolution equipment, balances and hardness testers, underwent regular maintenance. Preliminary studies to assess the potential utility of Methocel® Kl OOM, alone and in combination with other matrix forming polymers, revealed that the combination of this polymer with xanthan gum and Carbopol® has the potential to modulate the release of SBS at a specific rate, for a period of 12 hr. A central composite design using Methocel® KlOOM, xanthan gum, Carbopol® 974P and Surelease® as the granulating fluid was constructed to fully evaluate the impact of these formulation variables on the rate and extent of SBS release from manufactured formulations. The results revealed that although Methocel® KlOOM and xanthan gum had the greatest retardant effect on drug release, interactions between the polymers used in the study were also important determinants of the measureable responses. An ANN model was trained for optimisation using the data generated from a central composite study. The efficiency of the network was optimised by assessing the impact of the number of nodes in the hidden layer using a three layer Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP). The results revealed that a network with nine nodes in the hidden layer had the best predictive ability, suitable for application to formulation optimisation studies. Pharmaceutical optimisation was conducted using both the RSM and the trained ANN models. The results from the two optimisation procedures yielded two different formulation compositions that were subjected to in vitro dissolution testing using USP Apparatus 3. The results revealed that, although the formulation compositions that were derived from the optimisation procedures were different, both solutions gave reproducible results for which the dissolution profiles were indeed similar to that of the reference formulation. RSM and ANN were further investigated as possible means of establishing a design space for formulation compositions that would result in dosage forms that have similar in vitro release test profiles comparable to the reference product. Constraint plots were used to determine the bounds of the formulation variables that would result in the manufacture of dosage forms with the desired release profile. ANN simulations with hypothetical formulations that were generated within a small region of the experimental domain were investigated as a means of understanding the impact of varying the composition of the formulation on resultant dissolution profiles. Although both methods were suitable for the establishment of a design space, the use of ANN may be better suited for this purpose because of the manner in which ANN handles data. As more information about the behaviour of a formulation and its processes is generated during the product Iifecycle, ANN may be used to evaluate the impact of formulation and process variables on measureable responses. It is recommended that ANN may be suitable for the optimisation of pharmaceutical formulations and establishment of a design space in line with ICH Pharmaceutical Development [1], Quality Risk Management [2] and Pharmaceutical Quality Systems [3]
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Erpen, Luis Renato Cruz. "Reconhecimento de padrões em imagens por descritores de forma." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/27662.

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A idéia de capacitar uma máquina a reconhecer o ambiente em que atua tem motivado pesquisadores a investir esforços no estudo do mais complexo dos sentidos humanos, a visão. A visão é, antes de tudo, uma tarefa de representação e processamento de informações, sendo portanto adequada ao tratamento computacional. Visto que ainda não se possuem métodos que tenham resultados equivalentes ao que seria obtido com um usuário humano, tem-se estudado intensamente a utilização de feições para um melhor aproveitamento de seu potencial. Dentre estas feições, a forma de um objeto proporciona um poderoso indício de sua identidade e funcionalidade, podendo ser utilizada para seu reconhecimento. Isso distingue a forma de outras feições visuais elementares, como a cor, o movimento ou a textura, que, apesar de igualmente importantes, normalmente não revelam a identidade de um objeto. Assim sendo, a possibilidade de avaliar a robustez e a estabilidade de técnicas alternativas para a representação de forma é vital para prever o desempenho de cada técnica na presença de alguma incerteza ou discrepância. Neste trabalho, alguns descritores de forma descritos na literatura foram implementados e utilizados em estudos de caso para avaliar sua eficácia. Estes estudos de caso foram realizados utilizando-se caracteres, todavia, com finalidades bastante distintas. O primeiro estudo de caso é voltado para aplicações como a robótica móvel, com reconhecimento de comandos localizados no ambiente por parte do robô. Já o estudo de caso principal está direcionado para aplicações de reconhecimento de placas de automóveis, que poderia tanto ser utilizado para monitoramento e controle do fluxo de trânsito, quanto para controle de infrações. Muitas aplicações, incluindo aquelas que envolvem a recuperação e indexação de objetos visuais, são apropriadas para a utilização de feições de forma. Outra característica importante do presente trabalho é a de realçar que a seleção de um bom descritor reduz o esforço necessário na etapa de classificação, o qual é computacionalmente elevado.
The idea of enabling a machine to recognize the environment with which it interacts has motivated researchers to dedicate efforts in studying the most complex of the human senses: vision. Vision is essentially a task of information representation and processing, what makes it suitable for computational treatment. Given that currently there are no methods that perform equivalently to humans, the use of features has been intensively studied in order to improve the performance of the existing methods. Among these features, the shape of an object provides a powerful sign of its identity and functionality, what enables the exploitation of this feature with the purpose of recognition. This evidence distinguishes shape from other visual features, such as color, motion or texture, which, although equally important, normally do not reveal the identity of an object. As a result, the possibility of evaluating the robustness and stability of alternate techniques for shape representation is essential in order to measure the performance of each technique in the presence of uncertainty. In this work, some shape descriptors available in the literature were implemented and used in case studies aiming at evaluating their effectiveness. These case studies were carried out using characters, although, with very different purposes. The first case study is geared towards applications such as mobile robotics, where the robot recognizes commands available in the environment. The main case study is focused on applications of license plate recognition, which could be used both in situations of surveillance and traffic control and in situations of infraction. Many applications, including those that involve the search and indexing of visual objects, are suited for the use of shape features. Another important characteristic of this work is that it emphasizes that the selection of a good shape description reduces the effort during the classification step, which is computationally elevated.
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Osher, David Eugene. "Function follows form : how connectivity patterns govern neural responses." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81731.

