Academic literature on the topic 'Network Design Setting'
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Journal articles on the topic "Network Design Setting"
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Memoli, Silvio, Giulio E. Cantarella, Stefano de Luca, and Roberta Di Pace. "Network signal setting design with stage sequence optimisation." Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 100 (June 2017): 20–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2017.01.013.
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Cantarella, Giulio E., Stefano de Luca, Roberta Di Pace, and Silvio Memoli. "Network Signal Setting Design: Meta-heuristic optimisation methods." Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 55 (June 2015): 24–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2015.03.032.
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Olenev, V. L., I. Ya Lavrovskaya, L. I. Kurbanov, I. L. Korobkov, and Yu E. Sheynin. "COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN SYSTEM FOR SPACECRAFT ONBOARD NETWORKS." Issues of radio electronics, no. 8 (August 20, 2018): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21778/2218-5453-2018-8-145-153.
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Modern spacecraft onboard networks consist of a large number of nodes which interact with each other via a communication network. SpaceWire is a new generation technology which is being integrated into new spacecraft systems. In order to check network operation on the early stages of network design it is reasonable to perform its software simulation. The paper provides an analysis of existing simulation tools for the on-board and local area networks. We overview the main abilities of the existing software and then propose the computer-aided design (CAD) system for SpaceWire onboard networks design and simulation - SANDS. This software will solve important tasks, which spacecraft developers face with during implementation of satellites and other space vehicles. SANDS system will support the full on-board network design and simulation flow, which begins from the network topology automated generation and finishes with getting the network structure, configuration and parameters setting, simulation results and statistics.
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Liu, Haoxiang, David Z. W. Wang, and Hao Yue. "Global Optimization for Transport Network Expansion and Signal Setting." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/385713.
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This paper proposes a model to address an urban transport planning problem involving combined network design and signal setting in a saturated network. Conventional transport planning models usually deal with the network design problem and signal setting problem separately. However, the fact that network capacity design and capacity allocation determined by network signal setting combine to govern the transport network performance requires the optimal transport planning to consider the two problems simultaneously. In this study, a combined network capacity expansion and signal setting model with consideration of vehicle queuing on approaching legs of intersection is developed to consider their mutual interactions so that best transport network performance can be guaranteed. We formulate the model as a bilevel program and design an approximated global optimization solution method based on mixed-integer linearization approach to solve the problem, which is inherently nnonlinear and nonconvex. Numerical experiments are conducted to demonstrate the model application and the efficiency of solution algorithm.
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Nikolić, Miloš, and Dušan Teodorović. "A simultaneous transit network design and frequency setting: Computing with bees." Expert Systems with Applications 41, no. 16 (November 2014): 7200–7209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2014.05.034.
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Zhao, Ning, Xue Li, Mei Yang, and Xin Ting Huang. "Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network and Routing Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 641-642 (September 2014): 829–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.641-642.829.
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To analyze vehicular Ad-Hoc network routing performance, the GPSR routing performance is studied using network simulation software NS2 compared with traffic simulation software VanetMobiSim. 100 nodes communicated with each other was stimulated by adding routing protocol into NS2, building the environment of simulation, setting simulation parameters and writing TCL script. The data packet delivery path was examined by trace files and GPSR routing performance was concluded through Gawk. The average end-to-end transmission delay trends to increase and the average delivery rate trends to drop when the average speed of vehicle nodes increase.
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Zhang, Jian Qi, Fu Min Bao, and Hong Tao Dang. "ControlNet Control System Network Design and Optimization." Advanced Materials Research 586 (November 2012): 399–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.586.399.
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By analyzing the communication principles of ControlNet and combining with the specific production process flow, the ControlNet control system has been designed. Meanwhile, the ControlNet network optimization scheme is proposed and has been applied in the actual production according to the existing ControlNet design problems. The application result shows that the network division and network key parameters setting are very effective optimization methods, which successfully solved the emerging ControlNet fault in the production process and met the control requirements. At the same time, they are worth to be consulted for ControlNet design and optimization.
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Chai, Shushan, and Qinghuai Liang. "An Improved NSGA-II Algorithm for Transit Network Design and Frequency Setting Problem." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (January 16, 2020): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2895320.
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The transit network design and frequency setting problem is related to the generation of transit routes with corresponding frequency schedule. Considering not only the influence of transfers but also the delay caused by congestion on passengers’ travel time, a multi-objective transit network design model is developed. The model aims to minimize the travel time of passengers and minimize the number of vehicles used in the network. To solve the model belongs to a NP-Hard problem and is intractable due to the high complexity and strict constraints. In order to obtain the better network schemes, a multi-population genetic algorithm is proposed based on NSGA-II framework. With the algorithm, network generation, mode choice, demand assignment, and frequency setting are all integrated to be solved. The effectiveness of the algorithm which includes the high global convergence and the applicability for the problem is verified by comparison with previous works and calculation of a real-size case. The model and algorithm can be used to provide candidates for the sustainable policy formulation of urban transit network scheme.
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Konstantinidou, Maria A., Konstantinos L. Kepaptsoglou, and Antony Stathopoulos. "A Multi-objective Network Design Model for Post-disaster Transportation Network Management." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 31, no. 1 (February 21, 2019): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v31i1.2743.
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Despite their inherent vulnerability to structural and functional degradation, transportation networks play a vital role in the aftermath of disasters by ensuring physical access to the affected communities and providing services according to the generated needs. In this setting of operational conditions and service needs which deviate from normal, a restructuring of network functions is deemed to be beneficial for overall network serviceability. In such context, this paper explores the planning of post-disaster operations on a network following a hazardous event on one of the network’s nodes. Lane reversal, demand regulation and path activation are applied to provide an optimally reconfigured network with reallocated demand, so that the network performance is maximized. The problem is formulated as a bi-level optimization model; the upper level determines the optimal network management strategy implementation scheme while the lower level assigns traffic on the network. Three performance indices are used for that purpose: the total network travel time (TNTT), the total network flow (TNF) and the special origin-destination pair (OD pair) accessibility. A genetic algorithm coupled with a traffic assignment process is used as a solution methodology. Application of the model on a real urban network proves the computational efficiency of the algorithm; the model systematically produces robust results of enhanced network performance, indicating its value as an operation planning tool.
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Buba, Ahmed Tarajo, and Lai Soon Lee. "A differential evolution for simultaneous transit network design and frequency setting problem." Expert Systems with Applications 106 (September 2018): 277–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2018.04.011.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Network Design Setting"
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Memoli, Silvio. "Metaheuristic approaches for Complete Network Signal Setting Design (CNSSD)." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/2501.
