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Academic literature on the topic 'Network RTK'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Network RTK"

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İNAL, Cevat, Ahmet Mete GÜNDÜZ, and Sercan BÜLBÜL. "Comparison of Classic RTK and Network-RTK Methods." Selcuk University Journal of Engineering ,Science and Technology 2, no. 2 (January 1, 2014): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15317/scitech.201426890.

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Zhang, Baocheng, Peter J. G. Teunissen, and Dennis Odijk. "A Novel Un-differenced PPP-RTK Concept." Journal of Navigation 64, S1 (October 14, 2011): S180—S191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463311000361.

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In this contribution, a novel un-differenced (UD) (PPP-RTK) concept, i.e. a synthesis of Precise Point Positioning and Network-based Real-Time Kinematic concept, is introduced. In the first step of our PPP-RTK approach, the UD GNSS observations from a regional reference network are processed based upon re-parameterised observation equations, corrections for satellite clocks, phase biases and (interpolated) atmospheric delays are calculated and provided to users. In the second step, these network-based corrections are used at the user site to restore the integer nature of his UD phase ambiguities, which makes rapid and high accuracy user positioning possible. The proposed PPP-RTK approach was tested using two GPS CORS networks with inter-station distances ranging from 60 to 100 km. The first test network is the northern China CORS network and the second is the Australian Perth CORS network. In the test of the first network, a dual-frequency PPP-RTK user receiver was used, while in the test of the second network, a low-cost, single-frequency PPP-RTK user receiver was used. The performance of fast ambiguity resolution and the high accuracy positioning of the PPP-RTK results are demonstrated.
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Aykut, Nedim Onur, Engin Gülal, and Burak Akpinar. "Performance of Single Base RTK GNSS Method versus Network RTK." Earth Sciences Research Journal 19, no. 2 (December 17, 2015): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v19n2.51218.

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<p>After the late 1990s, GNSS/GPS network RTK technology has become the preferred technique in the world, today widely used in various applications such as monitoring, early warning systems, and mapping and engineering applications. By the end of 2008, the CORS-TR network was being used for engineering applications to determine 3D positions across the whole of Turkey. On the other hand, single base RTK stations are being operated in Turkey. The YLDZ is one of these types of stations. It was established at the Yıldız Technical University by the Department of Geomatic Engineering in 2012. In this paper, the performance of the YLDZ station is examined by use of measurements in 5 Istanbul GPS Triangulation Network (IGNA) benchmark points, with five repeatability measurements up to 50 km from the station. The CORS-TR network RTK solution is used at the same points, and the results are compared. The measured coordinates produced by the two RTK solutions are compared with the IGNA point coordinates. Satellite geometry, initialisation time and the standard deviation of repeatability are also determined. The differences between measured and known coordinates are calculated as 1-2 cm horizontally and close to 3 cm vertically using the YLDZ single base RTK method.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Desempeño de un Método de Navegación Cinética Satelital en Tiempo Real (RTK) de una Sola Base en Comparación de un Sistema RTK</strong></p><p> </p><p><strong>Resumen</strong></p><p>Después de la década de los 90, el Sistema Global de Navegación por satélite/Sistema de Posicionamiento Global (GNSS/GPS, en inglés), basado en tecnología de Navegación Cinética Satelital en Tiempo Real (RTK, del inglés Real Time Kinematic) se convirtió en la técnica preferida en el mundo y que todavía se utiliza en varias aplicaciones como el monitoreo, sistemas de alerta temprana y mapeo e ingeniería de aplicativos. Para finales de 2008, los aplicativos de ingeniería utilizan la red de Estaciones de Referencia de Funcionamiento Continuo (CORS-TR, un proyecto establecido en Turquía) para determinar posiciones en tres dimensiones a lo largo del territorio turco. Por otro lado, las estaciones RTK de una sola base han funcionado en Turquía. La YLDZ es una estación de este tipo que fue establecida en la Universidad Técnica de Yildiz por el departamento de Ingeniería Geomática en 2012. En este trabajo se examina el desempeño dela estación YLDZ a través de la medición de cinco puntos de referencia del Sistema de Triangulación GPS de Estambul (IGNA, en inglés) con cinco mediciones repetitivas a más de 50 km de la estación. Similares medidas RTK se hicieron con la red CORS-TR y se compararon los resultados. Las dos mediciones producidas por las soluciones RTK se compararon con los puntos de coordenadas IGNA. También se determinó la geometría satelital, el tiempo de inicialización y la desviación estándar de la repetibilidad. Las diferencias entre las coordenadas medidas y las coordenadas conocidas se calcularon en un rango de 1-2 centímetros horizontalmente y cerca de 3 centímetros verticalmente para la estación YLDZ con el método RTK.</p>
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İNAL, Cevat, Sercan BÜLBÜL, and Ömer YILDIRIM. "Repeatable of Network RTK Measurement." Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Sciences and Engineering 14, no. 2 (June 10, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5578/fmbd.8548.

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Zou, Xuan, Maorong Ge, Weiming Tang, Chuang Shi, and Jingnan Liu. "URTK: undifferenced network RTK positioning." GPS Solutions 17, no. 3 (August 15, 2012): 283–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10291-012-0277-5.

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Koivula, Hannu, Jaakko Kuokkanen, Simo Marila, Sonja Lahtinen, and Tuukka Mattila. "Assessment of sparse GNSS network for network RTK." Journal of Geodetic Science 8, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jogs-2018-0014.

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Abstract We tested the accuracy and usability of a sparse GNSS reference station network for network RTK (NRTK) using the Finnish permanent GNSS network FinnRef. We modified the configuration of the FinnRef network stations used in NRTK computation. This allowed us to perform the test both inside and outside of the network area using different NRTK methods and two different RTK receivers. In the test area the average distance between the FinnRef stationswas 160 km. As a comparison,we tested also with the commercial Trimnet and HxGN SmartNet positioning services operated by Geotrim Oy and Leica Geosystems Finland, respectively. Tests showed that the horizontal and vertical rms of Trimnet servicewas 16mmand 40 mm, and of HxGN SmartNet service 23mmand 48 mm. The best rms for the sparse NLS (National Land Survey of Finland) Service was 22 mm and 56 mm. These results indicate that a good NRTK solution can be achieved with a sparser network than typically used. This study also indicates, that the methods for NRTK processing can also affect the quality of the solution.
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Park, Byungwoon, and Changdon Kee. "The Compact Network RTK Method: An Effective Solution to Reduce GNSS Temporal and Spatial Decorrelation Error." Journal of Navigation 63, no. 2 (February 23, 2010): 343–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463309990440.

