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Journal articles on the topic 'Networks with underlay cognitive nodes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Hussain, Syed Imtiaz, Mohamed M. Abdallah, Mohamed-Slim Alouini, Khalid Qaraqe, and Mazen Hasna. "Relay selection in underlay cognitive networks with fixed transmission power nodes." Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies 24, no. 7-8 (July 31, 2013): 734–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ett.2691.

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2

Alhamad, Raed, and Hatem Boujemaa. "Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces with Adaptive Transmit Power for Underlay Cognitive Radio Networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (August 17, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2787466.

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In this article, we study the performance of intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS) with adaptive transmit power (ATP). The power of secondary source is adapted to have a low interference at primary destination. IRS with ATP offers 14, 20, 26, 32, and 38 dB gains versus the absence of IRS for N = 8,16,32,64 , and 128 reflectors. Rayleigh channels are studied with arbitrary positions of primary and secondary nodes.

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3

Toan, Hoang Van, and Vo Nguyen Quoc Bao. "Performance Analysis of Cognitive Two-Way Networks with Interference from Primary User over Nakagami-m Fading Channels." Journal of Science and Technology: Issue on Information and Communications Technology 3, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31130/jst.2017.35.

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A cognitive underlay two-way relay network taking into account interference links from primary transmitter to secondary receivers over Nakagami-m fading channels is analyzed in this article. In this model, a secondary system including two terminal nodes exchanges data through a decode-and-forward (DF) relay node. Under the underlay approach, all secondary transmitter must adjust transmit power to protect the primary communications. We derive the exact and asymptotic closed-form expression for the secondary system outage probability over Nakagami-m fading channels showing the system diversity. Monte-Carlo simulation are performed to verify the analysis results as well as to show the system characteristics

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4

Kozić, Nadica, Vesna Blagojević, Aleksandra Cvetković, and Predrag Ivaniš. "Performance Analysis of Wirelessly Powered Cognitive Radio Network with Statistical CSI and Random Mobility." Sensors 23, no. 9 (May 6, 2023): 4518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23094518.

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The relentless expansion of communications services and applications in 5G networks and their further projected growth bring the challenge of necessary spectrum scarcity, a challenge which might be overcome using the concept of cognitive radio. Furthermore, an extremely high number of low-power devices are introduced by the concept of the Internet of Things (IoT), which also requires efficient energy usage and practically applicable device powering. Motivated by these facts, in this paper, we analyze a wirelessly powered underlay cognitive system based on a realistic case in which statistical channel state information (CSI) is available. In the system considered, the primary and the cognitive networks share the same spectrum band under the constraint of an interference threshold and a maximal tolerable outage permitted by the primary user. To adopt the system model in realistic IoT application scenarios in which network nodes are mobile, we consider the randomly moving cognitive user receiver. For the analyzed system, we derive the closed-form expressions for the outage probability, the outage capacity, and the ergodic capacity. The obtained analytical results are corroborated by an independent simulation method.

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Giang, Nguyen Hong, Vo Nguyen Quoc Bao, and Hung Nguyen-Le. "Effect of CSI Imperfection on Cognitive Underlay Transmission over Nakagami-m Fading Channel." Journal of Science and Technology: Issue on Information and Communications Technology 1 (August 31, 2015): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31130/jst.2015.13.

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This paper analyzes the performance of a cognitive underlay system over Nakagami-m fading channels, where maximal ratio combining (MRC) is employed at secondary destination and relay nodes. Under the condition of imperfect channel state information (CSI) of interfering channels, system performance metrics for the primary network and for the secondary network are formulated into exact and approximate expressions, which can be served as theoretical guidelines for system designs. To verify the performance analysis, several analytical and simulated results of the system performance are provided under various system and channel settings.

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6

Han, Xu, Lei Xue, Ying Xu, and Zunyang Liu. "A Radio Environment Maps Estimation Algorithm based on the Pixel Regression Framework for Underlay Cognitive Radio Networks Using Incomplete Training Data." Sensors 20, no. 8 (April 15, 2020): 2245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20082245.

