Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Nesting'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Nesting.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Nesting.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Cherri, Luiz Henrique. "Nesting problems." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-16112016-150256/.
Full textAbstract:
The two-dimensional irregular cutting and packing problems (aka nesting problems) have been studied over the past six decades and consist in cutting (packing) convex and non-convex small pieces from (in) large boards without overlapping. There are several variants of this problem that are defined according to the board shapes and the objective of each problem. There are a number of heuristics proposed in the literature to solve irregular cutting and packing problems, but only few mixed-integer programming models. Specifically, these models were developed for the irregular strip packing problem, that consists in packing pieces into a single board with fixed width and length to be minimized. For the other problem variants, there is no exact methods presented in the literature. The main difficulty in solving irregular cutting and packing problems is how to handle with the geometric constraints. These constraints depend on the type of placement of the pieces on the board that can be continuous or discrete. In this thesis, we present two mixed-integer programming models for the irregular strip packing problem in which the pieces can be continuously placed on the board. These models do not demand complex structures to be built. We also present a new dot data structure to store the information on the placement of the pieces and overlapping positions bringing flexibility and efficiency to discrete approaches. Using this structure, a matheuristic is proposed, combining the advantages of the models with discrete and continuous placement positions for the pieces on the board. Furthermore, constraint programming models for several variants of irregular cutting and packing problems are exploited. For some variants, these models are the first modelling representation. A new global constraint is developed to eliminate the overlap among pieces. Computational experiments were conducted to evaluate the developed approaches.Os problemas de corte e empacotamento de peças irregulares bidimensionais vêm sendo estudados há décadas e consistem em cortar (empacotar) peças menores, convexas e não convexas, a partir de (em) placas maiores de forma a não se sobreporem. Existem diversas variantes deste problema, definidas de acordo com o formato da placa e objetivo de cada problema. Na literatura, muitas heurísticas foram propostas para a resolução dos problemas de corte e empacotamento de peças irregulares, porém, poucos modelos de programação inteira mista podem ser encontrados. Especificamente, estes modelos foram desenvolvidos para o problema de empacotamento em faixa, que consiste em empacotar as peças em uma placa de largura fixa e comprimento a ser minimizado. Para as demais variantes do problema, não existem métodos exatos propostos na literatura. A principal dificuldade na resolução dos problemas de corte e empacotamento de peças irregulares está na manipulação das restrições geométricas. Estas restrições dependem do tipo de posicionamento das peças na placa, que pode ser discreto ou contínuo. Nesta tese, apresentamos dois modelos de programação inteira mista para o problema de empacotamento de peças em faixa, no qual cada peça pode ser alocada de forma contínua na placa. Estes modelos não demandam estruturas complexas para serem construídos. Também apresentamos uma nova estrutura de dados para armazenar informações sobre o posicionamento das peças e as posições de sobreposição, trazendo flexibilidade e eficiência para abordagens discretas. Utilizando esta estrutura, uma matheuristica foi proposta, combinando as vantagens dos modelos com alocação discreta e contínua das peças na placa. Além disso, modelos de programação por restrições para diversas variantes dos problemas de corte e empacotamento de peças irregulares foram explorados. Para algumas variantes, estes modelos são a primeira representação via modelagem. Uma nova restrição global foi desenvolvida para eliminar a sobreposição entre as peças. Experimentos computacionais foram realizados para avaliar as abordagens propostas.
2
Cherri, Luiz Henrique. "Nesting Problems." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/84291.
Full textAbstract:
The two-dimensional irregular cutting and packing problems (aka nesting problems) have been studied over the past six decades and consist in cutting (packing) convex and non-convex small pieces from (in) large boards without overlapping. There are several variants of this problem that are defined according to the board shapes and the objective of each problem. There are a number of heuristics proposed in the literature to solve irregular cutting and packing problems, but only few mixed-integer programming models. Specifically, these models were developed for the irregular strip packing problem, that consists in packing pieces into a single board with fixed width and length to be minimized. For the other problem variants, there is no exact methods presented in the literature. The main difficulty in solving irregular cutting and packing problems is how to handle with the geometric constraints. These constraints depend on the type of placement of the pieces on the board that can be continuous or discrete. In this thesis, we present two mixed-integer programming models for the irregular strip packing problem in which the pieces can be continuously placed on the board. These models do not demand complex structures to be built. We also present a new dot data structure to store the information on the placement of the pieces and overlapping positions bringing flexibility and efficiency to discrete approaches. Using this structure, a matheuristic is proposed, combining the advantages of the models with discrete and continuous placement positions for the pieces on the board. Furthermore, constraint programming models for several variants of irregular cutting and packing problems are exploited. For some variants, these models are the first modelling representation. A new global constraint is developed to eliminate the overlap among pieces. Computational experiments were conducted to evaluate the developed approaches.Os problemas de corte e empacotamento de peças irregulares bidimensionais vêm sendo estudados há décadas e consistem em cortar (empacotar) peças menores, convexas e não convexas, a partir de (em) placas maiores de forma a não se sobreporem. Existem diversas variantes deste problema, definidas de acordo com o formato da placa e objetivo de cada problema. Na literatura, muitas heurísticas foram propostas para a resolução dos problemas de corte e empacotamento de peças irregulares, porém, poucos modelos de programação inteira mista podem ser encontrados. Especificamente, estes modelos foram desenvolvidos para o problema de empacotamento em faixa, que consiste em empacotar as peças em uma placa de largura fixa e comprimento a ser minimizado. Para as demais variantes do problema, não existem métodos exatos propostos na literatura. A principal dificuldade na resolução dos problemas de corte e empacotamento de peças irregulares está na manipulação das restrições geométricas. Estas restrições dependem do tipo de posicionamento das peças na placa, que pode ser discreto ou contínuo. Nesta tese, apresentamos dois modelos de programação inteira mista para o problema de empacotamento de peças em faixa, no qual cada peça pode ser alocada de forma contínua na placa. Estes modelos não demandam estruturas complexas para serem construídos. Também apresentamos uma nova estrutura de dados para armazenar informações sobre o posicionamento das peças e as posições de sobreposição, trazendo flexibilidade e eficiência para abordagens discretas. Utilizando esta estrutura, uma matheuristica foi proposta, combinando as vantagens dos modelos com alocação discreta e contínua das peças na placa. Além disso, modelos de programação por restrições para diversas variantes dos problemas de corte e empacotamento de peças irregulares foram explorados. Para algumas variantes, estes modelos são a primeira representação via modelagem. Uma nova restrição global foi desenvolvida para eliminar a sobreposição entre as peças. Experimentos computacionais foram realizados para avaliar as abordagens propostas.
3
Chen, Angel Chia Ling. "Nesting complex systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111700.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: S.M. in Art, Culture and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 64).