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2014 - 2015In order to mitigate the urban traffic congestion and increase the travelers’ surplus, several policies can be adopted which may be applied in short or long time horizon. With regards to the short term policies, one of the most straightforward is control through traffic lights at single junction or network level. The main goal of traffic control is avoiding that incompatible approaches have green at the same time. With respect to this aim existing methodologies for Signal Setting Design (NSSD) can be divided into two classes as in following described Approach-based (or Phase-based) methods address the signal setting as a periodic scheduling problem: the cycle length, and for each approach the start and the end of the green are considered as decision variables, some binary variables (or some non-linear constraints) are included to avoid incompatible approaches having green at the same time (see for instance Improta and Cantarella, 1987). If needed the stage composition and sequence may easily be obtained from decision variables. Commercial software codes following this methodology are available for single junction control only, such Oscady Pro® (TRL, UK; Burrow, 1987). Once the green timing and scheduling have been carried out for each junction, offsets can be optimized (coordination) using the stage matrices obtained from single junction optimization (possibly together with green splits again) through one of codes mentioned below. Stage-based signal setting methods dealt with that by dividing the cycle length into stages, each one being a time interval during which some mutually compatible approaches have green. Stage composition, say which approaches have green, and sequence, say their order, can be represented through the approach-stage incidence matrix, or stage matrix for short. Once the stage matrix is given for each junction, the cycle length, the green splits and the offsets can be optimised (synchronisation) through some well established commercial software codes. Two of the most commonly used codes are: TRANSYT14® (TRL, UK) (recently TRANSYT15® has been released) and TRANSYT-7F® (FHWA, USA). Both allow to compute the green splits, the offsets and the cycle length by combining a traffic flow model and a signal setting optimiser. Both may be used for coordination (optimisation of offsets only, once green splits are known) or synchronisation. TRANSYT14® generates several (but not all) significant stage sequences to be tested but the optimal solution is not endogenously generated, while TRANSYT-7F® is able to optimise the stage sequence for each single junction starting from the ring and barrier NEMA (i.e. National Electrical Manufacturers Association) phases. Still these methods do not allow for stage matrix optimisation; moreover the effects of stage composition and sequence on network performance are not well analysed in literature... [edited by Author]
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López, Ramos Francisco. "Conjoint design of railway lines and frequency setting under semi-congested scenarios." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/144940.
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This thesis develops mathematical programming models which integrate network design (ND) and line frequency setting (LFS) phases. These appear in transport planning studies that extend an existing urban public transportation system (UPTS) and are suitable for underground and rapid transit systems. The ND phase extends the working UPTS, taking as inputs the locations of candidate stretches and stations on the new lines, as well as construction costs which cannot exceed the available infrastructure budget. Regarding the LFS phase, frequencies and vehicles are assigned to functioning and newly built lines, providing that they do not exceed resource capacities and the time horizon. The developed models take into account the type of service patterns that may operate on the lines of the transport system. They include local services, where vehicles halt at every node in the line, and express services, in which vehicles halt at only a subset of nodes in the line. A passenger assignment model allows solving, simultaneously, the ND and LFS phases under a system optimum point of view.
The combined model has two variants: one which deals with inelastic demand and another which faces elasticities in demand. The latter originates from changes in the modal choice proportions of travelers and may result from modifications in the public transport system. The former does not take into account competition among several modes of transportation and it is formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming problem. In contrast, the latter allows passengers to travel via two modes of transportation: public transport and private car. It is formulated as a mixed-integer linear bi-level programming problem (MILBP) with discrete variables only in the upper level. In both models, a complementary network is used to model transfers among lines and to reach the passenger¿s origin and/or destination nodes when the constructed UPTS does not cover them.
The model with inelastic demand is initially solved by means of the commercial solver CPLEX under three different mathematical formulations for the ND phase. The first two are exact approaches based on extensions of Traveling Salesman Problem formulations for dynamic and static treatment of the line¿s subtours, whereas the last one is an approximation inspired by constrained k-shortest path algorithms. In order to deal with large-sized networks, a quasi-exact solution framework is employed. It consists of three solving blocks: the corridor generation algorithm (CGA), the line splitting algorithm (LSA), and a specialized Benders decomposition (SBD). The LSA and CGA are heuristic techniques that allow skipping some of the non-polynomial properties. They are related to the number of lines under construction and the number of feasible corridors that can be generated. As for the SBD, it is an exact method that splits the original mathematical programming problem into a series of resolutions, composed of two mathematical problems which are easier to solve. Regarding the elastic demand variant, it is solved under the same framework as the specialized Benders decomposition adaptation for solving MILBP, which results from this variant formulation.
The inelastic demand variant is applied to two test cases based on underground network models for the cities of Seville and Santiago de Chile. Origin destination trip matrices and other parameters required by the models have been set to likely values using maps and published studies. The purpose of these networks is to test the models and algorithms on realistic scenarios, as well as to show their potentialities. Reported results show that the quasi-exact approach is comparable to approximate techniques in terms of performance. Regarding the elastic demand variant, the model is more complex and can be applied only to smaller networks.
Finally, some further lines of research for both modeling and algorithmic issues are discussed.
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Kanade, Gaurav Nandkumar. "Combinatorial optimization problems in geometric settings." Diss., University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1152.
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We consider several combinatorial optimization problems in a geometric set- ting. The first problem we consider is the problem of clustering to minimize the sum of radii. Given a positive integer k and a set of points with interpoint distances that satisfy the definition of being a "metric", we define a ball centered at some input point and having some radius as the set of all input points that are at a distance smaller than the radius of the ball from its center. We want to cover all input points using at most k balls so that the sum of the radii of the balls chosen is minimized. We show that when the points lie in some Euclidean space and the distance measure is the standard Euclidean metric, we can find an exact solution in polynomial time under standard assumptions about the model of computation.
The second problem we consider is the Network Spanner Topology Design problem. In this problem, given a set of nodes in the network, represented by points in some geometric setting - either a plane or a 1.5-D terrain, we want to compute a height assignment function h that assigns a height to a tower at every node such that the set of pairs of nodes that can form a direct link with each other under this height function forms a connected spanner. A pair of nodes can form a direct link if they are within a bounded distance B of each other and the heights of towers at the two nodes are sufficient to achieve Line-of-Sight connectivity - i.e. the straight line connecting the top of the towers lies above any obstacles. In the planar setting where the obstacles are modeled as having a certain maximum height and minimum clearance distance, we give a constant factor approximation algorithm. In the case where the points lie on a 1.5-D terrain we illustrate that it might be hard to use Computational Geometry to achieve efficient approximations.
The final problem we consider is the Multiway Barrier Cut problem. Here, given a set of points in the plane and a set of unit disk sensors also in the plane such that any path in the plane between any pair of input points hits at least one of the given sensor disks we consider the problem of finding the minimum size subset of these disks that still achieves this separation. We give a constant factor approximation algorithm for this problem.
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Kumar, Anand. "Dust Transportation and Settling within the Mine Ventilation Network." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/mng_etds/51.
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Dust is ubiquitous in underground mine activities. Continuous inhalation of dust could lead to irreversible occupational diseases. Dust particles of size lower than 75.0 µm, also known as float coal dust, can trigger a coal dust explosion following a methane ignition. Ventilation air carries the float coal dust from the point of production to some distance before it’s deposited on the surfaces of underground coal mine. Sources of dust are widely studied, but study of dust transportation has been mainly based on experimental data and simplified models. An understanding of dust transportation in the mine airways is instrumental in the implementation of local dust control strategies.
This thesis presents techniques for sampling float coal dust, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis, and mathematical modeling to estimate average dust deposition in an underground coal mine. Dust samples were taken from roof, ribs, and floor at multiple areas along single air splits from longwall and room and pillar mines. Thermogravimetric analysis of these samples showed no conclusive trends in float coal dust deposition rate with location and origin of dust source within the mine network. CFD models were developed using the Lagrangian particle tracking approach to model dust transportation in reduced scale model of mine. Three dimensional CFD analysis showed random deposition pattern of particle on the mine model floor. A pseudo 2D model was generated to approximate the distance dust particles travel when released from a 7 ft. high coal seam. The models showed that lighter particles released in a high airflow field travel farthest. NIOSH developed MFIRE software was adopted to simulate dust transportation in a mine airway analogous to fume migration. The simulations from MFIRE can be calibrated using the dust sampling results to estimate dust transportation in the ventilation network.