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In the underlay cognitive radio networks, the radio environment maps (REMs) estimation is the main challenge in sensing the idle wireless spectrum resources. Traditional deep learning-based algorithms estimate the REMs on the basis of the high-quality, large-scale complete training images. However, collecting the complete radio environment images is time-consuming and requires a numerous number of power spectrum sensing nodes. For this reason, we propose a generative adversarial networks-based pixel regression framework (PRF) for underlay cognitive radio networks. The PRF algorithm relaxes the requirement of the complete training images, and estimates the radio environment maps only on the basis of the incomplete REMs images, which are easier to be collected. First, we transform the radio environment maps estimation task into a pixel regression task through the color mapping progress. Then, to extract helpful information from the incomplete training data, we design a feature enhancing module for the PRF algorithm, which intelligently learns and emphasizes the important features from the training images. Finally, we use the trained pixel regression framework to reconstruct the radio environment maps in the target area. The proposed algorithm learns accurate radio environment characteristics from the incomplete training data rather than making direct biased or imprecise radio propagation assumptions as in the traditional methods. Thus, the PRF algorithm has a better REMs reconstruction performance than the traditional methods, as verified by simulations.

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7

Raj, K. Shashi. "Interference resilient stochastic prediction based dynamic resource allocation model for cognitive MANETs." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 13, no. 41 (October 10, 2020): 4332–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v13i41.687.

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Background/Objectives: Being dynamic in nature, Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) requires robust resource allocation strategy that can ensure both optimal transmission reliability and resource efficiency to meet Quality of Service (QoS) demands. The objective of this research is to address interference resilience requirement in MANETs which is must due to greedy nature of nodes especially when accessing resource or bandwidth and develop a highly robust stochastic prediction based resource allocation strategy. Methods: The proposed Interference Resilient Stochastic Prediction based Dynamic Resource Allocation model for Cognitive MANET (ISP-DRACM) intends to enable optimal resource allocation under interweave and underlay network setup with instantaneous as well as average interference conditions. It employs a joint power management and resource allocation strategy where it intends to maximize the weighted sum-rate of the secondary users under certain defined conditions like average power and stochastic interference level. Findings/Novelty: Inculcating resource allocation problem as controlled Markov Decision Process using Hidden Markov Model (HMM) and Lagrange relaxation, our proposed model achieves better resource allocation under limited noise or interference condition and hence achieves both costeffectiveness as well as QoS provision. This method has exhibited satisfactory performance towards spectrum allocation to the secondary users without imposing any significant interference for both interweave as well as underlay Cognitive Radio setup. Keywords: Cognitive mobile ad-hoc network; stochastic prediction; interference resilience; channel state information; dynamic resource allocation; underlay and overlay cognitive MANET

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8

Bakht, Khush, Furqan Jameel, Zain Ali, Wali Ullah Khan, Imran Khan, Guftaar Ahmad Sardar Sidhu, and Jeong Woo Lee. "Power Allocation and User Assignment Scheme for beyond 5G Heterogeneous Networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2019 (November 16, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2472783.

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The issue of spectrum scarcity in wireless networks is becoming prominent and critical with each passing year. Although several promising solutions have been proposed to provide a solution to spectrum scarcity, most of them have many associated tradeoffs. In this context, one of the emerging ideas relates to the utilization of cognitive radios (CR) for future heterogeneous networks (HetNets). This paper provides a marriage of two promising candidates (i.e., CR and HetNets) for beyond fifth generation (5G) wireless networks. More specifically, a joint power allocation and user assignment solution for the multiuser underlay CR-based HetNets has been proposed and evaluated. To counter the limiting factors in these networks, the individual power of transmitting nodes and interference temperature protection constraints of the primary networks have been considered. An efficient solution is designed from the dual decomposition approach, where the optimal user assignment is obtained for the optimized power allocation at each node. The simulation results validate the superiority of the proposed optimization scheme against conventional baseline techniques.

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9

Tran Tin, Phu, Dang The Hung, Tan Nguyen, Tran Duy, and Miroslav Voznak. "Secrecy Performance Enhancement for Underlay Cognitive Radio Networks Employing Cooperative Multi-Hop Transmission with and without Presence of Hardware Impairments." Entropy 21, no. 2 (February 24, 2019): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21020217.

