Relevant bibliographies by topics / Net buyers

Academic literature on the topic 'Net buyers'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Net buyers"

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Deaton, B. J., J. P. Hoehn, and P. E. Norris. "Net Buyers, Net Sellers, and Agricultural Landowner Support for Agricultural Zoning." Land Economics 83, no. 2 (May 1, 2007): 153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/le.83.2.153.

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Griffin, John M., Jeffrey H. Harris, and Selim Topaloglu. "Why are IPO investors net buyers through lead underwriters?" Journal of Financial Economics 85, no. 2 (August 2007): 518–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2005.12.005.

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Kuberska, Dominika, and Karolina Suchta. "Zachowania nabywców na rynku certyfikowanej żywności dla niemowląt i małych dzieci." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, no. 114 (June 30, 2016): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/eiogz.2016.114.22.

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The aim of the study was to unveil the specifics of consumer behavior on the certified baby food market, in particular with regard to their determinants. A questionnaire was used as a tool to conduct this study. A unique nature of the relationship between the buyer and the consumer on the market (a mother and a child) could have influenced the results obtained. Price is not the key determinant of behavior of buyers on the market. In addition, there is no correlation between the net income per capita and household expenditure on certified baby food.
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Reynaert, Mathias, and James M. Sallee. "Who Benefits When Firms Game Corrective Policies?" American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 13, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 372–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.20190019.

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Firms sometimes comply with externality-correcting policies by gaming the measure that determines policy. This harms buyers by eroding information, but it benefits them when cost savings are passed through into prices. We develop a model that highlights this tension and use it to analyze gaming of automobile carbon emission ratings in the EU. We document startling increases in gaming using novel data. We then analyze the effects of gaming in calibrated simulations. Over a wide range of parameters, we find that pass-through substantially outweighs information distortions; on net, buyers benefit from gaming, even when they are fooled by it. (JEL H23, L51, L62, Q53, Q54, Q58)
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Visser, Mirjam, Ab Stevels, and Jan Schoormans. "Comparing the Recommendations of Buyers of Energy-Efficient and Inefficient Vacuum Cleaners." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (November 24, 2021): 12988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132312988.

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Although environmental awareness is increasing every year, and most people say they prefer to buy more sustainable products, many still do not act on their promise at the cash counter. Sustainable products are often still perceived to have lower quality or reduced performance. Recommendations of sustainable buyers might reduce this perceived risk of sustainability. In this research, the Net-Promotor-Scores (NPS) and the underlying reasons for such recommendations of 888 vacuum cleaner buyers were analyzed. The buyers of energy-efficient vacuum cleaners were found to be significantly less positive about their purchase. A difference in scores is, however, not caused by the difference in the energy efficiency of the products, but by differences in other drivers to recommend a product, such as perceived cleaning performance, ease of use and value for money. Additionally, higher suction power and increased weight positively mediated NPS ratings, irrespective of energy efficiency. Focusing design and communication on these aspects rather than on energy efficiency alone can be used to reduce the perceived green risk and increase trust in sustainable products. In this way, recommendations of buyers of energy-efficient appliances can be an effective additional tool in increasing sustainable consumption.
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Jain, Tinu, and Prashant Mishra. "Dimensions of Privacy Concerns amongst Online Buyers in India." International Journal of Online Marketing 5, no. 1 (January 2015): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijom.2015010104.

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Internet is quickly becoming the public electronic marketplace. Though the internet has revolutionized retail and direct marketing, the full scale incorporation and acceptance of the internet marketplace with the modern business is limited. One major inhibition shown by the internet buyers is in the form of lack of confidence in the newly developed marketing machinery/technology and concern related fear and distrust regarding loss of personal privacy due to easy access of personal information to the marketers. This concern about personal information and privacy varies with consumers especially with countries. It is also suggested that importance provided to various privacy dimensions would vary. The research investigates different dimensions and their interrelationship to identify factors affecting privacy concern among Net buyers in India.
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Wagner, John E., Frederick W. Cubbage, and Thomas P. Holmes. "Estimated Economic Impacts of Environmental Regulations on Southern Softwood Stumpage Markets." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 18, no. 4 (November 1, 1994): 156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/18.4.156.

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Abstract We estimated the economic effects on southern softwood timber producers and buyers of reduced western federal timber harvests and of reduced southern private harvests caused by federal, state, and local environmental regulations. Estimates were computed using applied welfare analysis and current stumpage market conditions. A range of likely changes in southern softwood stumpage markets were analyzed. The combined effects of the environmental regulations and western set-asides are expected to result in higher stumpage prices with little significant change in available quantity supplied. The results indicated that in the short run, timber producers in aggregate (although not necessarily individually) are expected to be the initial overall beneficiaries. Timber producers would realize a net gain (in producer surplus) of about 4.8% in the pulpwood stumpage market and 2.0% in the solidwood stumpage market, while stumpage buyers would realize a net loss (in consumer surplus) of about 4.9% in each market. The estimates provide means of valuing some of the tradeoffs that must be made between protecting the environment and growing timber. South. J. Appl. For. 18(4):156-162.
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Kurichev, Nikolay K., and Ekaterina K. Kuricheva. "Spatial differentiation of activity of nonresident buyers in the housing market in the Moscow region." RUDN Journal of Economics 26, no. 4 (December 15, 2018): 643–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2018-26-4-643-652.

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Housing construction in the Moscow agglomeration is closely linked with the migration of the population to the capital region. The acquisition of real estate by nonresident buyers in the primary market of the Moscow capital region (MСR) in the amount of 2.5 mln m2 provides housing for about 100 000 migrants per year, or about 40 % of the net migration inflow. Buyers from other regions account for 17 % of transactions in Moscow and 23 % in Moscow Oblast. The activity of buyers in the real estate market of the MCR has a spatial differentiation by the Russian regions, which is determined by the factors of natural resource rents, agglomeration effect, the status rents in the large cities, the distance from the MCR. Regional identity of buyers was determined by the addresses of their initial registration. Factor of natural resource rents is evident in the high share (6.4 %) of housing buyers in Moscow from Khanty-Mansi and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs that is almost four times higher than their share in the population. The factor of distance leads to exceeding 2.1 times the share of housing buyers in Moscow from the neighboring regions of the first order over their shares in the population. The greatest activity in the housing market of Moscow is characteristic for residents of cities with the 250 000-500 000 population, of Moscow Oblast - with the 100 000-250 000 population. The share of buyers from the million-plus cities (17.7 %) is slightly greater than their share in the population. Small towns and rural areas have weak buying activity in the housing market. Thus, the development of alternative to Moscow centers of attraction at the national level is associated with a change in migration incentives for residents of cities with 100 000-500 000 population.
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DiGabriele, James A. "The Moderating Effects of Acquisition Premiums in Private Corporations: An Empirical Investigation of Relative S Corporation and C Corporation Valuations." Accounting Horizons 22, no. 4 (December 1, 2008): 415–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/acch.2008.22.4.415.