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Filgueiras, Manuel Caetano Mariano. "London's Bus Network Design and Frequency Setting After the Pandemic." Master's thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/136780.
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Moghaddam, Seyed Mohammad Hassan Mahdavi. "Methodology for simlutaneous bus transit route network design and frequency setting problem in small and medium sized cities." Thesis, 2016. http://localhost:8080/iit/handle/2074/7193.
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Bhattacharya, Abhijit. "Modeling, Performance Analysis and Design of Wireless Networks for Embedded Sensing Applications." Thesis, 2016. http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4065.
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The general theme of this thesis is modeling, performance analysis, and design of wireless networks under standardized CSMA/CA MAC protocols. In particular, we consider two widely used MAC protocols, namely, IEEE 802.15.4, and IEEE 802.11. The first two parts of the thesis are devoted to systematic design and analysis of multi-hop wire-less networks under the IEEE 802.15.4 (“ZigBee”) PHY and MAC for embedded sensing and monitoring applications, which are becoming ubiquitous with the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT). In particular, we address the broad problem of designing a multi-hop wireless sensor network at minimum deployment cost, i.e., by placing as few additional relay nodes and base stations as possible, to convey sensed data from a set of given source locations to at least one base station location, while satisfying some given Quality of Service (QoS) objectives such as end-to-end probability of delivery, mean delay, and robustness to node failures. Depending on the deployment area, and tra c requirements of the applications, this problem leads to several design problems.
In Part 1 of the thesis, we deal with very low data rate applications such as those encountered in environment or resource monitoring applications (e.g., smart metering). In this case, the contention due to CSMA/CA is negligible, and we show that the problems reduce to one of graph design with various topological constraints. For each of these graph design problems, we provide a mathematical formulation under certain simplifying assumptions, study the computational complexity of the formulation (and show that the problems are NP-hard), and propose polynomial time heuristic approximation algorithms to obtain good solutions within a reasonable computation time. We also provide worst case and average case approximation guarantees for our proposed algorithms.
In Part 2, we deal with low to moderate data rate applications such as those encountered in health monitoring. In this case, the contention due to CSMA/CA must be taken into account to accurately predict the network performance. We adopt an approximate, but accurate fixed point analysis for multi-hop tree networks developed in [1] that takes into account collision due to CSMA/CA contention, hidden node effects, etc. We provide a simplification of this analysis for the case of no hidden nodes in a regime where the packet discard probability is low; we then use this simplified model to derive explicit conditions on the topology, and the arrival rate vector to satisfy given QoS objectives. This, in turn, enables us to derive simple design rules for throughput optimal network design for a wide range of QoS objectives.
Part 3 of the thesis is devoted to the study of single-hop networks operating under the IEEE 802.11 DCF MAC (“WiFi”). However, unlike the conventional WiFi, we study systems where one or more of the protocol parameters are different from the standard, and/or where the propagation delays among the nodes are not negligible compared to the duration of a backoff slot. We observe that for several classes of protocol parameters, and for large propagation delays, such systems exhibit a certain performance anomaly known as short term unfairness, which may lead to severe performance degradation. The standard fixed point analysis technique (and its simple extensions) do not predict the system behavior well in such cases; a mean field model based asymptotic approach also is not adequate to predict the performance for networks of practical sizes in such cases. We have developed a new approximate, but accurate analytical framework for predicting the performance of such systems. Apart from providing insights into the system behavior, the analytical method is also able to quantify the extent of short term unfairness in the system, and can therefore be used for tuning the protocol parameters to achieve desired throughput and fairness objectives.
Books on the topic "Network Design Setting"
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Konorski, Jerzy. Distributed network protocols for anonymous stations in cooperative and noncooperative settings. Gdańsk: Wydawn. Politechniki Gdańskiej, 2006.
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Moore, Martyn. The Photographer's Guide to Setting Up a Website. David & Charles, 2005.
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The Photographers Guide To Setting Up A WebSite. David & Charles Publishers, 2005.
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Berthod, Olivier, Michael Grothe-Hammer, and Jörg Sydow. Inter-organizational ethnography. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796978.003.0011.
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Olivier Berthod, Michael Grothe-Hammer, and Jörg Sydow report an unconventional research design using multi-site ethnography. The aim is to study inter-organizational relationships, which are not well understood, and are not addressed by single-site ethnographic methods. Ethnography is a popular and established methodology in organization studies. However, organizing is a process that crosses boundaries, and the traditional approach that involves immersing the ethnographer in one defined social or organizational setting means that inter-organizational phenomena are overlooked. The challenge is to conduct fieldwork at multiple sites, across which inter-organizational relations may be conducted with varying degrees of formality, and be more or less visible. Inter-organizational ethnography thus builds on the combination of several techniques. Four techniques are explored: following boundary objects, capturing network enactments, using several investigators, and repeat interviews. The methodology is illustrated with a study of the network of eighty organizations that deal with large-scale crises and emergencies in Düsseldorf.
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Coolen, A. C. C., A. Annibale, and E. S. Roberts. Ensembles with hard constraints. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198709893.003.0005.
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This chapter introduces random graph ensembles involving hard constraints such as setting a fixed total number of links or fixed degree sequence, including properties of the partition function. It continues on from the previous chapter’s investigation of ensembles with soft-constrained numbers of two-stars (two-step paths) and soft-constrained total number of triangles, but now combined with a hard constraint on the total number of links. This illustrates phase transitions in a mixed-constrained ensemble – which in this case is shown to be a condensation transition, where the network becomes clumped. This is investigated in detail using techniques from statistical mechanics and also looking at the averaged eigenvalue spectrum of the ensemble. These phase transition phenomena have important implications for the design of graph generation algorithms. Although hard constraints can (by force) impose required values of observables, difficult-to-reconcile constraints can lead to graphs being generated with unexpected and unphysical overall topologies.
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Archer-Parré, Caroline, and Malcolm Dick, eds. John Baskerville. Liverpool University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9781786940643.001.0001.
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This book is concerned with the eighteenth-century typographer, printer, industrialist and Enlightenment figure, John Baskerville (1707-75). Baskerville was a Birmingham inventor, entrepreneur and artist with a worldwide reputation who made eighteenth-century Birmingham a city without typographic equal, by changing the course of type design. Baskerville not only designed one of the world’s most historically important typefaces, he also experimented with casting and setting type, improved the construction of the printing-press, developed a new kind of paper and refined the quality of printing inks. His typographic experiments put him ahead of his time, had an international impact and did much to enhance the printing and publishing industries of his day. Yet despite his importance, fame and influence many aspects of Baskerville’s work and life remain unexplored and his contribution to the arts, industry and technology of the Enlightenment are largely unrecognized. Moreover, recent research in archaeology, art and design, history, literary studies and typography, is leading to a fundamental reassessment of many aspects of Baskerville’s life and impact, including his birthplace, his work, the networks which sustained him and the reception of his printing in Britain and overseas. This interdisciplinary approach provides an original contribution to printing history, eighteenth-century studies and the dissemination of ideas.
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Müller, Claudia, and Lin Wan. Information and Communication Technology Design in a Complex Moral Universe. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198733249.003.0012.
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Increasing life expectancy and reduced birth rates as results of the recent demographic changes are linked to drastic changes in age structures. Aging societies are facing enormous challenges that are linked to increased age, reduced physical and mental capabilities, and the risk of social isolation and reduced autonomy. In an attempt to address these challenges, the fields of active aging and ambient assisted living currently focus on the use of technological innovations, which aim at developing innovative products as well as services and concepts to be implemented in care settings such as dementia care. However, sustainable implementation of these IT-based innovations often fails, because such innovations are not embedded in the everyday practices of elderly people and their surrounding social networks. Practice-based design enables acknowledging the often complex organizational, ideological, and practical issues that form part of a moral universe.