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In this paper, we consider a cooperative multi-hop secured transmission protocol to underlay cognitive radio networks. In the proposed protocol, a secondary source attempts to transmit its data to a secondary destination with the assistance of multiple secondary relays. In addition, there exists a secondary eavesdropper who tries to overhear the source data. Under a maximum interference level required by a primary user, the secondary source and relay nodes must adjust their transmit power. We first formulate effective signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) as well as secrecy capacity under the constraints of the maximum transmit power, the interference threshold and the hardware impairment level. Furthermore, when the hardware impairment level is relaxed, we derive exact and asymptotic expressions of end-to-end secrecy outage probability over Rayleigh fading channels by using the recursive method. The derived expressions were verified by simulations, in which the proposed scheme outperformed the conventional multi-hop direct transmission protocol.

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10

Minh Nam, Pham, Ha Duy Hung, Lam-Thanh Tu, Pham Viet Tuan, Tran Trung Duy, and Tan Hanh. "Outage Performance of Interference Cancellation-Aided Two-Way Relaying Cognitive Network with Primary TAS/SC Communication and Secondary Partial Relay Selection." Electronics 11, no. 22 (November 8, 2022): 3645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11223645.

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In this paper, we propose a two-way relaying scheme using digital network coding in an underlay cognitive radio network. In the proposed scheme, the transmit antenna selection and selection techniques are combined using a primary transmitter and a primary receiver, respectively. In the secondary network, two source nodes that cannot directly communicate attempt to exchange their data with each other. As a result, the relaying technique using partial relay selection is applied to assist the data exchange. Particularly, at the first time slot, the selected secondary relay applies an interference cancellation technique to decode the data received from the secondary sources. Then, the selected relay uses digital network coding to send XOR-ed data to the sources at the second time slot. We first derive the outage probability of the primary network over block the Rayleigh fading channel. Then, the transmit power of the secondary transmitters including the source and relay nodes are calculated to guarantee the quality of service of the primary network. Finally, the exact closed-form formulas of the outage probability of the secondary sources over the block Rayleigh fading channel are derived, and then verified by computer simulations using the Monte Carlo method.

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11

Huynh, Tan-Phuoc, Pham Ngoc Son, and Miroslav Voznak. "Secrecy Performance of Underlay Cooperative Cognitive Network Using Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access with Opportunistic Relay Selection." Symmetry 11, no. 3 (March 15, 2019): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11030385.

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In this paper, an underlay cooperative cognitive network using a non-orthogonal multiple access (UCCN-NOMA) system is investigated, in which the intermediate multiple relays help to decode and forward two signals x 1 and x 2 from a source node to two users D1 and D2, respectively, under wiretapping of an eavesdropper (E). We study the best relay selection strategies by three types of relay selection criteria: the first and second best relay selection is based on the maximum channel gain of the links R i -D 1 , R i -D2, respectively; the third one is to ensure a minimum value of the channel gains from the R i -E link. We analyze and evaluate the secrecy performances of the transmissions x 1 and x 2 from the source node to the destination nodes D1, D2, respectively, in the proposed UCCN-NOMA system in terms of the secrecy outage probabilities (SOPs) over Rayleigh fading channels. Simulation and analysis results are presented as follows. The results of the (sum) secrecy outage probability show that proposed scheme can realize the maximal diversity gain. The security of the system is very good when eavesdropper node E is far from the source and cooperative relay. Finally, the theoretical analyses are verified by performing Monte Carlo simulations.

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12

Yadav, Suneel, Anshul Pandey, Dinh-Thuan Do, Byung Moo Lee, and Adão Silva. "Secure Cognitive Radio-Enabled Vehicular Communications under Spectrum-Sharing Constraints." Sensors 21, no. 21 (October 28, 2021): 7160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21217160.

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Vehicular communication has been envisioned to support a myriad of essential fifth-generation and beyond use-cases. However, the increasing proliferation of smart and intelligent vehicles has generated a lot of design and infrastructure challenges. Of particular interest are the problems of spectrum scarcity and communication security. Consequently, we considered a cognitive radio-enabled vehicular network framework for accessing additional radio spectrum and exploit physical layer security for secure communications. In particular, we investigated the secrecy performance of a cognitive radio vehicular network, where all the nodes in the network are moving vehicles and the channels between them are modeled as double-Rayleigh fading. Furthermore, adopting an underlay approach, the communication between secondary nodes can be performed by employing two interference constraint strategies at the primary receiver; (1) Strategy I: the secondary transmitter power is constrained by the interference threshold of the primary receiver, and (2) Strategy II: the secondary transmitter power is constrained by both the interference threshold of the primary receiver and the maximum transmit power of the secondary network. Under the considered strategies, we derive the exact secrecy outage probability (SOP) and ergodic secrecy capacity (ESC) expressions over double-Rayleigh fading. Moreover, by analyzing the asymptotic SOP behavior, we show that a full secrecy diversity of 1 can be achieved, when the average channel gain of the main link goes to infinity with a fixed average wiretap channel gain. From the ESC analysis, it is revealed that the ESC follows a scaling law of ΘlnΩm2Ωe2 for large Ωm and Ωe, where Ωm and Ωe are the average channel gains of the main link and wiretap link. The numerical and simulation results verify our analytical findings.