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SYNOPSIS: This paper presents the results of a moderated multiple regression analysis to show that, all else held equal, a positive premium exists in the valuation of S corporations over C corporations from January 2000 to November 2006. The results of the regression show that the magnitude of the “S corporation premium” indeed depends on the level of interactions of several independent variables. In particular, the results of this study reveal that (1) the premium depends positively on net sales; (2) the premium is higher for the cases in which the transaction is done through asset sales (rather than stock sales); and (3) the premium is higher for the cases in which firms are bought by private buyers (rather than public buyers).
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Zhang, Honglei, Jinhe Zhang, Yang Yang, and Qiang Zhou. "Bargaining Power in Tourist Shopping." Journal of Travel Research 57, no. 7 (August 20, 2017): 947–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287517724917.

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Bargaining behavior is popular when tourists shop, with bargaining power representing the surplus sellers or buyers obtain after price negotiations. This article applies a two-tier stochastic frontier analysis to estimate sellers’ and buyers’ (i.e., tourists’) surplus terms as a measure of their respective bargaining power. Using large-scale data on shopping behavior obtained from a domestic tourist survey conducted in Nanjing, China, between 2005 and 2010, our empirical results indicate that in general, tourists exhibit stronger bargaining power than sellers. Additionally, tourists’ net surplus, as a measure of relative bargaining power, is heavily informed by their tripographic and sociodemographic characteristics, with the former being more influential. In particular, tourists traveling with companions and obtaining travel information from friends and mass media tend to have stronger-than-average bargaining power.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Net buyers"

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Hamontree, Chaowalit. "Coordination buyer-supplier in supply chain models from net present value perspective." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2014. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/coordination-buyersupplier-in-supply-chain-models-from-net-present-value-perspective(bd0f0c81-c783-429c-b2c0-b0fa12344697).html.

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This thesis examines four parts of production and inventory models for buyer-supplier in the supply chain under deterministic conditions. The main objective is to find optimal lot-sizing decisions and inventory policies which derive from the classical inventory and Net Present Value (NPV) framework. Firstly, we study the production and inventory models from the classical framework to identify how to value the holding cost for buyer and supplier in the average profit or cost functions. Secondly, we propose the inventory model derived from the NPV framework to identify the incorrect model from the classical framework. It makes a clear distinction between physical inventory and opportunity costs and the supplier’s reward is identified as a lost term in the supplier’s profit function which it has been proved that the corrected supplier’s profit function does lead to a channel. Thirdly, we developed the quantity discount model derived from the NPV framework to help the supplier increase profits under constant demand. It is found that price discounts often lead to a solution very close to the joint optimal policy for buyer and supplier. Fourthly, four different VMI models are developed which derive from the NPV framework for single-supplier and single buyer under deterministic conditions. The experimental results show that the VMI+ Policy can guarantee to achieve the perfect channel coordination and gives the highest supply chain profit more than other VMI approaches and the classical framework.
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Baldazzi, Alice. "L'innovazione tecnologica nel mondo fieristico Il marketing esperienziale e il ruolo dell'interprete nella Buyer Lounge di Cosmoprof Worldwide Bologna." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20435/.

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L’obiettivo di questo elaborato è esaminare la fiera in qualità di microcosmo e identificarne gli elementi chiave e gli attori principali, nonché il ruolo nel marketing mix aziendale e gli aspetti comunicativi maggiormente interessati. A tal fine, è stata in primo luogo fornita una panoramica storica dell’evento fieristico, descrivendone poi le tappe organizzative cruciali e, infine, i principali vantaggi e svantaggi per espositori e territorio. In secondo luogo, è stato investigato il rapporto tra marketing esperienziale, fieristico e degli eventi allo scopo di metterne in luce i punti di contatto e divergenza. Sono state inoltre analizzate le variabili del marketing mix aziendale che vengono, in un’ottica di inbound marketing, maggiormente influenzate dalla partecipazione a un evento di questo genere. In terzo luogo, l’attenzione è stata rivolta alla comunicazione presente nello stand, in qualità di luogo che contribuisce tanto all’immagine di marca quanto al processo di lead nurturing. In aggiunta, si è considerato il modo in cui l’interprete di trattativa d’affari contribuisce a un’efficace comunicazione in questo setting, tratteggiando il profilo ideale di tale professionista e i problemi principali in cui egli/essa può incorrere. Infine, è stato svolto un caso studio incentrato sulla fiera Cosmoprof Worldwide Bologna per investigare le peculiarità di questo evento in relazione alle osservazioni svolte nei precedenti capitoli.
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Aryal, Jagannath. "Optimisation of a buyer’s sourcing strategy in the mixed auction/direct supply of New Zealand wool." Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1548.

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The New Zealand Wool Industry (NZWI) contributes over a billion dollars a year to NZ gross output. However, this industry is at a crossroads and the incumbent practitioners are looking for ways to increase the value of the New Zealand wool clip. The value of the industry to the economy is directly related to the price which buyers are prepared to pay for wool, primarily as a result of the marketing approaches used, physical parameters of wool as well as intra and inter-fibre competition. The inflation adjusted price has steadily decreased over recent years and understanding of its dynamics is a fundamental problem for the stakeholders. Among the stakeholders, buyers / exporters, heavily involved in the process of price formation currently face a real time problem of sourcing strong wool from two parallel but different marketing systems operated simultaneously – auction and direct supply. The underlying mathematics which governs the decision making of buyers on the price dynamics in these sourcing options is poorly understood. This study developed system models for price formation in both auction and direct supply sourcing and an associated optimization model for the buyer / exporter of the New Zealand wool clip. All three of these models were original and none appear to have been described previously. It is hoped that these three models will be of quite general utility and also be useful therefore for other agricultural commodities that are traded simultaneously via auction and direct supply. The average price for a given wool type, which is the output from this new modelling exercise is precisely what is required as input data for solving the minimization problem in wool blending models.
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Росюк, О. В. "Модернізація політики просування на книжковому ринку (на прикладі магазину "Книголюб" у м. Суми)." Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2019. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/75892.