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Baudouin, Simon, and Steve Ball. Normal physiology of the endocrine system. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0249.
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The endocrine system describes an array of chemical signals (hormones). Working in concert with the nervous system, the endocrine system forms a complex neurohumoral network, communicating changes in the environment to facilitate adaptive responses and serving to integrate those responses in a coherent, coordinated manner. The endocrine system has inherent rhythmicity, which has important implications for the integration and coordination of metabolism, and how we measure endocrine signals in clinical settings. At a cellular level, hormone action is mediated through a series of discrete, but interacting signal transduction pathways. This chapter outlines a functional design approach to endocrinology; providing a framework covering the principles of hormone regulation and hormone action—critical for understanding the role of the endocrine system in physiology and pathophysiology.
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Kubek, Maria M., and Zhong Li, eds. Autonomous Systems 2018. VDI Verlag, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/9783186862105.
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To meet the expectations raised by the terms Industry 4.0, Industrial Internet and Internet of Things, real innovations are necessary, which can be brought about by information processing systems working autonomously. Owing to their growing complexity and their embedding in ever-changing environments, their design becomes increasingly critical. Thus, the many topics addressed in this book range from data integration on hardware level to methods for security and safety of data and to stochastic methods, data interferences as well as machine learning and search in decentralised systems. Their validity is proven by extensive simulation results. Also, applications for methods from deep learning and neurocomputing are presented. The sustainable management of energy systems using intelligent methods of self-organisation and learning is dealt with in the second major part of this book. As in these particular settings, the assessment of network vulnerabilities plays a crucial role, respective ...
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Murphy, Patrick D. Introduction. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252041037.003.0001.
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This introduction situates the book within an apparent paradox: In this age of climate change, internationally networked media systems and mobile technologies increasingly serve as the purveyors of environmentally “progressive” themes designed to awaken eco-consciousness and engender citizen based action. However, despite the rise in eco-driven plots in entertainment, green advertising and green voices in the blogosphere, citizens from countries both rich and poor around the world continue to be enmeshed in mediascapes designed to encourage consumption. To engage these contradictions and developments, this chapter outlines why it is important to make sense of the media’s circulation of ideas and issues regarding the environment around the globe, setting the tone for the following chapters by suggesting how the study of media and globalization can expose the links between corporate agendas, state agendas, consumer culture, resource depletion, food security, environmental risk, anthropogenic climate change, and public life.
Book chapters on the topic "Network Design Setting"
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Capali, Buket, and Halim Ceylan. "Intelligent Water Drops Algorithm for Urban Transit Network Design and Frequency Setting." In Artificial Intelligence and Applied Mathematics in Engineering Problems, 894–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36178-5_78.
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Shu, Zhong, Boer Deng, Luo Tian, Fen Duan, Xinyu Sun, Liangzhe Chen, and Yue Luo. "Construction of SDN Network Management Model Based on Virtual Technology Application." In Proceeding of 2021 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Applications, 257–68. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2456-9_28.
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AbstractThis paper designs a virtual SDN network management model constrained by fair and equal network management information access mechanisms by analyzing the problems existing in the universality of existing SDN network management models. Starting with the three-tier structure of the SDN network management system, the main parameters involved in the network management service function, information processing and transmission channel construction in the system were strictly and normatively defined. The design of virtual nodes is regarded as the core element of the network management system, and the information transmission inside it adopts logical operation; The network management service function and the channel for realizing the network management service function are isolated, and the iterative search, analysis and update mechanism is enabled in the network management information transmission channel. By constructing the experimental verification platform and setting the evaluation parameters of the system performance objectives, the scalability and timeliness of the model were evaluated from two aspects: the deployment of network virtual nodes and the dynamic control of network management information channels. The collected experimental core evaluation parameters, the realization time of the network management service function, can show that the dynamic distribution mechanism of network management information can be cross-applied to each virtual node, and the channel update mechanism of network management information can adjust the information processing queue in real-time. The network management system model that has been built realizes the separation of management and control of the network management system and has the characteristics of independent operation, autonomous function, self-matching, rapid deployment and dynamic expansion.
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Scataglini, Sofia, and Daniele Busciantella-Ricci. "Fab the Knowledge." In Makers at School, Educational Robotics and Innovative Learning Environments, 119–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77040-2_16.
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AbstractThis paper draws a link between what happens in maker spaces and how these processes can be simulated in the mathematical collaborative model (co-model) of the research through collaborative design (co-design) process (RTC). The result is the ability to identify the main variables for simulating the “making” dynamics of the RTC model. This outcome is discussed with an emphasis on the “intangible” role of “making,” alongside the proposed concept of “fab the knowledge.” Speculative thinking is used here to link the innovative and theoretical aspects of design research to their application in and for innovative learning contexts. The RTC co-model can be used to compute, simulate and train a co-design process in intangible spaces, such as fab labs. In these spaces, multiple actors with different skills and backgrounds, who may or may not be experts in design, collaborate on setting a design question and identifying a shared design answer, in a process of RTC. A “network” of neural mechanisms operating and communicating between design experts and non-experts, like a computing system of a biological mechanism, can be used to train and simulate a research answer, thereby “fabricating” knowledge.
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Huh, Jun-Ho, Taehoon Koh, and Kyungryong Seo. "Design of NMEA2000 CAN Bus Integrated Network System and Its Test Bed: Setting Up the PLC System in Between Bridge–Bow Room Section on a Container Ship as a Backbone System." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 191–204. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2728-1_18.
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Rienties, Bart, Nuria Hernandez Nanclares, Juliette Hommes, and Koen Veermans. "Understanding Emerging Knowledge Spillovers in Small-Group Learning Settings: A Networked Learning Perspective." In The Design, Experience and Practice of Networked Learning, 127–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01940-6_7.
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Xie, Y., J. Lian, and Y. Zhou. "A Slime Mold System Driven by Skeletonization Errors." In Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication, 40–51. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8637-6_4.
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AbstractThis paper proposed a new way to generate slime mold patterns using a typical voronoi-based skeletonization method. As a recursive system, it redraws and expands the resulting trails of skeletonization and feeds them back as an image source for skeletonization. Through iterations, it utilizes the difference before and after skeletonization to generate slime-mold-like patterns. During the whole process, we tested different growth types with different parameter settings and environmental conditions. Since most researches on skeletonization focus on minimizing errors, on the opposite side this method utilizes errors of skeletonisation (e.g. subtracted skeletons at “branch” areas of the bitmap are different from the original brush trails or the best result we expect) as the basis of the generative process. The redraw process makes it possible to reconnect skeletons via intersected brushes, continuously changing the topology of the network. Unlike the traditional slime mold algorithm which operates on every single agent, our method is driven by image-based solutions. On the output side, this system provides a condensed vector result, which is more applicable for design purposes.
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Hinrichs, Reemt, Kevin Gerkens, and Jörn Ostermann. "Classification of Guitar Effects and Extraction of Their Parameter Settings from Instrument Mixes Using Convolutional Neural Networks." In Artificial Intelligence in Music, Sound, Art and Design, 101–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-03789-4_7.
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Provenzano, Vincenzo, and Maria Rosaria Seminara. "S4 + and the Sustainability Dimension for a New Territorial Perspective." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 46–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34211-0_3.