This thesis discusses an artistic method of engaging with complex systems. The engagements take the form of inserting a certain something (an object, a task, a conversational prompt, myself) into a complex system with well-defined and elaborate technical processes serving specific and declared goals. The insertion is not meant to interrupt, disrupt, or destroy the system. The inserted thing is foreign to the system and is often understood as unproductive or absurd by it. However, the system can digest and process the thing successfully and spit it out the same way it does with what the system is meant to and does take in every day. This insertion is an act of nesting in the biological sense-making a nest from concocting foreign materials with existing materials-where the thing inserted becomes an anchor or an entry point from which a particular network of existing knowledge and relations are drawn out and revealed. Then, rigorous observations about what is revealed are made; materials produced by these encounters (between the things inserted and the systems) are collected. This gesture of insertion is an attempt at understanding a complex system without abstraction, reduction, or simplification. It is not possible to "see the whole picture" of these complex systems. However, one could, nonetheless, engage with it and allow a part (perhaps arbitrary to the system) to speak to the whole. The projects presented in this thesis engage with the complex systems of nanoscale fabrication, campus building construction, synthetic biology, and imaging technologies in the sciences. These seemingly disparate fields are united by an investigation of how emerging science and technology challenge an understanding of what a person is and how a person understands, as well as an interest in the very costly infrastructure that supports the new developments.
by Angel Chia Ling Chen.
S.M. in Art, Culture and Technology
4
Nevronytė, Žaneta. "Development and nesting behaviour of trap-nesting wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae)." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20091228_152441-19061.
Full textAbstract:
Since Hymenoptera Aculeate are known to be bioindicators, which are sensitive to environment change, fragmentation of habitats and antropogenous impact, these insects may have an importance in environment conservation. The purpose of our study was to establish impact of nesting cavity parameters and prey abundance on the nesting behaviour of solitary xylicolous wasps. We studied nest structure and the influence of nesting cavity width and length on progeny size and sex ratio in 13 wasp species. The development of the most common synanthropic xylicolous wasp in Lithuania, Symmorphus allobrogus, has been investigated: the assimilation of prey and weight loss during development from larva to adult in both sexes have been compared. Results of a laboratory experiment using S. allobrogus as a model species demonstrated that the amount of prey available in the environment affects the number of cells in the nest of solitary wasp. The list of solitary Hymenoptera inhabiting trap-nests in Lithuania are presented.Geluoninių plėviasparnių, apsigyvenančių lizdavietėse-gaudyklėse bendrijos, yra potencialūs ekologinių pokyčių ir buveinių kokybės bioindikatoriai sausumos ekosistemose, todėl vis dažniau naudojamos įvairiuose tyrimuose. Darbo tikslas buvo įvertinti lizdavietės rodiklių ir grobio, reikalingo palikuonims aprūpinti, gausumo įtaką lizdavietėse-gaudyklėse apsigyvenančių klosčiavapsvių rūpinimosi palikuonimis elgsenai. Tyrimų metu buvo ištirta lizdavietės skersmens ir gylio įtaka 13-kos lizdavietėse-gaudyklėse apsigyvenančių vapsvų rūšių lizdo struktūrai, palikuonių aprūpinimo maistu elgsenai ir lyčių santykiui; kai kurioms rūšims nustatyti optimalūs lizdavietės rodikliai. Taip pat buvo ištirtas, dažniausiai lizdavietėse-gaudyklėse pasitaikiusios rūšies, Symmorphus allobrogus vystymasis nuo kiaušinio iki suaugėlio; palyginti skirtingų lyčių individų augimo greičiai ir svorio pokyčiai vystymosi metu. Atliktas laboratorinis eksperimentas, kurio rezultatai parodė, kad akelių skaičius lizde būna didesnis, jeigu aplinkoje yra didesnis maisto, reikalingo palikuonims aprūpinti, kiekis. Taip pat įvertinta patelės amžiaus įtaka rūpinimosi palikuonimis elgsenai. Darbe taip pat pateikiamas sinantropinių, Lietuvoje lizdavietėse-gaudyklėse apsigyvenančių plėviasparnių rūšių sąrašas.
5
Honarvar, Shaya Spotila James R. "Nesting ecology of Olive Ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) turtles on Arribada nesting beaches /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/2824.
Full text
6
Aguilar, Pulido Roberto E. (Roberto Eric). "Nesting Ecology and Reproductive Correlates in the Desert-nesting Gray Gull Larus Modestus." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279284/.
Full textAbstract:
General objectives of my study were to describe the reproductive ecology of gray gulls in the large Lealtad colony, with emphasis on demographic parameters and physiological adaptations of eggs and chicks, which would complete some original objectives established in the early 1980's by Guerra and Fitzpatrick. Specifically, my study focused on describing, then comparing with other desert and non-desert nesting larids, interactive effects of ambient physical conditions and nest-site predation on eggs and chicks.
7
Semones, John David. "Consequences of nesting date on nesting success and juvenile survival in white ibis." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0000784.
Full text
8
Cockle, Kristina. "Nesting ecology and community structure of cavity-nesting birds in the Neotropical Atlantic forest." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27087.
Full textAbstract:
Tree cavities are proposed to limit populations and structure communities of cavity-nesting birds, making these birds particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic activities that destroy potential nest trees. The greatest diversity of cavity-nesting birds is found in tropical rainforests, yet little is known about the ecology or conservation of these birds. I studied how the production, consumption and loss of tree cavities structure a cavity-nesting community in one of the five most important global biodiversity hotspots, the subtropical Atlantic forest of Argentina.
I found that the cavity-nesting community in the Atlantic forest is structured primarily around the production and persistence of high, deep, non-excavated cavities in large live trees. I show the first experimental evidence that the supply of tree cavities limits the breeding density of secondary cavity-nesting birds (species that do not excavate their own cavity) in a tropical forest. Conventional tropical logging strongly reduced cavity availability: logged forest had half the basal area of primary forest, but only one third the density of large trees, nine times fewer cavities suitable for nesting birds, and 17 times fewer active nests. My results suggest a severe impact of tropical logging on the abundance of cavity-nesting birds, and a need for management strategies that conserve large live cavity-bearing trees. In contrast to North America where vertebrate excavators create most of the nest cavities for secondary cavity nesters, but similar to sites outside of North America, 80% of nests of secondary cavity nesters in the Atlantic forest were in cavities created by natural decay processes. These non-excavated cavities were often in live stems or branches. The predominance of excavated cavities in North America and non-excavated cavities elsewhere can be explained partly by high rates of persistence of excavated cavities at a site in North America and low rates of persistence of excavated cavities at a site in Europe and my site in Argentina. To conserve cavity-nesting birds of the Atlantic forest, I recommend a combination of policies, economic assistance, environmental education, and technical support for forest managers and small-scale farmers, to maintain large healthy and unhealthy trees in commercial logging operations and on farms.
9
Timmerman, Mattijs. "Optimization methods for nesting problems." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avd för automation och datateknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-5470.
Full textAbstract:
Nesting problems have been present for as long as mankind exists. Present days these problems occur in many different industries, e.g. textile, paper, wood, metal and glass industry. These industries produce massive amounts of products to answer the global demand. To minimize the material waste making these products, a good cutting and packing layout is beneficial. The last three decades, researchers have focused on developing methods to solve these problems through computing, instead of solving them manually. Many possible solutions have been found, each method focusing on the specifications of the problem. This thesis had two sub-objectives. The first one was to find the best method for nesting optimization, by doing an intensive literature study. The second sub-objective was to work with a previous made program that is capable of doing optimization tests, containing a nesting optimization method, and try to improve this method to get better results, using the literature study. At a certain point in this project, based on the progress of the literature study and knowledge acquired on the in-house developed program, a decision had to be made either to continue with the previous developed method or to try a new method. A lot of ideas from the literature where used and implemented to improve the method leading to improving results. Hence, the choice was made to continue working with the previous developed method. A new placement strategy was introduced in the program. Additional program code to improve stencil evaluation was added. A proper user interface was created. At the end of this project, a nesting optimization method was obtained, capable of producing a feasible solution when solving a nesting problem, within a reasonable amount of time.