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Актуальність роботи полягає в тому, що покращення комунікаційної політики обраного закладу допоможе привабити нових покупців та утримати постійних клієнтів, покращити якість обслуговування та витіснити вже існуючих конкурентів. Об’єкт дослідження – магазин «Книголюб» у м. Суми. Предметом дослідження є – розроблення маркетингових комунікацій шляхом аналізу послуг, які надаються в закладі та існуючих проблем, пов'язаних з її наданням. Метою даної роботи є – виявлення найважливіших засобів комунікацій для покращення роботи компанії та модернізація комунікаційної політики .
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Sandell, Erika. "The Speculation Market and newly built condominium in Stockholm." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189279.

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I denna kandidatuppsats har den verkliga bostadsrättsmarknaden studerats ur ett perspektiv inriktat på spekulationsköp av nyproducerade bostadsrätter. Studien omfattar Stockholmsområdet och intervjuer med inblandade aktörer verksamma i områder har legat till grund för undersökningen. Byggbolag, fastighetsmäklare och spekulationsköpare har bistått med information som lett till insyn och fördjupning i spekulationsköpen som pågår av nyproducerade bostadsrätter. Samtliga parter är eniga om att spekulationsköp är vanligt förekommande på dagens bostadsmarknad. Under de senaste två åren har uppemot 30 procent av köpen inom nyproducerade bostadsrätter utgjorts av spekulationsköpare med syfte att göra en ekonomisk vinning. Det stora tidsspannet mellan köp och tillträde, som ofta uppgår till två år, utgör utrymme för bostadens marknadsvärde att stiga rejält i dagens uppåtgående bostadsmarknad. Tre grupper av spekulationsköpare har kunnat urskiljas. Dessa består först och främst av de rutinerade spekulationsköparna med stor koll på bostadsmarknadens prisutveckling. Den andra gruppen består av mer amatörmässiga spekulationsköpare som genom vänner hört hur stora vinster man kan göra. Den tredje gruppen utgörs av fastighetsmäklarna själva som givetvis är väl medvetna om prisutvecklingen, ofta före alla andra, och ser sin chans till snabba pengar. Gemensamt för dessa grupper är att det i hög grad rör sig om yngre män i 30-års åldern med en bra ekonomi. Små bostäder är av högst intresse men även större bostäder till en högre insats är aktuellt för de mer rutinerade köparna. Fastighetsmäklarna spelar en oberoende roll i spekulationsmarknaden, för dem utgör inte spekulationsköpen något problem. För byggherrarna är dock fenomenet problematiskt då det innebär negativa konsekvenser för företaget. Spekulationsköpen resulterar i fler avhopp, utnyttjande av företagens trygghetssystem, missnöjda slutkonsumenter samt en möjlig bidragande faktor till skenande priser och hysteri på bostadsrätter i Stockholm. Byggbolag har vidtagit flertalet åtgärder för att reglera spekulationsköpen. Bland annat förekommer begränsning till max ett pågående köp per kund, krav på lånelöfte, förhöjda kontantinsatser samt svarta interna listor på spekulationsköpare. Fastighetsmäklarna anser att byggbolagen innehar det största ansvaret för reglering av spekulationsköp då det är dem som prissätter bostäderna. Byggbolagen själva anser att ansvaret är fördelat hos flertalet aktörer såsom kommun, lagstiftning, bostadsrättsföreningar samt regleringar hos byggbolagen själva.
In this bachelor thesis the real housing market is studied from a perspective focused on speculative buying of newly built condominiums. The study covers the Stockholm area and interviews with the involved actors operating in this zone have been the basis for the investigation. Construction companies, real estate agents and speculative buyers have provided information that’s aided transparency, and depth of understanding in speculative purchases of newly built condominiums. All parties agree that speculative buying is common in today’s housing market. Over the past two years, up to 30 percent of the purchases of newly constructed condominiums have consisted of speculative buyers out to make a quick profit. The time span between purchase and access, which can be up to two years, allows the property time to react to the current market in Stockholm’s ever-rising housing market. Three groups of speculative buyers have been distinguished; the first group consists primarily of seasoned speculative buyers with a keen eye on price trends and today's housing market. The second group is more amateur, have little experience, but are well informed from friends and acquaintances that large profits can be made. The third group consists of real estate agents, they of course, are well aware of price trends often before anyone else, and see an opportunity for fast profits. Common to all three groups are males in their 30’s, with substantial backing. Smaller condominiums are of greatest interest but also larger ones appear among the more routine buyers. Real estate agents play an independent role in the speculative market, for them the speculative buying is not a problem. For building companies, however, the phenomenon has become problematic because it implies negative consequences for the company. Speculation purchases result in more defections, abuse of security systems, and disgruntled end users - as well as contributing to already soaring house prices in Stockholm. Construction companies have taken several measures to regulate speculative purchases. One of the factors, among others, is the limit of one single on going purchase per customer. Also restricted are increased cash contributions and notably the inclusion of internal black lists used to expose offending buyers. Real estate agents believe that construction companies hold most of the responsibility for the regulation of speculative buying, because they are setting the prices. Construction companies themselves believe that the responsibility is shared by stakeholders such as municipalities, legislation, housing associations – but should also expect internal regulating of their own companies.
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Melander, Lisa. "Supplier Involvement in New Product Development under Technological Uncertainty." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-103943.

