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Academic literature on the topic 'Network Structure - Glasses'

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Published: 7 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Network Structure - Glasses"

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Fabian, M., E. Svab, M. Milanova, and K. Krezhov. "Network structure of Mo-oxide glasses." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 794 (January 2017): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/794/1/012005.

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Hannon, Alex C. "Bonding and structure in network glasses." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 451 (November 2016): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2016.04.035.

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Osaka, Akiyoshi, Kazumasa Ariyoshi, and Katsuaki Takahashi. "Network structure of alkali germanosilicate glasses." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 83, no. 3 (July 1986): 335–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3093(86)90246-2.

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Østergaard, Martin B., Mikkel S. Bødker, and Morten M. Smedskjaer. "Structure Dependence of Poisson’s Ratio in Cesium Silicate and Borate Glasses." Materials 13, no. 12 (June 24, 2020): 2837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13122837.

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In glass materials, Poisson’s ratio (ν) has been proposed to be correlated with a variety of features, including atomic packing density (Cg), liquid fragility (m), and network connectivity. To further investigate these correlations in oxide glasses, here, we study cesium borate and cesium silicate glasses with varying modifier/former ratio given the difference in network former coordination and because cesium results in relatively high ν compared to the smaller alkali modifiers. Within the binary glass series, we find positive correlations between ν on one hand and m and Cg on the other hand. The network former is found to greatly influence the correlation between ν and the number of bridging oxygens (nBO), with a negative correlation for silicate glasses and positive correlation for borate glasses. An analysis based on topological constraint theory shows that this difference cannot be explained by the effect of superstructural units on the network connectivity in lithium borate glasses. Considering a wider range of oxide glasses from the literature, we find that ν generally decreases with increasing network connectivity, but with notable exceptions for heavy alkali borate glasses and calcium alumino tectosilicate glasses.
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Wójcik, N. A., S. Ali, A. Mielewczyk-Gryń, and B. Jonson. "Two-step synthesis of niobium doped Na–Ca–(Mg)–P–Si–O glasses." Journal of Materials Science 56, no. 12 (January 25, 2021): 7613–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-021-05781-w.

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AbstractNiobium doped biosolubility glasses in the Na–Ca–(Mg)–P–Si–O system were prepared by using an untypical two-step synthesis route. The parent glass was melted in air atmosphere at 1350 °C followed by re-melting the glass in Nb crucible with the addition of metallic Mg/Ca powder in the nitrogen atmosphere. The second melting step was carried out at 1450–1650 °C, using an induction furnace. The topography and structure of the obtained glasses were characterized by confocal microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and infrared spectroscopic techniques. The chemical compositions were examined by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The glasses were found to be of grayish color, X-ray amorphous and having network connectivity between ~ 2.5 and 2.7. The network connectivity of re-melted glasses was lower than the one of the parent glass. The glass structure consists of a highly disrupted silicate network of predominantly Q2 groups as well as isolated orthophosphate tetrahedra. The parent glass contains nanocrystallites consisted of apatitic PO43− groups. The re-melted glasses contain non-apatitic or amorphous calcium phosphates. The obtained glass transition temperatures range from 530 to 568 °C and exhibit higher values for glassed doped with Ca metal. These glasses have improved thermal stability as compared to reference bioglasses. The biosolubility test in phosphate buffered saline solution (PBS) confirms that the glasses have biosolubility properties and HAp formation on the surfaces was observed.
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Zekri, Mohamed, Andreas Herrmann, Andreas Erlebach, Kamel Damak, Christian Rüssel, Marek Sierka, and Ramzi Maâlej. "The Structure of Gd3+-Doped Li2O and K2O Containing Aluminosilicate Glasses from Molecular Dynamics Simulations." Materials 14, no. 12 (June 12, 2021): 3265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14123265.