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AbstractThe European Commission has made sustainable development a central element of its growth strategy for the next few years. From an all-encompassing perspective, the European Green Deal (EGD) represents the EU’s contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the “Smart Specialization Strategy” (S3), and the attempt of the EU at a position of global leadership in sustainable development. This paper states that an effective innovation-oriented policy, including a sustainable dimension, requires an adequate division of labour between the EC, national and regional/local governance levels, and the shift from S3 to S4 +, a smart specialization sustainable strategy. It also underlines how a territorial approach to policies is suitable for incorporating a five-helix innovation model and is well suited for implementing S4 +. Therefore, the Ecological Transition, illustrated in the EGD, requires a new governance design and management attitude. This contribution proposes a framework for implementing the new EGD strategy and the consequent implementation of the sustainability dimension. Numerous challenges focus on the sub-regional level highlighting the Community-Led Local Development (CLLD) as a tailored governance model that can include Sustainability and innovation in a complete democratic setting.
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Urzelai, Berrbizne, Lauren Caple, and Samuel Watkins. "Female Entrepreneurs’ Motivations, Intentions and Barriers in Higher Education: A Case Study from Team Academy Bristol." In FGF Studies in Small Business and Entrepreneurship, 223–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28559-2_15.
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AbstractThe objective of this study is to examine factors contributing to entrepreneurial intention, motivation and barriers among female university students. For this, we take a case study approach and focus on a Team Academy undergraduate degree programme run in Bristol, UK, which bases its pedagogical model on student-centred, experiential and team-based learning where students use their team companies through 3 years to engage in real-world, trade-based activities and ventures and reflect on their learning by getting support and encouragement from team coaches and mentors. Data gathered through semi-structured questionnaires from female students and graduates of the programme since it was launched in 2013–2014 shows that entrepreneurial motivation, intentions and perceptions on barriers might have specific characteristics for entrepreneurial females in higher education as the reasons and ambitions are also influenced by their student identity, beyond their entrepreneurial identity.Our findings highlight that the experiential-led nature of the Team Academy educational setting provides a supportive environment which facilitates enhanced levels of self-efficacy for female entrepreneurial students, i.e. their belief in their ability to start ventures is enhanced through their practical experiences of doing so during their programme of study.While female students are in the minority on the programme, making up just 15% of the cohort, their entrepreneurial intentions remain strong or increase during their time at university, and they have a positive attitude towards the benefits of becoming entrepreneurs. However, our data suggests that female students may lack the confidence to take actions and risks, and the support network of their peers and team coaches is key in empowering them and helping to minimise self-doubt.The findings in this chapter inform changes within the programme and suggestions for future development of a more inclusive and diverse degree. The findings also have implications for entrepreneurship educators in further understanding the potential motivations, entrepreneurial intentions and entrepreneurial barriers of female students engaging in an entrepreneurial degree programme. This offers important considerations in terms of how inclusivity and diversity can be reflected in curriculum design.
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Ibrahim, Mohamed, Shagufta Henna, and Gary Cullen. "Multi-Graph Convolutional Neural Network for Breast Cancer Multi-task Classification." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 40–54. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26438-2_4.
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AbstractMammography is a popular diagnostic imaging procedure for detecting breast cancer at an early stage. Various deep-learning approaches to breast cancer detection incur high costs and are erroneous. Therefore, they are not reliable to be used by medical practitioners. Specifically, these approaches do not exploit complex texture patterns and interactions. These approaches warrant the need for labelled data to enable learning, limiting the scalability of these methods with insufficient labelled datasets. Further, these models lack generalisation capability to new-synthesised patterns/textures. To address these problems, in the first instance, we design a graph model to transform the mammogram images into a highly correlated multigraph that encodes rich structural relations and high-level texture features. Next, we integrate a pre-training self-supervised learning multigraph encoder (SSL-MG) to improve feature presentations, especially under limited labelled data constraints. Then, we design a semi-supervised mammogram multigraph convolution neural network downstream model (MMGCN) to perform multi-classifications of mammogram segments encoded in the multigraph nodes. Our proposed frameworks, SSL-MGCN and MMGCN, reduce the need for annotated data to 40% and 60%, respectively, in contrast to the conventional methods that require more than 80% of data to be labelled. Finally, we evaluate the classification performance of MMGCN independently and with integration with SSL-MG in a model called SSL-MMGCN over multi-training settings. Our evaluation results on DSSM, one of the recent public datasets, demonstrate the efficient learning performance of SSL-MNGCN and MMGCN with 0.97 and 0.98 AUC classification accuracy in contrast to the multitask deep graph (GCN) method Hao Du et al. (2021) with 0.81 AUC accuracy.
Conference papers on the topic "Network Design Setting"
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Zhangzhuo, DONG, HUO Pengxiong, PENG Junhua, and YANG Zhuang. "Design and Implementation of Distribution Network Setting Program Architecture." In 2019 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Electronics and Communication Engineering (ICECE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icece48499.2019.9058495.
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Ying, Wei, and Teng Yan. "Research on Network Course Setting Based on the Topological Sort and Activity on Edge Network." In 2013 Fourth International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Engineering Applications (ISDEA). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isdea.2013.520.
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Wu, Xiaojian, Yexiang Xue, Bart Selman, and Carla P. Gomes. "XOR-Sampling for Network Design with Correlated Stochastic Events." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/647.
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Many network optimization problems can be formulated as stochastic network design problems in which edges are present or absent stochastically. Furthermore, protective actions can guarantee that edges will remain present. We consider the problem of finding the optimal protection strategy under a budget limit in order to maximize some connectivity measurements of the network. Previous approaches rely on the assumption that edges are independent. In this paper, we consider a more realistic setting where multiple edges are not independent due to natural disasters or regional events that make the states of multiple edges stochastically correlated. We use Markov Random Fields to model the correlation and define a new stochastic network design framework. We provide a novel algorithm based on Sample Average Approximation (SAA) coupled with a Gibbs or XOR sampler. The experimental results on real road network data show that the policies produced by SAA with the XOR sampler have higher quality and lower variance compared to SAA with Gibbs sampler.
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Chowdhury, Arindam B., Juncheng Li, and David J. Cappelleri. "Comparison of Neural Network-Based Pose Estimation Approaches for Mobile Manipulation." In ASME 2021 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-69800.
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Abstract In this paper, we present two distinct neural network-based pose estimation approaches for mobile manipulation in factory environments. Synthetic datasets, unique to the factory setting, are created for neural network training in each approach. Approach I uses a CNN in conjunction with RBG and depth images. Approach II uses the DOPE network along with RGB images, CAD dimensions of the objects of interest, and the PnP algorithm. Each approach is evaluated and compared across pipeline complexity, dataset preparation resources, robustness, platform and run-time resources, and pose accuracy for manipulation planning. Finally, recommendations for when to use each method are provided.
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Marcianò, F. A., G. Musolino, and A. Vitetta. "Signal setting design on a road network: application of a system of models in evacuation conditions." In RISK ANALYSIS 2010. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/risk100381.
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Marcianò, F. A., G. Musolino, and A. Vitetta. "A system of models for signal setting design of a signalized road network in evacuation conditions." In URBAN TRANSPORT 2010. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/ut100281.
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Banerjee, Srijan, Parnab Saha, Bishaljit Paul, and Chandan Kumar Chanda. "ALLOCATING THE VARIABLE COST OF TRANSMISSION LINES DUE TO ELASTIC LOADS IN A CONGESTED POWER MARKET." In Topics in Intelligent Computing and Industry Design. volkson press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/cic.01.2020.99.102.