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This thesis addresses the challenges that firms are faced with when collaborating with suppliers in new product development (NPD) projects under technological uncertainty. A critical observation that is made in this context is that technologies are evolving faster, making products more complex. At the same time, firms become more specialized. Due to increased complexity and specialization, firms do not possess all the necessary technologies in-house and therefore need to collaborate with external organisations to incorporate new technology into their products. Common collaborators are suppliers who become integrated into the buying firm’s NPD project. However, finding suppliers and collaborating with suppliers in NPD can be problematic. In addition, external collaborations also impact the buying firm internally, since it often needs to coordinate its departments. The purpose of this thesis is to explore supplier involvement in NPD under technological uncertainty. Challenges in supplier selection are concerned with the issues of involving new suppliers or relying on old acquaintances, managing uncertainties, the dilemma of whether to commit to long-term relationships or to maintain flexibility, and deciding on which department that is responsible for evaluating and selecting the supplier. The present study of buyers and suppliers in NPD, shows the challenges that are involved in balancing control, reaching goal alignment, and managing transactional and relational governance. Internal challenges investigate the coordination between the R&D department and purchasing in NPD projects where suppliers are involved. The present findings may be of value for firms who engage in collaborative NPD, or for firms who aim to involve suppliers in their development of new products.
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Rosrell, Cecilia Anna, and Joakim Grunander. "Har svenska nyhetsmedier privilegierat Apple Inc? : Undersökning av hur svenska nyhetsmedier publicerar artiklar kopplade till innovationer och företag." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-26393.

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Sverige anses vara en av världens mest avancerade IT-nationer, där användningen av IT ökar inom både den offentliga och privata sektorn. Företag inom IT branschen expanderar i en starkt föränderlig bransch. En rad olika faktorer har varit grunden till Sveriges position som IT-nation, bland annat en ingenjörs- och innovationstradition över en lång tid, även faktorer som den utbreda användningen av IT i samhället och en snabbhet att implementera nya innovationer. IT-branschen i Sverige utgör 4 % av de sysselsatta i Sverige där omsättning, såväl som antalet anställda, faktiskt ökat även under konjunktursvackor. Syftet med studien är att undersöka om svenska nyhetsmedier i större utsträckning publicerat nyheter om Apple än om deras konkurrenter på smartphone marknaden. For att lättare kunna genomföra studien ska dessa frågeställningar besvaras: Hur har Apple lyckats bygga upp en hajp kring sitt varumärke i Sverige? Har Apple exponerats mer i svenska nyhetsmedier än konkurrenterna på smartphone marknaden? På vilket sätt påverkar svensk nyhetsmedia bilden av Apple? De teorier som används i studien är innovationsteorin, dagordningsteorin samt konsumentbeteendeteorin. Inledningsvis sker en fallstudie där det via sökmotorn på DN och SvD nätupplagor har summerats ihop antalet ordträffar på utvalda ord. Baserat på resultaten av ordanalys utvecklas en semistrukturerad telefonintervju som genomförs med DN. Parallellt sker en semistrukturerad intervju med en anställd på en reklambyrå inriktat mot hur specifikt Apple har gått tillväga för att skapa hajp. Utifrån vår undersökning och analys kom vi fram till att svenska nyhetsmedier inte styrs av bakomliggande faktorer när de offentliggör nyheter om företag. Publiceringar sker baserat på deras uppfattning om hur det allmänintresset ser ut hos läsarna. Apple är väldigt selektiva med att släppa ut information gällande företaget och runt deras produkter, detta resulterar i ett intresse från pressen att först publicera information från Apple, motiverat utifrån ett allmänintresse i samhället.
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Huang, Wen-Fang, and 黃文芳. "The relationships between net buys/sells and returns and information contents of net buys/sells for the three primary institutional investors in Taiwan futures and stock markets." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20928993070024827481.

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博士
國立高雄第一科技大學
管理研究所
98
This dissertation performs three tests: (1) to investigate the short-term and long-term relationships between institutional net buys/sells and returns in the Taiwan stock index futures market and stock markets; (2) to explore the information content of net buys/sells for the three primary institutional investors in the Taiwan stock index futures market and stock markets; and (3) to examine the returns for the strategy of individual investors taking a long(short) position on trading day following large institutional net buys(sells). The existing studies seldom focus on the impacts of institutional net buys/sells types on stock returns, and only a few papers investigate the relationships between the institutional net buys/sells and returns in the Taiwan futures market owing to the lack of source data. A dummy variables model is introduced to distinguish between individual institutional net buys/sells and simultaneous net buys/sells for all institutions in order to reflect the information homogeneous and heterogeneous between institutions. This dissertation introduces the variables to response the intensity of net buys/sells and lagged variables to explore the short (long)-term relationships between net buys/sells and returns. Finally, this study examines the impact of institutional net buys/sells on stock index futures. The results are presented as follow: (1) The impacts of large (small) simultaneous net buys/sells on contemporaneous returns are significant in the stock index futures and stock markets. (2) In the stock index market, large individual net buys of foreign institutions and large simultaneous net buys of all three primary institutions both seem to reveal bullish message, and an permanent asymmetric impact on subsequent returns exists between large net buys of foreign and domestic institutions. As for stock market, this dissertation suggests a significant relation between price down in the long term and the large simultaneous net sells of all three primary institutions, seeming to compound bearish message. As for the OTC market, this study find significant price down in long term after large individual net sells of foreign institutions and large simultaneous net sells of all three primary institutions, both seeming to reveal bearish message, and a permanent asymmetric impact on subsequent returns exists between large net sells of foreign and domestic institutions. (3) This dissertation finds evidence of significantly positive holding period returns on nearby stock index futures contracts for the strategy of taking a long position on the day after two types of large net buys: individual net buys of foreign institutions and simultaneous net buys of all three institutions. Additionally, investors have a chance to get significantly positive returns by taking short position on the day after a signal of simultaneously large net sells of all three institutions. The above results hold, no matter the returns are calculated by settlement or open prices. As for the stock exchange, investors have a chance to get significantly positive returns by taking long (short) position on the day after a signal of individually large net buys of foreign institutions (simultaneously large net sells of all three institutions). The above results hold, no matter what the returns are calculated on the basis of closing or opening prices. The performance is, however, better on the basis of closing price for the strategy of following the pace of large net buys for dealer institutions. As for the OTC market, investors have a chance to get significantly positive returns by taking short position on the day after a signal of two types of large net sells: individual net sells of foreign institutions and simultaneous net sells of all three institutions. The above results both hold, no matter what the returns are calculated on the basis of closing or opening prices. The performance is, however, better on the basis of opening prices for the strategy of following the pace of simultaneously large net buys for all three primary institutional investors.
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Tong, Chen Gin, and 陳進通. "A Study on the Influential Factors of the QFII Net Buys-Sells." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58026481582795863173.

