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Academic literature on the topic 'Netherlands Dikes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 29 July 2024

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Netherlands Dikes"

1

LASCARIS, MICHEL. "Leven met water." Tijdschrift voor Historische Geografie 4, no. 4 (January 1, 2019): 265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/thg2019.4.004.lasc.

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Living with water. The Dijkenkaart of the Netherlands De Cultural Heritage Agency made an interesting digital map (in GIS) of all the dikes in the Netherlands. This was possible by using existing digital maps, but new research was necessary to make this general overview. There was discussion about the dating of dikes, because dikes can be of medieval origin, but were adjusted over time. Besides dikes, researchers find GIS and historical information on poldermills, kolks, reclamations and pumping stations. That is why this map is called ‘Living with water’, because this information can help addressing new challenges in climate adaptation strategies dealing with water. Everyone can take a look, or download the map in GIS, on www.cultureelerfgoed.nl/onderwerpen/bronnen-en-kaarten/overzicht/levenmet-water-kaart.

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2

Pyayt, A. L., A. P. Kozionov, V. T. Kusherbaeva, I. I. Mokhov, V. V. Krzhizhanovskaya, B. J. Broekhuijsen, R. J. Meijer, and P. M. A. Sloot. "Signal analysis and anomaly detection for flood early warning systems." Journal of Hydroinformatics 16, no. 5 (March 21, 2014): 1025–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2014.067.

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We describe the detection methods and the results of anomalous conditions in dikes (earthen dams/levees) based on a simultaneous processing of several data streams originating from sensors installed in these dikes. Applied methods are especially valuable in cases where lack of information or computational resources prohibit computing the state of the dike with finite element and other mathematical models. The data-driven methods are part of the artificial intelligence (AI) component of the ‘Urbanflood’ early warning system. This AI component includes pre-processing (e.g., gap filling and measurements synchronization procedures) of data streams, feature extraction and anomaly detection by one-side (also known as one-class) classification methods. Our approach has been successfully validated during a non-destructive piping experiment at the Zeeland dike (The Netherlands).

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Steendam, Gosse Jan, Jentsje W. Van der Meer, Bianca Hardeman, and André Van Hoven. "DESTRUCTIVE WAVE OVERTOPPING TESTS ON GRASS COVERED LANDWARD SLOPES OF DIKES AND TRANSITIONS TO BERMS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 32 (January 29, 2011): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v32.structures.8.

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In 2009 tests have been performed at the Afsluitdijk, the closure dike of Lake IJssel in the Netherlands. This dike has a sand core covered by layers of clay and boulder clay, and a grass cover. In 2010 succeeding tests were performed at a river dike near Zwolle. This dike was a sand dike with a grass cover. In all of these tests research was performed on the behaviour of the grass cover on the landward slope of the dikes. Furthermore, the influence on erodibility of the grass cover caused by damage of the grass cover by mice, moles or other influences like tractor tracks were investigated. Also the influence of obstacles or other elements, which may be present at dikes, was part of the investigations (tree, stairs, fence, maintenance road). It was observed that all of these influences are to some extent contributing to a decrease of the resistance against failure.

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4

Marijnissen, Richard, Matthijs Kok, Carolien Kroeze, and Jantsje van Loon-Steensma. "Re-evaluating safety risks of multifunctional dikes with a probabilistic risk framework." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 19, no. 4 (April 10, 2019): 737–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-737-2019.

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Abstract. It is not uncommon for a flood defence to be combined with other societal uses as a multifunctional flood defence, from housing in urban areas to nature conservation in rural areas. The assessment of the safety of multifunctional flood defences is often done using conservative estimates. This study synthesizes new probabilistic approaches to evaluate the safety of multifunctional flood defences employed in the Netherlands and explores the results of these approaches. In this paper a case representing a typical Dutch river dike combining a flood safety function with a nature and housing function is assessed by its probability of failure for multiple reinforcement strategies considering multiple relevant failure mechanisms. Results show how the conservative estimates of multifunctional flood defences lead to a systematic underestimation of the reliability of these dikes. Furthermore, in a probabilistic assessment uncertainties introduced by multifunctional elements affect the level of safety of the dike proportional to the reliability of the dike itself. Hence, dikes with higher protection levels are more suitable to be combined with potentially harmful uses for safety, whereas dikes with low protection levels can benefit most from uses that contribute to safety.