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Thesis (Ph. D. in Neuroscience)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 2013.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Connectivity restricts and defines the information that a network can process. It is the substance of information processing that underlies the patterns of functional activity in the brain. By combining diffusion-weighted imaging or DWI, with fMRI, we are able to non-invasively measure connectivity and neural responses in the same individuals and directly relate these two measures to one another. In Chapter 2, I first establish the proof-of-principle that anatomical connectivity alone can predict neural responses in cortex, specifically of face-selectivity in the fusiform gyrus. I then extend this novel approach to the rest of the brain and test whether connectivity can accurately predict neural responses to various visual categories in Chapter 3. Finally, in Chapter 4, I compare and contrast the resulting models, which are essentially networks of connectivity that are functionally-relevant to each visual category, and demonstrate the type of knowledge that can be uncovered by directly integrating structure and function.
by David Eugene Osher.
Ph.D.in Neuroscience
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Staves, Daniel Robert. "Associative CAD References in the Neutral Parametric Canonical Form." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6222.

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Due to the multiplicity of computer-aided engineering applications present in industry today, interoperability between programs has become increasingly important. A survey conducted among top engineering companies found that 82% of respondents reported using 3 or more CAD formats during the design process. A 1999 study by the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) estimated that inadequate interoperability between the OEM and its suppliers cost the US automotive industry over $1 billion per year, with the majority spent fixing data after translations. The Neutral Parametric Canonical Form (NPCF) prototype standard developed by the NSF Center for e-Design, BYU Site offers a solution to the translation problem by storing feature data in a CAD-neutral format to offer higher-fidelity parametric transfer between CAD systems. This research has focused on expanding the definitions of the NPCF to enforce data integrity and to support associativity between features to preserved design intent through the neutralization process. The NPCF data structure schema was defined to support associativity while maintaining data integrity. Neutral definitions of new features was added including multiple types of coordinate systems, planes and axes. Previously defined neutral features were expanded to support new functionality and the software architecture was redefined to support new CAD systems. Complex models have successfully been created and exchanged by multiple people in real-time to validated the approach of preserving associativity and support for a new CAD system, PTC Creo, was added.
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Tomaselli, Pedro José. "Hanseníase forma neural pura: aspectos clínicos e eletroneuromiográficos dos pacientes avaliados no serviço de doenças neuromusculares do HCRP da USP no período de março de 2001 a março de 2013." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17140/tde-13072014-130102/.