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碩士
國立彰化師範大學
商業教育學系在職進修專班
89
Abstract This research aims to discuss whether the QFII Net Buys-Sells would be influenced by the company’s market value, the Stockholder’s Equity, accumuled profit, rewards rate ,amount of dealing and QFII’s remaining amount of stocks investment, six factors. This research studies the eletronic stocks in Taiwan Stock Market from 1997 to 1999. It applies simple regression, multiple regression, stepwise regression analysis, and two stage least sequare approach. It discusses the relation between QFII Net Buys-Sells action and the characteristic of stocks. The research discovers: Ⅰ.The QFII Net Buys-Sells action has apparent positive relation with the company’s market value. Owing to the obvious existence of Information Asymmetry between the investors and the marketing company, the QFII favors the large company with more open information. It also has obvious buying action toward single stocks with bigger market values. Ⅱ.The QFII Net Buys-Sells action has apparent positive relation with the company’s stockholder’s equity. QFII would take greater buying action to have stronger keeping will if the single stock has greater stockholder’s equity. Ⅲ.The QFII Net Buys-Sells action has apparent positive relation with the company’s accumuled profit. The single stock with greater accumuled profit would make QFII take greater buying action. Ⅳ. The QFII Net Buys-Sells action has apparent positive relation with the stock’s reward rate. The single stock’s high reward rate would cause the QFII to have obvious buying action. The single stocks low reward rate,however,would cause the QFII to have obvious selling actions. So we could prove that the QFII take pursue-raise and quit-fall positive investing policy. Ⅴ.The QFII Net Buys-Sells action has apparent positive relation with the amount of dealing. The higher the deal is, the transaction more prosperous, the higer rate of circulation, the stronger rotation, and the fund could have more flexible application. Thus, the QFII would like to hold stocks with greater amount of dealing. Ⅵ.The QFII Net Buys-Sells has apparent positive relation with the remaining amount of stock investment. The greater the remaining amount is, the higher intention it would want to buy. The smaller the amount is,the less intention. Key Words: The QFII Net Buys-Sells, Information Asymmetry, Two Stage Least Sequare approach
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Alharbi, Abdulwahab. "The Use of Net Benefit in Modeling Non-Proportional Hazards." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/24746.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
Background: The hazard ratio (HR), representing the quantified estimate of treatment effect in survival analysis, measures the instantaneous relative difference of failure risk between two groups. The HR is typically assumed to be independent of time; however, this assumption is usually violated in practice. If the proportionality assumption holds, HR can be validly with the popular Cox proportional hazards model. When not proportional, the Wilcoxon-Gehan has been proposed to test the hypothesis of no difference. These have been recently generalized to evaluate differences in survival time for more than zero survival differences (the “net survival benefit”). Method: In this thesis, an attempt is made to illustrate the properties of generalized Wilcoxon Gehan tests as proposed by Buyse (2009). We use the concept of net survival benefit to re-analyze the trial by the Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group (1982) by comparing chemotherapy versus combined chemotherapy and radiation in the treatment of locally unresectable gastric cancer. Survival times in days, for the 45 patients were recorded in each treatment arm. In that trial, a delayed treatment effect was observed, thus the HR is non-proportional. To provide a flexible assessment of the treatment effect, the net survival benefit was computed using datasets simulated under typical scenarios of proportional hazards, such as delayed treatment effect. Results: The generalized Wilcoxon statistic U, favored not adding radiation to chemotherapy, but only for survival up to 12 months. At Δ=0, U (0) = 491. In the simulated data sets, the confidence interval under the null hypothesis U (0) is (-152, 388). The test statistic 491 is outside this interval indicating radiation treatment might be beneficial. At U(12) = 219, it is inside the confidence interval of no treatment effect (-154,268) indicating the benefit of Chemo only is gone after 12 months. Conclusions: The net survival benefit measured via Buyse’s generalized Wilcoxon statistic is a measure of treatment effect that is meaningful whether or not hazards are proportional. The associated statistical test is more powerful than the standard log-rank test when a delayed treatment effect is anticipated.
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Books on the topic "Net buyers"

1

Mindell, Stephen. Lemonaid for used car buyers. [Albany, N.Y: New York State Dept. of Law, 1985.

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Alan, Davidson. Encycleopedia: The international buyers' guide to alternatives in cycling. Woodstock: Overlook Press, 1998.

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1953-, McGurn James, ed. Encycleopedia 1999: The international buyers guide to activities in cycling. Woodstock, NY: The Overlook Press, 1998.

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Jap, Sandy D. Achieving strategic advantages in buyer-supplier relationships. Cambridge, Mass: Marketing Science Institute, 1996.

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R, Rao Vithala, ed. Decision criteria for new product acceptance and success: The role of trade buyers. New York: Quorum Books, 1991.

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Michael Cooper's buyer's guide to New Zealand wines 2009. Auckland: Hodder Moa, 2008.

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Tremewan, Peter. Selling Otago: A French buyer (1840), Maori sellers (1844). Dunedin North [N.Z.]: Otago Heritage Books, 1994.

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Michael Cooper's buyer's guide to New Zealand wines, 2003. Auckland: Hodder Moa Beckett, 2002.

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Michael, Cooper. Michael Cooper's buyer's guide to New Zealand wines, 2004. Auckland: Hodder Moa Beckett, 2003.

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Konings, Maria. Buyer beware: How to avoid cowboys, dodgy deals and shonky guarantees. Wellington, N.Z: Lexisnexis Butterworths, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Net buyers"

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Neza, Keren, Yaw Nyarko, and Angela Orozco. "Digital Trading and Market Platforms: Ghana Case Study." In Introduction to Development Engineering, 221–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86065-3_9.