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In a competitive power market, the elastic demand for electrical energy transmission is viewed as a prime competitor of generator. Remote generators are needed for transmission to compete with local generators. The value of the transmission is based on the difference of Locational Marginal Price (LMP) of the generators across the network. To maintain the well operation of power market, LMPs which provide the price sensitivity is calculated at every bus. The revenue collected by the transmission owners is a convex quadratic function of the amount of power transmitted. This revenue provides a sound impact on investment perspective for setting the price that producers and customers should pay for the network. In this paper for a three bus system, the LMPs are calculated at the buses and a demand function for the transmission has been modeled which computes the maximum revenue for the optimal transmission capacity in the syste.
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Cang, Ruijin, and Max Yi Ren. "Deep Network-Based Feature Extraction and Reconstruction of Complex Material Microstructures." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59404.
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Computational material design (CMD) aims to accelerate optimal design of complex material systems by integrating material science and design automation. For tractable CMD, it is required that (1) a feature space be identified to allow reconstruction of new designs, and (2) the reconstruction process be property-preserving. Existing solutions rely on the designer’s understanding of specific material systems to identify geometric and statistical features, which could be insufficient for reconstructing physically meaningful microstructures of complex material systems. This paper develops a feature learning mechanism that automates a two-way conversion between microstructures and their lower-dimensional feature representations. The proposed model is applied to four material systems: Ti-6Al-4V alloy, Pb-Sn alloy, Fontainebleau sandstone, and spherical colloids, to produce random reconstructions that are visually similar to the samples. This capability is not achieved by existing synthesis methods relying on the Markovian assumption of material systems. For Ti-6Al-4V alloy, we also show that the reconstructions preserve the mean critical fracture force of the system for a fixed processing setting. Source code and datasets are available.
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Akman, Gu¨ls¸en, and Gu¨l E. Okudan. "A Model for Product Development Performance Monitoring Based on Analytic Network Process." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87689.
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A well-designed performance measurement system can assess the impact of product development on the whole company. To this end, a set of suitable product development measures can provide valuable information for managing the activities and continuous improvement of the product development process. In this paper, via our literature review, we first establish the gaps with regards to the product development performance measurement. Then, we identify performance criteria for assessing product development process effectiveness based on competitive priorities (cost, quality, flexibility, delivery and innovation) followed by an ANP analysis to develop a model for Product Development Performance Monitoring (PDPM). Finally, using a two tier survey setting, the validity and reliability of the PDPM model are ascertained, and field data for its usage as an assessment tool for product development is demonstrated. The field study was conducted by participation of a sample of manufacturing companies in Turkey.
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Lin, Chia-Ching, Yawen Wang, Teik C. Lim, and Weiqing Zhang. "Optimization of Machine Tool Settings on Hypoid Gear Dynamics." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97137.
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Abstract Hypoid gears are widely used to transmit torque on cross axis shafts in a vehicle rear axle system. The dynamic responses of these hypoid geared rotor system have a significant effect on the performance of noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) for the vehicle design. From past studies, the main source of excitation for this vibration energy comes from hypoid gear transmission error (TE). Thus, the design of hypoid gear pair with minimization of TE is one way to control the dynamic behavior of the vehicle axle system. In this paper, an approach to obtain minimum TE and improved dynamic response with optimal machine tool setting parameters for manufacturing hypoid gears is discussed. A neural network, named Feed-Forward Back Propagation (FFBP), with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Gradient Descent (GD) training algorithms are used to predict the TE. With the optimal machine tool setting parameters, a 14 degrees of freedom geared rotor system analysis is performed to verify the improvement on dynamic response aiming at minimizing the TE. A case study of a hypoid gear pair with specified design parameters and working condition is presented to validate the proposed method. The results conclude that minimization of TE, the main excitation of vehicle axle gear whine noise and vibration, with optimal machine tool setting parameters can improve the overall dynamic response. The proposed approach provides a better understanding of an optimal design hypoid gear set to minimize TE and effect on vehicle axle system dynamics.
Reports on the topic "Network Design Setting"
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She, Ruifeng, and Yanfeng Ouyang. Generalized Link-Cost Function and Network Design for Dedicated Truck-Platoon Lanes to Improve Energy, Pavement Sustainability, and Traffic Efficiency. Illinois Center for Transportation, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-037.
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Recent development of autonomous and connected trucks (ACT) has provided the freight industry with the option of using truck platooning to improve fuel efficiency, traffic throughput, and safety. However, closely spaced and longitudinally aligned trucks impose frequent and concentrated loading on pavements, which often accelerates pavement deterioration and increases the life cycle costs for the highway agency. Also, effectiveness of truck platooning can be maximized only in dedicated lanes; and its benefits and costs need to be properly balanced between stakeholders. This paper proposes a network-design model to optimize (i) placement of dedicated truck-platoon lanes and toll price in a highway network, (ii) pooling and routing of ACT traffic from multiple origins and destinations to utilize these lanes, and (iii) configuration of truck platoons within these lanes (e.g., lateral displacements and vehicle separations). The problem is formulated as an integrated bi-level optimization model. The upper level makes decisions on converting existing highway lanes into dedicated platoon lanes, as well as setting user fees. The lower-level decisions are made by independent shippers regarding the choice of routes and use of platoon lanes vs. regular lanes; and they collectively determine truck traffic in all lanes. Link-cost functions for platoon lanes are obtained by simultaneously optimizing, through dynamic programming, pavement-rehabilitation activities and platoon configuration in the pavement's life cycle. A numerical case study is used to demonstrate the applicability and performance of the proposed model framework over the Illinois freeway system. It is shown that the freight traffic is effectively channelized on a few corridors of platoon lanes and, by setting proper user fees to cover pavement-rehabilitation costs, systemwide improvements for both freight shippers and highway agencies can be achieved.
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Davis, Cathlyn. Summative Evaluation: UFERN Framework Professional Learning Community. Oregon State University, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5399/osu/1153.
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The UFERN Framework Professional Learning Community project was funded as a supplement to the existing NSF-funded Undergraduate Field Experiences Research Network (UFERN), which sought to build a vibrant, supportive, and sustainable collaborative network that fostered effective undergraduate field experiences. The goals of the UFERN Framework Professional Learning Community (PLC) supplement were: • To support a small group of field educators in intentional design, implementation and assessment of student-centered undergraduate field experiences in a range of field learning contexts; • To develop effective strategies for supporting undergraduate field educators in using the UFERN Framework as an aid for designing, implementing, and assessing student-centered undergraduate field experience programs; • To assemble vignettes featuring applications of the UFERN Framework in a range of program contexts; and • To expand the community of field educators interested in designing, implementing, and assessing student-centered undergraduate field learning experiences. Sixteen educators participated in the PLC, which targeted participants who taught and facilitated a range of undergraduate field experiences (UFEs) that varied in terms of setting, timing, focus and student population. Due to the COVID pandemic, the originally-planned three-month intensive training took place over nine months (January to October 2021). It consisted of seven video conference sessions (via Zoom) with presentations and homework assignments. It included independent work, as well as guided group discussions with project leaders and other participants, which were supported by online collaborative tools.
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Smit, Amelia, Kate Dunlop, Nehal Singh, Diona Damian, Kylie Vuong, and Anne Cust. Primary prevention of skin cancer in primary care settings. The Sax Institute, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/qpsm1481.