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13

Minh Nam, Pham, Tran Trung Duy, Phan Van Ca, Pham Ngoc Son, and Ngo Hoang An. "Outage Performance of Power Beacon-Aided Multi-Hop Cooperative Cognitive Radio Protocol Under Constraint of Interference and Hardware Noises." Electronics 9, no. 6 (June 26, 2020): 1054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9061054.

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In this paper, we evaluate end-to-end outage probability of a multi-hop decode-and-forward relaying protocol in underlay cognitive radio network. In the proposed protocol, named COOP, secondary nodes including source and relays have to harvest radio-frequency energy from multiple secondary power beacons, and adjust their transmit power, follows a pre-determined interference threshold given by multiple primary users. To enhance the outage performance for the secondary network under an joint constraint of the interference threshold, Rayleigh fading channel and hardware noises caused by imperfect transceiver hardware, the secondary relays on the source-destination path cooperate to forward the source data to the destination. Particularly, they attempt to receive the source data from their previous nodes, and forward it to the secondary destination if requested. Moreover, whenever the destination cannot receive the source data successfully, a successful relay that has the shortest distance to the destination is selected for retransmission. Due to usage of the cooperative transmission, the proposed COOP protocol obtains better performance, as compared with the corresponding multi-hop relaying one (denoted DIRECT) which only uses direct transmission at each hop. We evaluate the outage performance of COOP and DIRECT via both simulation and theory. The obtained results present a significant performance enhancement, as comparing COOP with DIRECT.

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14

Madole, James W., Mijke Rhemtulla, Andrew D. Grotzinger, Elliot M. Tucker-Drob, and K. Paige Harden. "Testing Cold and Hot Cognitive Control as Moderators of a Network of Comorbid Psychopathology Symptoms in Adolescence." Clinical Psychological Science 7, no. 4 (May 6, 2019): 701–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167702619842466.

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Comorbidity is pervasive across psychopathological symptoms, diagnoses, and domains. Network analysis is a method for investigating symptom-level associations that underlie comorbidity, particularly through bridge symptoms connecting diagnostic syndromes. We applied network analyses of comorbidity to data from a population-based sample of adolescents ( N = 849). We implemented a method for assessing nonparametric moderation of psychopathology networks to evaluate differences in network structure across levels of intelligence and emotional control. Symptoms generally clustered by clinical diagnoses, but specific between-cluster bridge connections emerged. Internalizing symptoms demonstrated unique connections with aggression symptoms of interpersonal irritability, whereas externalizing symptoms showed more diffuse interconnections. Aggression symptoms identified as bridge nodes in the cross-sectional network were enriched for longitudinal associations with internalizing symptoms. Cross-domain connections did not significantly vary across intelligence but were weaker at lower emotional control. Our findings highlight transdiagnostic symptom relationships that may underlie co-occurrence of clinical diagnoses or higher-order factors of psychopathology.

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15

Clusella, Pau, Gustavo Deco, Morten L. Kringelbach, Giulio Ruffini, and Jordi Garcia-Ojalvo. "Complex spatiotemporal oscillations emerge from transverse instabilities in large-scale brain networks." PLOS Computational Biology 19, no. 4 (April 12, 2023): e1010781. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010781.