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AbstractSmallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa produce much of the food consumed across the continent, yet with expected population growth, they will need to double production by 2050. Smallholders could significantly intensify production with the adoption of modern agricultural technologies, but many farmers are unable to find buyers willing to purchase their outputs at profitable prices. Meanwhile, buyers and traders have demand for agricultural goods but face high costs in finding farmers who can consistently supply goods with certified quality. Similarly, there is a lack of investment in food processing infrastructure because processors cannot reliably obtain produce as inputs to operations. These market failures typically manifest in the form of two development challenges: (1) there is a misalignment in the supply of and demand for the agricultural goods produced by smallholder farmers, and (2) smallholder farmers are often at a price disadvantage when it comes to knowledge of prices of their commodities. This case study measures the effect of introducing digital trading and market platforms (including price alerts, mobile phone-based trading platforms, and commodity exchanges) in Ghana, through a series of randomized control trials and quasi-experimental studies. Technologies like mobile price alerts (from Esoko) and a mobile phone-based trading platform (Kudu) are found to increase yam prices by 5%, with benefits for smallholder farmers. This increase declines over time, but there are net benefits for farmers as a result of “bargaining spillover.” The potential impacts of a new commodity exchange in Ghana are also discussed, exploring how this technology can influence the decisions of smallholder farmers, incentivizing them to produce higher-quality products.
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Hawkridge, David. "Buyers and Users." In New Information Technology in Education, 59–68. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003312826-7.

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Wiedenfels, Gunnar. "Introduction." In Trust of Potential Buyers in New Entrepreneurial Ventures, 1–13. Wiesbaden: Gabler, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-9495-0_1.

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Wiedenfels, Gunnar. "Conceptual basics." In Trust of Potential Buyers in New Entrepreneurial Ventures, 15–49. Wiesbaden: Gabler, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-9495-0_2.

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Wiedenfels, Gunnar. "Theoretical framework." In Trust of Potential Buyers in New Entrepreneurial Ventures, 51–70. Wiesbaden: Gabler, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-9495-0_3.

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Wiedenfels, Gunnar. "Hypotheses and research model." In Trust of Potential Buyers in New Entrepreneurial Ventures, 71–93. Wiesbaden: Gabler, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-9495-0_4.

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Wiedenfels, Gunnar. "Preparation of the empirical analysis." In Trust of Potential Buyers in New Entrepreneurial Ventures, 95–144. Wiesbaden: Gabler, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-9495-0_5.

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Wiedenfels, Gunnar. "Survey design and data sample." In Trust of Potential Buyers in New Entrepreneurial Ventures, 145–79. Wiesbaden: Gabler, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-9495-0_6.

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Wiedenfels, Gunnar. "Empirical analysis." In Trust of Potential Buyers in New Entrepreneurial Ventures, 181–205. Wiesbaden: Gabler, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-9495-0_7.

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Wiedenfels, Gunnar. "Discussion and conclusion." In Trust of Potential Buyers in New Entrepreneurial Ventures, 207–30. Wiesbaden: Gabler, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-9495-0_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Net buyers"

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Balcan, Maria-Florina, Siddharth Prasad, and Tuomas Sandholm. "Efficient Algorithms for Learning Revenue-Maximizing Two-Part Tariffs." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/47.

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A two-part tariff is a pricing scheme that consists of an up-front lump sum fee and a per unit fee. Various products in the real world are sold via a menu, or list, of two-part tariffs---for example gym memberships, cell phone data plans, etc. We study learning high-revenue menus of two-part tariffs from buyer valuation data, in the setting where the mechanism designer has access to samples from the distribution over buyers' values rather than an explicit description thereof. Our algorithms have clear direct uses, and provide the missing piece for the recent generalization theory of two-part tariffs. We present a polynomial time algorithm for optimizing one two-part tariff. We also present an algorithm for optimizing a length-L menu of two-part tariffs with run time exponential in L but polynomial in all other problem parameters. We then generalize the problem to multiple markets. We prove how many samples suffice to guarantee that a two-part tariff scheme that is feasible on the samples is also feasible on a new problem instance with high probability. We then show that computing revenue-maximizing feasible prices is hard even for buyers with additive valuations. Then, for buyers with identical valuation distributions, we present a condition that is sufficient for the two-part tariff scheme from the unsegmented setting to be optimal for the market-segmented setting. Finally, we prove a generalization result that states how many samples suffice so that we can compute the unsegmented solution on the samples and still be guaranteed that we get a near-optimal solution for the market-segmented setting with high probability.
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Chan, Inwai, Hanyuan Li, Zhengqing Peng, Bojuan Ren, Ruikang Wang, Yushan Wen, Xiaojian Wu, et al. "Punch it baby! Exploring gestural interactions to reduce the emotion of anger for new car buyers." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001797.

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This study focuses on how new buyers experience the angry emotions while driving, which could be a dangerous situation leading to car accidents. The research team develops an interactive physical prototype suitable for the new buyers to deal with anger while driving. The direct interactions between the driver and the car's glazing include detecting decibels, absorbing punching pressure, and recognizing facial expressions. With the help of special glazing, new buyers can pay attention to driving safety and release the emotion and calm down better. Further investigations are needed to optimize the design of interactions.
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Finidori, Jean-Christophe JC. "How to Digitalize Green LNG and Value Carbon-Neutral LNG Cargos with Blockchain Technology and Digital Assets." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211792-ms.

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Abstract In this paper we present our Blockchain-based solution to digitalize green LNG (liquefied natural gas); how with our digital asset, we create the differentiated-product carbon-neutrality LNG, leveraging innovation carbon-neutral business models in the natural gas eco-system. We design digital twins to represent a certain volume of non-fungible gas. We track the digital twin of a molecule, tagged with metadata. The purpose of our technical development is to create a "digital asset" (DA); a virtual representation of a volume of LNG associated with a specific LNG cargo, reflecting specific green attributes. The DA can be split into phases, corresponding to LNG supply chain steps, to represent a specific volume of GHG emitted. Our model incorporates the possibility for LNG stakeholders to offset and compensate GHG emitted they are directly/indirectly responsible for and/or accountable for. Additionally, LNG Stakeholders can interact on a specific volume (parceled), differentiating the same molecules of gas (fungible) with specific green attributes (non-fungible). We developed innovative digital assets’ features: – Fractionable (dividable digital asset, for a specific volume of LNG); – Transferable (change of ownership, for traceability along all value chain); – Transactional & Valuable (a Premium offers with evidence of low emission); and, Stackable (rewards mechanisms). This permits to provide a life-time value oriented service in a dynamic multi-actors model, to incentivize sustainable LNG with a premium, and value non-tangible assets. Lastly, we programmed a redistribution mechanism, governed by smart contracts, to transfer collected fees (value pool) to local communities, triggering positive impacts; contributing to UN SDGs achievement. Our Blockchain solution aims to establish a single origin of truth to provide LNG buyers and sellers with a decentralized interoperable view of carbon-neutral LNG cargoes; offering new capabilities to tackle issues LNG players are dealing with: clear delineation, silos approach (vs. collaborative), authoritative single source of information, data transparency, identified legitimate users, added-value generation; premium (attached / detached) in case of re-export, co-purchasing, borrowing & lending; and attribution of benefits of auditable emission intensities, including to big industrial gas consumers. LNG players can help entities meet their net-zero commitments by sourcing green LNG; supporting companies for their green/carbon neutral initiatives throughout the whole supply chain.
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Chun Liu, Yu, and Chiung Fen Wang. "E-commerce product image design - An example of Shopee." In 8th International Conference on Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002708.