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This paper proposes a method that combines compact real-time kinematic (RTK) and reference station (RS) networking techniques, and shows that this approach can reduce both the temporal and spatial decorrelation error. The compact RTK method compatibility with all the conventional network RTK systems, i.e., Master-Auxiliary Concept (MAC), Virtual Reference Stations (VRS), and Flächen-Korrektur Parameter (FKP), is examined theoretically in this paper. To prove that the compact RTK approach is not only valid, but also helpful to the network RTK system, a field test was held using one hour of Receiver Independent Exchange Format (RINEX) data logged every second from Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS). No matter which network RTK method is applied, the Compact Network RTK approach resolves the ambiguity of the carrier phase in 10–40 s and determines position with 6–7 cm horizontal and 7–8 cm vertical error (95%) in a 100 by 100 km region. Moreover, the Compact Network RTK approach enables network RTK service providers to reduce the data-link bandwidth for correction messages to 5–700 bps (bit/s) down from several thousand bps, currently 9600 bps of GPRS/GSM, without a severe degradation of accuracy.
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Cranenbroek, J. van, R. Keenan, and V. Lui. "Making Profitable GNSS RTK Network Infrastructure." Journal of Global Positioning Systems 5, no. 1&2 (December 31, 2006): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5081/jgps.5.1.58.

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Xing-wei, Gao, and Liu Jing-nan. "Novel algorithms for GPS network RTK." Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 8, no. 2 (June 2003): 596–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02899824.

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Odolinski, Robert. "Temporal correlation for network RTK positioning." GPS Solutions 16, no. 2 (March 1, 2011): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10291-011-0213-0.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Network RTK"

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Allenby, Patrick. "Enkelstations-RTK eller Nätverks-RTK : I Naturvårdsuppdrag." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för geografi, medier och kommunikation, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-33997.

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Sammanfattning   Förutsättning   I examensarbetet har det ingått ett verkligt ärende som handläggs av mig som MBK-ingenjör inom Lantmäteriet. Det är ett naturvårdsuppdrag från Länsstyrelsen och innefattar bl a inmätning och utstakning av gräns på ett blivande naturreservat.   Naturvårdsuppdraget Huskeberget ligger ca 5 km norr om Södra Finnskoga och sydväst om Höljes i norra Värmland. Omkrets 2,38 km. Områdets höjd är ca 550 m över havet och ligger på sydöstra sluttningen av Huskeberget.   Fix   Lantmäteriet använder idag Leica Viva CS15/GS15 mätutrustning vid inmätning av brytpunkter och gränser. I detta fall det blivande naturreservatet. Under vissa omständigheter kan det ta tid att få fix-lösning eller helt utebli. Dessa omständigheter kan bero på ett flertal faktorer bl a kraftiga jonosfärsstörningar och/eller GPRS-nätets täckningsområde för mottagning av SWEPOS nätverks-RTK tjänst.   Inriktning   Fokus har lagts på att utvärdera ett alternativ till nätverks-RTK, en sk enkelstations-RTK med uppkoppling till en tillfällig referensstation.   Närmare undersökning har gjorts på tiden för initialisering vid varje enskild inmätning som sedan jämförts i de två mätmetoderna. Tiden för själva arbetet sätts sedan i relation till resultatet från undersökningen för att ge en helhetsbild av tidsåtgång i arbetet med vardera mätmetoden.   Resultat   Efter alla brytpunkter mätts in visade det sig att i just det här området inte fanns några anmärkningsvärda problem att få fix-lösning med någon av de valda mätmetoderna. Resultatet visar därmed små skillnader i tidsjämförelser.   En oplanerad testmätning med nätverks-RTK gjordes i tät skog alldeles intill en inmätt brytpunkt utan framgång att få fix-lösning. Detta för att belysa problematiken med att få fix-lösning vid mätning i tät skog.   Rapporten innehåller en kortfattad beskrivning av delar av arbetet i Lantmäteriets handläggning av naturvårdsuppdrag.
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Ergun, Firat, and Trevor Schwartz. "NCC GNSS RTK Network Accuracy Analysis." Thesis, KTH, Geodesi och satellitpositionering, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-199667.

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The purpose of this report is to provide a detailed assessment and investigation into the performance of the Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) network Nordic Construction Company (NCC) established, as part of its aim to better leverage technology within its business, to ensure the high quality and efficiency its clients have come to expect of NCC. Within the course of this investigation, extended RTK and raw data survey sessions were undertaken at each of four baselines significant to NCC (5, 15, 25, and 35 kilometers) from three of NCC’s five RTK base stations. Subsequent analysis resulted in hard documentation of the network performances and of the fidelity of the implementation itself. The research also resulted in deliverables consisting of statistics, computations, as well as utilities that will aid in decision making and allow users to better integrate and utilize the RTK network confidently within projects. It was found that NCC’s RTK performed essentially as expected in each circumstance and well within theory and empirical experience in terms of expected accuracies and best practices. This was concluded by comparison to accessible works by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the NAVSTAR (GPS) development team. Of which are aggregated within document EM-110-1-1003 (NAVSTAR Global Positioning System Surveying) published by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. It is important to outline that this manual’s extensive use as a primary work throughout this report is due to authors’ trust in the publishing sources as well as the documents robust combination and illustration of theoretical and empirical content. The manual states that performance in the range of 1-3 centimeters in the horizontal and 3-10 centimeters in the vertical should be expected under the circumstances tested herein and to a majority were achieved. Some unique observations and patterns were identified as a result of discussion with NCC and analysis of the data. Patterns in the data pointed to a number of things in regards to the time and elevation mask influence. During the morning sessions the fifteen and thirty  five kilometer baselines exhibited better performance, while conversely the five and twenty five kilometer baselines performed best in the afternoon. In regards to elevation mask, little influence was found at the five kilometer baseline length, whoever the 10° displayed the best performance at the remaining baseline lengths.
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Odolinski, Robert, and Johan Sunna. "Detail surveying with network RTK -an accuracy research." Thesis, KTH, Geodesi (stängd 20110301), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-199672.