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Understanding the atomic structure of glasses is critical for developing new generations of materials with important technical applications. In particular, the local environment of rare-earth ions and their distribution and clustering is of great relevance for applications of rare earth-containing glasses in photonic devices. In this work, the structure of Gd2O3 doped lithium and potassium aluminosilicate glasses is investigated as a function of their network modifier oxide (NMO–Li2O, K2O) to aluminum oxide ratio using molecular dynamics simulations. The applied simulation procedure yields a set of configurations, the so-called inherent structures, of the liquid state slightly above the glass transition temperature. The generation of a large set of inherent structures allows a statistical sampling of the medium-range order of the Gd3+ ions with less computational effort compared to other simulation methods. The resulting medium-range atomic structures of network former and modifier ions are in good agreement with experimental results and simulations of similar glasses. It was found that increasing NMO/Al ratio increases the network modifier coordination number with non-bridging oxygen sites and reduces the overall stability of the network structure. The fraction of non-bridging oxygen sites in the vicinity of Gd3+ ions increases considerably with decreasing field strength and increasing concentration of the network modifier ions. These correlations could be confirmed even if the simulation results of alkaline earth aluminosilicate glasses are added to the analysis. In addition, the structure predictions generally indicate a low driving force for the clustering of Gd3+. Here, network modifier ions of large ionic radii reduce the probability of Gd–O–Gd contacts.
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OSAKA, Akiyoshi, Minoru IKEDA, Hitoshi OHBAYASHI, and Katsuaki TAKAHASHI. "Network Structure of Borophosphate Glasses (Part 1)." Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 96, no. 1111 (1988): 236–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj.96.236.

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OSAKA, Akiyoshi, Minoru IKEDA, and Katsuaki TAKAHASHI. "Network Structure of Borophosphate Glasses (Part 2)." Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 96, no. 1113 (1988): 521–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj.96.521.

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OSAKA, Akiyoshi, Minoru IKEDA, Ken'ichi EZAKI, Yoshinari MIURA, and Katsuaki TAKAHASHI. "Network Structure of Borophosphate Glasses (Part 3)." Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 97, no. 1123 (1989): 274–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj.97.274.

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Murakami, Yutaka, Takeshi Usuki, Shinji Kohara, Yuko Amo, and Yasuo Kameda. "Structure modeling for covalently bonded network glasses." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 353, no. 18-21 (June 2007): 2035–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2007.02.028.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Network Structure - Glasses"

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Polidori, Annalisa. "Structure of disordered materials : from geological fluids to network glasses." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.715303.

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The method of neutron diffraction with isotopic or isomorphic substitution (NDIS) was employed to investigate the atomic-scale structure of several disordered multi-component materials, thus reducing the complexity of correlations associated with a single diffraction pattern. The solvation of the Cl ion in a 5 molal solution of NaCl in D2O was investigated at temperatures and pressures up to 150 C and 33.8 kbar, respectively, thus extending the state conditions for studying the structure of this geological fluid. Changes to the structure with increasing temperature at 0.1 kbar may be attributed to a reduction in the dielectric permittivity, and the structural variation with increasing pressure at 150 C reflects changes in the structure of water to a more simple-fluid like phase. NDIS with Se-isotopes was used to help untangle the composition-dependent structure of As-Se glasses. The results for As0.30Se0.70 and As0.35Se0.65 favour the formation of a chemically ordered over a chemically disordered network, while the results for As0.40Se0.60 reveal broken chemical order through the appearance of homopolar bonds. The work shows a need to improve previous structural models that were produced by using both the reverse Monte Carlo and first-principles molecular-dynamics methods. Rare-earth clustering in the aluminosilicate glass (R2O3)0.2(Al2O3)0.2(SiO2)0.6 was investigated via NDIS, using Nd and Pr as an isomorphic pair. The results indicate a network structure based on SiO4 tetrahedra along with AlO4 and AlO5 units in the approximate ratio of 4:1. Each rare-earth (R) ion has, on average, 7.3(2) nearest-neighbour oxygen atoms at a distance of rRO = 2.43(2) A, and the R-R nearest neigh-bour distance is 3.9(4) A. The results are discussed by reference to the structure of a rare-earth glass of the same composition, but where Nd/Pr is replaced by a smaller rare-earth ion pair such as Dy or Ho.
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Stechert, Thorsten Roland. "Glasses for energy applications : atomic scale network structure and properties." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/18940.