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Global e-commerce emergence renovates retail marketing regional limitation. It accelerated competition turning white-hot. Epidemic enhance e-commerce output value substantially. Strong developments of related needs such as sales courses and store visual design reveals. Regardless of the size of the brand, they have invested resources in the field of e-commerce. Now it’s a main generation of e-shopping. Shopee from Singapore settles into Taiwan market and occupies an important place. E-commerce develops rapidly and fiercely adapting the market. In the competition, Product price, visual design, quality and service are all important determining factors of brand loyalty from buyers. In the area of visual communication design, designer assemble and arrange texts and pictures according brand style from store owner requirement and then promote to different selling platform. Visual design refers to the design of the correct information to communicate with aesthetics. E-commerce product pages as a medium present product to consumers. It’s very important how to stand out from many similar product pages to attract more buyers. The era of e-commerce, the demand of aesthetics raises continuously. Designers take the contradicting responsibility between commercial functionality and aesthetics.Online shopping has become a trend. Consumers of all ages in Taiwan have experience shopping online. This article mainly discusses the product image design of Shopee shopping. The research subjects are consumers who have used online shopping through questionnaire. The research analyzed the newly designed product images with statistical data and observed whether to increase buyers' attention and arouse positive emotions. Since this study, there are 60 snowball-type collection recipients, of which 66.7% are female and 33.3% are male. It’s probably 18-20 years old, including 65% college students, 30% high school students. There are 91.7% of the subjects have used Shopee online shopping platform, and the rest are Pchome and Momo. The frequency of online shopping is about 1-3 times a month. The questionnaire processed as follows. First show buyers the store page that has been placed in the new design of this study. There are 10 products of the same brand on this page. The stimuli design strategy for this study is as follows. Because the product is skII, there is a lot of red on the image. Therefore, the design uses the complementary color green as the background color attempting to attract the attention of consumers. Green has the image of nature and youth.SK-ll lotion extracts are definitely natural products. It expresses pure and natural ingredients by green. It hopes users could keep youth and beauty forever.Research results shown, 27 out of 60 subjects were immediately attracted by the new design. Following are the results found in this study. Because the background color occupies most of the area of the image, the "outstanding background color" is chose as the design strategy, such as different as present products, contrast color or complementary colors. It can catch the buyer's attention at the first time.
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Stepanova, E. N. "THE CURRENT STATE OF THE PACKAGING INDUSTRY AS A FACTOR OF OPTIMIZATION OF SOME LOGISTIC PROCESSES." In New forms of production and entrepreneurship in the coordinates of neo-industrial development of the economy. PD of KSUEL, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38161/978-5-7823-0731-8-2020-205-210.

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Modern packaging is one of the key keys to the successful sale of products. The criteria of reliability, safety and aesthetic attractiveness help to promote the product and increase its popularity in the eyes of potential buyers. The printing market offers a wide range of materials - from cardboard and glass to polypropylene and natural fabrics, which allow the most careful to bring the product to the consumer and as effectively as possible to present it on the shelves store or exhibition centre.
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Ni, Peifang. "Augmented Efficient Zero-Knowledge Contingent Payments in Cryptocurrencies without Scripts." In 8th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Fuzzy Logic System (AIFZ 2022). Academy and Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2022.121605.

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Zero-Knowledge Contingent Payment presents how Bitcoin contracts can provide a solution for the so-called fair exchange problem.Banasik, W. et al. first presented an efficient ZeroKnowledge Contingent Payment protocol for a large class of NP-relations, which is a protocol for selling witness. It obtains fairness in the following sense: if the seller aborts the protocol without broadcasting the final message then the buyer finally gets his payment back. However, we find that the seller in the protocol could refuse to broadcast the final signature of the transaction without any compensation for the buyer. As a result, the buyer cannot get the witness from the final signature of the transaction and has the payment for the witness locked until finishing the large computation for a secret signing key. In this paper, we fix this problem by augmenting the efficient Zero-Knowledge Contingent Payment protocol. We present a new protocol where the seller needs to provide the deposit before the zero-knowledge proof of knowledge of the witness being sold. And then the buyer could obtain the seller's witness if the seller broadcasts the final signature of the transaction and gets the payment and his deposit. Otherwise, the buyer could get back the payment and obtain the seller's deposit. This new augmented protocol is constructed without any new assumptions.
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Okamoto, Shotaro, Hiroki Takahashi, Koji Kimita, and Nariaki Nishino. "Effects of Incentivized Fake Reviews on E-commerce Markets." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002534.

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This study analyzes difficulties posed by dealers operating in e-commerce who intervene in reviews and undermine credibility by offering money to purchasers who post highly positive reviews of their products: the incentivized fake review problem. Moreover, we study its effects on e-commerce markets. Offering biased incentives to receive more favorable reviews undermines the review mechanism validity. In e-commerce market transactions, reviews by buyers more strongly affect sales of products than in other markets. Because a loss of trust in reviews reduces the transaction volume, this incentivized fake review problem might reduce the profits of e-commerce operators and of dealers. No report of the relevant literature has described a theoretical test of these problem-related hypotheses, this study explores the subject. First, we developed a model in which buyers obtain information about sellers' products through user-generated reviews. Sellers can distort the reviews indirectly by providing incentives for highly rated reviews. Next, based on this model, we derived a Nash equilibrium incentive amount by taking a game theoretical approach to the situation of reading about incentive amounts offered by the seller. Finally, we analyzed transaction situations and the seller's gain in the equilibrium. The results revealed many points to be consistent with findings from earlier studies and with actual conditions prevailing in e-commerce markets. However, this research is limited to the proposal and analysis of a theoretical model. Therefore, future studies must be undertaken using economic experiments to verify the consistency of a model using actual transaction data and to verify the attitudes of buyers when purchasing.
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Wickramarathne, Nadun, Udith Siriwardana, Adithya Karunarathna, Pathmanathan Jeremiah, Samantha Thelijjazoda, and Jenny Krishara. "Sell-Net: Mobile Based Solution to Strengthen the Seller-Buyer Relationship of Small-Scale Businesses in Sri Lanka." In 2022 International Conference for Advancement in Technology (ICONAT). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iconat53423.2022.9726115.