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Overview Skin cancer prevention is a component of the new Cancer Plan 2022–27, which guides the work of the Cancer Institute NSW. To lessen the impact of skin cancer on the community, the Cancer Institute NSW works closely with the NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Advisory Committee, comprising governmental and non-governmental organisation representatives, to develop and implement the NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy. Primary Health Networks and primary care providers are seen as important stakeholders in this work. To guide improvements in skin cancer prevention and inform the development of the next NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy, an up-to-date review of the evidence on the effectiveness and feasibility of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care is required. A research team led by the Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the University of Sydney and Cancer Council NSW, was contracted to undertake an Evidence Check review to address the questions below. Evidence Check questions This Evidence Check aimed to address the following questions: Question 1: What skin cancer primary prevention activities can be effectively administered in primary care settings? As part of this, identify the key components of such messages, strategies, programs or initiatives that have been effectively implemented and their feasibility in the NSW/Australian context. Question 2: What are the main barriers and enablers for primary care providers in delivering skin cancer primary prevention activities within their setting? Summary of methods The research team conducted a detailed analysis of the published and grey literature, based on a comprehensive search. We developed the search strategy in consultation with a medical librarian at the University of Sydney and the Cancer Institute NSW team, and implemented it across the databases Embase, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Scopus, Cochrane Central and CINAHL. Results were exported and uploaded to Covidence for screening and further selection. The search strategy was designed according to the SPIDER tool for Qualitative and Mixed-Methods Evidence Synthesis, which is a systematic strategy for searching qualitative and mixed-methods research studies. The SPIDER tool facilitates rigour in research by defining key elements of non-quantitative research questions. We included peer-reviewed and grey literature that included skin cancer primary prevention strategies/ interventions/ techniques/ programs within primary care settings, e.g. involving general practitioners and primary care nurses. The literature was limited to publications since 2014, and for studies or programs conducted in Australia, the UK, New Zealand, Canada, Ireland, Western Europe and Scandinavia. We also included relevant systematic reviews and evidence syntheses based on a range of international evidence where also relevant to the Australian context. To address Question 1, about the effectiveness of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings, we summarised findings from the Evidence Check according to different skin cancer prevention activities. To address Question 2, about the barriers and enablers of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings, we summarised findings according to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). The CFIR is a framework for identifying important implementation considerations for novel interventions in healthcare settings and provides a practical guide for systematically assessing potential barriers and facilitators in preparation for implementing a new activity or program. We assessed study quality using the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) levels of evidence. Key findings We identified 25 peer-reviewed journal articles that met the eligibility criteria and we included these in the Evidence Check. Eight of the studies were conducted in Australia, six in the UK, and the others elsewhere (mainly other European countries). In addition, the grey literature search identified four relevant guidelines, 12 education/training resources, two Cancer Care pathways, two position statements, three reports and five other resources that we included in the Evidence Check. Question 1 (related to effectiveness) We categorised the studies into different types of skin cancer prevention activities: behavioural counselling (n=3); risk assessment and delivering risk-tailored information (n=10); new technologies for early detection and accompanying prevention advice (n=4); and education and training programs for general practitioners (GPs) and primary care nurses regarding skin cancer prevention (n=3). There was good evidence that behavioural counselling interventions can result in a small improvement in sun protection behaviours among adults with fair skin types (defined as ivory or pale skin, light hair and eye colour, freckles, or those who sunburn easily), which would include the majority of Australians. It was found that clinicians play an important role in counselling patients about sun-protective behaviours, and recommended tailoring messages to the age and demographics of target groups (e.g. high-risk groups) to have maximal influence on behaviours. Several web-based melanoma risk prediction tools are now available in Australia, mainly designed for health professionals to identify patients’ risk of a new or subsequent primary melanoma and guide discussions with patients about primary prevention and early detection. Intervention studies have demonstrated that use of these melanoma risk prediction tools is feasible and acceptable to participants in primary care settings, and there is some evidence, including from Australian studies, that using these risk prediction tools to tailor primary prevention and early detection messages can improve sun-related behaviours. Some studies examined novel technologies, such as apps, to support early detection through skin examinations, including a very limited focus on the provision of preventive advice. These novel technologies are still largely in the research domain rather than recommended for routine use but provide a potential future opportunity to incorporate more primary prevention tailored advice. There are a number of online short courses available for primary healthcare professionals specifically focusing on skin cancer prevention. Most education and training programs for GPs and primary care nurses in the field of skin cancer focus on treatment and early detection, though some programs have specifically incorporated primary prevention education and training. A notable example is the Dermoscopy for Victorian General Practice Program, in which 93% of participating GPs reported that they had increased preventive information provided to high-risk patients and during skin examinations. Question 2 (related to barriers and enablers) Key enablers of performing skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings included: • Easy access and availability of guidelines and point-of-care tools and resources • A fit with existing workflows and systems, so there is minimal disruption to flow of care • Easy-to-understand patient information • Using the waiting room for collection of risk assessment information on an electronic device such as an iPad/tablet where possible • Pairing with early detection activities • Sharing of successful programs across jurisdictions. Key barriers to performing skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings included: • Unclear requirements and lack of confidence (self-efficacy) about prevention counselling • Limited availability of GP services especially in regional and remote areas • Competing demands, low priority, lack of time • Lack of incentives.
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Sánchez-Pájaro, Andrés, Tonatiuh Barrientos-Gutiérrez, and Carolina Pérez-Ferrer. Social and built environment interventions to prevent alcohol, tobacco, and legal cannabis use: a scoping review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.5.0101.
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Eligibility criteria: We will use the following inclusion criteria: 1) Document must mention by name or describe at least one intervention, strategy, program or policy to prevent alcohol, tobacco and legal cannabis use. 2) Document must contain enough information for the researchers to determine if the intervention, strategy, program or policy was aimed at modifying the social and/or built environment. 3) Intervention, strategy, program or policy must have been aimed at modifying the social and/or built environment, using the following definitions: Social environment: “…the immediate physical surroundings, social relationships, and cultural milieus within which defined groups of people function and interact…Social environments can be experienced at multiple scales, often simultaneously, including households, kin networks, neighborhoods, towns and cities, and regions…”; Built environment: “the surroundings or conditions designed and built through human intervention, where a person lives or operates”. 4) Document must mention that intervention/strategy/program/policy has been implemented within the last 30 years (1992-2022), whatever the setting, time frame, or subpopulation. 5) Document must be within the body of scientific literature (peer-reviewed articles, research journal commentaries, editorials, or perspective pieces), be a published book or book chapter, a government, multinational organization or non-profit organization report, or a dissertation/thesis. 6) Document must not be a conference abstract, public letter, speech transcript, budget report, independent website post or blog, or news article. 7) Document must be in English or Spanish. 8) Document must be open-source, publicly available online, or accessible through the INSP’s library services.
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London, Jonathan D. Adoption, Adaption, and the Iterative Challenges of Scaling up in Vietnam: Policy Entrepreneurship and System Coherence in a Major Pedagogical Reform. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-misc_2023/11.