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Glass is used for the vitrification of high level waste that results from the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel. A better understanding of the structure of vitrified wastes may lead to insights into the observed compositional flexibility. It is also the starting point for studies of the self-irradiation behaviour of glasses under long-term repository conditions. Appropriate models need to be employed for the study of glasses when using molecular dynamics. The nature of nuclear waste necessitates an accurate structure prediction for a range of compositions and parameters. To this end, the suitability of established potential sets have been compared. The established potential models were used to investigate the structure of zinc containing sodium silicate glass. Once validated, this structure was used to investigate structural changes observed during simulated self-irradiation, where significant changes were observed on the atomic scale. This will provide the basis for further studies of radiation damage, glass-crystal interfaces and damage across glass-crystal interfaces. In order to further enhance the understanding of potential models, a novel glass of composition LiAlF4 has been successfully described, and may become relevant in the future as a thin film coating in Li-ion batteries.
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Lu, Xiaonan. "Effects of Transition Metal Oxide and Mixed-Network Formers on Structure and Properties of Borosilicate Glasses." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1404587/.

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First, the effect of transition metal oxide (e.g., V2O5, Co2O3, etc.) on the physical properties (e.g., density, glass transition temperature (Tg), optical properties and mechanical properties) and chemical durability of a simplified borosilicate nuclear waste glass was investigated. Adding V2O5 in borosilicate nuclear waste glasses decreases the Tg, while increasing the fracture toughness and chemical durability, which benefit the future formulation of nuclear waste glasses. Second, structural study of ZrO2/SiO2 substitution in silicate/borosilicate glasses was systematically conducted by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and the quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPR) analysis to correlate structural features with measured properties. Third, for bioactive glass formulation, mixed-network former effect of B2O3 and SiO2 on the structure, as well as the physical properties and bioactivity were studied by both experiments and MD simulation. B2O3/SiO2 substitution of 45S5 and 55S5 bioactive glasses increases the glass network connectivity, correlating well with the reduction of bioactivity tested in vitro. Lastly, the effect of optical dopants on the optimum analytical performance on atom probe tomography (APT) analysis of borosilicate glasses was explored. It was found that optical doping could be an effective way to improve data quality for APT analysis with a green laser assisted system, while laser spot size is found to be critical for optimum performance. The combined experimental and simulation approach adopted in this dissertation led to a deeper understanding of complex borosilicate glass structures and structural origins of various properties.
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Ebrahem, Firaz [Verfasser], Bernd [Akademischer Betreuer] Markert, and Raimund [Akademischer Betreuer] Rolfes. "Molecular structure-property relationships of network glasses under mechanical loading / Firaz Ebrahem ; Bernd Markert, Raimund Rolfes." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1230661727/34.

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Chen, Ping. "Intermediate phases, boson and floppy modes, and demixing of network structures of binary As-S and As-Se glasses." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1250689099.

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Vignarooban, Kandasamy. "Boson Mode, Dimensional Crossover, Medium Range Structure and Intermediate Phase in Lithium- and Sodium-Borate Glasses." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1353100044.

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Zaiter, Rayan. "Silver and/or mercury doped thioarsenate and thiogermanate glasses : Transport, structure and ionic sensibility." Thesis, Littoral, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018DUNK0485/document.