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This thesis is an accuracy research of detail surveying with networkRTK. Another objective of the thesis concerns some proposed controlmethods and to estimate if they are practically useful, and if the theoreticalassumptions of accuracy levels can be adjusted to standardisedtolerances for such control methods.The control methods are “revisit with network RTK” and “separatecontrol with conventional technique”, both in plane and height. Therevisit can be processed alone, or integrated with the productionmeasurements. Conventional technique involves a totalstation or alevelling instrument. The authors consider the control methods to bepractically useful.The modification of the theoretical assumptions of accuracy levelshas been based on an extensive material of measurements, calculations,analyses and considerations. This thesis achieved a standarderror in plane of 10 mm and in height of 15 mm (without the standarderror of the geoid model), which is comparable with similarstudies carried out lately. However, the conditions in this study areconsidered to be very favourable. To achieve the accuracy in plane, atripod of some type is necessary to minimize the influence from thecentering standard errors.Our modified accuracy levels can in the future be adjusted to standardisedtolerances, but more studies at different locations andunder other conditions are then necessary.
Detta examensarbete avser en noggrannhetsundersökning av detaljmätning med nätverks-RTK. Underlagsmaterialet har bestått i förslag till kontrollmetoder och teoretiska antaganden om de noggrannhetsnivåer som kan förväntas. Underlaget har utarbetats av Clas-Göran Persson vid Lantmäteriet (Persson 2008a). Det har också ingått i uppgiften att bedöma om metoderna är användbara även för rutinmässiga kontroller vid ”vardagsmätning” samt om noggrannhetsnivåerna skulle kunna omformas till felgränser, a la HMK (Handbok till Mätningskungörelsen), för sådana metoder. Kontrollmetoderna i fält består dels av ”återbesök med nätverks- RTK”, dels av ”separat kontroll med konventionell teknik”. De avser såväl plan- som höjdläget. Återbesök kan göras som särskild åtgärd eller integrerat med pågående produktionsmätningar. Konventionell teknik innebär kontroll med antingen totalstation eller avvägningsinstrument. Författarna anser att kontrollmetoderna är praktiskt tilllämpbara; återbesök kan enkelt genomföras under pågående detaljmätningar och den separata kontrollen med konventionell teknik (totalstation) är passande i en beställarroll. Modifieringen av de antagna noggrannhetsnivåerna har baserats på ett ganska omfattande material av mätningar, beräkningar, analyser, och överväganden. I detta arbete uppnåddes ett medelfel i plan på 10 mm och ett medelfel i höjd på 15 mm (exklusive felet i geoidmodellen SWEN05_RH2000), vilket överensstämmer med liknande studier som gjorts på senare tid (Edwards et al. 2008). Dock kan de förhållanden som rådde i Gävle hösten 2008 anses ha varit mycket gynnsamma. För att uppnå plannoggrannheten krävs emellertid någon form av tvångscentrering för att minimera centreringsfelen. Höjdnoggrannheten kan komma att bli betydligt sämre under perioder av omfattande solfläcksaktivitet som återkommer regelbundet, med ett större maximum kring slutet av år 2011 (SWPC 2009). Detta medför att förväntad noggrannhet i höjd i detta arbete har lagts på en sämre nivå än vad som egentligen uppnåddes. Höjdnoggrannheten kan nog förbättras genom den nya geoidmodellen SWEN08 som lanserades i januari 2009 (Ågren 2009). Fler faktorer som kan påverka noggrannheten för nätverks-RTK är osäkerhet i definitionen av antennens elektriska centrum, avstånd till referensstationerna, lokalisering inom eller utanför SWEPOS-nätverket, etc. De modifierade noggrannhetsnivåerna kan på sikt omformas till felgränser, men då krävs fler projekt på olika platser, utspritt i tiden och under andra förhållanden.
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Morén, Lena, and Matilda Stenbacka. "Fördröjning och bortfall av nätverkskorrektioner : osäkerhetskällor för nätverks-RTK." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-16565.

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Network RTK is a real-time technique for accurate positioning with Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). The technology means the use of correction data from a network of GNSS receivers with known positions (reference stations) to reduce the uncertainty in position for the user´s GNSS receiver (rover). However, this requires that the correction data can be transferred seamlessly to the user in real time. Commonly the corrections are transferred via mobile phones. The Swedish National Land Survey operates a nationwide Network RTK service, where users can receive correction data via GSM or mobile Internet (GPRS). Network RTK service is based on a nationwide network of permanent reference stations for GNSS, SWEPOS which is also used for other applications. The aim of the study is to examine how the delay and loss in the transmission of network corrections affect measurement with Network RTK service from SWEPOS. Three receivers of different types, Trimble, Topcon and Leica were used to receive signals (all three at the same time) via a fixed external GNSS antenna with very good receiving conditions. Special software was used to create delays and loss of correction data from correction data to the three receivers.   The results show that the threshold where delay and loss means that receivers can no longer calculate a precise position varies between brands. Leica was the most sensitive to loss of correction data, Trimble for delays, while Topcon held up well for both. A new initialization requires that data loss and delay are not too large. Position deviations due to loss and delay of correction data indicate a significant difference between radial plane deviations and height deviations, especially at high loss of correction data. Delays of 0–4 s and various losses of correction data have generally small impact on the standard uncertainty values ​​in latitude and longitude. The standard uncertainty in height is 1.5–2 times higher than it is in plane. The impact of the baseline length is not significant, a marginal increase in the standard uncertainty was seen when increasing from 10 km to 30 km.
Nätverks-RTK är en realtidsteknik för noggrann positionering med hjälp av Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). Tekniken innebär att användaren utnyttjar korrektionsdata från ett nätverk av GNSS-mottagare med kända positioner (referensstationer) för att minska osäkerheten i positionen för den egna GNSS-mottagaren (rover). Detta ställer dock krav på att korrektionsdata kan överföras problemfritt till användaren i realtid. Vanligen sker den överföringen via mobiltelefoni. Lantmäteriet driver en rikstäckande nätverks-RTK-tjänst, där användarna kan erhålla korrektionsdata via GSM eller mobilt Internet (GPRS). Nätverks-RTK-tjänsten baseras på ett rikstäckande nät av fasta referensstationer för GNSS, SWEPOS, vilket också används för andra tillämpningar.   Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur fördröjning och bortfall i överföringen av nätverkskorrektioner påverkar mätning med SWEPOS nätverks-RTK-tjänst. För det ändamålet användes tre mottagare av fabrikaten Leica, Trimble och Topcon som parallellt tog emot signaler via en fast extern GNSS-antenn under mycket goda mottagningsförhållanden. En särskild programvara användes för att skapa fördröjningar och bortfall av korrektionsdata till de tre mottagarna.   Resultaten visade att tröskelvärdet, där fördröjning och bortfall gör att mottagarna inte längre kan beräkna en noggrann position, varierade mellan fabrikaten. Leica var mest känslig för bortfall, Trimble för fördröjningar, medan Topcon stod sig bra för båda. Vid ny initialisering av fixlösning krävdes att databortfall och fördröjning inte var för stora för någon av fabrikaten. Positionsavvikelserna beroende på bortfall och fördröjning av korrektionsmeddelanden visar på en signifikant skillnad mellan radiella planavvikelser och höjdavvikelser, speciellt vid höga bortfall. Fördröjningar på 0–4 s och olika bortfall har generellt liten påverkan på standardosäkerheternas värden i latitud- och longitudled. I höjdled är genomgående standardosäkerheten 1,5–2 gånger större än vad den är i planled. Baslinjelängdens betydelse är inte så stor, en marginell ökning av standardosäkerheten kunde ses vid ökning från 10 km till 30 km.
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Ronci, Ernesto <1975&gt. "Dallo statico al Network RTK: l'evoluzione del rilievo satellitare." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/307/.