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Introdução: A hanseníase é a principal causa infecciosa de neuropatia periférica e consequentes incapacidades em todo o mundo. Seu diagnóstico, na maioria das vezes é simples, especialmente quando as clássicas lesões cutâneas estão presentes. No entanto, alguns pacientes apresentam apenas envolvimento neural (forma neural pura - PNL) transformando o seu diagnóstico em um grande desafio. Nesses casos, mesmo quando essa possibilidade é aventada, sua confirmação pode ser extremamente difícil e muitos pacientes só serão corretamente diagnosticados tardiamente, quando uma neuropatia grave e irreversível já está estabelecida. Objetivos: Analisar as características de uma série de pacientes com diagnóstico definitivo ou provável de PNL seguidos no setor de doenças neuromusculares e dermatologia no HCRP em um período de 12 anos e reconhecer o padrão de apresentação mais frequente, suas manifestações clínicas e o padrão eletroneuromiográfico. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, observacional, cujos critérios de inclusão foram: evidência clínica de comprometimento de nervos periféricos na ausência de lesões de pele. O diagnóstico definitivo foi estabelecido quando o Mycobacterium leprae foi identificado na biópsia de nervo, e provável quando um quadro clínico sugestivo foi associado a pelo menos um dos seguintes: anti PGL1 positivo, padrão sugestivo na biópsia (neurite granulomatosa epitelióide, infiltrado linfomomononuclear, fibrose) e/ou padrão eletroneuromiográfico sugestivo. Para avaliar a importância da duração da doença na apresentação clínica, foram considerados dois grupos de acordo com o tempo da doença, 12 meses ou menos (grupo 1) e mais de 12 meses (grupo 2). Foram comparados os sinais, os sintomas, a gravidade da doença e o padrão da EMG para delinear o quadro de apresentação. Resultados: Dos 34 pacientes incluídos no estudo, 7 tinham diagnóstico definitivo e 24 diagnóstico provável. Os sintomas de início mais frequentes foram alterações sensitivas (91,2%), em 70,6% dos casos iniciaram nos membros superiores, sendo o nervo ulnar o local mais frequente. O padrão de distribuição intradérmico exclusivo foi observado apenas no grupo 1. A alteração da sensibilidade vibratória (p=0,07), a presença de alterações motoras (p=0,03) e hipo ou areflexia em 1 ou mais nervos (p=0,03) foram mais frequentemente observadas no grupo 2. Os nervos sensitivos mais frequentemente envolvidos foram o ulnar e fibular superficial. O nervo motor mais frequentemente afetado foi o ulnar. O padrão eletroneuromiográfico mais frequente foi de uma neuropatia sensitivo motora assimétrica com reduções focais da velocidade de condução e franco predomínio sensitivo. Conclusões: A PNL se apresenta invariavelmente de maneira assimétrica e com franco predomínio sensitivo. Na maioria das vezes o início ocorre nos membros superiores, especificamente no território do nervo ulnar. Há uma predisposição ao acometimento das fibras finas nos estágios iniciais e com a evolução da doença as fibras grossas passam a também serem afetadas. Os nervos sensitivos mais frequentemente envolvidos são o ulnar seguido pelo fibular superficial.
Backgrounds: Leprosy is the main infectious cause of peripheral neuropathy and disabilities in the world. Its diagnosis is straightforward when the classical skin lesions are present. However, some patients present only neural involvement (pure neural form-PNL) turning its diagnosis on a great challenge. Additionally, even when this possibility is suspected, confirmation may be extremely difficult and many patients are only correctly diagnosed late on the clinical course of the disease when a severe and irreversible neuropathy is already established. Objectives: To review the characteristics of a series of PNL patients followed in our institution in the last 12 years and recognize the clinical manifestations. Methods: Inclusion criteria: Clinical evidence of peripheral nerve impairment with no skin lesions. PNL diagnose were classified as definitive when the Mycobacterium leprae was identified under nerve biopsy, and probable when a suggestive clinical picture was associated to at least one of the following: positive anti PGL1, suggestive pattern biopsy represented by the presence of epithelioid granulomatous neuritis, mononuclear cell endoneuritis and fibrose and/or an EMG pattern showing a predominantly sensory mononeuritis multiplex pattern. Exclusion criteria: Two patients were excluded because of associated diabetes mellitus, one because had CMT1A and another had HNPP. To evaluate the importance of disease duration in clinical presentation, we considered two groups according to the time course, first that disease duration of 12 or fewer months (group 1) and those with disease duration over 12 months (group 2). Results: We reviewed 34 patients with PNL, including 7 with a definite and 24 with probable diagnosis. The most common onset symptoms were sensory (91.2 %), in 70.6 % of cases symptoms started in the upper limbs, the ulnar nerve being the most frequent site. Intradermal pattern was observed only in group 1. Vibration was altered more frequent in group 2 (p=0.07), the presence of motor abnormalities (p = 0.03) and deep tendon reflexes reduced or absent in 1 or more nerves (p = 0.03) were more frequently observed in group 2. Sensory nerves most frequently involved were the ulnar and superficial peroneal. The motor nerve most often affected was the ulnar. The most frequent EMG pattern was an asymmetrical sensory and motor neuropathy with focal slowing of conduction velocity. Conclusions: PNL is an asymmetrical sensory or sensory motor neuropathy. Upper limbs are most frequent affected with frequent ulnar nerve territory involvement. Small fibers seem to be affected at early stages. Larger fibers are affected with disease progression. It is unclear whether the PNL represents a stage prior to the appearance of typical skin lesions or whether it represents a different and more aggressive leprosy type. Phenotype characterization from early signs and symptoms its a powerful tool to PNL early diagnosis.
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Marangoni, André Luis 1976. "Pão de forma "zero trans" : estudo do efeito de diferentes óleos e gorduras na qualidade tecnológica dos pães." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256010.