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Đặng Tự Ân played a pivotal role in the genesis, adoption, and diffusion of pedagogical and curricular reforms that are transforming teaching and learning in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. His is a fascinating story of a career that began with the paralyzing disappointment of being assigned to study in a seemingly lowly teacher training college only to culminate, decades later, in his central role in the research, design, piloting, and scaling up of a reform that, despite numerous difficulties, would shape the most far-reaching and progressive curricular reforms in Vietnam’s long educational history. This essay uses the case of VNEN, a pedagogical and curricular reform adapted to Vietnam from the Colombian Escuela Nueva (EN) model, to advance our understanding of the challenges policy entrepreneurs and networks of policy stakeholders can encounter in efforts to institute pathbreaking reforms and of the formidable challenges they can encounter in bringing such reforms to scale. In contemporary research on the political economy of education and learning, the notion of an education system’s coherence for learning refers to the extent to which an education system develops relations of accountability that support improved learning outcomes across a range of relationships that define an education system and an array of policy design elements that education policies contain (Pritchett 2015, Kaffenberger and Spivack 2022). In the development literature, the notion of iterative adaptation speaks to a process wherein the performance of policies can improve rapidly through experimentation rather than mechanical transplantation of “best practices” (Andrews et al. 2013, Le 2018). From the standpoint of research on education systems and major reform efforts aimed at enhancing learning, the case of VNEN represents a particularly interesting instance of the innovation of pedagogical and curricular reforms that were, at their most successful moments, deeply coherent for learning, but which encountered problems at scale owing to a range of factors highlighted in this analysis. More broadly and however problematic at times, Vietnam’s VNEN experience contributed to the broad uptake and diffusion of new curricula and teaching practices. This raises questions about what we can learn from VNEN, including its successes and problems, that may have value for promoting continued improvement in Education systems performance around learning in Vietnam and other settings.
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Cox, Jeremy. The unheard voice and the unseen shadow. Norges Musikkhøgskole, August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22501/nmh-ar.621671.
Full textAbstract:
The French composer Francis Poulenc had a profound admiration and empathy for the writings of the Spanish poet Federico García Lorca. That empathy was rooted in shared aspects of the artistic temperament of the two figures but was also undoubtedly reinforced by Poulenc’s fellow-feeling on a human level. As someone who wrestled with his own homosexuality and who kept his orientation and his relationships apart from his public persona, Poulenc would have felt an instinctive affinity for a figure who endured similar internal conflicts but who, especially in his later life and poetry, was more open about his sexuality. Lorca paid a heavy price for this refusal to dissimulate; his arrest in August 1936 and his assassination the following day, probably by Nationalist militia, was accompanied by taunts from his killers about his sexuality. Everything about the Spanish poet’s life, his artistic affinities, his personal predilections and even the relationship between these and his death made him someone to whom Poulenc would be naturally drawn and whose untimely demise he would feel keenly and might wish to commemorate musically. Starting with the death of both his parents while he was still in his teens, reinforced by the sudden loss in 1930 of an especially close friend, confidante and kindred spirit, and continuing throughout the remainder of his life with the periodic loss of close friends, companions and fellow-artists, Poulenc’s life was marked by a succession of bereavements. Significantly, many of the dedications that head up his compositions are ‘to the memory of’ the individual named. As Poulenc grew older, and the list of those whom he had outlived lengthened inexorably, his natural tendency towards the nostalgic and the elegiac fused with a growing sense of what might be termed a ‘survivor’s anguish’, part of which he sublimated into his musical works. It should therefore come as no surprise that, during the 1940s, and in fulfilment of a desire that he had felt since the poet’s death, he should turn to Lorca for inspiration and, in the process, attempt his own act of homage in two separate works: the Violin Sonata and the ‘Trois Chansons de Federico García Lorca’. This exposition attempts to unfold aspects of the two men’s aesthetic pre-occupations and to show how the parallels uncovered cast reciprocal light upon their respective approaches to the creative process. It also examines the network of enfolded associations, musical and autobiographical, which link Poulenc’s two compositions commemorating Lorca, not only to one another but also to a wider circle of the composer’s works, especially his cycle setting poems of Guillaume Apollinaire: ‘Calligrammes’. Composed a year after the ‘Trois Chansons de Federico García Lorca’, this intricately wrought collection of seven mélodies, which Poulenc saw as the culmination of an intensive phase in his activity in this genre, revisits some of ‘unheard voices’ and ‘unseen shadows’ enfolded in its predecessor. It may be viewed, in part, as an attempt to bring to fuller resolution the veiled but keenly-felt anguish invoked by these paradoxical properties.
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Zimmerman, Ephraim, and Staphanie Perles. Vegetation monitoring in relation to white-tailed deer browsing in First State National Historical Park: 2021 summary report. National Park Service, July 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299655.
Full textAbstract:
Baseline information on canopy regeneration and plant community composition is needed in order to better understand white-tailed deer browsing impacts at First State National Historical Park (FRST). In 2021, the Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program (PNHP) established 20 permanent vegetation monitoring plots following methods developed by the NPS Eastern Rivers and Mountains Network (ERMN) to assess and monitor trends in vegetation (Perles et al. 2014b; Perles et al. 2017). These protocols provided an efficient method of assessing the current status of native and non-native vegetation and deer browsing impact. This report documents the methodology used to quantify the vegetative composition of natural areas at FRST and provides a summary of the data collected in the first year of monitoring. This first year’s activities (2021) included the initial baseline vegetation assessment and summary of results from the baseline data analysis. A variety of metrics used to assess the impact of deer browsing on the vegetation were calculated and are presented. A second survey is proposed for 2024. PNHP used the NPS ERMN database and analysis methods (Perles et al. 2014b) to summarize the condition in year 1 (2021). In year 4 (2024), PNHP will investigate changes in the condition of browse-sensitive understory plants and tree seedlings. Plots occurred in a variety of settings, ranging from younger successional communities to more mature forest stands. Seventy-five percent (75%) of the plots occurred in Mature or Late Successional forests. Disturbances and stressors, such as deer browsing can strongly influence future forest structure as open woodlands mature. A large population of white-tailed deer may severely impact succession from the open woodlands towards closed canopy forest. In closed canopy, later successional forests, a large deer population may inhibit canopy tree recruitment leading to regeneration failure. Given that FRST managers desire to maintain the landscape as forest, it is important to maintain an adequate number of seedlings and saplings of tree species to ensure the persistence of canopy of native tree species as Mature and Late Successional Forests continue to age. The 20 permanent sampling plots occurred within 5 plant communities described by Ebert (2016) and were classified using agglomerative hierarchical clustering (HAC analysis) and indicator species analysis. The most common plant communities within the group of sampling plots were the Mixed oak – beech forest and Mesic mixed tulip – oak-hickory-beech forest. The remaining plots were found in successional Tuliptree woodland, Successional woodland, and Thicket types. All plots were assigned to these types described in Ebert (2016) and crosswalked to the National Vegetation Classification (USNVC). A total of 128 plant species were recorded from the 20 plots at FRST. Eighteen (18) species were found in over ½ of the plots surveyed, of which eight (8) were non-native. In all, 29 plants occurring in the plots (23% of total species richness) were considered introduced (non-native). Non-native plant cover ranged from 0–98% as measured in the monitoring plot quadrats. Indicators of deer browsing varied by plant community type at FRST. In general, the drier Mixed oak – beech forests showed substantially greater impact of deer browsing and fewer seedlings of canopy species in the understory. FRST monitoring protocols focus on a few plant species considered as preferred food for white-tailed deer. Sustained browsing may be affecting long-term viability of these species within the parks. Based on the status of these regeneration metrics in FRST, we suggest that the forest in FRST are in imminent regeneration failure. We define imminent failure as parks that are experiencing severe regeneration failure and are at risk of forest loss due to very low seedling and sapling abundance, as well as species mismatches between canopy and regeneration layers. Given the poor regeneration of canopy species across all community types at FRST, managers should seek opportunities to conduct adaptive management in the park’s forests, especially mixed oak – beech forest, to experiment with and monitor the effects of fire, browse exclosures, and canopy thinning to encourage native canopy tree regeneration.