10
DIAS, ALTAMIR. "NESTING OF GENERAL PLANE FIGURES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 1991. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=19764@1.
Full textAbstract:
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORO uso cada vez mais corrente de métodos heurístico tem permitido contribuir para a automação e otimização de inúmeros processos industriais complexos. Um dos processos que vem sendo beneficiado é o corte de roupas na indústria do vestuário, onde o encaixe de moldes deve ser feito de forma a minimizar o desperdício de tecido. Este trabalho visa a dar uma contribuição ao problema geral de encaixe de figuras planas irregulares. Assim, busca-se resolver este problema através do uso de regras heurísticas implementadas num algoritmo computacional. Como ponto principal, o apresenta uma sistemática de construção de alternativas de encaixe, em forma de uma árvore, facilitando a busca de um encaixe solução, de alto rendimento, entre as praticamente infinitas possibilidades. A viabilização do algoritmo de encaixe é alcançada através de duas técnicas de posicionamento dos moldes que previnem sua superposição. As vantagens das duas técnicas são combinadas para melhor proveito do algoritmo. Nas conclusões são discutidas as dificuldades encontradas e formulados novos caminhos para a investigação.
The increasing use of heuristical methods has advanced the frontier of application of optimization and automatization techniques in complex industrial processes. One emerging utilization for these methods in the pattern nesting process in the garment industry. The aim is to nest the pattern in such a way as to minimize the waste of fabric. The present work aims to contribute to the optimal nesting of general planes figures. The methods which will be discussed, employ heustical rules implemented thorough computacional algorithms. The focal point of the work is a methodology of obtaining a sequence of partial and complete nesting from which the best one can be selected. The computacional algorithm embodies two distinct methods for the placement of the figures on the nesting plane avoiding superposition. Both methods are used in such way that the resulting algorithm profits from their advantages. Present diffuclties and future trends are outlined in the conclusions.
11
O'Connor, Stephanie A. "The nesting ecology of bumblebees." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/20348.
Full textAbstract:
Bumblebees have undergone dramatic declines both in Britain and further afield during the last century. Bumblebees provide a crucial pollination service to both crops and wild flowers. For these reasons, they have received a great deal of research attention over the years. However, the ecology of wild bumblebee nests and the interactions between nests and other species, particularly vertebrates has been somewhat understudied. This is largely due to the difficulty in finding sufficient nests for well replicated study and a lack of appropriate methods of observation. Here, methods for locating bumblebee nests were trialled. It was found that a specially trained bumblebee nest detection dog did not discover nests any faster than people who had received minimal instruction. Numbers of nest site searching queens provide a reliable indication of suitable nesting habitat (i.e. places where nests are more likely to be found). In order to investigate aspects of bumblebee nesting ecology wild nests were observed by filming or regular observations by either researchers or members of the public. Some buff-tailed bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) nests were collected and all the bumblebees were genotyped to identify any foreign individuals. A review of British mammalian dietary literature was conducted to identify those that predate bumblebees. Great tits (Parus major) were filmed predating bumblebees at nests and it was clear from the literature and observations that badger (Meles meles), pine martens (Martes martes) and hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) predate bumblebee nests, as well as the wax moth (Aphomia sociella). No evidence for predation by any other vertebrate species was found. Behaviours recorded included parasitism by Psithyrus, apparent nectar theft and possible usurpation by true bumblebees, egg-dumping by foreign queens and drifting and drifter reproduction by foreign workers. These events may cause harm to colonies (for example, through horizontal transmission of pathogens, or exploitation of the host nest’s resources). Alternatively where for example, usurpation by true bumblebees, egg-dumping or drifting is successful, these alternative reproductive strategies may increase the effective population size by enabling a single nest to produce reproductives of more than one breeding female. These data found that wild buff-tailed bumblebees (B. terrestris) nests with a greater proportion of workers infected with Crithidia bombi were less likely to produce gynes than those with fewer infected workers. Gyne production also varied dramatically between years. There is a growing body of evidence that a class of frequently used insecticides called neonicotinoids are negatively impacting bumblebees. An experiment was conducted using commercial colonies of buff-tailed bumblebees (B. terrestris) which were fed pollen and nectar which had been treated with the neonicotinoid imidacloprid at field realistic, sub-lethal levels. Treated colonies, produced 85-90% fewer gynes than control colonies. If this trend is representative of natural nests feeding on treated crops, for example, oilseed rape and field beans or garden flowers, then this would be expected to cause dramatic population declines. In this thesis methods for locating bumblebee nests have been tested, new behaviours have been identified (for example, egg-dumping by queens and predation by great tits) and estimations for rates of fecundity and destruction by various factors have been provided. Doubt has been cast over the status of some mammals as predators of bumblebee nests and estimates for gyne production, nest longevity, etc, have been given. More work is needed, especially observations of incipient nests as this is when the greatest losses are thought to occur.
12
Wilson, Elisabeth Susan. "Nesting Cavity Temperature Impacts Nesting Choice and Development of the Alfalfa Leafcutting Bee (Megachile rotundata)." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29779.
Full textAbstract:
Megachile rotundata is an agriculturally important pollinator of alfalfa and is not doing well in the U.S due to a 50% return rate (Pitts-Singer and Bosch, 2011). Nesting boxes can reach temperatures between 35˚C-48˚C (see Chapter 2). These temperatures can cause damage to multiple stages of development, including death (Barthel et al. 2002, Rossie et al. 2010). To date, it is unclear how cavity temperature varies across the box. Traditionally, nesting cavity temperatures have been monitored using 1-3 temperature probes to measure thousands of cavities (CaraDonna et al. 2018). These methods do not account for the accuracy of the temperature probe to depict temperatures several cm away from the probe. To asses this variation I have designed a 3D printed nesting box that holds one temperature probe for every four cavities. I found that cavity temperature impacts nesting preference, and survival, of the alfalfa leafcutting bee.United States. Department of Agriculture
North Dakota State University. Department of Biological Sciences
North Dakota State University. College of Science and Mathematics
NSF IOS 1557940
NSF EPSCoR 1826834
13
Blanc, Lori A. "Experimental study of an avian cavity-nesting community: nest webs, nesting ecology, and interspecific interactions." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28420.
