Academic literature on the topic 'Nervous system – wounds and injuries – fiction'
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Journal articles on the topic "Nervous system – wounds and injuries – fiction"
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Sun, Huiyan, Limin Zhang, Wei Cheng, Fengxia Hao, Liyan Zhou, and Qiang Li. "Injectable Hydrogels in Repairing Central Nervous System Injuries." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (September 18, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7381980.
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The injured central nervous system (CNS) can hardly regenerate. In vitro engineering of brain tissue hits technical bottlenecks. Also, the compaction and complexity of anatomical structure defy the accurate positioning for lesion sites in intracranial injuries. Therefore, repairing injured CNS remains a significant clinical challenge. Various recent in vivo and in vitro experiments have demonstrated the excellent effect of tissue engineering on repairing central nerve cells and tissues through implanting new materials and engineered cells. Except for porous three-dimensional structures able to pad lesions in various shapes and simulate the natural extracellular matrix with nutrients for cell proliferation, hydrogels incorporate high biocompatibility. Injectable hydrogels with the merits of avoiding complex surgery on large wounds, filling irregular gaps, delivering drugs, and others, are of growing interest. This review focuses on the experimental studies regarding injectable hydrogels, especially applying various injectable hydrogels to repair brain damage.
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Sasmito, Emma Hidayati, and Sawitri Sawitri. "Clinical Manifestation and Management of Terrestrial Animal Bites." Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin 33, no. 2 (July 31, 2021): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/bikk.v33.2.2021.135-140.
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Background: Terrestrial animal bites wounds are injuries caused by terrestrial animals' mouths and teeth. Aerobic and nonaerobic bacteria cause 30–60% of the secondary bacterial infections due to animal bites. Rabies is an infectious disease and it is the most dangerous viral infection caused by animal bites. Also, venomous animal bites can be fatal and cause death if not treated well. Purpose: To identify the clinical manifestation, first aid, and management of terrestrial animal bites to reduce morbidity and mortality. Review: Wounds and crush injuries caused by animal bites are prone to infection. Aerobic bacteria, such as Pasteurella multocida, Staphylococcus spp. (including methicillin–resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)), Capnocytophaga canimorsus, and Bartonella henselae, and anaerobic bacteria, such as Porphyromonas spp. are commonly found pathogens in animal bite wounds. Rabies, the most dangerous viral infection, occurs in wounds infected by the rabies virus. The virus enters the nerve tissue, multiplies, and spreads to the central nervous system. This can cause disability, and it is life-threatening. In snakebites, management of basic life support, transportation to the hospital, clinical assessment, and immediate resuscitation are the most important procedures. Conclusion: Animal bite wounds are injuries caused by animals' mouths and teeth. Dogs, cats, and snakes are terrestrial animals that most likely attack humans. Proper diagnosis, first aid, and comprehensive management are needed to reduce morbidity and mortality.
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Afshar, Ahmadreza, and Ali Tabrizi. "Razi and his Concepts on Bone and Joint Disorders." Archives of Iranian Medicine 23, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 624–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/aim.2020.74.
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This brief review presents Razi’s concepts of bone and joint disorders. Razi differentiated between ligaments, tendons, and nerves and recognized the role of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system in the perception of senses and voluntary movements. He described paralysis and loss of sensation following brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system injuries. Razi presented an early concept of compartment syndrome. Razi’s approach to fracture management is very similar to the current concept of functional bracing for some fractures. Razi mentioned suturing the wounds and ligation of bleeding large vessels. He cautioned about phlebotomy in the antecubital fossa as it may become complicated by the adjacent arterial and nerve injuries. Razi treated osteomyelitis by removing the infected and necrotic bone by sawing, cutting, and rasping. He also documented arthralgia, painful hip, and sciatic pain and made a sharp distinction between arthralgia and gout. He indicated the gout origin as the production of a waste substance that the body fails to expel. Razi’s basic concepts on the bone and joint disorders established a foundation for modern orthopedic science.
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Tsymbaliuk, Vitalii I., Sergii S. Strafun, Ihor B. Tretyak, Iaroslav V. Tsymbaliuk, Alexander A. Gatskiy, Yuliia V. Tsymbaliuk, and Mykhailo M. Tatarchuk. "SURGICAL TREATMENT OF PERIPHERAL NERVES COMBAT WOUNDS OF THE EXTREMITIES." Wiadomości Lekarskie 74, no. 3 (2021): 619–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202103210.