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Le but de ce travail de thèse consiste à étudier les propriétés physico-chimiques des verres chalcogénures afin de pouvoir les utiliser comme membranes de capteurs chimiques destinés pour le dosage des ions Hg²⁺. Dans un premier temps, les propriétés macroscopiques des systèmes vitreux AgY-As₂S₃ (Y = Br, I), HgS-GeS₂, AgI-HgS-As₂S₃ et AgI-HgS-GeS₂, telles que les densités et les températures caractéristiques (Tg et Tc) ont été mesurées et analysées selon les compositions des verres. Puis, dans un second temps, les propriétés de transport ont été étudiés à l'aide de la spectroscopie d'impédance complexe d'une part, ou d'autre part, par des mesures de la résistivité. Ces dernières montrent que les verres de chalcogénures dopés à l'halogénure d'argent présentent deux différents régimes de transports au-dessus du seuil de percolation xc ≈ 30 ppm : (i) domaine de percolation critique, et (ii) domaine contrôlé par modificateur. Vient ensuite la troisième partie, elle consiste à déchiffrer les relations composition/structure/propriété grâce à plusieurs études structurales. Des mesures par spectroscopie Raman, par diffraction de neutrons et de rayons X haute énergie, par diffusion des neutrons sous petits angles (SANS), ainsi que des modélisations RMC/DFT et AMID ont été réalisées. Enfin, la dernière partie de ce travail était une étude préliminaire des caractéristiques des nouveaux capteurs chimiques. Il a été consacré à l'étude des relations entre la composition et la sensibilité des membranes ainsi qu'aux limites de détection qui les définissent
The aim of the thesis is to study the physicochemical properties of the silver halide doped chalcogenide glasses for the possibility to use them as chemical sensors for quantitative analysis of Hg²⁺ ions. First, the macroscopic properties of AgY-As₂S₃ (Y = Br, I), HgS-GeS₂, AgI-HgS-As₂S₃ and AgI-HgS-GeS₂ glassy systems such as the densities and the characteristic temperatures (Tg and Tc) were measured and analyzed according to the glass compositions. Second, the transport properties were studied using complex impedance and dc conductivity. Measurements show that the silver halide doped chalcogenide glasses exhibit two drastically different ion transport regimes above the percolation threshold at xc ≈ 30 ppm : (i) critical percolation, and (ii) modifier-controlled regimes. Third, to unveil the composition/structure/property relationships, various structural studies were carried out. Raman spectroscopy, high-energy X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction and small-angle neutron scattering experiments, together with RMC/DFT and AMID modelling were employed. Finally, the last part was a preliminary study of the characteristics of new chemical sensors. It was devoted to study the relationship between the membranes' composition and sensitivity but also detection limits
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Gunasekera, Kapila J. "Intermediate Phase, Molecular Structure, Aging and Network Topology of Ternary GexSbxSe100-2x Glasses." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1277132558.

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Wezka, Kamil. "Pressure induced structural transformations of network forming glasses." Thesis, University of Bath, 2013. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608339.

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The method of in situ high pressure neutron diffraction was employed to measure reliable diffraction patterns to help illuminate the density-driven structural transformations in GeO2, SiO2, B2O3 and GeSe2 glass. The majority of this neutron diffraction work employed the diffractometer D4c at the ILL with a Paris-Edinburgh press which enabled the pressure range from ambient to 8 GPa to be accessed. In the cases of GeO2 and GeSe2 glass, the neutron diffraction with isotopic substitution (NDIS) protocol was developed to provide benchmark experimental results to test the results obtained from various molecular dynamics simulations using different theoretical schemes. For GeO2 glass, from a combination of neutron diffraction and molecular dynamics results, it was found that the increase in density of the glass initially occurs through a reorganisation of corner-shared GeO4 tetrahedra on an intermediate length scale as the pressure is increased from ambient to 5 GPa. At higher pressures, there is a progression from a tetrahedral to an octahedral glass, via the formation of 5-fold coordinated Ge atoms which have a predominantly square pyramidal geometry. In the work on SiO2 and B2O3 glass the pressure range for the in situ high pressure neutron diffraction results was extended to 14.5 GPa and 17.5 GPa, respectively, by using the PEARL diffractometer at ISIS. For both materials the neutron diffraction results provide complementary information to pressure x-ray diffraction studies helping to elucidate the mechanism of network collapse. In the case of SiO2 glass, densification over the measured pressure range occurs predominantly by a reorganisation of corner shared SiO4 tetrahedra on an intermediate length scale. In the case of B2O3 glass, the B-O coordination number changes from 3 to ∼ 3.9 at the pressure is increased from ∼ 8 to 17.5 GPa. For GeSe2 glass, from a combination of neutron diffraction and molecular dynamics results, it was found that the density increase from ambient pressure up ∼ 8 GPa occurs by a reorganisation of both corner and edge-sharing GeSe4 tetrahedra on an intermediate length scale. Above this pressure, 5- and 6-fold coordinated Ge atoms start to form at a similar density and homopolar bonds play an intimate role in the formation of these higher coordinated polyhedra.
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Dallari, Francesco. "Slow dynamics in colloids and network glasses close to the structural arrest: the Stress-relaxation as a root to equilibrium." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/367754.