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Orientador: Caroline Joy Steel
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T06:50:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marangoni_AndreLuis_D.pdf: 1214013 bytes, checksum: a252edf1c913d6c97e6f9530017bb9cd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: A interesterificação é uma ferramenta fundamental para o desenvolvimento de gorduras "zero trans"; entretanto, comparada ao processo de hidrogenação, esta apresenta limitações, sobretudo no desenvolvimento de gorduras para uso em panificação. De acordo com a literatura, na produção de pão de forma, a gordura exerce diversas funções, como a lubrificação e o aumento da extensibilidade da massa, e o aumento do volume e do sabor do pão. A gordura afeta a textura, mantendo os pães macios por mais tempo; isto se deve possivelmente à sua interação com o amido da farinha, retardando o processo de retrogradação e, assim, estendendo a vida de prateleira do pão. O objetivo deste trabalho foi aplicar a tecnologia de Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNA) na formulação de gorduras "zero trans" à base de óleo de soja e gorduras interesterificadas de soja para facilitar o processo de formulação por blending, específicas para produtos de panificação, e determinar a influência das mesmas na qualidade dos pães de forma e nas interações entre as gorduras e o amido da farinha. Para tanto, foram produzidos pré-misturas e pães de forma com a adição de 4% de gordura. Como padrões, foram utilizadas gorduras comerciais, hidrogenada (GHS) e low trans (GLT), além de óleo de soja (OLS). Também foram utilizados os blends de gordura formulados através da RNA (BL1, BL2, BL3 e BL4). Para efeito de controle, foi produzido um pão sem adição de gordura (C). A análise farinográfica mostrou que a absorção de água (ABS) da farinha de trigo pura (59,0%) foi em média 6,5% maior que a das pré-misturas adicionadas de gordura. O tempo de desenvolvimento (Td) foi menor para as amostras GHS, GLT e BL4. A extensografia mostrou que, dentre todas as amostras, a BL4 foi a mais resistente (980 UE) e a menos extensível (114 mm). Isto provavelmente ocorreu devido ao menor teor de óleo de soja em sua constituição (54%), o que pode ter contribuído para uma massa de maior consistência. A análise dos pães produzidos revelou que apenas os volumes específicos das amostras OLS (3,46 mL/g) e BL4 (4,07 mL/g) diferiram significativamente entre si. A análise de firmeza dos pães mostrou que ao longo da estocagem houve diferença significativa entre a firmeza dos pães com gordura e a amostra controle (1005,75 gf), sendo este valor 13% superior ao da amostra GHS - a mais firme dentre os pães com adição de gordura. A uniformidade do miolo foi maior com a utilização de gordura. Nos pães controle (C), a porosidade (26,73%) foi quase 3 vezes superior ao das amostras com a adição dos blends. Os miolos dos pães BL1, BL2, BL3 e BL4 apresentaram alvéolos pequenos e espalhados mais uniformemente, quando comparados aos pães C, GHS, GLT e OLS. Quanto à umidade, os pães com gordura apresentaram um menor teor em relação ao da amostra controle (35%), pois as suas massas absorveram menos água durante a mistura. A análise térmica através de DSC sugeriu um efeito da gordura sobre o envelhecimento dos pães, uma vez que as variações de entalpia de retrogradação foram menores para os pães com gorduras. Os blends de gordura desenvolvidos usando a RNA e aqui utilizados, além do baixo teor de ácidos graxos trans (1,18% em média), apresentaram-se viáveis para aplicação em panificação, sobretudo o BL4
Abstract: Interesterification is a fundamental tool in the development of "zero trans" fats; however, when compared to the hydrogenation process, it presents limitations, especially when developing shortenings for bakery products. According to literature, in the production of pan bread, fat has several functions, such as lubrication and an increase in dough extensibility, and an increase in bread volume and flavor. Fat affects texture, maintaining breads soft for a longer period of time; this is possibly due to its interaction with starch in flour, retarding the retrogradation process and, thus, extending bread shelf-life. The aim of this study was to apply Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technology in the formulation of "zero trans" fats based on soybean oil and soybean interesterified fats to ease the formulation process through blending, for use in bakery products, and determine their influence on the quality of pan bread and on their interaction with starch in flour. For this, pre-mixes and breads with the addition of 4% fat were produced. As standards, commercial fats (hydrogenated soybean fat ¿ GHS and low trans fat ¿ GLT) were used, as well as soybean oil (OLS). The fat blends formulated using the ANN (BL1, BL2, BL3 e BL4) were also used. As control (C), bread without fat addition was prepared. The farinographic analysis showed that water absorption (ABS) of pure wheat flour (59.0%) was in average 6.5% higher than that of the pre-mixes of flour and fats. Dough development time (Td) was lower for the samples GHS, GLT and BL4. The extensographic analysis showed that, amongst all samples, BL4 showed the highest resistance to extension (980 EU) and the lowest extensibility (114 mm). This probably occurred due to the lower soybean oil content in its constitution (54%) that could have contributed to a more consistent dough. The analysis of the breads produced revealed that only the specific volumes of the samples OLS (3.46 mL/g) and BL4 (4.07 mL/g) differed significantly. Firmness analysis of breads showed that throughout the storage period studied there was a significant difference between the firmness of the breads with fats and the control sample (1005.75 gf), being this value 13% higher than that of GHS ¿ the firmest amongst samples with fat. Crumb uniformity was greater with the use of fat. In the control breads (C), porosity (26.73%) was almost 3 times greater than that of the samples with the addition of the blends. The crumbs of breads BL1, BL2, BL3 and BL4 presented small and more uniformly distributed alveoli, when compared to breads C, GHS, GLT and OLS. As to moisture content, breads with fat presented lower values when compared to the control sample (35%), as their doughs absorbed less water during mixing. Thermal analysis through DSC suggested an effect of fat on bread staling, once retrogradation enthalpy changes were lower for breads with fats. The fat blends developed using the ANN and used in this study, as well as having a low trans fatty acid content (1.18% in average), showed feasibility for application in pan bread, especially BL4
Doutorado
Tecnologia de Alimentos
Doutor em Tecnologia de Alimentos
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Awano, Tomoyuki. "Three mutations that cause fifferent [i.e. different] forms of canine neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4592.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.
Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on December 22, 2006). The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. "May 2006" Includes bibliographical references.
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Books on the topic "Neural forms"

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Pattern recognition and neural networks. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.