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Andersson, Hanna-Mia, and Elinor Persson. "Kvalitetsutvärdering av höjdbestämning med GNSS-teknik : Variansanalys av enkelstations-RTK och nätverks-RTK." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-84689.

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GNSS-teknik ersätter i allt högre grad terrester mätteknik, dels på grund av sin enkelhet och dels på grund av att den är mindre kostsam än traditionella metoder. En vanlig förekommande GNSS-teknik är RTK (Real Time Kinematic) som är en teknik som beräknar en position i realtid genom bärvågsmätning. Inom RTK-mätning finns det olika tekniker att utöva; enkelstations-RTK (ERTK) och nätverks-RTK (NRTK). I studien undersöktes kvaliteten och lägesosäkerhet på höjdbestämningsdata erhållen från dessa metoder. En envägs variansanalys (ANOVA) användes för att undersöka om det fanns en signifikant skillnad mellan de genomsnittliga avvikelser som erhölls från mätmetoderna. Mätmetoderna utfördes över två punkter med känd höjd som fastställdes tidigare med ett dubbelavvägningståg. ERTK och NRTK varvades med en observationstid på 20 minuter med positioneringsintervall på 3 sekunder. Tidseparationen mellan mätningarna varade i 30 minuter och sammanlagt utfördes 5 mätserier med 400 observationer i varje serie. Grova fel eliminerades genom att kassera värden som föll utanför 3σ-gränsen. Resultaten från ERTK-mätningarna visade att punkten kunde höjdbestämmas med en lägesosäkerhet på 22 mm och en mätosäkerhet på 32 mm (2σ) för samtliga mätserier tillsammans. Internt varierade lägesosäkerheten 13–28 mm mellan serierna. NRTK mätningarna erhöll en total lägesosäkerhet på 14 mm och en mätosäkerhet på 24 mm (2σ). Från enskilda mätserier erhöll serie 3 den lägsta lägesosäkerheten på 9 mm, och serie 4 den högsta med 18 mm. Generellt visade NRTK-metoden lägre och jämnare avvikelser från referensdata än ERTK, resultatet kan dock ha blivit påverkat av basens läge i relation till ett närliggande träd. ANOVA-testet visade att det fanns en signifikant skillnad mellan mätserierna (p =0,00) per enskild metod, men skillnaden av medelavvikelserna mellan dessa metoder var inte signifikanta (p =0,115). Resultatet från denna studie är viktig med avseende på kvalitetsutvärdering av olika GNSS-metoder och kan användas som underlag för beslut om tillämpad metod för andra mätuppdrag.
A quality survey was performed on the position accuracy of two GNSS-methods (single station-RTK and network-RTK) for height determination, and a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for statistical investigation of differences in the spread of height deviations. The GNSS-methods were applied on a reference point, which was determined prior with leveling, and measured with 20 minutes observation time and 30 minutes time separation, resulting in 5 series containing 400 observations each from respective method. The ANOVA test was performed by grouping the height deviations with respect to the measurement series, as well as the mean deviations with respect to the methods. Height determination with the ERTK method showed a total positional uncertainty of 22 mm (13-28 mm between the series) and a measurement uncertainty of 32 mm (2σ). Results obtained with NRTK showed a total positional uncertainty of 14 mm (9-14 between the series) and a total measurement uncertainty of 24 mm (2σ). The statistical tests showed that the differences between the measurement series for individual methods were significant (p = 0,000) but that the mean deviations between the methods were not (p = 0,115). NRTK obtained a lower positional uncertainty than ERTK measurements in this study, and the ANOVA test showed that there was no significant difference in the distribution of the mean deviations between the measurement methods. This study is important with regard to quality evaluation of different GNSS-methods and can be used as a basis for deciding on the applied measurement method.
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Sedell, Daniel. "Network-RTK - A comparative study of service providers currently active in Sweden." Thesis, KTH, Geodesi och satellitpositionering, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-179062.