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The aim: Improving the effectiveness of patients' treatment with combat injuries of the peripheral nervous system, which consists in the application and development of new methods of reconstructive interventions, optimizing a set of therapeutic and diagnostic measures for the most effective management of this category of patients with peripheral nerve injury. Materials and methods: The research is based on the results of surgical treatment of 138 patients with combat injuries of peripheral nerves for the period from 2014 to 2020. The mean age was 33.5 ± 2.1 years. Patients were treated for 1 to 11 months after injury (median – 8 months). Damage to the sciatic nerve was observed in 26.1%, ulnar – in 20.3%, median – in 18.8%, radial – in 15.9%, tibial – in 10.9%, common peroneal nerve – in 8% of cases. Results: It was shown that in all patients was significantly improved the recovery of all nerves. In the period from 9 to 12 months, the degree of recovery of motor function to M0-M2 was observed in 40.6%, to M3 – in 35.5%, to M4 – in 16.7%, to M5 – in 7,2%. The degree of recovery of sensitivity to S0-S2 was observed in 36.2%, to S3 – in 42.8%, to S4 – in 17.4%, to S5 – in 3.6%. Regression of pain syndrome after surgery was observed in 81.2% of patients. Conclusions: The results of surgical treatment of peripheral nerves gunshot injury are generally worse than other types of nerve injuries. The best results of surgical treatment of combat trauma of peripheral nerves are obtained in patients with sciatic nerve damage.
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Melnyk, Oksana V., Iryna V. Kovalenko, Mykola Z. Vorobets, Viktor V. Chaplyk, Olena K. Onufrovych, Іryna М. Коvalchuk, and Маryana Ya Savytska. "MICROFLORA OF COMBAT WOUNDS OF THE MALE PELVIC ORGANS AND DYSBACTERIOSIS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM." Клінічна та профілактична медицина, no. 4 (June 17, 2024): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31612/2616-4868.4.2024.06.
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Introduction. Identification of microorganisms that colonize combat wounds and cause wound infection is of primary importance for the subsequent successful treatment of the patient. The resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobial drugs makes the efforts of modern medicine in the fight against infectious agents ineffective. The problem of infertility is closely related to combat injuries, their infection, stress, and neurotic disorders. Aim. Obtaining and summarizing data on microbial colonization of mine-blast wounds of pelvic organs and the microbiome of the genitourinary system of combatants. Materials and methods. 84 smears were taken from 56 wounds of 36 patients with injuries of the pelvic organs who were being treated. 73 patients with injuries were examined for the presence of mycoflora in the urogenital tract. Isolation of pure bacterial cultures was carried out by inoculating the studied material using meat-peptone agar, blood agar, chromogenic agars. For the diagnosis of urogenital or other infections by the PCR method, a scraping from the back wall of the urethra was taken from the patients. Results. Predominant microorganisms in positive cultures of smears were non-fermenting gram-negative rods, which in 28% of cultures belonged to the genus Acinetobacter, in 26% to the genus Pseudomonas. As for associated infections, 20% of them consisted of the genus Acinetobacter, 32% – Enterobacter, 4% – Klebsiella and 29% – Pseudomonas. Gram-positive cocci were isolated in 37% of positive smear cultures. The frequency of isolation of the genus Streptococcus in monoinfection was 2.5%, followed by the genus Clostridium – 2%, Bacillus – 3%, Enterococcus – 4% and Actynomycceas – 4%. In associated infections, the frequency of isolation of the genus Streptococcus was 4%, followed by the genus Clostridium – 2%, Bacillus – 4%, Enterococcus – 3% and Actynomycceas – 5%. When analyzing the microflora of the genitourinary system, it was found that the priority role belongs to the combined infection, when there are associations of specific pathogens such as Ureaplasma spp., Mycoplasma spp., Chlamidia spp., Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, Streptococcus spp., Enterococcus faecalis, which is 80% of the entire microbiome. Conclusions. Acinetobacter baumanii and Klebsiella pneumoniae are the dominant microflora complicating the course of combat wounds during almost two years of Russia's full-scale war against Ukraine. Probably, the duration of hostilities, the large number of wounded, and the forced mass unsystematic use of various antibiotics lead to rapid changes in the spectrum of pathogens of combat wounds. Combat wounds and their infection, stress, and nervous disorders lead to an imbalance of microflora, in particular microflora of the genitourinary system, which can be one of the causes of infertility. Chlamydia and Ureaplasma are the most common microorganisms that colonize the urogenital tract of men injured as a result of hostilities.
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Kholodnyi, R. D. "MODELING THE SKELETAL MUSCLE INJURY IN RATS." International Journal of Veterinary Medicine, no. 3 (October 18, 2022): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2022.3.253.