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Neural networks for pattern recognition. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995.

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Chandler, Steve. 100 formas para automotivarse. México, D.F: Diana, 2003.

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service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. Circuits in the Brain: A Model of Shape Processing in the Primary Visual Cortex. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag New York, 2009.

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H, Haken, and International Workshop on "Neural and Synergetic Computers (1988 : Schloss Elmau, Bavaria), eds. Neural and synergetic computers: Proceedings of the International Symposium at Schloss Elmau, Bavaria, June 13-17, 1988. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1988.

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Savin, Cristina, Matthieu Gilson, and Friedemann Zenke, eds. Emergent Neural Computation from the Interaction of Different Forms of Plasticity. Frontiers Media SA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88919-788-0.

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Fox, Kieran C. R. Neural Origins of Self-Generated Thought. Edited by Kalina Christoff and Kieran C. R. Fox. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464745.013.1.

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Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has begun to narrow down the neural correlates of self-generated forms of thought, with current evidence pointing toward central roles for the default, frontoparietal, and visual networks. Recent work has linked the arising of thoughts more specifically to default network activity, but the limited temporal resolution of fMRI has precluded more detailed conclusions about where in the brain self-created mental content is generated and how this is achieved. This chapter argues that the unparalleled spatiotemporal resolution of intracranial electrophysiology (iEEG) in human epilepsy patients can begin to provide answers to questions about the specific neural origins of self-generated thought. The chapter reviews the extensive body of literature from iEEG studies over the past few decades and shows that many studies involving passive recording or direct electrical stimulation throughout the brain point to the medial temporal lobe as a key site of thought-generation.
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Douglas, Thomas. Neural and Environmental Modulation of Motivation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198758617.003.0012.

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Interventions that modify a person’s motivations through chemically or physically influencing the brain seem morally objectionable, at least when they are performed nonconsensually. This chapter raises a puzzle for attempts to explain their objectionability. It first seeks to show that the objectionability of such interventions must be explained at least in part by reference to the sort of mental interference that they involve. It then argues that it is difficult to furnish an explanation of this sort. The difficulty is that these interventions seem no more objectionable, in terms of the kind of mental interference that they involve, than certain forms of environmental influence that many would regard as morally innocuous. The argument proceeds by comparing a particular neurointervention with a comparable environmental intervention. The author argues, first, that the two dominant explanations for the objectionability of the neurointervention apply equally to the environmental intervention, and second, that the descriptive difference between the environmental intervention and the neurointervention that most plausibly grounds the putative moral difference in fact fails to do so. The author concludes by presenting a trilemma that falls out of the argument.
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Fox, Kieran C. R., and Manesh Girn. Neural Correlates of Self-Generated Imagery and Cognition Throughout the Sleep Cycle. Edited by Kalina Christoff and Kieran C. R. Fox. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464745.013.16.

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Humans have been aware for thousands of years that sleep comes in many forms, accompanied by different kinds of mental content. This chapter reviews the first-person report literature on the frequency and type of content experienced in various stages of sleep, showing that different sleep stages are dissociable at the subjective level. It then relates these subjective differences to the growing literature differentiating the various sleep stages at the neurophysiological level, including evidence from electrophysiology, neurochemistry, and functional neuroimaging. The authors suggest that there is emerging evidence for relationships between sleep stage, neurophysiological activity, and subjective experiences. Specifically, they emphasize that functional neuroimaging work suggests a parallel between activation and deactivation of default network and visual network brain areas and the varying frequency and intensity of imagery and dream mentation across sleep stages; additionally, frontoparietal control network activity across sleep stages may parallel levels of cognitive control and meta-awareness.
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Mason, Peggy. Developmental Overview of Central Neuroanatomy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190237493.003.0003.

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The central nervous system develops from a proliferating tube of cells and retains a tubular organization in the adult spinal cord and brain, including the forebrain. Failure of the neural tube to close at the front is lethal, whereas failure to close the tube at the back end produces spina bifida, a serious neural tube defect. Swellings in the neural tube develop into the hindbrain, midbrain, diencephalon, and telencephalon. The diencephalon sends an outpouching out of the cranium to form the retina, providing an accessible window onto the brain. The dorsal telencephalon forms the cerebral cortex, which in humans is enormously expanded by growth in every direction. Running through the embryonic neural tube is an internal lumen that becomes the cerebrospinal fluid–containing ventricular system. The effects of damage to the spinal cord and forebrain are compared with respect to impact on self and potential for improvement.
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Book chapters on the topic "Neural forms"

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Schneidereit, Toni, and Michael Breuß. "Polynomial Neural Forms Using Feedforward Neural Networks for Solving Differential Equations." In Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing, 236–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87986-0_21.