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Network-RTK is a method of relative measuring using GNSS that provides users in alarge area with an easy way obtaining low uncertainties in their measurements. Regularnetwork-RTK does not meet the requirements of the Swedish Transport Administration(STA) regarding its larger and/or more complex projects, leading to the concept ofproject-based network-RTK being introduced in Sweden by the STA, in collaborationwith the network-RTK service provider SWEPOS back in 2004. This concept improvesupon regular network-RTK by decreasing the uncertainties and increasing reliabilitieswithin the project area. SWEPOS has since the collaboration back in 2004 supplied theSTA with project-based network-RTK services.The market is not the same today as it was in 2004 and there are more service providersactive in Sweden. This thesis intends to find out if this new market means that there areother alternatives to SWEPOS with regards to the STA’s requirements for project-basednetwork-RTK. This is done through a technical comparison of the different serviceprovider’s measurement uncertainties and their measurement accuracies as well as acomparison of their surrounding infrastructure and the subjective user experience.Similar studies have been conducted before (Edwards et al., 2010) (Martin andMacGovern, 2012) (Saeidi, 2012), but never in Sweden nor with SWEPOS as one of theservice providers as it is only available in Sweden. Neither have they had a focus onmeasurement uncertainties and accuracies in a project-based network-RTK net. Theyhave all concluded that there were no significant differences between any of the serviceproviders compared, in both the measurement uncertainties and accuracies.For the technical part of this thesis, measurements were conducted at four sites: two atdifferent locations within the area of a former, STA project-site, one within the regularnet and the final site outside the entire net, with the amount of collected data varying forthe different sites. Five different GNSS receivers of different brands were used for themeasurements to make it as general as possible.The results show that there are slight differences in the height uncertainty, but the scopeof this thesis does not permit the full correlation study needed to determine if thesedifferences are significant. There does not seem to be any differences in the accuracies ofthe service provider. Some of the sites with less data collected show contradictoryevidence to this statement, but it is deemed that these deviations are more likely relatedto something other than the service providers, such as human interference or errors.Large differences exist in the user experience and surrounding infrastructure, an areawhere SWEPOS at the moment has a clear lead. This is believed to be due to SWEPOSprimarily being a network-RTK service provider and thus allocating more resources andpersonnel, whilst the other service providers also serve as equipment vendor andmaintainers.Combining the two comparison parts leads to the overall conclusion that with theservice providers in their current state with the requirements of the STA specified intheir current state, only SWEPOS is a viable alternative as a supplier of project-basednetwork-RTK. But this is something that could change with relative ease depending on ifthe other service providers allocate more resources.
Nätverks-RTK är en metod för relativ mätning med hjälp av GNSS som ger användare istora områden ett enkelt sätt att förbättra osäkerheterna i sina mätningar. I början av2000 talet då frågan om alternativa lösningar till stomnät på marken aktualiseradesuppfyllde inte tillgängliga nätverks-RTK-lösningar Trafikverkets (TrV) krav påmätningar när det gäller dess större och/eller mer komplexa projekt. Något som leddetill att konceptet projektbaserad nätverks-RTK infördes i Sverige av TrV i samarbetemed tjänsteleverantören SWEPOS 2004. Detta koncept förbättrar vanlig nätverks-RTKgenom att minska osäkerheterna ytterligare och öka tillförlitligheten inom ett mindreprojektområde. SWEPOS har sedan detta samarbete 2004 levererat projektbaseradenätverks-RTK tjänster till TrV.Marknaden är inte samma dag som den var 2004 och det finns fler verksammatjänsteleverantörer i Sverige. Detta examensarbete avser att ta reda på om denna nyamarknad innebär att det finns andra alternativ till SWEPOS med avseende på de kravTrV har på projektbaserad nätverks-RTK. Något som sker genom en teknisk jämförelseav de olika tjänsteleverantörernas mätosäkerheter och deras noggrannheter samt enjämförelse av deras omgivande infrastruktur och den subjektiva användarupplevelsen.Liknande studier har gjorts tidigare (Edwards et al., 2010) (Martin och MacGovern2012) (Saeidi, 2012), men aldrig i Sverige och med SWEPOS som ett avjämförelseobjekten. De har inte heller haft fokus på mätosäkerheter och noggrannheterunder projektbaserade nätverks-RTK förhållanden. De har alla haft samma slutsats: attdet inte finns några signifikanta skillnader mellan de jämförda tjänsteleverantörerna.För den tekniska jämförelsen har mätningar utförts på fyra platser: två inom ettbefintligt TrV projektområde, en i det ordinarie nätet och den sista utanför hela nätet,där den insamlade datamängden varierar för de olika platserna. Fem olika GNSSmottagareav olika märken användes för att göra mätningarna så allmänna som möjligt.Resultaten visar att det finns små osäkerhetsskillnader i höjd, men för att avgöra omdessa skillnader är signifikanta eller ej så skulle en fullständig korrelationsanalys av deolika tjänsteleverantörerna behövas, något som inte ryms inom detta arbete. Det verkarinte heller finnas några signifikanta skillnader i noggrannhet hos tjänsteleverantören.Några av platser med mindre mängd insamlad data uppvisar motsägande resultat, mendetta bedöms bero mer på andra faktorer än tjänsteleverantörer i sig, såsom mänskligpåverkan etc.Användarupplevelsen och tjänsteleverantörernas omgivande infrastruktur uppvisarstörre skillnader, där SWEPOS för tillfället har ett klart övertag. Detta tros bero påSWEPOS främst är en tjänsteleverantör av nätverks-RTK och därmed har merdedikerade resurser och personal, men de andra tjänsteleverantörerna även agerarleverantörer/försäljare av utrustning.En kombination av de två jämförelsedelarna leder till en mer generell slutsats att medalla tjänsteleverantörer i sina nuvarande tillstånd alternativt utan en eventuellomformulering av TrVs krav, är enbart SWEPOS ett alternativ som leverantör avprojektbaserad nätverks-RTK lösningar till TrV. Men detta är något som kan förändrasmed relativ snabbt beroende på om andra tjänsteleverantörerna avsätter mer resursereller om kraven formuleras om.
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Yin, Deming. "A framework for network RTK data processing based on grid computing." Queensland University of Technology, 2009. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/28596/.

