Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Network Equilibrium Modeling'
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黃家耀 and Ka-io Wong. "A network equilibrium approach for modeling urban taxi services." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31243769.
Full textWong, Ka-io. "A network equilibrium approach for modeling urban taxi services /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25205560.
Full textFabregas, Aldo D. "Location and Capacity Modeling of Network Interchanges." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4318.
Full textRodrigues, Rodolfo. "Modelagem cinética e de equilíbrio combinadas para simulação de processos de gaseificação." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/140478.
Full textGasification is a thermochemical conversion process consisting of partial oxidation of a fuel to convert it to a gas mixture (“syngas”). Generally, the gasification process modeling uses a kinetic detailed description, or approach it to a chemical equilibrium state. Both approaches have advantages and disadvantages, as well as limitations. The objective of this work was to develop a new phenomenological modeling of gasification processes through a “hybrid” model here called hybrid adaptive zone model (HAZ). This proposed modeling assumed the gasifier is represented by two types of zones: one dominated by chemical kinetics, represented by a kinetic model, and another where chemical kinetics is fast so chemical species are assumed in chemical equilibrium states, represented by an equilibrium model. A transition criterion between zones was defined by a Damköhler number (Da) which relates residence time and chemical reaction time. Therefore, the HAZ model can adapted according to the dominant processes in each zone. Firstly, a multi-phase equilibrium model (ME) was developed and applied to study the coal-biomass co-gasification of Brazilian sources. Hereafter, the HAZ model was built using the technique of equivalent reactor network (ERN) with the ME model and a kinetic model developed in this work. A methodology of use of the HAZ model was proposed, applied and validated for two configurations of gasifiers: two cases of biomass bubbling fluidized-bed gasifiers and one case of coal entrained-flow gasifier. In the first two cases the transition was estimated to occur on Da ≥ 10+5 and in the last case; we estimated on Da ≥ 10+3. The application of the HAZ model proved to be satisfactory since it could reduce the computation time by at least 40% compared to a pure kinetic approach. It should already be emphasized that the HAZ model allowed a better physical and chemical understanding of gasification by identifying the dominant local processes.
Ekström, Joakim. "Designing Urban Road Congestion Charging Systems : Models and Heuristic Solution Approaches." Licentiate thesis, Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-15747.
Full textThe question of how to design a congestion pricing scheme is difficult to answer and involves a number of complex decisions. This thesis is devoted to the quantitative parts of designing a congestion pricing scheme with link tolls in an urban car traffic network. The problem involves finding the number of tolled links, the link toll locations and their corresponding toll level. The road users are modeled in a static framework, with elastic travel demand.
Assuming the toll locations to be fixed, we recognize a level setting problem as to find toll levels which maximize the social surplus. A heuristic procedure based on sensitivity analysis is developed to solve this optimization problem. In the numerical examples the heuristic is shown to converge towards the optimum for cases when all links are tollable, and when only some links are tollable.
We formulate a combined toll location and level setting problem as to find both toll locations and toll levels which maximize the net social surplus, which is the social surplus minus the cost of collecting the tolls. The collection cost is assumed to be given for each possible toll location, and to be independent of toll level and traffic flow. We develop a new heuristic method which is based on repeated solutions of an approximation to the combined toll location and level setting problem. Also, a known heuristic method for locating a fixed number of toll facilities is extended, to find the optimal number of facilities to locate. Both heuristics are evaluated on two small networks, where our approximation procedure shows the best results.
Our approximation procedure is also employed on the Sioux Falls network. The result is compared with different judgmental closed cordon structures, and the solution suggested by our method clearly improves the net social surplus more than any of the judgmental cordons.
Vythoulkas, Petros C. "Modelling dynamic stochastic user equilibrium for urban road networks." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/3937.
Full textSanchis, Cano Ángel. "Economic analysis of wireless sensor-based services in the framework of the Internet of Things. A game-theoretical approach." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/102642.