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Wang, DeLiang. "Unifying Two Forms of Memory: A Neural Model." In Computation in Neurons and Neural Systems, 281–86. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2714-5_45.

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Graham, Bruce. "Multiple Forms of Activity-Dependent Plasticity Enhance Information Transfer at a Dynamic Synapse." In Artificial Neural Networks — ICANN 2002, 45–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46084-5_8.

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Timmers, Kim, Nancy R. Voyles, Clifford King, Michael Wells, Richard Fairtile, and Lillian Recant. "Rat Islet Endocrine Cells Contain Metand Leu-Enkephalins in High- and Low-Molecular-Weight Forms." In Neural and Endocrine Peptides and Receptors, 581–98. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5152-8_40.

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Liu, Lei, Zhanshan Wang, Jinhai Liu, and Zhenwei Liu. "Neural-Network-Based Adaptive Fault Estimation for a Class of Interconnected Nonlinear System with Triangular Forms." In Advances in Neural Networks – ISNN 2014, 110–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12436-0_13.

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Nicoll, Roger A., and Robert A. Zalutsky. "Contrasting properties of NMDA-dependent and NMDA-independent forms of LTP in hippocampal pyramidal cells." In Neuroscience: From Neural Networks to Artificial Intelligence, 298–311. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78102-5_17.

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Wu, Shan, Bo Chen, Xianpei Han, and Le Sun. "Data Synthesis and Iterative Refinement for Neural Semantic Parsing without Annotated Logical Forms." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 51–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18315-7_4.

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D’Argembeau, Arnaud, and Eric Salmon. "The Neural Basis of Semantic and Episodic Forms of Self-Knowledge: Insights from Functional Neuroimaging." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 276–90. New York, NY: Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1704-0_18.

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Frinken, Volkmar, Tim Peter, Andreas Fischer, Horst Bunke, Trinh-Minh-Tri Do, and Thierry Artieres. "Improved Handwriting Recognition by Combining Two Forms of Hidden Markov Models and a Recurrent Neural Network." In Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns, 189–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03767-2_23.

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Stan, Cornel. "Climate-neutral fuels." In Future Fire Forms, 57–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12081-7_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Neural forms"

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Hashimoto, W. "Analysis of natural images by independent quadratic forms and temporally coherent quadratic forms." In 9th International Conference on Neural Information Processing. IEEE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iconip.2002.1201929.

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Pudovkin, Mikhail I., Ake Steen, N. V. Nikolaev, O. I. Kornilov, Urban Brandstrom, Bjorn Gustavsson, and Peter Rydesater. "Automatic recognition of auroral forms." In Ninth Workshop on Virtual Intelligence/Dynamic Neural Networks: Neural Networks Fuzzy Systems, Evolutionary Systems and Virtual Re, edited by Thomas Lindblad, Mary Lou Padgett, and Jason M. Kinser. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.343030.

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Li, Yifeng, Xiaodan Zhu, Richard Naud, and Pengcheng Xi. "Capsule Deep Generative Model That Forms Parse Trees." In 2020 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn48605.2020.9206662.

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Murthy, Garimella Rama. "Optimization of Quadratic Forms: NP Hard Problems: Neural Networks." In 2013 International Symposium on Computational and Business Intelligence (ISCBI). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscbi.2013.51.

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MOSCOSO DEL PRADO MARTÍN, F., R. SCHREUDER, and R. H. BAAYEN. "USING THE STRUCTURE FOUND IN TIME: BUILDING DISTRIBUTED REPRESENTATIONS OF WORD FORMS BY ACCUMULATION OF EXPECTATIONS." In Proceedings of the Eighth Neural Computation and Psychology Workshop. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812702784_0025.

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Liu, Lei, and Zhanshan Wang. "Adaptive fault-tolerant control for a class of uncertain nonlinear MISO discrete-time systems in triangular forms with actuator failures." In 2014 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2014.6889532.

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Zhao, Yunwei, Can Wang, Chi-Hung Chi, Willem-Jan van den Heuvel, Kwok-Yan Lam, and Min Shu. "Beyond the Power of Mere Repetition: Forms of Social Communication on Twitter through the Lens of Information Flows and Its Effect on Topic Evolution." In 2019 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2019.8852290.

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RAUTELA, MAHINDRA, MANISH RAUT, and S. GOPALAKRISHNAN. "SIMULATION OF GUIDED WAVES FOR STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING USING PHYSICS-INFORMED NEURAL NETWORKS." In Structural Health Monitoring 2021. Destech Publications, Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/shm2021/36297.