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Microscopically disordered materials are at the core of an increasing number of new material technologies, but crucial limitations in their applications come from the physical aging of their properties and the extreme sensitivity on the system's history, which stem from the their intrinsically out of equilibrium nature. A clear understanding of the aging phenomenon, as well as the effects of the release of internal stresses acting at different length-scales, are still lacking. In this Thesis the slow dynamics of disordered systems is investigated at different length-scales ranging from the micrometre length-scale probed in optical experiments to length-scales of few angstroms probed in wide angle X-ray experiments. The time evolution of the probed out of equilibrium dynamics is thoroughly studied in different glasses exploiting the multi speckle photon correlation technique with different sources. The investigated materials are a set of strong glass-formers (materials that can be found in a wide variety of common glassware) and colloidal suspensions at high volume fractions in an arrested state. The latter class of materials are known as soft glasses and in recent years they are earning great interest and can be found in a lot of industrial products (e.g. wall paint, ink, chocolate) or in production processes (e.g. ceramics). Despite the differences between the probed systems and their production protocols, it is here shown that in all the studied materials the microscopic dynamics displays common trends and that it is strongly connected to the relaxation of the stresses that have remained trapped in these systems after their production.
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Books on the topic "Network Structure - Glasses"

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Papailiou, Konstantin O. Silicone Composite Insulators: Materials, Design, Applications. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013.

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Papailiou, Konstantin O., and Frank Schmuck. Silicone Composite Insulators: Materials, Design, Applications. Springer, 2016.

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Papailiou, Konstantin O., and Frank Schmuck. Silicone Composite Insulators: Materials, Design, Applications. Springer, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Network Structure - Glasses"

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Nishi, Yoshitake, Naoki Yamaguchi, Kousuke Takahashi, Kazuya Oguri, and Akira Tonegawa. "EB Induced Stress Relaxation of Tight Network Structure in Silica and Soda Glasses." In Materials Science Forum, 385–92. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-980-6.385.

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Newman, Charles M., and Daniel L. Stein. "Thermodynamic Chaos and the Structure of Short-Range Spin Glasses." In Mathematical Aspects of Spin Glasses and Neural Networks, 243–87. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4102-7_7.

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Jančíková, Zora, Pavel Koštial, Soňa Rusnáková, Petr Jonšta, Ivan Ružiak, Jiří David, Jan Valíček, and Karel Frydrýšek. "Artificial Neural Network Modelling of Glass Laminate Sample Shape Influence on the ESPI Modes." In Advanced Structured Materials, 61–69. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31497-1_3.

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Salmon, Philip S., and Anita Zeidler. "The Atomic-Scale Structure of Network Glass-Forming Materials." In Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Disordered Materials, 1–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15675-0_1.

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Wright, Adrian C. "Defect-Free Vitreous Networks: The Idealised Structure of SiO2 and Related Glasses." In Defects in SiO2 and Related Dielectrics: Science and Technology, 1–35. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0944-7_1.

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Oleinik, Eduard F. "Epoxy-aromatic amine networks in the glassy state structure and properties." In Advances in Polymer Science, 49–99. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-16423-5_12.

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Martin, James D. "Amorphous Materials Engineering: Designing Structure in Liquid and Glassy Metal-Halide Networks." In Ceramic Transactions Series, 57–67. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118408063.ch5.

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Santos, Victor. "European Structural and Investment Funds 2021–2027: Prediction Analysis Based on Machine Learning Models." In Springer Proceedings in Political Science and International Relations, 167–75. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18161-0_11.