Full textThe communications world is moving from a standalone devices scenario to a all-connected scenario known as Internet of Things (IoT), where billions of devices will be connected to the Internet through mobile and fixed networks. In this context, there are several challenges to face, from the development of new standards to the study of the economical viability of the different future scenarios. In this dissertation we have focused on the study of the economic viability of different scenarios using concepts of microeconomics, game theory, non-linear optimization, network economics and wireless networks. The dissertation analyzes the transition from a Human Type Communications (HTC) to a Machine Type Communications (MTC) centered network from an economic point of view. The first scenario is designed to focus on the first stages of the transition, where HTC and MTC traffic are served on a common network infrastructure. The second scenario analyzes the provision of connectivity service to MTC users using a dedicated network infrastructure, while the third stage is centered in the analysis of the provision of services based on the MTC data over the infrastructure studied in the previous scenario. Thanks to the analysis of all the scenarios we have observed that the transition from HTC users-centered networks to MTC networks is possible and that the provision of services in such scenarios is viable. In addition, we have observed that the behavior of the users is essential in order to determine the viability of a business model, and therefore, it is needed to study their behavior and preferences in depth in future studios. Specifically, the most relevant factors are the sensitivity of the users to the delay and to the amount of data gathered by the sensors. We also have observed that the differentiation of the traffic in categories improves the usage of the networks and allows to create new services thanks to the data that otherwise would not be used, improving the monetization of the infrastructure and the data. In addition, we have shown that the capacity provision is a valid mechanism for providers' profit optimization, as an alternative to the pricing mechanisms. Finally, it has been demonstrated that it is possible to create dedicated roles to offer IoT services in the telecommunications market, specifically, the IoT-SPs, which provide wireless-sensor-based services to the final users using a third party infrastructure. Summarizing, this dissertation tries to demonstrate the economic viability of the future IoT networks business models as well as the emergence of new business opportunities and roles in order to justify economically the development and implementation of the new technologies required to offer massive wireless access to machine devices.
El món de les telecomunicacions està canviant d'un escenari on únicament les persones estaven connectades a un model on pràcticament tots els dispositius i sensors es troben connectats, també conegut com a Internet de les Coses (IoT) , on milers de milions de dispositius es connectaran a Internet a través de connexions mòbils i xarxes fixes. En aquest context, hi ha molts reptes que superar, des del desenrotllament de nous estàndards de comunicació a l'estudi de la viabilitat econòmica dels possibles escenaris futurs. En aquesta tesi ens hem centrat en l'estudi de la viabilitat econòmica de diferents escenaris per mitjà de l'ús de conceptes de microeconomia, teoria de jocs, optimització no lineal, economia de xarxes i xarxes inalàmbriques. La tesi analitza la transició des de xarxes centrades en el servici de tràfic HTC a xarxes centrades en tràfic MTC des d'un punt de vista econòmic. El primer escenari ha sigut dissenyat per a centrar-se en les primeres etapes de la transició, en la que ambdós tipus de tràfic són servits davall la mateixa infraestructura de xarxa. En el segon escenari analitzem la següent etapa, en la que el servici als usuaris MTC es realitza per mitjà d'una infraestructura dedicada. Finalment, el tercer escenari analitza la provisió de servicis basats en MTC a usuaris finals, per mitjà de la infraestructura analitzada en l'escenari anterior. Als paràgrafs següents es descriu amb més detall cada escenari. Gràcies a l'anàlisi de tots els escenaris, hem observat que la transició de xarxes centrades en usuaris HTC a xarxes MTC és possible i que la provisió de servicis en tals escenaris és viable. A més a més, hem observat que el comportament dels usuaris és essencial per a determinar la viabilitat dels diferents models de negoci, i per tant, és necessari estudiar el comportament i les preferències dels usuaris en profunditat en estudis futurs. Específicament, els factors més rellevants són la sensibilitat dels usuaris al retard en les dades recopilats pels sensors i la quantitat dels mateixos. També hem observat que la diferenciació del tràfic en categories millora l'ús de les xarxes i permet crear nous servicis emprant dades que, d'una altra manera, no s'aprofitarien, la qual cosa ens permet millorar la monetització de la infraestructura. També hem demostrat que la provisió de capacitat és un mecanisme vàlid, alternatiu a la fixació de preus, per a l'optimització dels beneficis dels proveïdors de servici. Finalment, s'ha demostrat que és possible crear rols específics per a oferir servicis IoT en el mercat de les telecomunicacions, específicament, els IoT-SPs, que proporcionen servicis basats en sensors inalàmbrics utilitzant infraestructures d'accés de tercers i les seues pròpies xarxes de sensors. En resum, en aquesta tesi hem intentat demostrar la viabilitat econòmica de models de negoci basats en xarxes futures IoT, així com l'aparició de noves oportunitats i rols de negoci, la qual cosa ens permet justificar econòmicament el desenrotllament i la implementació de les tecnologies necessàries per a oferir servicis d'accés inalàmbric massiu a dispositius MTC.