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Guided wave propagation is a valuable and reliable technique for structural health monitoring (SHM) of aerospace structures. Along with its higher sensitivity towards small damages, it offers advantages in traveling long distances with minimum attenuation. Simulation of guided wave propagation is essential to understand wave behavior, and calculating the dispersion relations forms an integral part of the procedure. Application of the current numerical techniques for complex media is highly involved and faces issues related to accuracy, stability, and computational resources. Development in the field of machine learning and graphical processing units (GPUs) leads to the implementation of a faster, automated, and scalable deep neural networks-based learning approach for such problems. Most of the implementation in the field is based on data collection and uses neural networks for nonlinear mapping from input space to target space. However, a large amount of prior information in the form of a governing differential equation is not utilized. In this paper, we have used Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs), in which neural networks are utilized to solve governing partial differential equations. PINNs are implemented to obtain the solution of a one-dimensional wave equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions. The exact solutions and predicted responses match closely with lower mean square error in limited computational time. We have also conducted a detailed comparison of the effect of neural architecture on the mean square error and the training time. This study shows the merit of deep neural networks leveraging the available physical information to simulate the wave phenomenon for SHM efficiently.
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Studer, Michel, and Kara Peters. "Combined Multi-Scale Sensing and Neural Network Data Fusion for Damage Identification." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-42867.

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Multi-scale measurements, i.e. measurements of strain, strain gradient and integrated strain data, throughout a structural volume have demonstrated a great potential for improved damage identification. However, the large number of data and their different forms make fusion of the data difficult. To overcome this problem, a neural network data fusion approach is proposed. A simulation of damage identification in an isotropic cracked plate is presented. The crack position, angle and crack length are used as test parameters to be determined. A back-propagation neural network is trained to reproduce the crack angle and length as a function of all sensor responses. The improvement gained by using both multi-scale sensing and neural network data fusion for this specific case is significant. Testing of the sensitivity of the method to measurement errors or missing data demonstrated the robustness of the neural network to errors.
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McBride, Carolyn. "Genetic and neural analysis of preference for human scent in evolutionarily divergent forms of the dengue fever mosquitoAedes aegypti." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.91609.

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Reports on the topic "Neural forms"

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Roberts, C. D., C. J. Burden, and M. J. Thomson. Electromagnetic charged and neutral kaon form factors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/166447.

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Bright, Stephen Taliaferro. First Measurement of Form-Factors of the Beta Decay of the Neutral Xi Hyperon. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1421445.

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Semerikov, Serhiy, Illia Teplytskyi, Yuliia Yechkalo, Oksana Markova, Vladimir Soloviev, and Arnold Kiv. Computer Simulation of Neural Networks Using Spreadsheets: Dr. Anderson, Welcome Back. [б. в.], June 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3178.

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The authors of the given article continue the series presented by the 2018 paper “Computer Simulation of Neural Networks Using Spreadsheets: The Dawn of the Age of Camelot”. This time, they consider mathematical informatics as the basis of higher engineering education fundamentalization. Mathematical informatics deals with smart simulation, information security, long-term data storage and big data management, artificial intelligence systems, etc. The authors suggest studying basic principles of mathematical informatics by applying cloud-oriented means of various levels including those traditionally considered supplementary – spreadsheets. The article considers ways of building neural network models in cloud-oriented spreadsheets, Google Sheets. The model is based on the problem of classifying multi-dimensional data provided in “The Use of Multiple Measurements in Taxonomic Problems” by R. A. Fisher. Edgar Anderson’s role in collecting and preparing the data in the 1920s-1930s is discussed as well as some peculiarities of data selection. There are presented data on the method of multi-dimensional data presentation in the form of an ideograph developed by Anderson and considered one of the first efficient ways of data visualization.
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Luzes, Marta, and Lucina Rodríguez Guillén. La opinión pública respecto de la migración en América Latina y el Caribe. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004699.

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Este documento del Laboratorio de Percepción Ciudadana y Migración explora la tendencia de la opinión pública respecto de la migración en los últimos 5 años en América Latina y el Caribe. El documento analiza la creciente necesidad de generar información y evidencia sobre esta temática en la región, donde flujos intrarregionales recientes han significado un aumento en la importancia de la cohesión social e integración migratoria en las comunidades de acogida. A través de una combinación de fuentes de datos tradicionales (encuestas de opinión pública regionales y nacionales) y fuentes de datos no tradicionales (análisis de redes sociales, análisis de medios de comunicación) el Laboratorio brinda un análisis integral de la tendencia de la opinión pública en la región. El documento permite comprender las temáticas que más mueven la conversación y que generan preocupación en la población nativa, al mismo tiempo que evidencia que a pesar de un aumento en el contenido xenófobo de los mensajes en redes, predomina un sentimiento neutral, y por veces contradictorio a la migración en América Latina y el Caribe. Finalmente, el documento concluye que hay formas de influir y cambiar la percepción pública hacia la migración. Desde el Laboratorio se presentan intervenciones y programas que son efectivos en cambiar la forma como se piensa la migración en la región.
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Bragdon, Sophia, Vuong Truong, and Jay Clausen. Environmentally informed buried object recognition. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45902.