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Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) positioning is a technique used to provide precise positioning services at centimetre accuracy level in the context of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). While a Network-based RTK (N-RTK) system involves multiple continuously operating reference stations (CORS), the simplest form of a NRTK system is a single-base RTK. In Australia there are several NRTK services operating in different states and over 1000 single-base RTK systems to support precise positioning applications for surveying, mining, agriculture, and civil construction in regional areas. Additionally, future generation GNSS constellations, including modernised GPS, Galileo, GLONASS, and Compass, with multiple frequencies have been either developed or will become fully operational in the next decade. A trend of future development of RTK systems is to make use of various isolated operating network and single-base RTK systems and multiple GNSS constellations for extended service coverage and improved performance. Several computational challenges have been identified for future NRTK services including: • Multiple GNSS constellations and multiple frequencies • Large scale, wide area NRTK services with a network of networks • Complex computation algorithms and processes • Greater part of positioning processes shifting from user end to network centre with the ability to cope with hundreds of simultaneous users’ requests (reverse RTK) There are two major requirements for NRTK data processing based on the four challenges faced by future NRTK systems, expandable computing power and scalable data sharing/transferring capability. This research explores new approaches to address these future NRTK challenges and requirements using the Grid Computing facility, in particular for large data processing burdens and complex computation algorithms. A Grid Computing based NRTK framework is proposed in this research, which is a layered framework consisting of: 1) Client layer with the form of Grid portal; 2) Service layer; 3) Execution layer. The user’s request is passed through these layers, and scheduled to different Grid nodes in the network infrastructure. A proof-of-concept demonstration for the proposed framework is performed in a five-node Grid environment at QUT and also Grid Australia. The Networked Transport of RTCM via Internet Protocol (Ntrip) open source software is adopted to download real-time RTCM data from multiple reference stations through the Internet, followed by job scheduling and simplified RTK computing. The system performance has been analysed and the results have preliminarily demonstrated the concepts and functionality of the new NRTK framework based on Grid Computing, whilst some aspects of the performance of the system are yet to be improved in future work.
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Barbosa, Eduardo de Magalhães [UNESP]. "Integridade, disponibilidade e acurácia no posicionamento RTK e RTK em rede: Investigação no contexto da rede GNSS ativa do Estado de São Paulo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86777.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-05-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:28:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 barbosa_em_me_prud.pdf: 6325120 bytes, checksum: 83ca12d41a1c8b2c08c84707b01d7e4c (MD5)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Os avanços tecnológicos nos métodos de posicionamento têm possibilitado o desenvolvimento de metodologias que viabilizam a sua utilização pelo usuário numa diversidade de aplicações. Um dos métodos de posicionamento GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) de grande destaque é o RTK (Real Time Kinematic) utilizando o conceito de rede de estações. Esse método utiliza a infra-estrutura de uma rede de estações de referência, para disponibilizar correções ao usuário. O conceito clássico do RTK tem como princípio básico a alta correlação dos erros provocados pela ionosfera, troposfera e órbita dos satélites na estação de referência e em uma estação próxima de interesse. No entanto, com o afastamento entre o usuário e a estação base, a eficiência do método é degradada, pois a correlação dos erros é reduzida. Mas, quando se utiliza uma rede de estações de referência, pode-se realizar a modelagem dos erros na área de abrangência da rede. Esta concepção é denominada de RTK em Rede. No que concerne a rede de estações de referência GNSS, utilizou-se a rede estabelecida no oeste do estado de São Paulo (rede GNSS-SP). O software adotado para realizar o processamento em rede foi o GPSNet na versão 2.73. Outra questão levantada foi com relação aos padrões disponíveis para a transmissão dos dados ao usuário, tais como o RTCM e CMR, mostrando as evoluções e aplicações. A questão do enlace de comunicação (link) também foi abordada, mostrando os principais tipos disponíveis, mas com ênfase na telefonia móvel que foi utilizada para transmitir os dados via internet. Foram conduzidos vários experimentos...
Technological advances in positioning methods have enabled the development of methodologies that allow its use in a great variety of applications. One method of GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) positioning of high performance is the RTK (Real Time Kinematic) network. This method uses the infrastructure of a network of reference stations. The original concept of RTK is the high correlation of the errors caused by ionosphere, troposphere and satellite orbit at a reference station and at a nearby station of interest. However, increasing the distance between the user and the base station, the efficiency of the method is degraded, because the error correlation is reduced. But when using a network of reference stations, a better error modeling in the area of the network is possible. This concept is the so called Network RTK. Regarding the network of GNSS reference stations, in this work the established network in the western state of São Paulo (GNSS network-SP) was used. The software adopted to perform the tests in the network was that GPSNet, version 2.73. Another issue raised during the investigation was related to the available standards for transmitting data to the user, such as CMR and RTCM. The developments and applications were presented. The issue of communication link (link) has been addressed, showing the main available types, but with emphasis on mobile phone that was the technology used to transmit data via the Internet. Several experiments were conducted in different locations to examine the integrity, availability and accuracy for RTK positioning and RTK network. The experiments performed with RTK and RTK network (using the concept of VRS (Virtual Reference Station)) showed some problems, probably related to the density of the network. Among them the accuracy, the initialization time span more than expected or even... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Wyllie, Scott John, and scott wyllie@rmit edu au. "Modelling the Temporal Variation of the Ionosphere in a Network-RTK Environment." RMIT University. Mathematical and Geospatial Sciences, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080617.161323.

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The Global Positioning System (GPS) has been widely used for precise positioning applications throughout the world. However, there are still some limiting factors that affect the performance of satellite-based positioning techniques, including the ionosphere. The GPS Network-RTK (NRTK) concept has been developed in an attempt to remove the ionospheric bias from user observations within the network. This technique involves the establishment of a series of GNSS reference stations, spread over a wide geographical region. Real time data from each reference station is collected and transferred to a computing facility where the various spatial and temporal errors affecting the GNSS satellite observations are estimated. These corrections are then transmitted to users observations in the field. As part of a Victorian state government initiative to implement a cm-level real time positioning service state-wide, GPSnet is undergoing extensive infrastructure upgrades to meet high user demand. Due to the sparse (+100km) configuration of GPSnet's reference stations, the precise modelling of Victoria's ionosphere will play a key role in providing this service. This thesis aims is to develop a temporal model for the ionospheric bias within a Victorian NRTK scenario. This research has analysed the temporal variability of the ionosphere over Victoria. It is important to quantify the variability of the ionosphere as it is essential that NRTK corrections are delivered sufficiently often with a small enough latency so that they adequately model variations in the ionospheric bias. This will promote the efficient transmission of correctional data to the rover whilst still achieving cm-level accuracy. Temporal analysis of the ionosphere revealed that, during stable ionospheric conditions, Victoria's double differenced ionospheric (DDI) bias remains correlated to within +5cm out to approximately two minutes over baselines of approximately 100km. However, the data revealed that during more disturbed ionospheric conditions this may decrease to one minute. As a preliminary investigation, four global empirical ionospheric models were tested to assess their ability to estimate the DDI bias. Further, three temporal predictive modelling schemes were tested to assess their suitability for providing ionospheric corrections in a NRTK environment. The analysis took place over four seasonal periods during the previous solar maximum in 2001 and 2002. It was found that due to the global nature of their coefficients, the four global empirical models were unable to provide ionospheric corrections to a level sufficient for precise ambiguity resolution within a NRTK environment. Three temporal ionospheric predictive schemes were developed and tested. These included a moving average model, a linear model and an ARIMA (Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average) time series analysis. The moving average and ARIMA approaches gave similar performance and out-performed the linear modelling scheme. Both of these approaches were able to predict the DDI to +5cm within a 99% confidence interval, out to an average of approximately two minutes, on average 90% of the time when compared to the actual decorrelation rates of the ionosphere. These results suggest that the moving average scheme, could enhance the implementation of next generation NRTK systems by predicting the DDI bias to latencies that would enable cm-level positioning.
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Books on the topic "Network RTK"

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Jensen, Anna B. O. Numerical weather predictions for Network RTK. [Denmark]: National Survey and Cadastre, 2002.