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Steendam, Gosse Jan, Yvo Provoost, and Jentsje Van der Meer. "DESTRUCTIVE WAVE OVERTOPPING AND WAVE RUN-UP TESTS ON GRASS COVERED SLOPES OF REAL DIKES." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 33 (December 14, 2012): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.structures.64.

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In March 2011 new wave overtopping tests have been performed in the Netherlands. In contrast to previous tests the grass cover of this dike was not maintained well, which had significant effect on erosion stability. Additionally, for the first time a pilot test has been made on wave run-up from an asphalt berm onto the grass covered upper slope of the dike. The tested dike sections had a sand core covered by a layer of clay and a grass cover. The objective was to test the erosion stability of seaward and landward slopes for wave overtopping as well as wave run-up. For the wave overtopping also the influence on erodibility of the grass cover caused by obstacles or other elements, which may be present at dikes (stairs, fences), was investigated.

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6

Jonkman, Harrie B., Josine Junger-Tas, and Bram van Dijk. "From behind dikes and dunes: communities that care in the Netherlands." Children & Society 19, no. 2 (2005): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chi.865.

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7

van Loon-Steensma, J. M., and P. Vellinga. "Robust, multifunctional flood protection zones in the Dutch Rural Riverine area." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 1, no. 4 (August 7, 2013): 3857–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-1-3857-2013.

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Abstract. This paper reviews the possible functions of robust dikes in the rural riverine areas of the Netherlands. It furthermore reviews and analyses strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with robust, multifunctional flood defense zones in rural riverine zones. The study focused on recent plans and ideas for innovative dike reinforcement at five locations in the Netherlands, supplemented with information obtained in semi-structured interviews with experts and stakeholders. At each of the five locations, suitable robust flood defenses could be identified that would contribute to the envisaged functions and ambitions for the respective areas. Primary strengths of the robust, multifunctional approach were identified as combined uses of limited space, a longer-term focus, and greater safety. The new approach offers opportunities as well, in particular, with regard to tasks, problems, and objectives related to infrastructure, land-use planning, nature and landscape protection, and development. These provide possibilities for co-financing as well.

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8

Lenk, Stephan, Diego Rybski, Oliver Heidrich, Richard J. Dawson, and Jürgen P. Kropp. "Costs of sea dikes – regressions and uncertainty estimates." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 5 (May 29, 2017): 765–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-765-2017.

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Abstract. Failure to consider the costs of adaptation strategies can be seen by decision makers as a barrier to implementing coastal protection measures. In order to validate adaptation strategies to sea-level rise in the form of coastal protection, a consistent and repeatable assessment of the costs is necessary. This paper significantly extends current knowledge on cost estimates by developing – and implementing using real coastal dike data – probabilistic functions of dike costs. Data from Canada and the Netherlands are analysed and related to published studies from the US, UK, and Vietnam in order to provide a reproducible estimate of typical sea dike costs and their uncertainty. We plot the costs divided by dike length as a function of height and test four different regression models. Our analysis shows that a linear function without intercept is sufficient to model the costs, i.e. fixed costs and higher-order contributions such as that due to the volume of core fill material are less significant. We also characterise the spread around the regression models which represents an uncertainty stemming from factors beyond dike length and height. Drawing an analogy with project cost overruns, we employ log-normal distributions and calculate that the range between 3x and x∕3 contains 95 % of the data, where x represents the corresponding regression value. We compare our estimates with previously published unit costs for other countries. We note that the unit costs depend not only on the country and land use (urban/non-urban) of the sites where the dikes are being constructed but also on characteristics included in the costs, e.g. property acquisition, utility relocation, and project management. This paper gives decision makers an order of magnitude on the protection costs, which can help to remove potential barriers to developing adaptation strategies. Although the focus of this research is sea dikes, our approach is applicable and transferable to other adaptation measures.

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9

Wichman, Bernadette, Mark Klein Breteler, Arjan De Looff, and Jan Hateboer. "AGED ASPHALTIC DIKE REVETMENTS ON (SATURATED) SAND TESTED IN A LARGE DELTAFLUME." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.structures.3.