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Maklakova, Elena, N. Usenko, and Czyczin' Se. "MOBILE COMMERCE AND MOBILE PAYMENTS." In Manager of the Year. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/my2021_151-156.

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The article is devoted to m-commerce and mobile payments as new and actively developing types of economic activity. Mobile commerce is inherently international. The volume of trade through various Internet services is growing rapidly every year. This process is widespread among companies in economically developed countries. Mobile trading allows you to ensure high efficiency of the enterprise; it benefits both sellers and buyers around the world
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Yu, Jonas C. P., M. L. Tsai, Y. C. Liour, and N. I. Cheng. "An Efficient Supplier-Buyer Partnership for Hi-Tech Industry." In 2009 International Conference on New Trends in Information and Service Science (NISS). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/niss.2009.264.

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Reports on the topic "Net buyers"

1

Symmetrics Marketing Corporation. New Home Buyer Solar Water Heater Trade-Off Study. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/12199.

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Hawkins, Timothy G. Opportunism in Buyer-Supplier Relations: New Insights From Quantitative Synthesis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada445429.

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Craig, Stuart, Matthew Grennan, and Ashley Swanson. Mergers and Marginal Costs: New Evidence on Hospital Buyer Power. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w24926.

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Zilberman, David, Amir Heiman, and B. McWilliams. Economics of Marketing and Diffusion of Agricultural Inputs. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586469.bard.

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Specific Research Objective. Develop a theory of technology adoption to analyze the role of promotional tools such as advertising, product sampling, demonstrations, money back guarantees and warranties in inducing technological change. Use this theory to develop criteria for assessing the optimal use of marketing activities in launching new agricultural input technologies. Apply the model to analyze existing patterns of marketing budget allocation among promotional tools for various agricultural input industries in the United States and Israel. Background to the Topic. Marketing tools (money-back guarantees [MBG] demonstration, free sampling and advertising) are used extensively to induce the adoption of agricultural inputs, but there is little understanding of their impacts on the diffusion of new technologies. The agricultural economic literature on technology adoption ignores marketing efforts by the private sector, which may result in misleading extension and technology transfer policies. There is a need to integrate marketing and economic approaches in analyzing technology adoption, especially in the area of agricultural inputs. Major Conclusion. Marketing tools play an important role in reducing uncertainties about product performance. They assist potential buyers to learn both about objective features, about a product, and about product fit to the buyer's need. Tools, such as MBGs and demonstration, provide different information about product fit but also require different degrees of cost for the consumer. In some situations they can be complimentary and optimal strategy combines the use of both. In other situations there will be substitution. Sampling is used to reduce the uncertainty about non-durable goods. An optimal level of informational tools declines throughout the life of a product but stays positive at a steady state. Implications. Recognizing the heterogeneity of consumers and the sources of their uncertainty about new technologies is crucial to develop a marketing strategy that will enhance the adoption of innovation. When fit uncertainty is high, allowing an MBG option, as well as a demonstration, may be an optimal strategy to enhance adoption.
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Barrera, Victor, Alexis Villacis, Jeffrey Alwang, and Luis Escudero. Open configuration options New Products, New Markets: Dragon Fruit in Ecuador. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003964.

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Expanding incomes in Asian countries and changes in fresh-fruit value chains have created an important niche for producers of dragon fruit. Ecuadorean producers have responded and taken advantage of these evolving opportunities and market dynamism. By customizing their products to the specific demands of target markets and complying with the standards imposed by modern buyers, Ecuadorian exporters of dragon fruit demonstrate how challenges related to and opportunities in agri-food markets evolution can be met. This study documents the development of the dragon fruit market in Ecuador, with a special emphasis on the analysis of its value chain. The study additionally identifies and analyzes the main drivers of the success of the production and exports of the fruit and examines the main challenges and needs for improved public policies to promote sustainable growth of the sector. Findings are complemented with interviews conducted with the principal actors in the Ecuadorian dragon fruit industry, as well as a case study that involves several relatively recently formed dragon fruit-producing companies in the Amazon region of the country.
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Baechler, M. C., Z. T. Taylor, R. Bartlett, T. Gilbride, M. Hefty, H. Steward, P. M. Love, and J. A. Palmer. Building America Best Practices Series: Volume 5; Builders and Buyers Handbook for Improving New Home Efficiency, Comfort, and Durability in the Marine Climate. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/894444.

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Baechler, M. C., Z. T. Taylor, R. Bartlett, T. Gilbride, M. Hefty, H. Steward, P. M. Love, and J. A. Palmer. Building America Best Practices Series: Volume 4; Builders and Buyers Handbook for Improving New Home Efficiency, Comfort, and Durability in the Mixed-Humid Climate. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15020459.

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Baechler, M. C., and P. M. Love. Building America Best Practices Series: Volume 1; Builders and Buyers Handbook for Improving New Home Efficiency, Comfort, and Durability in the Hot and Humid Climate. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15011705.

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Baechler, M. C., Z. T. Taylor, R. Bartlett, T. Gilbride, M. Hefty, and P. M. Love. Building America Best Practices Series: Volume 2. Builders and Buyers Handbook for Improving New Home Efficiency, Comfort, and Durability in the Hot-Dry and Mixed-Dry Climates. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15016298.

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Baechler, M. C., Z. T. Taylor, R. Bartlett, T. Gilbride, M. Hefty, and P. M. Love. Building America Best Practices Series: Volume 2. Builders and Buyers Handbook for Improving New Home Efficiency, Comfort, and Durability in the Hot-Dry and Mixed-Dry Climates. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15020461.

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