Sanchis Cano, Á. (2018). Economic analysis of wireless sensor-based services in the framework of the Internet of Things. A game-theoretical approach [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/102642
TESIS
Wagner, Nicolas. "Dynamic equilibrium on a transportation network : mathematical porperties and economic application." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1050.
Full textThis thesis is focused on dynamic user equilibrium (DUE) models and theirapplications to traffic assignment. It aims at providing a mathematically rigorous and general formulation for the DUE. Particular attention is paid to the representation of transport demand and more specifically to trip scheduling and users with heterogeneous preferences.The DUE is first expressed as a Nash game with a continuum of players. It strongly relies on up-to-date results from mathematical economics. This formulation allows to prove an existence result for DUE. This results notably applies to one of the simplest dynamic user equilibrium model, where users are homogeneous and departure time choice is not allowed.Then, two simple DUE models for which the solutions can be derived analytically are presented. The first one is a generalization of the Vickrey's bottleneck model. Whereas Vickrey assumed that the distribution of preferred arrival time is S-shaped, we consider more general distributions. In the second model, we have a two-route tolled network where users are continuously heterogeneous with respect to their value of time. This allows us to conduct a study on the relative efficiencies of various pricing strategy and how it is affected by the level of heterogeneity in users' value of time.Finally, a computable model is designed and corresponding solution methods are proposed. A test on the french national road network is conducted. The model is used to assess an hypothetical time-varying pricing scheme intended to ease summer traffic congestion
Daya, Bassam. "Résolution numérique des équations du champ neural : étude de la coordination du mouvement par des modèles mathématiques du cervelet." Angers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ANGE0013.
Full textChatzopoulos, Athanasios. "Modelling of turbulent combustion using the Rate-Controlled Constrained Equilibrium (RCCE)-Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) approach." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/30782.
Full textZanella, Junior Eliseu Avelino. "Estudo de equilíbrio de troca iônica de sistemas binários e ternários por meio de redes neurais." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2009. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1878.