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Muscles are the most important executive organs - effectors. Both according to morphological and functional characteristics, muscles are divided into two types - striated and smooth. Striated muscles, in turn, are usually divided into skeletal and cardiac. Striated muscles form the motor apparatus of the skeleton, oculomotor, chewing and other motor systems in animals. The striated muscles, with the exception of the heart muscle, are completely controlled by the central nervous system, they are devoid of automatism.The problem of damage to skeletal muscles is very relevant and widespread. These injuries disrupt the musculoskeletal function of animals, up to its complete loss. To search for methods for restoring the structure and function of muscles, experiments are being carried out on laboratory animals. This article is devoted to the selection of the optimal model of skeletal muscle injury, performed on laboratory rats. The study was conducted on Wistar rats. The choice of the muscle on which the models will be worked out, as well as the surgical access to it, is substantiated. Three options for inflicting damage to muscle tissue (cut wounds directed parallel to muscle fibers; cut wounds directed across muscle fibers; crushed wounds of muscle tissue) and the timing of healing of these injuries are proposed. The result of the study showed that the gastrocnemius muscle is the most suitable for modeling damage to muscle tissue in rats, and a crushed wound has the longest healing time.
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Bezrodnyi, B. G., S. O. Dykuha, and I. V. Kolosovich. "DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF COMBAT INJURIES OF THE HEART AND GREAT VESSELS. Review." Medical Science of Ukraine (MSU) 16, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32345/2664-4738.2.2020.12.
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Relevance. According to the modern realities of hostilities in the East of Ukraine, the medical community has grown a request for information about the nature of the most dangerous defeats of the participants of the Joint Forces Operation (JFO) in Donbass.
Objective: analysis and generalization of the nature of heart injuries received during the hostilities in the East of Ukraine, the stages of medical support of such wounded.
Materials and methods. Analysis of scientific publications in scientific journals of Ukraine by keywords for the period 2014-2018.
Results. The nature of injuries among participants in the JFO has been analyzed. The first place is occupied by injuries of blood vessels with bleeding (60%), 2 - pneumothorax (34%), and 3 - airway obstruction (6%). All this can be combined and supplemented by damage to the nervous system and other organs. In the conditions of the modern war in Donbass, shrapnel injuries (50.5%), bullet wounds (25.3%), and closed injury (20.3%) are considered frequent types of injuries. The classification of heart injuries, clinical symptoms, the levels of support for such a wounded are described: first aid at the prehospital stage ("golden minutes") on the battlefield, qualified medical assistance ("golden hour"), specialized medical care in a hospital. Post-traumatic stress disorders have been described that last from one to 6 months and require complex treatment.
Conclusion. According to NATO's new military medical doctrine, "an effective and reliable medical support system contributes to maintaining the trust of the military and the general public in the army and its political leadership".
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Oderov, Artur, Serhii Romanchuk, Oleh Nebozhuk, Mariana Ripak, Oksana Matveiko, Viktor Lashta, Volodymyr Klymovych, and Oleksandr Тymochko. "Дослідження функціонального стану нервової системи військо¬вослужбовців, які мали контузію шляхом використання скринінг-тестів." Physical education, sport and health culture in modern society, no. 3(59) (September 30, 2022): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/2220-7481-2022-03-69-76.
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Analysis of servicemen participation in hostilities on the territory of the state has led to a significant increase in the number of personnel who have combat wounds, mutilations or injuries. Almost all participants in hostilities have health impairments, namely PCS, the prevalence of which is more than 70 % of the total number of injuries. This contingent of servicemen is important for the Ukrainian army, as their combat experience is a basis for the development and improvement of training of military specialists` training. However, their state of health can be an obstacle to the successful performance of their functional duties. The Purpose of the Study – to comprehensively investigate the functional state of the nervous system of servicemen who had PCS, using a battery of tests aimed at studying the psycho-emotional state. Research Stuff and Methods – 36 servicemen (average age 32,22±1,26 years) who had a history of concussion took part in the study. A set of tests included: tapping test, the Romberg test, finger-nose test, “Walking in a straight line with open and closed eyes” test, and the Yarotsky`s test. Findings. The tests used meet the basic requirements for screening, it means, they are simple, visual, economically feasible and allow obtaining sufficiently informative information about the health state of the participants. The absence of deep lesions of the nervous system was confirmed, that is, the testing proves the conclusions made regarding the pre-nozological nature of health disorders again.
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Franchini, Delia, Serena Paci, Stefano Ciccarelli, Carmela Valastro, Pasquale Salvemini, and Antonio Di Bello. "Clinical Findings, Management, Imaging, and Outcomes in Sea Turtles with Traumatic Head Injuries: A Retrospective Study of 29 Caretta caretta." Animals 13, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13010152.