Full textAbstract:
Cavity-nesting communities are structured by the creation of and competition for cavities as nest-sites. Viewing these communities as interconnected webs can help identify species interactions that influence community structure. This study examines cavity-nesting bird community interactions within the fire-maintained longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) ecosystem at Eglin Air Force Base, Florida. In chapter 1, I provide a background review of the ecology of my study system. In chapter 2, I use nest webs to depict the flow of cavity-creation and use at Eglin. I identified 2 webs into which most species could be placed. One web contained 6 species associated with pines. The second web contained 5 species associated with hardwoods. Red-cockaded woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) and northern flickers (Colaptes auratus) created most cavities used by other species within this community. In chapter 3, I describe snag densities and nest-site selection of the cavity-nesting bird community at Eglin. Large, mature pine snags were abundant, exceeding other reported densities for southern pine forests. Pine snags were heavily-used, despite the abundance of available red-cockaded woodpecker cavities in living pine. Hardwood snags accounted for 10% of nests found, and were used by 12 of 14 species. Diameters of nest-trees and available snags were below the range of optimal nest-snag diameters reported in other studies, indicating the need for site-specific snag management guidelines. In chapter 4, I combine a study of basic ecological principles with endangered species management to examine interactions within the cavity-nesting bird community at Eglin. I used a nest web to identify a potential indirect interaction between the red-cockaded woodpecker and large secondary cavity-nesters, mediated by the northern flicker. I used structural equation modeling to test a path model of this interaction. By experimentally manipulating cavity availability, I blocked links described in the model, confirming cavity creation and enlargement as mechanisms that influence this indirect relationship. I demonstrated that a red-cockaded woodpecker cavity-management technique could disrupt this indirect relationship by affecting northern flicker behavior, and provided an empirical example of how, in interactive ecological communities, single-species management can have indirect effects on non-target species.Ph. D.
14
Haffele, Ryan D. "Nesting Ecology of Ducks in Dense Nesting Cover and Restored Native Plantings in Northeastern North Dakota." OpenSIUC, 2012. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/858.
Full textAbstract:
Conservation efforts to increase duck production have led the United States Fish and Wildlife Service to restore grasslands with multi-species (3-5) mixtures of cool season vegetation often termed dense nesting cover (DNC). The effectiveness of DNC to increase duck production has been variable, and maintenance of the cover type is expensive. In an effort to decrease the costs of maintaining DNC and support a more diverse community of wildlife, restoration of multi-species (16-32) plantings of native plants has been explored. Understanding the mechanisms of nest site selection for nesting ducks within these plantings is important in estimating the efficiency of this cover at providing duck nesting habitat and determining appropriate management techniques. I investigated the vegetation characteristics between the 2 aforementioned cover types in the prairie pothole region of North Dakota, USA to see if native plantings provide the same vegetative structure to nesting hens as DNC. I also determined the nest density and nest success of upland nesting waterfowl in the cover types to determine if restored native plantings are providing the same nesting opportunity as DNC. Within each cover type I identified vegetation characteristics at nest sites of the 5 most common nesting species and compared them to random locations and within species to identify species specific factors in nest site selection. I located 3,524 nests (1,313 in restored-native vegetation and 2,211 in DNC) of 8 species in 2010-11. Native plantings had an average of 6.17 (SE = 1.61) nests/ha while DNC had an average of 6.71 (0.96) nests/ha. Nest densities were not different between cover types for the 5 most common nesting species. In 2010, nest success differed between cover types with restored-native plantings having 48.36% (SE = 2.4) and DNC having 42.43% (2.1) success. In 2011, restored-native planting success dropped considerably to 13.92% (1.7) while DNC success was similar to 2010 at 37.10% (1.7) The variability in nest success appeared to be impacted by late season success, as native plantings had similar success early in the nesting season, but much lower success later in the nesting season in both years. Vegetation data indicated no structural difference between cover types in 2010; however, a difference was detected during the late sampling period in 2011, with native plantings having shorter vegetation at random locations than DNC during this sampling period. In general ducks selected nest sites with greater leaf litter and denser, taller cover compared to random sites, however, vegetation density and height selection varied among species. Gadwall and mallards selected the tallest, densest vegetation, with northern pintail, blue-winged teal, and northern shovelers selecting vegetation of intermediate height and density. My results indicate native plantings are able to support similar densities of nests, but have great variability in nest success from year to year. In years with low nest success, native plantings may create an ecological sink as hens were not able to identify low quality patches and nested in similar densities despite lower success.
15
Hudson, Nathan Cole. "Nest success, nesting habitat, & nestling feeding rates of red-headed woodpeckers in east-central Illinois /." View online, 2009. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131592149.pdf.
Full text
16
Quinn, John Leo. "The timing of nesting in red-breasted geese and their nesting association with birds of prey." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368083.
Full text
17
Scott, Andrew James. "Automated nesting of sheet metal parts." Thesis, University of Bath, 1996. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320561.
Full text
18
Deering, Michele Marie. "Steller's Eiders nesting in Barrow, Alaska : philopatry, individual nest site selection and nesting association with Pomarine Jaegers /." Connect to Digital dissertations. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2002. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
Full text
19
Bishop, Christine Annette. "The effects of pesticide use in apple orchards on health and reproduction of cavity-nesting birds." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0002/NQ42835.pdf.
Full text
20
Paugh, Justin Isaac. "Common loon nesting ecology in Northwest Montana." Thesis, Montana State University, 2006. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2006/paugh/PaughJ0806.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Common Loons (Gavia immer) are found across the northern continental United States and in Canada and Alaska. The common loon is long lived, with delayed breeding maturity and low fecundity. Surveys indicate Montana's Common Loon population remains stable, but lakeshore development and watercraft recreation are increasing. While the effects of these changes are unclear, research investigating reproductive success over a gradient of habitat conditions, at multiple spatial scales is lacking. The objectives of this research were to investigate vital rates and the relationships between daily nest survival, chick survival and environmental covariates across multiple spatial scales. I monitored seventy-nine Common Loon nesting attempts and the fates of sixty-five Common Loon chicks during two field seasons in Montana. The strongest predictor of nest survival was the type of breeding territory occupied by loons. Loon nests on small lakes (<60 acres) showed the highest nest survival, followed by nests established on large lakes (>60 acres) occupied by a single breeding pair. The lowest nest survival occurred on large lakes (>60 acres) occupied by two or more breeding pairs. I found effects of landscape and lake scale covariates on chick survival, where chick survival was positively related to the number of foraging lakes, and number of adjacent pairs, within a 10-km radius of the nest. I observed a negative association between recreation activity and chick survival. Management actions designed to affect nest survival must vary depending on the type of nesting territory targeted. Management priorities for all territory types should focus on maintaining and restoring shoreline and island nesting habitat, and modifying watercraft recreation during the nesting period. Because small nesting lakes were the most productive, MLT areas should receive the highest attention. Land use planners involved with MLT lakes should consider minimizing watercraft disturbance on adjacent lakes to maintain, or improve, adult foraging habitats. Finally, efforts to increase chick survival need to focus on minimizing the negative effects of human recreation, especially during the first week post-hatching. Temporary wake restrictions, or using floating signs to eliminate watercraft use in historical chick nursery areas, may increase chick survival.
21
Davis, Jonas Ian. "Mallard nesting ecology in the Great Lakes." CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-05272008-112947/.
Full text
22
Deese, Stephanie Lynne. "The effects of nesting on grandparent investment." Thesis, Western Carolina University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10179110.