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RTP: Audio and video for the Internet. Boston: Addison-Wesley, 2003.

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(Poland), Biblioteka Narodowa. Wykaz siglów bibliotek polskich uczestniczących w centralnych katalogach Biblioteki Narodowej: Stan na rok 1987. Warszawa: Biblioteka Narodowa, 1988.

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Perkins, Colin. RTP: Audio and Video for the Internet. Addison-Wesley Professional, 2003.

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Perkins, Colin. Rtp : Audio and Video for the Internet: Audio and Video for the Internet. Pearson Education, Limited, 2003.

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Joanna, Pasztaleniec-Jarzyńska, and Biblioteka Narodowa (Poland), eds. Wykaz siglów bibliotek polskich uczestniczących w centralnych katalogach Biblioteki Narodowej: Stan na rok 1990. Warszawa: Biblioteka Narodowa, 1992.

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David, Keeble, Lawson Clive, ESRC Centre for Business Research., and TSER European Network on Networks, Collective Learning and RTD in Regionally-Clustered High-Technology Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (1997 : Barcelona, Spain), eds. Networks, links and large firms impacts on the evolution of clusters of high technology SMEs in Europe: Report on presentations and discussions, Barcelona meeting of the TSER European Network on "Networks, collective learning and RTD in regionally-clustered high-technology small and medium-sized enterprises", October 17-18, 1997. Cambridge: Economic and Social Research Council, 1997.

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David, Keeble, Lawson Clive, ESRC Centre for Business Research., and TSER European Network on Networks, Coleective Learning and RTD in Regionally-Clustered High-Technology Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (1996 : Sophia-Antipolis), eds. Regional institutional and policy frameworks for high-technology SMEs in Europe: Report on presentations and discussions, Sophia-Antipolis meeting of the TSER European Network on "Networks, collective learning and RTD in regionally-clustered high-technology small and medium-sized enterprises", September 27-28, 1996. Cambridge: Economic and Social Research Council, 1996.

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David, Keeble, Lawson Clive, ESRC Centre for Business Research., and TSER European Network on Networks, Collective Learning and RTD in Regionally-Clustered High-Technology Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (1997 : Munich, Germany), eds. University research links and spin-offs in the evolution of clusters of high technology SMEs in Europe: Report on presentations and discussions, Munich meeting of the TSER European Network on "Networks, collective learning and RTD in regionally-clustered high-technology small and medium-sized enterprises", February 28-March 1, 1997. Cambridge: Economic and Social Research Council, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Network RTK"

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He, Xiyang, and Jinpei Chen. "First Implementation and Evaluation of Five Systems Network RTK." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 265–78. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3711-0_24.

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Teunissen, P. J. G., A. Khodabandeh, and B. Zhang. "Multi-GNSS PPP-RTK: Mixed-Receiver Network and User Scenarios." In International Symposium on Earth and Environmental Sciences for Future Generations, 215–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1345_2016_232.

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Shang, Rui, Chengfa Gao, Shuguo Pan, Denghui Wang, and Longlei Qiao. "A Multi-Redundancies Network RTK Atmospheric Errors Interpolation Method Based on Delaunay Triangulated Network." In China Satellite Navigation Conference (CSNC) 2017 Proceedings: Volume III, 321–35. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4594-3_28.

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El-Mowafy, A., H. Fashir, Y. Al Marzooqi, A. Al Habbai, and T. Babiker. "Testing the Dubai Virtual Reference System (DVRS) National GPS-RTK Network." In Satellite Navigation Systems, 141–50. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0401-4_15.

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Grejner-Brzezinska, Dorota A., Niyazi Arslan, Pawel Wielgosz, and Chang-Ki Hong. "Network Calibration for Unfavorable Reference-Rover Geometry in Network-Based RTK: Ohio CORS Case Study." In CORS and OPUS for Engineers, 143–53. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784411643.ch18.

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Radicioni, Fabio, Aurelio Stoppini, Raffaella Brigante, Andrea Brozzi, and Grazia Tosi. "GNSS Network RTK for Automatic Guidance in Agriculture: Testing and Performance Evaluation." In Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2020, 19–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58814-4_2.

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Saito, M., Y. Ohmura, A. Onoda, K. Nishikawa, Y. Shibahara, and H. Higuchi. "Network-based RTK-GPS for Nationwide High-accuracy Positioning and Navigation in Japan." In Satellite Navigation Systems, 151–58. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0401-4_16.

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Ma, Tianming, Chunmei Zhao, and Huizhong Zhu. "The Algorithm Research of BDS/GPS Network RTK Real-Time Positioning with Centimeter Level." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 661–72. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0014-1_54.

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Wu, Bo, Chengfa Gao, Shuguo Pan, Jiadong Deng, and Wang Gao. "Regional Modeling of Atmosphere Delay in Network RTK Based on Multiple Reference Station and Precision Analysis." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 439–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46635-3_37.

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Liu, Ming, Hongzhou Chai, Bingquan Dong, Di Li, and Feng Li. "An Algorithm of Single-Epoch Integer Ambiguity Resolution for Reference Stations of BDS Triple-Frequency Network RTK." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 337–45. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0940-2_30.

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Conference papers on the topic "Network RTK"

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Baniulis, Rimvydas, Karolis Galinauskas, Leonardas Marozas, Eimuntas Paršeliunas, and Marius Petniunas. "An Analysis of RTK Network LitPOS Performance." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.161.