Full textIn the majority of the applications of the process of ionic exchange in the chemical industry some ionic species are gifts that compete between itself for the active small sieges of the ionic exchanger. Therefore, the project of these systems requires an analysis of the coefficients of selectivity of ions gifts in the solution that determines the influence of the separation process. The data of balance of processes of ionic exchange generally are discrebed for the Law of the Action of the Masses, therefore in this boarding the no-idealists of the phases are consideret watery and solid. The calculation of Balance in systems of ionic exchange in multicomponent systems requires the resolution of a system of not linear equations, and depending on the number of involved species one high computational time cam be required. An alternative to the conventional modelin is the job of Artificial the Neural Nets. Inside of this context, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the application of Artificial the Neural Nets in the modeling of the binary and ternary data of balance in systems of ionic exchange, and also to evaluate the viability to apply Artificial the Neural Nets in the prediction of the data of balance of the ternary systems from information of the binary systems. To evaluate the efficiency of Artificial the Neural Nets in the description of the data of balance of systems of ionic exchange, the gotten results had been compared with the values calculated for the application of the Law of the Action of the Masses. Two experimental data sets of ionic exchange had been used. The first set was constituted of the binary and ternary systems of ions sulphate, chloride and nitrate and as exchanging ion the resin AMBERLITE ANGER 400, with total concentration of 0,2N 298K and had been gotten by SMITH and WOODBURN (1978). As the joint one was constituted of the binary and ternary data of ions of lead, has covered and ionic sodium and as exchanging the clinoptilolita, with 0,005 concentration eq/L and temperature of 303K, gotten for FERNANDEZ (2004). The data of entrance of the net had been the composition of íons in solution and of exit they had been the composition of the resin. The training of diverse structures of RNAs was effected. Different architectures had been tested varying the nunber of neurons of the laver of entrance and the occult layer. The nunber of neurons of the entrance layer varied of 2 up to 20 and the occult layer of 1 up to 2, searching always a structure with the lesser value of the objective function. The methods Powell and Simplex had been used to determine the weights of the net. The Law of the Action of the Masses revealed efficient in the description of the following binary systems: SO4-2-NO3-, SO4-2-Cl- e NO3 --Cl-Pb2+-Na+, Cu2+-Na+, however, the results for the system Na+-Pb2+ had not been satisfactory. In the modeling of the binary data Artificial the Neural Nets if had shown efficient in all the investigated cases. In the prediction of the ternary system the Law of the Action of the Masses only revealed efficient for systems SO42--NO3-, SO42-CI- e NO3--CI-. In the prediction of the data of ternary balance for the two evaluatede systems, using Artificial the neural Nets from the binary data generated by the Law of the Action of the Masses, one did not reveal efficient. In the ternary system (SO4²-, NO3-,CI-) the trained Artificial Neural Nets with the binary data set and the inclusion of ternary experimental data of balance (three and seven data) had obtained to represent with precision the behavior of the system. In the ternary system (Pb+². Cu+², Na+), hte nets trained from the binary data set and with the inclusion of all the experimental data of the ternary system, the gotten results had been satisfactory, because they had presented errors near by 2% to 6%. Artificial the Neural Nets had not presented predictive capacity to describe the balance in the process of ionic exchange. However, the nets present an advantage in relation the Law of the Action of the Masses, to allow that the compositions of balance of the resin are calculated explicit.
Na maioria das aplicações do processo de troca iônica na indústria química estão presentes várias espécies iônicas que competem entre si pelos sítios ativos do trocador iônico. Portanto, o projeto destes sistemas requer uma análise dos coeficientes de seletividade dos íons presentes na solução que determina a influência do processo de separação. Os dados de equilíbrio de processos de troca iônica geralmente são descritos pela Lei da Ação das Massas, pois nesta abordagem são considerados as não-idealidades das fases aquosa e sólida. O cálculo de Equilíbrio em sistemas de troca iônica em sistemas multicomponentes requer a resolução de um sistema de equações não lineares, e dependendo do número de espécies envolvidas pode-se requerer um elevado tempo computacional. Uma alternativa à modelagem convencional é o emprego das Redes Neurais Artificiais. Dentro deste contexto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a aplicação das Redes Neurais Artificiais