Full textAbstract:
Grandparental investment in grandchildren is a topic of interest within the field of evolutionary psychology. Studies have shown a consistent pattern of differences when it comes to each grandparent’s investment levels (Danielsbacka, Tanskanen, Jokela, & Rotkirch, 2011; DeKay, 1995; Laham, Gonsakorale, & Von Hippel, 2005; Michaski & Shackelford, 2005; Pollet, Nettle, & Nelisson, 2006). The pattern is as follows: the maternal grandmother invests the most, followed by the maternal grandfather, the paternal grandmother, and finally the paternal grandfather. The current hypotheses and theories behind this pattern are based on previous evolutionary theories of relatedness (Hamilton, 1964) and relational certainty (Trivers, 1972). The large and consistent difference between maternal grandmothers and paternal grandfathers can be explained relatively directly based on relational uncertainty, as the maternal grandmother is the most certain that the grandchild is her genetic relative and the paternal grandfather is least certain. This explanation is widely accepted. However, the smaller but consistent differences in investment patterns by maternal grandfathers versus paternal grandmothers, in favor of the former, is not as easily explained. The two currently competing theories are as follows: (1) although maternal grandfathers and paternal grandmothers are equally uncertain of their relatedness, they invest differently depending on which generation their uncertainty lies in – the grandparent generation for the grandfather and the parent generation for the grandmother; and (2) paternal grandparents have other grandchildren for which they are maternal grandparents, and they will choose to invest more in these more certain relatives. The current research was designed to test a new hypothesis, that patterns of grandparent investment are affected by whether or not grandparents are nested (coupled and sharing resources). A survey measuring grandparent investment across four dimensions was administered and found no significant differences between certain nested and unnested grandparents in terms of investment. Results instead revealed a different overall pattern of investment entirely, indicating multiple design flaws and providing some direction for future research.
23
Malan, G., DA Hagens, and QA Hagens. "Nesting success of White Terns and White-tailed Tropicbirds on Cousine Island, Seychelles." Ostrich, 2009. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001721.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction
Seabird life history strategies are often characterised
by high adult survival, delayed maturity at breeding, low
clutch sizes and variable reproductive output (Schaffner
1990, Bowler et al. 2002, Hockey and Wilson 2003,
Ramos et al. 2005). At low latitudes seabirds have small
clutches, large eggs and long incubation and fledging
periods (Hockey and Wilson 2003), and clutch size has
been related to food availability and predation risk (Shea
and Ricklefs 1996).
Primary production in tropical marine ecosystems is
generally considered to be low and seasonal, and food
may be scarce, especially at oceanic islands (Hockey
and Wilson 2003). Avian predators on small islands are
generally few, but predators may be attracted to seabird
eggs and chicks when large numbers of seabirds are
breeding at high densities (Schaffner 1991, Hockey and
Wilson 2003). Although most tropical islands are free
of large indigenous mammalian predators, predation
by smaller terrestrial predators like crabs and skinks
occurs (Schaffner 1991, Ramos et al. 2005). Intra- and
interspecific competition between breeding birds may
also lower breeding success (Bowler et al. 2002, Ramos
et al. 2005).
Cousine Island is one of the smallest islands in the
Seychelles archipelago. Seven tropical seabirds breed at
the island; two of the least common are the White Tern
Gygis alba and the White-tailed Tropicbird Phaethon
lepturus. An estimated 1 000–1 500 pairs of White Terns
and 450–850 pairs of White-tailed Tropicbirds breed on this
island (Skerret et al. 2001). White Terns are tree-nesting
birds that lay a single egg on an exposed fork or in an
artificial structure, whereas White-tailed Tropicbirds
are ground nesters that breed in a shady and sheltered
crevice (Schaffner 1991, del Hoyo et al. 1996, Bowler
and Pillay 2000). The incubation period of White Terns is
34–36 d (five weeks) and the nestling period 68 d (seven
weeks), whereas the incubation period of the White-tailed
Tropicbird is 40–42 d (six weeks) and the nestling period
77–85 d or 11–12 weeks (del Hoyo et al. 1996, Higgins
and Davies 1996). Both species exhibit life-history traits
specific to tropical island breeding. Each species has a
clutch size of one and nesting success is generally low,
from 30–50% for White-tailed Tropicbirds (Schaffner 1991,
Ramos and Pacheco 2003) and 29–40% for White Terns
(Vanderwerf 2003).
The aim of this study was to compare the reproductive
parameters of White Terns and White-tailed Tropicbirds
on Cousine Island and investigate if egg or chick failures
were associated with different stages of the incubation and
nestling periods. The study also examined the associations
between reproductive parameters and nest types
(White Terns), the two monsoon seasons and nest reuse.
We postulate reasons for observed differences in the
measured parameters between the two species
24
Brazier, Wayne. "Environmental cues and sensory preferences directing the nesting process in loggerhead turtles, caretta caretta, nesting in Maputaland, South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1015688.
Full textAbstract:
Animals use their senses for everything on an immediate, and day to day fashion – detecting danger, finding food, finding mates among other activities. In sea turtles and other migratory species senses are used for long-distance migrations. Senses such as smell, vision and hearing, have been studied experimentally under laboratory conditions but seldom have been investigated in the field. This thesis takes a combination of field and laboratory experiments and investigates some of the hypotheses involved in natal homing and nest site selection. The loggerhead’s nesting distribution in Maputaland is distinct with characteristic high and low density nesting areas which are consistent from year to year. Investigations by earlier researchers on these beaches suggested that beach characteristics, such as beach morphodynamic type and beach width, do not appear to influence the beaches at which loggerheads emerge to nest. The high density nesting area (with approximately 440 loggerhead emergences/km) have similar beach characteristics as the low density nesting area (with <50 loggerhead emergences/km). It is therefore suggested that there is another cue that drives nest site selection. It can either be related to a physical characteristic not yet realised, or is a non-physical (but chemical or biological) cue. This dissertation aims to identify the sensory inputs received during the nest selection process, as well as sea-finding ability after nesting. To investigate the mechanism causing the high-density as opposed to the low-density nesting area, three potential drivers were investigated namely: chemical imprinting (as a natal beach cue), ambient and artificial light (as deterrents) and social facilitation (as a learned behaviour). It was also attempted to identify the strength of the most common senses – vision, hearing and smell. As animal ethics restricts interfering with emerging or nesting turtles, the strengths of these senses were tested during sea-finding by adult loggerheads. The results indicate that sulfide concentrations appear to be used as chemical cues for nesting as these concentrations are elevated (>150 percent) in the high density nesting beaches compared to the low density nesting beaches within and among seasons however further investigations are required. Artificial light (range: 0.045–0.5 lux) is an active deterrent of female emergences while ambient light, even under extreme conditions such as lightning during electric storms (up to 8.2 lux), appears to have no observable influence on the spatial or temporal distributions of emergences. Social facilitation appears unlikely as a primary nest site selection factor for loggerheads. It may however, play a minor secondary role to preferred areas or hotspots. Sea-finding in post-nesting female loggerheads appears to be driven exclusively by visual cues such as the light horizon, with minimal to no influence from other cues (the sound of the breakers, slope or smell of the ocean) which solidify the visual system’s use in sea-finding. This research on the nest site selection of loggerheads and the sensory systems involved in this process has added valuable information to the limited pool of knowledge already present and has created a solid framework on which further investigations can be based. Future work in this field should focus on integrating a suite of sensory stimuli and cues to receive a greater understanding of the sensory systems used in nest site selection.