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In the Netherlands, 600 km of the sea dikes are protected by an asphaltic revetment which must resist considerable wave loads with a significant wave height of up to 4.5 m. The subsoil is normally sandy, and the asphalt layer can fail as a result of fatigue due to repeated loading under storm conditions (Wichman & Davise 2016). Fifty years old asphalt has been taken from the Dutch Lauwersmeer dike and placed on a sand body in the large Deltaflume at Deltares, where it is possible to generate large waves (up to 4 meters). It is still unsure how the asphalt will fail, while interacting with the sandy subsoil, depending on the position of the phreatic line, among other factors.

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van Doorn-Hoekveld, Willemijn, and Frank Groothuijse. "Analysis of the Strengths and Weaknesses of Dutch Water Storage Areas as a Legal Instrument for Flood-risk Prevention." Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 14, no. 1 (April 21, 2017): 76–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18760104-01401005.

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New flood risks require a new flood risk management approach. In the Netherlands there has always been a strong focus on flood defence. However, flood defence in the form of dikes alone will not be sufficient to keep the Netherlands habitable in the future. The ‘Room for Water’ debate has led to a new legal instrument: water storage areas, which fits perfectly in one of the requirements of the Floods Directive. This relatively new instrument has its own legal framework that is embedded in water law as well as in spatial planning law. This paper analyses the legal framework of the Dutch water storage areas in order to provide a swot analysis that may serve other states that aim to improve their flood risk management strategies.

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Books on the topic "Netherlands Dikes"

1

Coster, Wim. Omtrent de Vechtlanden: Waterschapsgeschiedenis in noordoost Overijssel. Zwolle: Waanders, 1999.

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2

Theo, Michels, and Centre for Research and Contract Standardization in Civil and Traffic Engineering (The Netherlands), eds. Still more bikes behind dikes: Reader on policy and research for bicycle facilities in the Netherlands. Netherlands: C.R.O.W., 1992.

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3

E, Walter Warren, and Rand Corporation, eds. Investigating basic principles of river dike improvement: Safety analysis, cost estimation, and impact assessment. Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation, 1993.

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4

Wetering, Janwillem Van de. The corpse on the dike. New York: Soho, 1995.

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5

Dutch Dikes. NAi Uitgevers / Publishers Stichting, 2015.

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6

Walker, Warren, and Allan Abrahamse. Investigating Basic Principles of River Dike Improvement: Safety Analysis, Cost Estimation, and Impact Assessment. Rand Corp, 1993.

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7

Beekman, A. A. Waterways, Dikes, Polders, Hydraulic Engineering, Windmills etc. in the Netherlands: A Most Important and Representative Collection of Historical, Geographical, Technical and Legal Books and Separate Maps, for the Greater Part Formed by the Late. Springer London, Limited, 2013.

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8

Wetering, Janwillem Van de. Corpse on the Dike. Soho Press, Incorporated, 2014.

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9

(Illustrator), Eric Carle, ed. The Hole in the Dike (A Blue Ribbon Book). Scholastic Trade, 1993.

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10

Wetering, Janwillem Van de. Corpse on the Dike. Ballantine Books, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Netherlands Dikes"

1

Simanjuntak, T. D. Y. F., D. G. Goeman, M. de Koning, and J. K. Haasnoot. "Shansep Approach for slope stability assessments of river dikes in the Netherlands." In Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering IX, 317–26. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351003629-39.

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2

Goetzmann, William M., and K. Geert Rouwenhorst. "Perpetuities in the Stream of History:A Paying Instrument from the Golden Age of Dutch Finance." In The Origins Of Value, 177–88. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195175714.003.0011.

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Abstract In 1323 Count William of Holland sent his army into the town of Mijdrecht, located in the Diocese of Utrecht, to expell its population and burn down the city. The dikes protecting the low land from the water of the Lek River had broken twice in 1321 and 1322, flooding not only Utrecht but also a large portion of William’s territory. When repeated appeals to the Bishop of Utrecht to make the necessary repairs failed, William resorted to military force to convince his neighbors to sign a charter regulating the upkeep of the waterworks around the Lek in Utrecht. The agreement between Holland and Utrecht marked a reorganization of the Lekdijk-college, one of the oldest water boards in the Netherlands.1 While their exact timing is disputed by historians,2 these events illustrate why water boards are among the oldest public institutions of the Netherlands: flood plains of rivers rarely coincide with state borders, and water management calls for organizations that transcend jurisdictions.