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RTK (Real Time Kinematic) method for positioning is used in daily life by different consumers for many purposes. When there are so many measurements, it is essential to know where RTK measurements are concentrated and which stations are obligatory for LitPOS performance. In this paper, using RTK software generated reports and SQL database records, we introduced the geographic information systems show to graphically LitPOS users activity and density of measurements. Using this data we analyze how LitPOS users are divided among Lithuanian municipalities, how much users are working each month and how this affects LitPOS performance. This study is performed in Lithuania, where state wide permanent GNSS reference station network has been maintained since year 2007.
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Li, Si-wei, Yan Wang, and Yun Han. "Summary of Network RTK Reference Station Ambiguity Determination." In 2010 6th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wicom.2010.5601057.

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Tang, Maolin, and Yanming Feng. "Area-Oriented Reference Station Placement for Network RTK." In 2008 International Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csse.2008.1550.

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Gao, Chengfa, Benyin Yuan, Fuyang Ke, and Shuguo Pan. "Algorithm and implementation of GPS/VRS network RTK." In Second International Conference on Earth Observation for Global Changes, edited by Xianfeng Zhang, Jonathan Li, Guoxiang Liu, and Xiaojun Yang. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.836779.

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Odijk, Dennis, and Peter J. G. Teunissen. "Improving the speed of CORS Network RTK ambiguity resolution." In 2010 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium - PLANS 2010. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/plans.2010.5507203.

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Feng, Zhu, Zhou Sheng, Jia Wenjing, Zhou Jianpei, and Zhang Hongbing. "Application of network RTK in surveying for geophysical prospecting." In Beijing 2014 International Geophysical Conference & Exposition, Beijing, China, 21-24 April 2014. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and Chinese Petroleum Society, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/igcbeijing2014-012.

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Baniulis, Rimvydas, Karolis Galinauskas, Eimuntas Paršeliunas, and Marius Petniunas. "Some Features of Pre-Processing of RTK Network LitPos (Lithuania) Data Applying Bernese Software." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.160.

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LitPOS (Lithuanian Positioning System), the network of permanent reference GNSS stations, became operational in July 2007. It provides data both for real-time and post-processing applications. LitPOS stations cover the whole territory of Lithuania. Total number of LitPOS GNSS stations during 2007–2014 period was 25 (since 2015 – 30 stations). Also LitPOS network includes 3 ASG-EUPOS (Poland) and 6 LATPOS (Latvia) stations. LitPOS network data re-processing was done using Bernese (BSW5.2 update 2016 01 08) software. Software was slightly improved by editing scripts and writing procedures for RINEX files preparation, for downloading other necessary data, and for getting two processing solutions from single BPE (Bernese Process Engine) process (total network and sub-network without Polish and Latvian stations).
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Kim, Ju Won, Dong Keon Lee, Sheng Bin Cao, and Sang Sun Lee. "Availability evaluation and development of network-RTK for vehicle in downtown." In 2014 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ictc.2014.6983210.

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Pan, Shuguo, Qing Wang, Shanshan Wang, and Fuyang Ke. "The method of low-orbit satellite ambiguity fixing on network RTK." In International Conference on Space Information Technology 2009, edited by Xingrui Ma, Baohua Yang, and Ming Li. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.855492.

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Laoniphon, Chayanon, Thayathip Thongtan, and Chalermchon Satirapod. "Performance Assessments of Correction Models in GNSS Network-based RTK Positioning." In 2021 18th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI-CON). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecti-con51831.2021.9454747.

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Reports on the topic "Network RTK"

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Robert, J., and Michael Forte. Field evaluation of GNSS/GPS based RTK, RTN, and RTX correction systems. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41864.

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This Coastal and Hydraulic Engineering Technical Note (CHETN) details an evaluation of three Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)/Global Positioning System (GPS) real-time correction methods capable of providing centimeter-level positioning. Internet and satellite-delivered correction systems, Real Time Network (RTN) and Real Time eXtended (RTX), respectively, are compared to a traditional ground-based two-way radio transmission correction system, generally referred to as Local RTK, or simply RTK. Results from this study will provide prospective users background information on each of these positioning systems and comparisons of their respective accuracies during in field operations.
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2

Hunt, G. BT's eXtended Network Quality RTP Control Protocol Extended Reports (RTCP XR XNQ). RFC Editor, December 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc5093.

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Latané, Annah, Jean-Michel Voisard, and Alice Olive Brower. Senegal Farmer Networks Respond to COVID-19. RTI Press, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2021.rr.0045.2106.

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This study leveraged existing data infrastructure and relationships from the Feed the Future Senegal Naatal Mbay (“flourishing agriculture”) project, funded by the US Agency for International Development (USAID) and implemented by RTI International from 2015 to 2019. The research informed and empowered farmer organizations to track and respond to rural households in 2020 as they faced the COVID-19 pandemic. Farmer organizations, with support from RTI and local ICT firm STATINFO, administered a survey to a sample of 800 agricultural households that are members of four former Naatal Mbay–supported farmer organizations in two rounds in August and October 2020. Focus group discussions were conducted with network leadership pre- and post–data collection to contextualize the experience of the COVID-19 shock and to validate findings. The results showed that farmers were already reacting to the effects of low rainfall during the 2019 growing season and that COVID-19 compounded the shock through disrupted communications and interregional travel bans, creating food shortages and pressure to divert seed stocks for food. Food insecurity effects, measured through the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale and cereals stocks, were found to be greater for households in the Casamance region than in the Kaolack and Kaffrine regions. The findings also indicate that farmer networks deployed a coordinated response comprising food aid and access to personal protective equipment, distribution of short-cycle legumes and grains (e.g., cowpea, maize) and vegetable seeds, protection measures for cereals seeds, and financial innovations with banks. However, food stocks were expected to recover as harvesting began in October 2020, and the networks were planning to accelerate seed multiplication, diversify crops beyond cereals, improve communication across the network. and mainstream access to financial instruments in the 2021 growing season. The research indicated that the previous USAID-funded project had likely contributed to the networks’ COVID-19 resilience capacities by building social capital and fostering the new use of tools and technologies over the years it operated.
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Salter, Margaret S., David E. Eakin, and Bruce W. Knerr. Dismounted Warrior Network Enhanced Restricted Terrain (DWN RT): An Independent Assessment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada364607.

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Kuzmanovic, A. HSTCP-LP: A Protocol for Low-Priority Bulk Data Transfer in High-Speed High-RTT Networks. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/826987.

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User guide to impact network analysis (INA). RTB User Guide. International Potato Center, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4160/9789290605768.

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