25
Jackson, Frances Drew. "Titanosaur reproductive biology comparison of the Auca Mahuevo Titanosaur nesting locality (Argentina), to the Pinyes Megaloolithus nesting locality (Spain) /." Diss., Montana State University, 2007. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2007/jackson/JacksonF0507.pdf.
Full text
26
Holt, Rachel Faith Martin Kathy. "Habitat selection, demography, and conservation implications for a cavity-nesting community in a managed landscape." Connect to this title online, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD%5F0003/NQ27952.pdf.
Full text
27
Williams, Gary E. "Relations of nesting behavior, nest predators, and nesting success of wood thrushes (Hylocichla mustelina) to habitat characteristics at multiple scales." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2002. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2551.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2002.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 145 p. : ill. (some col.), map (part col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
28
Young, Jared M. "Nesting automated design modules in an interconnected framework /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd973.pdf.
Full text
29
Mundim, Leandro Resende. "Mathematical models and heuristic methods for nesting problems." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-08122017-143216/.
Full textAbstract:
Irregular cutting and packing problems, with convex and non-convex polygons, are found in many industries such as metal mechanics, textiles, of shoe making, the furniture making and others. In this thesis we study the two-dimensional version of these problems, where we want to allocate a set of items, without overlap, inside one or more containers, limited or unlimited, so as to optimize an objective function. In this document we study the knapsack problem, placement problem, strip packing problem, cutting stock problem and bin packing problem. For these problems, the heuristic methods and mathematical programming models are proposed and presented very promising results, surpassing in many cases the best results in the specialized literature. This thesis is organized as follows. In Chapter 1, we present a review of the studied problems, the value proposition for this thesis with the main contributions and ideas. In Chapter 2, we propose a metaheursitic for the strip packing problem with irregular items and circles. Then, in Chapter 3, we present a generic heuristic for the allocation of irregular items that may be weakly or strongly heterogeneous and will be allocated in a container (output maximization problems) or multiple containers (input minimization problems). In Chapter 4, we propose a solution method for the cutting stock problem with deterministic demand and stochastic demand. In Chapters 5 and 6, we present mathematical programming models for the strip packing problem. Finally, in Chapter 7, we present a conclusion and a concise direction for future works.Os problemas de corte e empacotamento de itens irregulares, polígonos convexos e não convexos, são encontrado em diversas indústrias, tais como a metal-mecânica, a têxtil, a de calçados, a moveleira e outras. Nesta tese estudamos a versão bidimensional destes problemas, na qual desejamos alocar um conjunto de itens, sem sobreposição, no interior de um ou mais recipientes, limitados ou ilimitados, de modo a otimizar uma função objetivo. Neste trabalho estudamos o problema da mochila, o problema do assentamento, o problema empacotamento em faixa, o problema de corte de estoque e o problema de empacotamento de contêineres. Para estes problemas, os métodos heurísticos e modelos de programação matemática propostos e apresentam resultados muito promissores, ultrapassando em muitos casos os melhores resultados da literatura especializada. Esta tese esta organizada da seguinte maneira. No Capítulo 1, apresentamos uma revisão dos problemas estudados, a proposta de valor deste doutorado com as principais contribuições e ideias. No Capítulo 2, propomos uma meta-heurística para o problema de empacotamento em faixa para itens irregulares e círculos. Em seguida, no Capítulo 3 apresentamos uma heurística genérica para a alocação de itens irregulares que podem ser fracamente ou fortemente heterogêneos e serão alocados em um recipiente (problema de maximização de saída) ou de múltiplos recipientes (problemas de minimização de entrada). O Capítulo 4 propõem um método de solução para o problema de corte de estoque com demanda conhecida e demanda estocástica. Nos Capítulos 5 e 6 apresentamos modelos de programação matemática para o problema de corte de itens irregulares em faixa. Finalmente, no Capítulo 7, apresentamos a conclusão e uma sucinta direção para os trabalhos futuros.
30
Graham, Leah J. "Diamondback Terrapin, Malaclemys terrapin, Nesting and Overwintering Ecology." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1244225595.
Full text
31
Young, Jared Matthew. "Nesting Automated Design Modules In An Interconnected Framework." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2005. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/636.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis seeks to extend the PDG methodology by developing a generalized formal method for nesting PDGs in an interconnected system. A procedure for decomposing an individual PDG into reusable modules will be defined and a software architecture will be presented which takes advantage of these reusable modules. This method breaks the PDG structure into discrete elements known as PDG objects, PDG modules and PDG services. Each of these elements forms a distinct unit of reuse and each can be seen as a "little" PDG. Two different industrial implementations of this method are presented. These examples show that it is possible to share PDG services amongst multiple PDGs and provide a mechanism to create a PDG for a complicated system.
32
Zimmerman, Kathryn. "Sustaining biological diversity in managed sub-boreal spruce landscapes residual habitat strategies for cavity nesting species /." Connect to this title online, 1998. http://www.nlc-bnc.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ62505.pdf.
Full text
33
Broderick, Annette Cameron. "The reproductive ecology of marine turtles, Chelonia mydas and Caretta caretta, nesting at Alagadi, Northern Cyprus, Eastern Mediterranean." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263448.
Full text
34
Munoz, Anna Maria. "Nesting ecology of mourning doves in changing urban landscapes." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1405.
Full textAbstract:
Texas A&M University (TAMU) supports a substantial breeding population of mourning doves (Zenaida macroura) with one of the highest nest densities in Texas. There has been a long history of mourning dove research on the TAMU Campus, with initial population studies conducted in the 1950s, and the most recent studies occurring in the 1980s. The TAMU Campus and surrounding areas have experienced substantial changes associated with urbanization and expansion over the last 50 years, altering mourning dove habitat on and around campus. The objective of this study was to examine mourning dove nesting and production in an urban setting and determine how microhabitat and landscape features affect nest-site selection and nest success. Specifically, I (1) examined trends in mourning dove nesting density and nest success on the TAMU Campus, and (2) identified important microhabitat and landscape features associated with nest-site selection and nesting success. Mourning dove nests were located by systematically searching potential nest sites on a weekly basis from the late-March through mid-September. Nests were monitored until they either failed or successfully fledged at least 1 young. A total of 778 nests was located and monitored
on campus. All nest locations were entered into ArcView GIS. An equal number of nests were randomly generated in ArcView and assigned to non-nest trees to evaluate habitat variables associated with nest-site selection for mourning doves. Binary logistic regression was used to evaluate the significance of microhabitat and landscape variables to nest-site selection and nest success. Comparisons with data collected in 1950, 1978, and 1979 showed relatively similar nesting densities, but a significant decrease in nest success over time. A comparison of microhabitat features between actual nest trees and random locations (non-nest trees) indicated increasing values of tree diameter at breast height and tree species were important predictors of mourning dove nest-site selection. Landscape features found important in dove nest-site selection were proximity to open fields, roads, and buildings. Proximity to roads and buildings also were significant predictors of nest success. Combining significant microhabitat and landscape variables for nest-site selection increased the predictability of the model indicating a possible hierarchical nest-site selection strategy.
35
Margolis, William E. "Nesting Periodicity of Caretta caretta in Broward County, Florida." NSUWorks, 1993. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/352.