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Spatiotemporal oscillations underlie all cognitive brain functions. Large-scale brain models, constrained by neuroimaging data, aim to trace the principles underlying such macroscopic neural activity from the intricate and multi-scale structure of the brain. Despite substantial progress in the field, many aspects about the mechanisms behind the onset of spatiotemporal neural dynamics are still unknown. In this work we establish a simple framework for the emergence of complex brain dynamics, including high-dimensional chaos and travelling waves. The model consists of a complex network of 90 brain regions, whose structural connectivity is obtained from tractography data. The activity of each brain area is governed by a Jansen neural mass model and we normalize the total input received by each node so it amounts the same across all brain areas. This assumption allows for the existence of an homogeneous invariant manifold, i.e., a set of different stationary and oscillatory states in which all nodes behave identically. Stability analysis of these homogeneous solutions unveils a transverse instability of the synchronized state, which gives rise to different types of spatiotemporal dynamics, such as chaotic alpha activity. Additionally, we illustrate the ubiquity of this route towards complex spatiotemporal activity in a network of next-generation neural mass models. Altogehter, our results unveil the bifurcation landscape that underlies the emergence of function from structure in the brain.

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Fadel, Eleonora, Heinz Boeker, Matti Gaertner, Andre Richter, Birgit Kleim, Erich Seifritz, Simone Grimm, and Laura M. Wade-Bohleber. "Differential Alterations in Resting State Functional Connectivity Associated with Depressive Symptoms and Early Life Adversity." Brain Sciences 11, no. 5 (May 2, 2021): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11050591.

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Depression and early life adversity (ELA) are associated with aberrant resting state functional connectivity (FC) of the default mode (DMN), salience (SN), and central executive networks (CEN). However, the specific and differential associations of depression and ELA with FC of these networks remain unclear. Applying a dimensional approach, here we analyzed associations of FC between major nodes of the DMN, SN, and CEN with severity of depressive symptoms and ELA defined as childhood abuse and neglect in a sample of 83 healthy and depressed subjects. Depressive symptoms were linked to increased FC within the SN and decreased FC of the SN with the DMN and CEN. Childhood abuse was associated with increased FC within the SN, whereas childhood neglect was associated with decreased FC within the SN and increased FC between the SN and the DMN. Our study thus provides evidence for differential associations of depressive symptoms and ELA with resting state FC and contributes to a clarification of previously contradictory findings. Specific FC abnormalities may underlie specific cognitive and emotional impairments. Future research should link specific clinical symptoms resulting from ELA to FC patterns thereby characterizing depression subtypes with specific neurobiological signatures.

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17

Timsit, Youri, and Sergeant-Perthuis Grégoire. "Towards the Idea of Molecular Brains." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 21 (November 1, 2021): 11868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111868.

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How can single cells without nervous systems perform complex behaviours such as habituation, associative learning and decision making, which are considered the hallmark of animals with a brain? Are there molecular systems that underlie cognitive properties equivalent to those of the brain? This review follows the development of the idea of molecular brains from Darwin’s “root brain hypothesis”, through bacterial chemotaxis, to the recent discovery of neuron-like r-protein networks in the ribosome. By combining a structural biology view with a Bayesian brain approach, this review explores the evolutionary labyrinth of information processing systems across scales. Ribosomal protein networks open a window into what were probably the earliest signalling systems to emerge before the radiation of the three kingdoms. While ribosomal networks are characterised by long-lasting interactions between their protein nodes, cell signalling networks are essentially based on transient interactions. As a corollary, while signals propagated in persistent networks may be ephemeral, networks whose interactions are transient constrain signals diffusing into the cytoplasm to be durable in time, such as post-translational modifications of proteins or second messenger synthesis. The duration and nature of the signals, in turn, implies different mechanisms for the integration of multiple signals and decision making. Evolution then reinvented networks with persistent interactions with the development of nervous systems in metazoans. Ribosomal protein networks and simple nervous systems display architectural and functional analogies whose comparison could suggest scale invariance in information processing. At the molecular level, the significant complexification of eukaryotic ribosomal protein networks is associated with a burst in the acquisition of new conserved aromatic amino acids. Knowing that aromatic residues play a critical role in allosteric receptors and channels, this observation suggests a general role of π systems and their interactions with charged amino acids in multiple signal integration and information processing. We think that these findings may provide the molecular basis for designing future computers with organic processors.

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18

Le, Tuan Anh, and Keivan Navaie. "Downlink Beamforming in Underlay Cognitive Cellular Networks." IEEE Transactions on Communications 62, no. 7 (July 2014): 2212–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2014.2323051.