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ABSTRACTThis research presents several machine learning algorithms and prediction models to anticipate the European Structural and Investment Funds (ESIF) application in different European Union (EU) countries. These analyses start with data training from 2014 to 2020 ESIF, to test and predict the application of the future ESI Funds for 2021–2027. We deliver an analysis focused on the priorities of each fund, highlighting the differences between the programs in different time periods. In the framework of the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), we will specifically address the assessment of the following themes: support innovation of small and medium-sized businesses, to greener, low-carbon, and resilient projects with enhanced mobility. In what concerns the European Social Fund (ESF), we will evaluate projects that promote and increase the EU’s employment, social, education, and skills policies, including structural reforms in these areas. Regarding the cohesion funds (CF), we will be targeting the improvements between the two ESIFs, looking at projects in the field of environment and trans-European networks in the area of transport infrastructure (TEN-T). In summary, we will be looking at the future of ESIF through the glasses of artificial intelligence.
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Xu, Jing, Jian Wang, Dongpo Wang, and Zheng Chen. "Measurement of Velocity and Particle Size in Shock Wave Area Generated by Experimental Granular Flow Impacting on a Cylinder Based on Image Processing Methods." In Advances in Frontier Research on Engineering Structures, 275–86. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8657-4_25.

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AbstractThe measurement of flow velocity and particle size remains an important issue in granular -flow dynamics and can provide important basis to better understand the physics in granular material, particularly when it impacts on a structure. In this study, laboratory chute experiments were performed with quartz-glass particle materials to investigate the characteristics of granular shock developed upstream of a cylinder generated by granular flow impacts. A time series of flow images recorded by a camera has been analyzed and processed using the digital image processing methods such as the gray processing, the image binarization, the image corrosion and expansion, and the generative adversarial networks, with a goal of obtaining flow velocity and particle size in the granular shock area. The experimental results reveal that the granular-flow velocity grows with increasing slope angle. The granular shock thickness shows a general increase with the growing number of particles in the shock area, and the number of particles demonstrates an inversely proportional to increasing Froude number, providing a potential method for determining the particle size of dense granular flow. The findings of this study could help to better understand the shock dynamics of granular flow impacting on an obstacle.
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Li, Peixian, Gecheng Yuan, Zhenghua Lu, Qian Li, and Qiguang Wu. "Network Structures and Thermal Characteristics of Bi2O3–SiO2–B2O3 Glass Powder by Sol-Gel." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 227–37. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5947-7_24.

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Conference papers on the topic "Network Structure - Glasses"

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USUKI, TAKESHI, KOHEI NAKAJIMA, YASUO KAMEDA, MASAKI SAKURAI, and TOSHIO NASU. "COORDINATION ENVIRONMENT AND NETWORK STRUCTURE IN AgI DOPED As-CHALCOGENIDE GLASSES." In Proceedings of the 1st International Discussion Meeting. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812706904_0019.

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Seeber, W., D. Ehrt, T. Danger, E. Heumann, E. Mix, and G. Huber. "Improved Yb-doped fluoride phosphate laser glasses with optimized local structure." In The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1996.cml2.