Full textAbstract:
The loggerhead sea turtle, Caretta caretta, is the most common sea turtle found nesting on Florida beaches. Burney and Mattison (1989) reported a trend towards increased loggerhead nesting in Broward County in 1989 during new and full moons. This trend was found at Hillsboro Beach in 1988 and in Broward County as a whole in 1989. These peaks in nesting activity were attributed to semilunar tidal cycles. In an effort to determine if semilunar tidal cycles do influence trends in daily loggerhead nesting density, daily loggerhead nests and total crawls (including nesting and non-nesting emergences) for the 1990 season (April 20- September 2) and for the peak of the 1990 season (May 30- July 27) were analyzed. Daily nest and total crawl counts were compared with variables based on moon phase, the nocturnal high tide time, and the rates of the incoming (flooding) and outgoing (ebbing) nocturnal high tides. There were 2,281 loggerhead nests and 4,206 total loggerhead crawls in Broward County during the entire season; there were 1,659 nests and 3,125 total crawls during the peak of the season (Burney and Mattison 1990). Comparisons were made using simple regression and correlation analyses, and indicated a trend towards increasing loggerhead emergences during the peak of the season when the nocturnal high tide was near 10 p.m.
36
Yang, Chi. "Effects of acid mine drainage on nesting tree swallows." Diss., Connect to online resource, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1433468.
Full text
37
Najafi, Hashem Saberi. "Modelling tides in the Persian Gulf using dynamic nesting /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phn162.pdf.
Full text
38
Sandhaus, Estelle A. "Nesting behavior in a reintroduced population of California condors." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47547.
Full textAbstract:
Studies in numerous animal taxa demonstrate that early rearing experience has a profound influence on the development of later adaptive behavior. This has implications for endangered species management, particularly when animals are reared in captivity for reintroduction or in cases in which species managers play an active role in managing animals at the individual or population levels. The California condor (Gymnogyps californianus) is a critically endangered New World vulture that was subject to a period of extinction in the wild followed by ongoing reintroduction in portions of its native range. Though the reintroduced population in southern California is largely adapting well, several obstacles to viability remain that are primarily anthropogenic in nature. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively assess nesting behavior of free-flying California condors in the southern California population to determine whether differences in parental care and nestling behavior are attributable to parental rearing conditions and experience. Hierarchical generalized linear modeling was used to analyze parent and chick activity budget data. Differences among condors were not detected in attendance patterns across either the egg or chick phases of nesting. Variation was not detected among chicks in proportion of time spent active and inactive during the early nestling phase. Variations among older nestlings in the proportion of time spent inactive were observed, with associations detected between inactivity, pair, visibility and season. The proportion of time that parents interacted with nestlings varied from nest to nest, with associations detected between interaction, visibility and season. Finally, potential pair-level variation in the propensity to bring microtrash to the nest was observed. It is concluded that while visibility is often overlooked in behavioral analyses, it is methodologically important to account for this variable in analyses of condor nestling behavior. Further, while some pair-level variation in allocation of care to nestlings is apparent, this appears to be a function of factors not related to individual developmental differences.
39
Lock, L. C. "Nesting and nighttime behaviours of captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3559.
Full textAbstract:
Studies of nesting behaviours of free-ranging apes typically focus on ecological variables such as preferred tree species and areas within the home range, heights of nests, and nest group sizes. However, nesting in captive apes is rarely studied, despite the ubiquity of this sleep-related behaviour. The paucity of field data is often attributed to the inherent difficulty in observing what is essentially a nighttime behaviour. Captive settings can provide researchers with an ideal opportunity to record nesting and sleep-related behaviours, yet such research on captive apes is also scant. Topics addressed include current practices in zoos regarding conditions for sleep in great apes, the potential effects of social and environmental factors on sleep site selection, the motor patterns involved in nest construction, preferred nesting structures and substrates, and nocturnal behaviours. This thesis documented and empirically tested hypotheses concerning nest-related activities in captive chimpanzees, with an aim to generate practical recommendations for enclosure design, sleeping areas, sleeping structures, and nesting substrates that have implications for the welfare of captive apes. As with the few reports that already exist, most chimpanzees in this research frequently constructed night nests. When building a nest, some techniques appeared to be universal across individuals and groups, where others were group-specific or occasionally characteristic of only certain individuals. An experiment showed that specific materials are preferred over others for nest building. Many chimpanzees appeared to express persistent preferences for particular sleeping sites, and for some this was to maintain proximity to kin or other closely bonded individuals. In one group, individual sleeping site preferences changed across seasons, although again this was subject to individual differences. Video analyses of nighttime behaviours demonstrated that, although nests/sleep sites are primarily used for rest subsequent to retirement, a number of social and non-social activities were performed throughout the night. In conjunction with analysis of postural and orientation shifts, these data are unique in describing the nocturnal behaviours of chimpanzees out with a laboratory setting. Several aspects of nest-related behaviours showed a high degree of inter-and intra-group variation. Although this cautions against generalising findings across captive populations, research of this type has applied implications for the management of captive ape species, and can add to our as-yet meagre understanding of their nest and sleep-related behaviours.
40
FERREIRA, JOAO CARLOS ESPINDOLA. "COMPUTER GRAPHICS SYSTEM FOR THE NESTING OF PLANE FIGURES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 1986. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=33308@1.
Full textAbstract:
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOREste trabalho teve por objetivo o desenvolvimento de um Sistema de Encaixe de Figuras Planas utilizando a computação gráfica como ferramenta. Além do sistema de edição e encaixe, foi, também, desenvolvido um sub-sistema para o escalonamento automático de figuras. O sistema é todo guiado por menus, com plenas facilidades de correção de erros de entrada. Após a descrição do sistema, são apresentadas algumas saídas gráficas que ilustram a capacidade do programa. Finalmente, apresentam-se algumas conclusões sobre o trabalho, onde são discutidas as vantagens da utilização deste sistema em relação aos métodos tradicionais de encaixe.
A computer graphics system for the nesting of plane figures was developed. The system consists of three programs. The first is for figure drawing and editing. The second is for pattern grading, while the last is for figure nesting. The system is user friendly, guided by menus with many error checking capabilities. Graphical examples are presented following a detailed discussion of the programs.
41
Dighe, Rahul. "Human pattern nesting strategies in a genetic algorithms framework." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36083.
Full text
42
Kronenberg, Philipp, Franz Wieck, Sebastian Weber, and Manuel Löwer. "Intelligentes Nesting in der Kreislaufwirtschaft zur Steigerung der Ressourceneffizienz." Thelem Universitätsverlag & Buchhandlung GmbH & Co. KG, 2021. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A75931.
Full textAbstract:
Kreislaufwirtschaft ist ein Konzept, um den Rohstoff- und Ressourcenverbrauch wirksam zu reduzieren. Hierbei sollen bestehende Produkte und Ressourcen so lange wie möglich in wertschöpfenden Kreisläufen gehalten werden. Im Rahmen der Repurpose (Wiederverwendung) Strategie werden Bauteile und Ressourcen von ausrangierten Produkten in neue Produkte mit anderer Funktion wiederverwendet. Hierzu müssen Rohlinge für neue Produkte in Sekundärrohstoffen angeordnet und herausgetrennt werden. Bedingt durch den nicht standardisierten Zustand von Sekundärrohstoffen, wird ein intelligentes Nesting Verfahren eingesetzt, die Ressourceneffizienz zu verbessern. Der Einsatz von intelligentem Nesting im Rahmen der Kreislaufwirtschaft zeigt, dass der Einsatz von Sekundärrohstoffen gesteigert und die benötigte Energie für die nachfolgenden Fertigungsverfahren eingespart werden kann.