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"Indulgence for the Repair of the Dikes in the Burgundian Netherlands 1515/18." In Documents on the Papal Plenary Indulgences 1300-1517 Preached in the Regnum Teutonicum, 641–51. BRILL, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004360631_027.

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4

Israel, Jonathan. "On the Threshold of the Modern Era." In The Dutch Republic, 9–40. Oxford University PressOxford, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198730729.003.0002.

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Abstract The political, economic, and cultural core of the Dutch Republic after 1572 was the province of Holland, and it is logical that our story should begin with the rise of Holland to prominence in the Low Countries during the thirteenth century. The thirteenth century was indeed a crucial period in the shaping of the Dutch context. Much of the foundation for the later emergence of the north Netherlands in ways which were to astound Europe, and the wider world, was laid at that time. Earlier there had been some primitive construction of dikes and dams to control the movement of water and some digging of drainage channels. But, until around I 200, such work had been on a limited scale and insufflcient to allow regular cultivation of the low-lying western regions of the Netherlands. For even much of the area which was not normally under water remained subject to frequent flooding. Twelfth-century Holland, like Zeeland, much of Friesland, Groningen, and Utrecht, and the part of Flanders adjoining the Scheidt estuary, was a waterlogged marshy land, dangerous, thinly populated, and marginal to the life of the Low Countries as a whole. Most agricultural and commercial activity was carried out on the higher ground, safe from flooding, to the south and also to the east. At that time, north of the great rivers,

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5

Miles Hewstone, Jos Jaspars. "Social categorization, collective beliefs, and causal attribution." In The Social Psychological Study of Widespread Beliefs, 121–41. Oxford University PressOxford, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198521341.003.0010.

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Abstract In the night of the first of February 1953 an exceptionally heavy winter gale and a spring tide coincided along the coast of Holland. The sea broke through the dikes and flooded 20 per cent of all the land that had been reclaimed by the Dutch in the course of centuries. It was the worst natural disaster that had ever occurred in the country; eighteen hundred people drowned overnight. When the Queen of the Netherlands addressed the nation over the radio a few days later, her speech was preceded by the recitation of a verse from the national anthem, one of the most beautiful poems in Dutch literature. Written at the time of the uprising against the Spanish in the sixteenth century as part of a collection of religious resistance songs, it has the Prince of Orange (William the Silent), in true Calvinist spirit, comfort and encourage the survivors of the first and failed military expedition along the River Maas by advocating resignation to an almighty God. The verse recited in the case of the flood of 1953 evoked this attitude in a way that was very appropriate for the occasion: ‘If it had been the will of the Lord at the time, I would have liked to turn from you this heavy tempest, but the Lord above, who governs everything, whom one must always praise, did not desire it’. It served as a poetic, public, and religious explanation comforting the nation and encouraging it to devise a plan to strengthen the dikes once more and shorten the shoreline by 450 miles.We thought of this unique and historic event when, many years later, some of our colleagues (Lalljee et al. 1985) planned to study the role of religious explanations in everyday life and concentrated almost automatically on causal attributions for rare events with negative outcomes. Predictably, the study showed that active members of institutionalized religions invoked divine intervention as an explanation of such events.

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Klerk, W. J., W. Kanning, M. T. van der Meer, and J. W. Nieuwenhuis. "Structural health monitoring in strategies for life-cycle management of dikes: a case study in the north of the Netherlands." In Life-Cycle of Engineering Systems, 582–89. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315375175-70.

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van der Most, H. "Quick scan of options for raising the levels of protection against floods of dike rings in The Netherlands." In Comprehensive Flood Risk Management. CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b13715-182.

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Conference papers on the topic "Netherlands Dikes"

1

Saathoff, Fokke, Stefan Cantré, and Jan Olschewski. "The Need for Multifunctional Dikes in Europe – the MultiDikes Project Concept." In The 13th Baltic Sea Region Geotechnical Conference. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13bsgc.2016.038.