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The ability to detect and classify buried objects using thermal infrared imaging is affected by the environmental conditions at the time of imaging, which leads to an inconsistent probability of detection. For example, periods of dense overcast or recent precipitation events result in the suppression of the soil temperature difference between the buried object and soil, thus preventing detection. This work introduces an environmentally informed framework to reduce the false alarm rate in the classification of regions of interest (ROIs) in thermal IR images containing buried objects. Using a dataset that consists of thermal images containing buried objects paired with the corresponding environmental and meteorological conditions, we employ a machine learning approach to determine which environmental conditions are the most impactful on the visibility of the buried objects. We find the key environmental conditions include incoming shortwave solar radiation, soil volumetric water content, and average air temperature. For each image, ROIs are computed using a computer vision approach and these ROIs are coupled with the most important environmental conditions to form the input for the classification algorithm. The environmentally informed classification algorithm produces a decision on whether the ROI contains a buried object by simultaneously learning on the ROIs with a classification neural network and on the environmental data using a tabular neural network. On a given set of ROIs, we have shown that the environmentally informed classification approach improves the detection of buried objects within the ROIs.
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Kaufman, Lisa J. Precision Measurement of the proton neutral weak form factors at Q2 ~ 0.1 GeV2. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1054071.

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Schutt, Timothy C., and Manoj K. Shukla. Computational Investigation on Interactions Between Some Munitions Compounds and Humic Substances. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39703.

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Humic acid substances (HAs) in natural soil and sediment environments effect the retention and degradation of insensitive munitions compounds and legacy high explosives (MCs): DNAN, DNi- NH4+, nMNA, NQ, NTO (neutral and anionic forms), TNT, and RDX.A humic acid model compound has been considered using molecular dynamics, thermodynamic integration, and density functional theory to characterize the munition binding ability, ionization potential, and electron affinity compared to that in the water solution. Humic acids bind most compounds and act as both a sink and source for electrons. Ionization potentials suggest HAs are more susceptible to oxidation than the MCs studied. The electron affinity of HAs are very conformation-dependent and spans the same range as the munition compounds. When HAs and MCs are complexed the HAs tend to radicalize first thus buffering MCs against reductive as well as oxidative attacks.
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Moore, Winston, J. Enrique Chueca, Veronica R. Prado, Michelle Carvalho Metanias Hallack, and Laura Giles Álvarez. Energy Transition in Barbados: Opportunities for Adaptation of Energy Taxes to Mitigate Loss of Government Revenue. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004534.

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Barbados, through its Barbados National Energy Policy (BNEP) 2019-2030, announced its commitment to achieving 100 percent renewable energy and carbon neutrality by 2030. This commitment creates an opportunity for the GoB to manage the impact of the transition toward renewable clean energy by introducing measures to transform the way revenue from energy is collected thereby avoiding unnecessary fiscal costs. The purpose of this study is to calculate the revenue gap derived from Barbados 2030 energy transition goal of having a revenue-neutral transition and propose and evaluate various policy measures that could help seize opportunities to close that gap. The simulation model suggests that the energy transition would result in an estimated BBD$105 million in revenue losses a year by following the BNEP. Such a reduction would create a significant fiscal gap that would need to be addressed through the introduction of new forms of taxes or changes to current taxes in order to adapt tax collection to revenue creation from the new clean energy economy. A wide range of tax policy options and issues surrounding their effective implementation were discussed such as: increased taxes on fossil fuels, a change in the VAT rate, mileage taxes on electric and hybrid vehicles, and taxes on renewable energy production. Each of these new tax approaches can help address the fiscal gap estimated above.
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9

Nikiforov, Vladimir. Smart Technical Systems of Measuring Technology and Measuring Technique, integrated into the smart complexes of medical technologies including laser Gears with the elements of Artificial Intelligence and Artificial neural network as form of Machine Learning. Intellectual Archive, May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/iaj.2120.

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10

BARKHATOV, NIKOLAY, and SERGEY REVUNOV. A software-computational neural network tool for predicting the electromagnetic state of the polar magnetosphere, taking into account the process that simulates its slow loading by the kinetic energy of the solar wind. SIB-Expertise, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/er0519.07122021.

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The auroral activity indices AU, AL, AE, introduced into geophysics at the beginning of the space era, although they have certain drawbacks, are still widely used to monitor geomagnetic activity at high latitudes. The AU index reflects the intensity of the eastern electric jet, while the AL index is determined by the intensity of the western electric jet. There are many regression relationships linking the indices of magnetic activity with a wide range of phenomena observed in the Earth's magnetosphere and atmosphere. These relationships determine the importance of monitoring and predicting geomagnetic activity for research in various areas of solar-terrestrial physics. The most dramatic phenomena in the magnetosphere and high-latitude ionosphere occur during periods of magnetospheric substorms, a sensitive indicator of which is the time variation and value of the AL index. Currently, AL index forecasting is carried out by various methods using both dynamic systems and artificial intelligence. Forecasting is based on the close relationship between the state of the magnetosphere and the parameters of the solar wind and the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). This application proposes an algorithm for describing the process of substorm formation using an instrument in the form of an Elman-type ANN by reconstructing the AL index using the dynamics of the new integral parameter we introduced. The use of an integral parameter at the input of the ANN makes it possible to simulate the structure and intellectual properties of the biological nervous system, since in this way an additional realization of the memory of the prehistory of the modeled process is provided.
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