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19

Kompella, Sastry, Gam D. Nguyen, Clement Kam, Jeffrey E. Wieselthier, and Anthony Ephremides. "Cooperation in Cognitive Underlay Networks: Stable Throughput Tradeoffs." IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking 22, no. 6 (December 2014): 1756–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2013.2284788.

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20

Lameiro, Christian, Wolfgang Utschick, and Ignacio Santamaría. "Spatial interference shaping for underlay MIMO cognitive networks." Signal Processing 134 (May 2017): 174–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sigpro.2016.12.012.

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21

Mahmood, Nurul H., Ferkan Yilmaz, Geir E. Oien, and Mohamed-Slim Alouini. "On Hybrid Cooperation in Underlay Cognitive Radio Networks." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 12, no. 9 (September 2013): 4422–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2013.081413.121516.

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22

Kusaladharma, Sachitha, and Chintha Tellambura. "Aggregate Interference Analysis for Underlay Cognitive Radio Networks." IEEE Wireless Communications Letters 1, no. 6 (December 2012): 641–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcl.2012.091312.120600.

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23

Sultan, Kiran, Ijaz Mansoor Qureshi, Aqdas Naveed Malik, and Muhammad Zubair. "Performance Analysis of Relay Subset Selection for Amplify-and-Forward Cognitive Relay Networks." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/548082.

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Cooperative communication is regarded as a key technology in wireless networks, including cognitive radio networks (CRNs), which increases the diversity order of the signal to combat the unfavorable effects of the fading channels, by allowing distributed terminals to collaborate through sophisticated signal processing. Underlay CRNs have strict interference constraints towards the secondary users (SUs) active in the frequency band of the primary users (PUs), which limits their transmit power and their coverage area. Relay selection offers a potential solution to the challenges faced by underlay networks, by selecting either single best relay or a subset of potential relay set under different design requirements and assumptions. The best relay selection schemes proposed in the literature for amplify-and-forward (AF) based underlay cognitive relay networks have been very well studied in terms of outage probability (OP) and bit error rate (BER), which is deficient in multiple relay selection schemes. The novelty of this work is to study the outage behavior of multiple relay selection in the underlay CRN and derive the closed-form expressions for the OP and BER through cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the SNR received at the destination. The effectiveness of relay subset selection is shown through simulation results.

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Touati, Sami, Hatem Boujemaa, and Nazha Abed. "Interference Aware Routing Protocols for Underlay Cognitive Radio Networks." International Journal of Communications 15 (April 23, 2021): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.46300/9107.2021.15.2.

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In this paper, optimal and sub-optimal routing protocols are proposed for cognitive radio networks. We first investigate optimal routing that consists in searching among all paths, the one that minimizes the end-to-end outage while verifying interference constraint to primary receiver. A sub-optimal one-hop routing is proposed where the best relay is selected in each hop. The last routing protocol consists in decomposing the network in many sub-networks composed of K hops. Then the best route is determined in each of these sub-networks so that the K hops-outage probability is minimized. The proposed K-hops routing allows a good compromise between complexity and performance. The performance of different routing protocols are evaluated through simulation results in terms of outage probability.

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Claudino, Lucas, and Taufik Abrão. "Linear MMSE Channel Estimation for Underlay Cognitive Radio Networks." Journal of Computer and Communications 10, no. 08 (2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jcc.2022.108001.

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RONG, Mei, and Shihua ZHU. "Hybrid Overlay/Underlay Spectrum Sharing in Cognitive Radio Networks." IEICE Transactions on Communications E94-B, no. 9 (2011): 2672–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transcom.e94.b.2672.

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27

Zheng, Kechen, Xiao-Yang Liu, Xiaoying Liu, and Yihua Zhu. "Hybrid Overlay-Underlay Cognitive Radio Networks With Energy Harvesting." IEEE Transactions on Communications 67, no. 7 (July 2019): 4669–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2019.2912605.

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28

Wang, Qiu, Hong-Ning Dai, Orestis Georgiou, Zhiguo Shi, and Wei Zhang. "Connectivity of Underlay Cognitive Radio Networks With Directional Antennas." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 67, no. 8 (August 2018): 7003–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2018.2825379.

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Lameiro, Christian, Ignacio Santamaria, Peter J. Schreier, and Wolfgang Utschick. "Maximally Improper Signaling in Underlay MIMO Cognitive Radio Networks." IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 67, no. 24 (December 15, 2019): 6241–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2019.2953665.