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In Europe there is a considerable interest in new flood protection technologies. In case of sea or river dikes, the land consumption is an important issue, particularly in densely populated urban areas or when other land uses are compromised. However, dikes are generally restricted to the function of flood protection. Only few additional functions are common, such as roads and pathways, which often cause difficulties regarding the planning, construction and maintenance of dikes. The concept of dikes with multiple functions is therefore new. Some innovations are being developed in the Netherlands while in Germany and the rest of Europe these concepts are yet unknown – with the exception of a new prospect regarding woody plants on dams and dikes which is under investigation in Austria and Germany. The lack of multifunctionality also results from the respective laws and regulations, in which the usability of dike construction is strongly restricted. This should be discussed and rethought. The need for multifunctional dike concepts was approved by the German BMBF by funding a seed money project for a duration of 2 years. In this preparatory project, a larger EU cooperation project will be developed, in which the need for multifunctional flood protections and possible solutions will be investigated for different model regions around Europe. This paper presents the general concept and first ideas with the aim of finding additional partners and to start the discussion in the geotechnical research community.

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2

Duinker, Margreet, Peter Rowe, and Wu Liangyong. "Urban Housing." In 1995 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.1995.3.

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Down through the centuries, Amsterdam has always been a compactly built city. There were good reasons for the compactness. It was not easy to make the marshy ground suitable for building. Water courses had to be filled in, marshlands drained, dikes had to be constructed and canals dug. Until the 19th century, the city had to be defended by walls and city ramparts from the surrounding dangers. It was only safe to life inside those walls. Even now there are still good reasons for continuing to build compactly. The Netherlands is a densely populated country where space and nature are scarce; the space we have has to well used, so city expansions were always carefully planned. There’s always been a tension between the need to build compactly and the quality of living in the city. In the history of Amsterdam can be seen how it was necessary to choose between density and space. In periods when the economy was flourishing, such as the 17th century, the city allowed itself more space. In periods of stagnation, buildings were placed increasingly close to each other. But, as architect Rietveld said, “In a properly built city, the scale of a dwelling can be closer to that of a big roomy coat with inside pockets than to a castle.”

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Esteba, Theresa Audrey O. "Living with water. How memory and experience can help build community resilience in Dordrecht." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/evar9042.

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In 2021, Dordrecht, the oldest city in the Netherlands, will be commemorating the 600th anniversary of the St. Elizabeth flood. This disaster flood event inundated the entire Dordrecht and separated the city from Geertruidenberg. After the flood Dordrecht was left with only the old city center that the city had to reclaim their land. To date Dordrecht has remained an island surrounded by water. The city’s vulnerability to flooding have prompted the city to actively participate in climate adaptation strategies and innovative design methodologies to help the island city cope with changing climatic conditions. Dordrecht is one of the cities participating in the Room for the River project which allows vast tracks of land to be flooded in the event of a big flood. The city is also surrounded by dikes that protect parts of the city from any impending flood danger. Still the historic city center which lies in the unembanked area occasionally experience flooding. Every two to five years residents of Dordrecht especially in the old city center experience some low level flooding due to high waters and heavy rainfall. Yearly the city conducts a drill in the city center to train people on how to place flood barriers and sandbags in front of their homes. However, there is also a sense of complacency especially for the areas in the city where the structural measures were heavily constructed (those that are within the dike). This feeling of complacency may have been placed due to their strong belief that the city is indeed safe due to the structural measures that have been carefully integrated to ensure that flooding will never happen again. Memory-based disaster experience can be the starting point in building knowledge on disasters. Most often people who have experienced a disaster can provide experiential knowledge in dealing with disasters in the future. Further people who experience disasters on a more regular basis have more built in memory and knowledge. Using interviews from key stakeholders of Dordrecht, the paper will draw out how this memory-based disaster experience and living with water helps Dordrecht towards its vision to become a self-reliant island.

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Vrouwenvelder, A. W. C. M., and P. Struik. "Safety Philosophy for Dike Design in The Netherlands." In 22nd International Conference on Coastal Engineering. New York, NY: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780872627765.096.

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