na modelagem dos dados binários e ternários de equilíbrio em sistemas de troca iônica, e também avaliar a viabilidade de aplicar as Redes Neurais Artificiais na predição dos dados de equilíbrio dos sistemas ternários a partir de informações dos sistemas binários. Para avaliar a eficiência das Redes Neurais Artificiais na descrição dos dados de equilíbrio de sistemas de troca iônica, os resultados obtidos foram comparados com os valores calculados pela aplicação da Lei da Ação das Massas. Foram utilizados dois conjuntos de dados experimentais de troca iônica. O primeiro conjunto era constituído pelos sistemas binários e ternários dos íons sulfato, cloreto e nitrato e como trocador iônico a resina AMBERLITE IRA 400, com concentração total de 0,2N a 298K e foram obtidos por SMITH e WOODBURN (1978). O segundo conjunto era constituído dos dados binários e ternários dos íons de chumbo, cobre e sódio e como trocador iônico a clinoptilolita, com concentração 0,005 eq/L e temperatura de 303K, obtidos por FERNANDEZ (2004). Os dados de entrada da rede foram a composição dos íons em solução e de saída foram a composição da resina. Efetuou-se o treinamento de diversas estruturas de RNAs. Foram testadas diferentes arquiteturas variando o número de neurônios da camada de entrada e da camada oculta. O número de neurônios da camada de entrada variou de 2 até 20 e da camada oculta de 1 até 2, buscando sempre uma estrutura com o menor valor da função objetivo. Os métodos Powell e Simplex foram utilizados para determinar os pesos da rede. A Lei da Ação das Massas mostrou-se eficiente na descrição dos seguintes sistemas binários: SO42--NO3-, SO42--Cl- e NO3--Cl- Pb2+-Na+, Cu2+-Na+, entretanto, os resultados para o sistema Na+-Pb2+ não foram satisfatórios. Na modelagem dos dados binários as Redes Neurais Artificiais se mostraram eficientes em todos os casos investigados. Na predição do sistema ternário a Lei da Ação das Massas mostrou-se eficiente somente para os sistemas SO42--NO3-, SO42--Cl- e NO3--Cl-. Na predição dos dados de equilíbrio ternário para os dois sistemas avaliados, empregando as Redes neurais Artificiais a partir dos dados binários gerados pela Lei da Ação das Massas, não se mostrou eficiente. No sistema ternário (SO42-,NO3-,Cl-) as Redes Neurais Artificiais treinadas com o conjunto de dados binários e com a inclusão de dados experimentais ternários de equilíbrio (três e sete dados) conseguiram representar com precisão o comportamento do sistema. No sistema ternário (Pb+2,Cu+2,Na+), as redes treinadas a partir do conjunto de dados binários e com a inclusão de todos os dados experimentais do sistema ternário, os resultados obtidos foram satisfatórios, pois apresentaram erros na faixa de 2% a 6%. As Redes Neurais Artificiais não apresentaram capacidade preditiva de descrever o equilíbrio no processo de troca iônica. Entretanto, as redes apresenta uma vantagem em relação a Lei da Ação das Massas, permitir que sejam calculados explicitamente as composições de equilíbrio da resina.
Zhang, Fan. "A NEW PARADIGM OF MODELING WATERSHED WATER QUALITY." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2387.
Full textPh.D.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Civil Engineering
Nguyen, Anh Tuan. "Influence des incertitudes géométriques et de la méthode de modélisation dans l'analyse de stabilité des talus rocheux : application aux mines à ciel ouvert." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0296/document.
Full textThe stability of open-cast operations (mines or quarries), excavated in rock mass depends on their geometry, the geometrical characteristics of the rock mass fractures (orientation and spacing) and the mechanical characteristics of the rock mass and the discontinuities. The assessment of the rock instability risk depends on the quantity and quality of the available information on the rock mass and the analysis methods used for the evaluation of the mechanical behavior of the rock block collection. Different sites of natural rock slopes, of road cuts, and of open-cast mines and quarries, described in the present document, show that the known information can vary a lot from one site to the other. The steps of data gathering and analysis, then the modelling step used to analyze the stability of the rock slope, lead to uncertainties. The present work deals in particular with the influence of the geometrical uncertainties, and the different clustering methods, to define families of fractures, are examined. The combination of works suggested by several authors leads to a new method called PSMY. This method, together with the spectral method, was coded in the Mathematica platform, and the obtained results are compared with "hand-made" clusters, done with the DIPS software. The clustering methods are presented according to the ratio of classified orientations. The orientation and spacing of fracture families are fitted by statistical law. The statistical parameters are compared according to the clustering method used. These parameters have an influence on the construction of the rock mass geometrical model, called DFN (Discrete Fracture Network). The influence of the clusters on the stability analysis is studied from the stochastic models based on the limit equilibrium analysis, in the SWEDGE and RESOBLOK software. These programs do not take into account the same uncertainties, and as a result, they give different stability indicators. A sensitivity analysis of these indicators (number of unstable blocks, average volume of unstable blocks, and total volume of unstable blocks) versus the clustering methods used, and the orientation of the slopes, is carried out. A variance analysis allows an evaluation of the influence of these factors. The assessment of the global stability condition of the rock mass, depending on the cohesion and the friction angle, is proposed. The influence of the modeling method is analyzed by comparing 3D calculations using the limit equilibrium calculations, and 2D and 3D models using discrete rigid and deformable blocks. A coupling between RESOBLOK (limit equilibrium) and LMGC90 (discrete elements) allows the comparison of results on the same original geometry. For the case of Ax-les-Thermes road-cut, and for various unstable geometries, the influence of the model parameters is tested. Several cases are compared. The 3D simulation of an excavation, at different steps, is performed, and the mobilization index is studied, in order to compare several types of contacts, within the LMGC model, in relation to the possible sliding of blocks, at those different steps
Zimmermann, Maëlle. "Route choice and traffic equilibrium modeling in multi-modal and activity-based networks." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22664.
Full textGidel, Gauthier. "Multi-player games in the era of machine learning." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24800.
Full textAmong all the historical board games played by humans, the game of go was considered one of the most difficult to master by a computer program [Van Den Heriket al., 2002]; Until it was not [Silver et al., 2016]. This odds-breaking break-through [Müller, 2002, Van Den Herik et al., 2002] came from a sophisticated combination of Monte Carlo tree search and machine learning techniques to evaluate positions, shedding light upon the high potential of machine learning to solve games. Adversarial training, a special case of multiobjective optimization, is an increasingly useful tool in machine learning. For example, two-player zero-sum games are important for generative modeling (GANs) [Goodfellow et al., 2014] and mastering games like Go or Poker via self-play [Silver et al., 2017, Brown and Sandholm,2017]. A classic result in Game Theory states that convex-concave games always have an equilibrium [Neumann, 1928]. Surprisingly, machine learning practitioners successfully train a single pair of neural networks whose objective is a nonconvex-nonconcave minimax problem while for such a payoff function, the existence of a Nash equilibrium is not guaranteed in general. This work is an attempt to put learning in games on a firm theoretical foundation. The first contribution explores minimax theorems for a particular class of nonconvex-nonconcave games that encompasses generative adversarial networks. The proposed result is an approximate minimax theorem for two-player zero-sum games played with neural networks, including WGAN, StarCrat II, and Blotto game. Our findings rely on the fact that despite being nonconcave-nonconvex with respect to the neural networks parameters, the payoff of these games are concave-convex with respect to the actual functions (or distributions) parametrized by these neural networks. The second and third contributions study the optimization of minimax problems, and more generally, variational inequalities in the context of machine learning. While the standard gradient descent-ascent method fails to converge to the Nash equilibrium of simple convex-concave games, there exist ways to use gradients to obtain methods that converge. We investigate several techniques such as extrapolation, averaging and negative momentum. We explore these techniques experimentally by proposing a state-of-the-art (at the time of publication) optimizer for GANs called ExtraAdam. We also prove new convergence results for Extrapolation from the past, originally proposed by Popov [1980], as well as for gradient method with negative momentum. The fourth contribution provides an empirical study of the practical landscape of GANs. In the second and third contributions, we diagnose that the gradient method breaks when the game’s vector field is highly rotational. However, such a situation may describe a worst-case that does not occur in practice. We provide new visualization tools in order to exhibit rotations in practical GAN landscapes. In this contribution, we show empirically that the training of GANs exhibits significant rotations around Local Stable Stationary Points (LSSP), and we provide empirical evidence that GAN training converges to a stable stationary point, which is a saddle point for the generator loss, not a minimum, while still achieving excellent performance.