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Nguyen, Nam-Phong, Tu Lam Thanh, Trung Q. Duong, and A. Nallanathan. "Secure communications in cognitive underlay networks over Nakagami-mchannel." Physical Communication 25 (December 2017): 610–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phycom.2016.05.003.

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31

Le, Long, and Ekram Hossain. "Resource allocation for spectrum underlay in cognitive radio networks." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 7, no. 12 (December 2008): 5306–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/t-wc.2008.070890.

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32

El Tanab, Manal, and Walaa Hamouda. "Resource Allocation for Underlay Cognitive Radio Networks: A Survey." IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 19, no. 2 (2017): 1249–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/comst.2016.2631079.

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33

El Tanab, Manal, Walaa Hamouda, and Yasmine Fahmy. "Distributed opportunistic scheduling for MIMO underlay cognitive radio networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 16, no. 15 (June 13, 2016): 2212–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcm.2677.

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34

Sawant, Rupali, and Shikha Nema. "Outage Analysis in Underlay OFDMA Based Cooperative Cognitive Radio Networks." International Journal of Sensors, Wireless Communications and Control 10, no. 4 (December 18, 2020): 625–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210327910666191218125527.

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Background: Efficient resource allocation in Cooperative Cognitive Radio Network (CCRN) is necessary in order to meet the challenges in future wireless networks. With proper resource allocation, the Quality of Service (QoS) comprising of outage probability and data rate are evaluated in this paper and sufficiently improved with proper subcarrier allocation. Objective: Another important parameter is Signal to Interference Ratio (SIR) which should be above a threshold called minimum protection ratio to maintain the required QoS. Results: The network considered is Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) based Hybrid Cooperative Cognitive Radio Network (HCCRN) in downlink in which licensed as well as unlicensed resources are used by cognitive user depending on it’s availability keeping the interference constraint in limit. The number of subcarriers required is different for every user depending upon its distance from the base station to satisfy the requirement of data rate which depends on the experienced SIR. To avoid outage of users at the boundary of a cell, it is necessary to allocate more number of subcarriers. Conclusion: It is observed that for a given user position and outage probability, as the number of subcarrier allocation in a subchannel increases high data rates can be achieved. This analysis can be useful in allocation of subcarriers to users depending upon their position.

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SON, Pham Ngoc, and Hyung Yun KONG. "Exact Outage Analysis of Energy Harvesting Underlay Cooperative Cognitive Networks." IEICE Transactions on Communications E98.B, no. 4 (2015): 661–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transcom.e98.b.661.

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Chen, Yunli, Zhengguang Zheng, Yibin Hou, and Yong Li. "Energy Efficient Design for OFDM-Based Underlay Cognitive Radio Networks." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/431878.

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Conventional designs on OFDM-based underlay cognitive radio (CR) networks mainly focus on interference avoidance and spectral efficiency (SE) improvement. As green radio becomes increasingly important, this paper investigates energy efficient power allocation. Our aim is to maximize energy efficiency (EE), subject to the constraints on the total transmit power, the peak interference power, and the minimum data rate requirement. We first analyze the relationship between SE and EE and solve this optimization problem with the help of bisection search technique. However, the accuracy of the power allocation solution is dependent on the number of iterations. In order to achieve the exact optimal solution, a new energy efficient power allocation scheme is proposed to balance the tradeoff between SE and EE. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.

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Huang, Haiyan, Norman C. Beaulieu, Zan Li, and Jiangbo Si. "On the Performance of Underlay Cognitive Multisource Multirelay Cooperative Networks." IEEE Communications Letters 19, no. 4 (April 2015): 605–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2015.2398421.

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Luo, Liping, Ping Zhang, Guangchi Zhang, and Jiayin Qin. "Outage Performance for Cognitive Relay Networks with Underlay Spectrum Sharing." IEEE Communications Letters 15, no. 7 (July 2011): 710–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2011.051011.110426.

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Ma, Bojiang, Man Hon Cheung, Vincent W. S. Wong, and Jianwei Huang. "Hybrid Overlay/Underlay Cognitive Femtocell Networks: A Game Theoretic Approach." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 14, no. 6 (June 2015): 3259–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2015.2403363.