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The favorable laser properties of Yb-doped earth alkaline fluorapalite crystals (FAP) have been demonstrated [1]. Fluoride phosphate (FP) glasses are a kind of amorphous analogon to these both fluoride and phosphate anions containing crystals. It could be shown that Yb-doped FP-glasses have the potential for cheap diode pumped cw-lasers acting at wavelength around 1.04 μm at room temperature (2). In first experiments using laser diodes emitting at 968 nm (longitudinal pumping geometry, hemispheric resonator with an output mirror of r = −5 cm radius of curvature, T = 2 %) and not optimized FP-glasses we achieved maximum output powers Pout of about 145 mW and absorbed pump powers at thresholds Pthr,abs of about 185 mW. Recently, experiments with optimized glasses demonstrated improved laser performance (up to Pout of about 220 mW;Pthr,abs ~106 mW) [3]. Similar to DeLoach et al. [4] we trace the surprisingly good laser parameters to the special energy level structure of the 2F7/2:Yb ground manifold in the mentioned materials. The laser transition terminates at an electronic Yb-level (about 600 cm−1 above the ground state) interacting with the local vibrational modes of localized Yb-O bonds. The huge variety of FP-glass compositions provides a useful tool to tailor the local structure at the site of the Yb-ion and in this way the electron-phonon interactions itself. To optimize the host glass matrix we used the following simple structural model: Yb3− ions are mostly six co-ordinated in the investigated FP-glasses. Three PO43− (phosphate)-tetra-hedra form a cluster with D3-symmetry about the Yb ion. So-called v4-vibrations of the surrounding phosphate groups (~ 570 cm−1) can interact with the electronic Yb-transition. The addition of heavy ions (e.g. Ba) and other tetrahedral groups (e.g. SO42−) to batch composition: 95 mol-% (AlF3 earth alkaline fluorides) - 5 mol-% Sr(PO3)2 strongly improves the laser properties. This can be explained by formation of [Yb(PO4)3]-clusters which are nearly isolated from the mainparts of the network. Because of the inhomogeneous site variation in glasses no detailed structures in the absorption spectra could be observed even at low temperatures. Nevertheless, the corresponding terminal laser level (~ 600 cm−1 at high pump power densities) supports the assumption of efficient electron-phonon coupling. The intensity borrowing effect by this mechanism can be understood in terms of a electron-vibrational coupling constant [4], but the direct influence on the laser properties itself is not yet understood. We believe that the electron-phonon coupling efficiently depopulates the terminal laser level too. In conclusion, efficient cw-laser action in optimized FP-glasses can be traced to nearly isolated [Yb(PO4)3]-clusters with effective electron-phonon coupling.
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Taheri, B., A. Munoz F., R. C. Powell, D. H. Blackburn, and D. C. Cranmer. "Effect of structure and composition of the thermal lensing and permanent laser-induced refractive-index changes in glasses." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1991.mc3.

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We have previously reported the ability to produce permanent refractive-index gratings in rare earth-doped glasses through the creation of laser-induced local structural changes and have shown how thermal lensing affects the grating properties. We present here the extension of this research to the investigation of the effects of glass structure and composition on thermal lensing and on the ability to produce permanent gratings. New types of lithium borate, lead and magnesium silicates and germanates, and a lead phosphate glass were investigated. The results of four-wave mixing experiments show that the grating scattering efficiency is strongly dependent on the strength of the chemical bonds and the charge to radius ratio of the glass components. The thermal lensing properties of these materials under 7-ns pulsed excitation at 457nm can be attributed to the molecular polarizibility of their components. They are also dependent on lead concentration and are stronger in the silicates and germanates, having continuous random network structures, compared to the phosphates and borates with more constrained chain- and ring-type structures, respectively. A model is presented to interpret the results of thermal lensing experiments.
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Aleksandrov, I. V., Z. V. Nesterova, and G. T. Petrovskii. "Vibrational states of native and photoinduced colour centers in silica fibers." In The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1994.cwf88.

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The problem of microdefects (or colour centers) in transparent glasses is very actual now. In a more common sense this question connects with the fundamental aspects of a glass structure. As the confirmation of such proposal it must be mentioned about the presence of a mutually exclusive model of silica glasses. The most known theories operate with local microdefects, such as non-bridged oxygens or ring groups in silica network, but the same physical experiments were used to establish the microclaster model (see Ref. 1 and references therein). In a last case the term "defect" is absent at all. So, the formulation of the new spectroscopic tools for glass structure investigation is needed.
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Zhang, Mingjin, Nannan Wang, Xinbo Gao, and Yunsong Li. "Markov Random Neural Fields for Face Sketch Synthesis." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/159.