43
Khoirul, Himmi Setiawan. "Nesting Biology of the Drywood Termite, Incisitermes minor (Hagen)." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/225670.
Full text
44
Morales, Susana Maria. "Effects of transplanting saguaros on native cavity nesting birds." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278725.
Full textAbstract:
Expanding urbanization into undisturbed Sonoran Desert vegetation has led to public concern over the removal and destruction of large saguaro cacti (Carnegia gigantea). Development mitigation plans were established requiring transplantation, salvage and replacement of saguaros in certain development sites. However, no research has assessed whether native birds use transplanted saguaros at the same rate as non-transplanted cacti. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of saguaro transplantation on nest use. In Tucson, Arizona, 87 transplanted and 28 non-transplanted saguaros on a developed site and 26 non-transplanted saguaros on an undisturbed site were selected for observation of bird nesting activity during the breeding seasons of 1997 and 1998. Birds showed a preference for saguaros, transplanted or non-transplanted, which were surrounded by native vegetation and in areas with low human activity. I suggest that guidelines be revised for development mitigation standards and saguaro transplanting.
45
Cook, Cassandra. "Impacts of Invasive Phragmites Australis on Diamondback Terrapin Nesting." W&M ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1477068338.
Full textAbstract:
The diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin) is a species of turtle found exclusively in brackish water habitats. Terrapins are currently facing population threats including by-catch mortality in crab pots, predation, and habitat loss. The expansion of the exotic, invasive reed Phragmites australis is causing widespread structural and functional changes to coastal ecosystems throughout North America, which could negatively impact the nesting success of female terrapins by invading preferred nesting habitats. I examined the extent to which Phragmites affects nesting of a breeding population of diamondback terrapins at Fisherman Island National Wildlife Refuge on the eastern shore of Virginia, where Phragmites has recently expanded into known areas of terrapin nesting. With data collected from the 2015 nesting season I quantified the impacts of this expansion on terrapin nesting by: determining the extent to which nest incubation temperature is impacted by Phragmites shading, determining how Phragmites density impacts the risk of rhizome invasion into nests, and determining how the presence of Phragmites impacts predation of terrapin nests. I also examined landscape features to determine which factors may be associated with diamondback terrapin nest site use. I found that Phragmites cover greater than 50% would decrease incubation temperatures of terrapin nests sufficiently to produce predominantly male hatchlings. There was no effect of Phragmites cover on root growth into simulated nests, but cover by other dune plant species explained observed trends in root growth. I did not find a significant effect of Phragmites on nest predator activity, but did find that Phragmites had an impact on terrapin nest site use on Fisherman Island. Distance from nest to nearest marsh and tidal creek also influenced terrapin nest site use. With crab pots and roadways contributing to high adult mortality every year, high nesting success will be highly important to maintaining and propagating this charismatic species.
46
Groce, Julie Elizabeth. "Habitat associations of cavity-nesting owls in the Sierra Nevada." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-3086.
Full text
47
Villarroel, Morris Ricardo. "Copulatory behaviour and paternity in solitary- and colony-nesting kestrels." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0014/NQ30410.pdf.
Full text
48
Lam, Tsz-fung. "Nesting of 2D parts with complex geometry and material heterogeneity." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B39557005.
Full text
49
Villarroel, Morris Ricardo. "Copulatory behaviour and paternity in solitary- and colony-nesting kestrels." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=34476.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis, I analysed the mating behaviour of the solitary-nesting American kestrel (Falco sparverius) in southern Quebec (Canada) and the colony-nesting lesser kestrel (F. naumanni) in Aragon (Spain). DNA fingerprinting of 26 families of lesser kestrels revealed that 3.4% of nestlings were extra-pair, which may have arisen through either extra-pair copulation or mate replacement. Two nestlings in two different nests were also the result of intraspecific brood parasitism. DNA fingerprinting of 21 American kestrel families showed that all the nestlings in two nests were extra-pair (10% extra-pair young overall), most probably due to mate replacement.I analysed the mating behaviour of both species in two studies with a similar aim, i.e. to test why mated pairs copulate so frequently. Sixteen pairs of wild American kestrels and 12 pairs of "solitary" lesser kestrels (14 nests per 0.3 km$ sp2)$ were analysed in terms of four hypotheses that explain high frequency of within-pair copulations both outside and during the fertile period. First the Paternity Assurance Hypothesis, i.e. males control timing and frequency of copulations to best assure fertilization, was rejected because extra-pair copulation attempts were low in both species ($<$1% of all copulations observed), within-pair copulation frequencies did not increase with nest density in the lesser kestrel, and copulation and mate attendance did not increase as the fertile period approached. Second, the Immediate Material Benefits Hypothesis, i.e. females trade copulations for food, was refuted because copulation most often occurred without food transfers. Third, the Female Mate-Guarding of Males Hypothesis, i.e. females distract their mates from other mating opportunities by copulating frequently, was rejected because male loss was low, males and females solicited similar amounts of copulations, and females did not differ in the timing or frequency of solicitations. Finally, the Mate Assessment Hypothesis, i.e. assessment of mate quality is mediated by copulation, most closely predicted the behaviour observed since within-pair copulation was high outside the fertile period and during pair formation in both species.
50
Sjöberg, Göran. "Nesting and migration in the introduced Canada goose in Sweden." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 1993. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-101357.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the thesis was to document patterns in breeding and migration in Swedish Canada geese Branta canadensis, to explain these against the genetic and historical background of the population, and to test predictions of hypotheses pertaining to parental investment. The Canada goose population in Sweden was founded by the introduction of a few individuals in the 1930's. DNA fingerprint similarity between geese breeding in Sweden was on average at the same level as between inbred close relatives in other wild bird species. The genetic variability of the population appeared to be considerably reduced in comparison to that of Canada geese breeding in North America. Dispersal and migration patterns were studied using plastic neck-bands that could be identified at long distance. Most Canada goose females nested at the lake where they grew up. Males were more prone to disperse than females, although most of them still returned to breed close to their area of origin. Geese from three breeding areas in Sweden had different winter distributions, although wintering areas overlapped considerably. Individual geese tended to return to the same wintering area as they had used in previous years. The females' investment in the egg clutch was related to the migration distance from spring foraging areas to the nesting area, suggesting an energetic cost of migration for egg production. Within breeding seasons, clutch size decreased with later initiation of nesting, but only in years with early breeding. A probable reason for this decrease was that body reserves available for egg production were larger in early layers. In years with late breeding, clutch size did not decrease, most likely because late-nesting females could supplement their body reserves by foraging on fresh vegetation. Nest defence intensity was studied by recording the behaviour of the female geese when a human approached the nest. The results largely confirmed predictions for nest defence intensity extracted from parental investment theory.Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1993, härtill 6 uppsatser
digitalisering@umu