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Zheng, Meng, Chi Xu, Wei Liang, and Haibin Yu. "Harvesting‐throughput tradeoff for RF‐powered underlay cognitive radio networks." Electronics Letters 52, no. 10 (May 2016): 881–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2015.4418.

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Son, Pham Ngoc, Tran Trung Duy, and Khuong Ho-Van. "SIC-Coding Schemes for Underlay Two-Way Relaying Cognitive Networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2020 (August 24, 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8860551.

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In this paper, we propose an underlay two-way relaying scheme with the successive interference cancellation (SIC) solution in which two secondary sources transmit simultaneously their data to each other through secondary relays. The proposed scheme is operated in only two time slots and under an interference constraint of a primary receiver, denoted as the UTW-2TS scheme. In the UTW-2TS scheme, the secondary relays employ the SIC operation to decode successively the data from received broadcast signals and then encode these data by two techniques: digital network coding (DNC) enforced by XOR operations (denoted as the UTW-2TS-DNC protocol) and superposition coding (SC) enforced by power domain additions (denoted as the UTW-2TS-SC protocol). A selected secondary relay which subjects to maximize decoding capacities and to minimize collection time of channel state information in two protocols UTW-2TS-DNC and UTW-2TS-SC experiences residual interferences from imperfect SIC operations. Outage probabilities and throughputs are solved in terms of exact closed-form expressions to evaluate the system performance of the proposed protocols. Simulation and analysis results provide performance enhancement of the proposed protocols UTW-2TS-DNC and UTW-2TS-SC owing to increase the number of the cooperative secondary relays, the interference constraints, and the distances from the secondary network to the primary receiver. The best throughputs are pointed at optimal interference power allocation coefficients and optimal locations of the selected secondary relay. Considering the same power consumption, the UTW-2TS-DNC protocol outperforms the UTW-2TS-SC protocol. Finally, the simulation results are collected to confirm the exact analysis values of the outage probabilities and throughputs.

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Arzykulov, Sultangali, Galymzhan Nauryzbayev, Theodoros A. Tsiftsis, and Behrouz Maham. "Performance Analysis of Underlay Cognitive Radio Nonorthogonal Multiple Access Networks." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 68, no. 9 (September 2019): 9318–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2019.2930553.

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Gupta, Nikhil, and Aditya K. Jagannatham. "Transceiver Optimization for Unicast/Multicast MIMO Cognitive Overlay/Underlay Networks." IEEE Signal Processing Letters 22, no. 10 (October 2015): 1556–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2015.2413940.

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Lee, Sunyoung, Trung Q. Duong, Daniel Benevides daCosta, Dac-Binh Ha, and Sang Quang Nguyen. "Underlay cognitive radio networks with cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access." IET Communications 12, no. 3 (February 20, 2018): 359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-com.2017.0559.

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Chu, Thi My Chinh, Hoc Phan, and Hans-Jurgen Zepernick. "Hybrid Interweave-Underlay Spectrum Access for Cognitive Cooperative Radio Networks." IEEE Transactions on Communications 62, no. 7 (July 2014): 2183–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2014.2325041.

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Tran, Hung, Georges Kaddoum, and François Gagnon. "Power allocation for cognitive underlay networks with spectrum band selection." Physical Communication 21 (December 2016): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phycom.2016.09.004.

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Ho-Van, Khuong, and Thiem Do-Dac. "Security Performance of Underlay Cognitive Relaying Networks with Energy Harvesting." Wireless Personal Communications 110, no. 2 (September 20, 2019): 829–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-019-06758-4.

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Tang, Ningkai, Shiwen Mao, and Sastry Kompella. "On power control in full duplex underlay cognitive radio networks." Ad Hoc Networks 37 (February 2016): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2015.08.018.

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Li, Quanzhong, Fengzheng Liu, Xiang Zhou, Yihang Yin, and Jiayin Qin. "Energy Efficiency for Underlay Cognitive Multiuser Two-Way Relay Networks." Wireless Personal Communications 86, no. 3 (August 7, 2015): 1541–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-015-3005-y.

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Zaidi, Syed Ali Raza, Des C. McLernon, and Mounir Ghogho. "Breaking the Area Spectral Efficiency Wall in Cognitive Underlay Networks." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 32, no. 11 (November 2014): 2205–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2014.1411rp07.

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