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Synthesizing face sketches with both common and specific information from photos has been recently attracting considerable attentions in digital entertainment. However, the existing approaches either make the strict similarity assumption on face sketches and photos, leading to lose some identity-specific information, or learn the direct mapping relationship from face photos to sketches by the simple neural network, resulting in the lack of some common information. In this paper, we propose a novel face sketch synthesis based on the Markov random neural fields including two structures. In the first structure, we utilize the neural network to learn the non-linear photo-sketch relationship and obtain the identity-specific information of the test photo, such as glasses, hairpins and hairstyles. In the second structure, we choose the nearest neighbors of the test photo patch and the sketch pixel synthesized in the first structure from the training data which ensure the common information of Miss or Mr Average. Experimental results on the Chinese University of Hong Kong face sketch database illustrate that our proposed framework can preserve the common structure and capture the characteristic features. Compared with the state-of-the-art methods, our method achieves better results in terms of both quantitative and qualitative experimental evaluations.
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Hobbs, Linn W. "What Can Topological Models Tell Us About Glass Structure and Properties?" In Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/bgppf.1997.jsua.2.

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Atomic arrangements in condensed matter partition three-dimensional space into polyhedra whose edges are interatomic vectors. These polyhedra, formally known as void polytopes, fill (tesselate) space, and their identity and arrangement can provide one description of a given atomic arrangement (Figure 1a) [1]. Other tessellations associated with space-filling of random structures are Voronoi polyhedral cells [2] and their dual the Delauney network [3]. These tessellations are relatively intuitive in two dimensions, but considerably more complex in three-dimensions—for example in tetrahedral networks like SiO2—where a set of as many as 126 void polyhedra may be required to model interstitial space [1]. Because many arrangements favor particular coordination of one atom by others, owing to bond orbital, radius ratio, or local electrostatic neutrality considerations, discrete coordination polyhedra comprise a subset of the possible void polytopes, and the structure may be described by the way in which coordination polyhedra are connected together and fill space by defining the remaining void polytopes. Space filling by connected structural units was a favorite description tool of early crystal chemists [4], and in fact the connectivity of such structural polytopes (number of polytopes sharing vertices, edges and faces) has been shown to correlate with glass-forming ability and extendability of aperiodic networks [5] and to govern the amorphizability of crystalline solids [6].
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Armellini, C., A. Chiappini, A. Chiasera, M. Ferrari, Y. Jestin, P. H. Huy, M. Mattarelli, et al. "Nanocomposite Photonic Glasses, Waveguiding Glass Ceramics and Confined Structures Tailoring Er3+ Spectroscopic Properties." In 2007 9th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icton.2007.4296206.

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Li, C. James, and T. Y. Huang. "Automatic Structure and Parameter Training Methods for Modeling of Mechanical System by Recurrent Neural Networks." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0402.

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Abstract Automatic nonlinear-system identification is very useful for various disciplines including, e.g., automatic control, mechanical diagnostics, and financial market prediction. This paper describes a fully automatic structural and weight learning method for recurrent neural networks (RNN). The basic idea is training with residuals, i.e., a single hidden neuron RNN is trained to track the residuals of an existing network before it is augmented to the existing network to form a larger and better network. The network continues to grow until either a desired level of accuracy or a preset maximal number of neurons is reached. The method requires neither guess of initial weight values nor the number of neurons in the hidden layer from users. This new structural and weight learning algorithm is used to find RNN models for a two-degree-of-freedom planar robot, a Van der Pol oscillator and a Mackey-Glass equation using their simulated responses to excitations. In addition, a RNN model is obtained for a real robot using its input and output measurements. The algorithm is effective in all four cases and RNN models were shown to be superior to linear models and hybrid models wherever the comparison was made.
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Klimusheva, G. V., Yu A. Garbovskiy, A. V. Gridyakina, A. S. Tolochko, D. A. Melnik, and T. A. Mirnaya. "Nonlinear optical response of smectic structure glasses based on cobalt alkanoates." In 2010 10th International Conference on Laser and Fiber-Optical Networks Modeling (LFNM). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lfnm.2010.5624244.

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Liegong, Wu, Xin Qiming, and Robert E. Parks. "The Surface Structure of Machined Optical Glass." In Science of Optical Finishing. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/sciof.1990.sma7.

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Eight kinds of optical glass were ground with loose abrasive SiC and sintered diamond tools. The machined surfaces were examined with an electromicroscope. It had been found that the surface cracks of glass were distinguished from the network structure as known before, instead it appeared slice-shaped and overlapped. This new discover will be benifit to the study on the mechanism of grinding of optical glass.
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