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Sea turtles are considered endangered species, largely due to anthropogenic activities. Much of the trauma in these species involves the carapace and skull, resulting in several degrees of damage to the pulmonary and nervous systems. Among traumatic injuries, those involving the skull can be complicated by brain exposure, and turtles with severe skull injuries that have nervous system impairment, emaciation, and dehydration can often die. Between July 2014 and February 2022, a total of 1877 loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) were referred for clinical evaluation at the Sea Turtle Clinic (STC) of the Department of Veterinary Medicine of the University of Bari. A retrospective study of 29 consecutive cases of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) with skull lesions of different degrees of severity is reported. On admission, physical and neurological evaluations were performed to assess and grade the lesions and neurological deficits. In 20 of the 29 sea turtles with more serious head trauma, computed tomography (CT) findings in combination with physical and neurological assessment enabled the evaluation of the potential correlation between deficits and the extent of head injuries. All sea turtles underwent curettage of the skull wounds, and the treatment protocol included the use of the plant-derived dressing 1 Primary Wound Dressing® (Phytoceutical AG, Endospin Italia) applied on the wound surface as a primary dressing. Out of 29 sea turtles, 21 were released after a time ranging from a few days to 8 months. To the best of our knowledge, the literature lacks specific data on the incidence, correlations with neurological deficits, complications, and survival rate of loggerhead sea turtles with traumatic head injuries.
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Borodai, O. M., and Yu V. Kas. "FEATURES OF CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF POST-TRAUMATIC NEUROPATHIES AND PLEXOPATHIES RESULTED FROM GUNSHOT AND NON-GUNSHOT INJURIES OF EXTREMITIES." International Medical Journal, no. 3 (September 16, 2020): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37436/2308-5274-2020-3-9.
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The number of traumatic injuries to nerve stems and plexuses is steadily increasing in peacetime during armed conflicts and terrorist acts. In wartime, peripheral nerve injuries are much more common, and a great deal of the knowledge about peripheral nerve damage and repair is based on combat experience. The study of the clinical course of post−traumatic neuropathies and plexopathies contributes to the development of clinical and neurological criteria and compensatory−restorative responses in traumatic lesions of the peripheral nervous system, helps to assess the functional significance of various parts of the nervous system when compensating a damaged functional unit. To study the features of clinical manifestations of post−traumatic gunshot and non−gunshot neuropathies and plexopathies, 63 patients underwent clinical and neurological examination with topical and clinical diagnoses, collection of detailed anamnesis and complaints, electroneuromyography and ultrasound examination. Movement disorders, characterized by peripheral paresis or plegia of the corresponding muscle group and accompanied with a reduced or lost tendon and periosteal reflexes, were common. Sensitivity disorders were a combination of prolapse (anesthesia, hypoesthesia) and irritation (paresthesia, hyperpathy, hyperesthesia). Autonomic disorders (vascular, secretory and trophic) in traumatic neuropathies differ depending on the clinical individuality of peripheral nerves. Vascular disorders were more often detected with partial damage to nerve structures and were accompanied by local edema. Of the secretory disorders, the most constant sign of impaired nerve conduction was sweating disorder. In the clinical picture of the pain syndrome, i.e. causalgia, the pain sensations by type of burning dominated. The intensity of the pain syndrome in severe cases was very high, in some cases the pain was exacerbated by irritation of the senses. The clinical picture of causalgia is characterized by an increased pain when warming the injured limb and it reduced when cooled, that is a "symptom of a wet rag." Knowledge of clinical features allows the detection of the peripheral nervous system lesions at the early stages of pathology, performance of dynamic clinical and neurological observation and treatment, timely use of modern additional research methods to address further treatment tactics that restore limb function, improve quality of life. Key words: post−traumatic neuropathy and plexopathy, peripheral nervous system, gunshot wounds of nerves and plexuses.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nervous system – wounds and injuries – fiction"
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Moore, Leah Kathryn. "Neuronal viability and biochemical alterations after mechanical stretch injury: ban in vitro model of traumatic brain injury-induced neourodegeneration." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5362.
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Margand, Paul Marcus Buchanan. "Ultrastructural changes in electrically damaged x-enopus laevis sciatic nerve." Scholarly Commons, 1991. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2217.
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Electrical injury is known to alter the normal physiological function of nerves. In most cases, the change in function is only minor, but in severe instances the physiological function may be lost entirely. The changes in function involve the ability of the nerve to transmit an impulse, which is a function of the nerve's ability to create and maintain an electrical gradient across its membrane. When the nerve is exposed to an electrical current, the ability to maintain an electrical gradient across the membrane is reduced or lost. This change may be transient or permanent. The changes in the gradient hinder the nerve from propagating the impulse, which is the means of information transfer to and from the CNS (central nervous system). Due to the manner in which human victims are typically exposed to an electric shock, the peripheral axons usually display the greatest change in physiological function.
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Bastos, Lopes Alves João Nuno. "Strategies to block inhibition and restore plasticity in the central nervous system after injury." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708968.
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Yuan, Qiuju, and 袁秋菊. "The plasticity of hypothalamic magnocellular system following axonal damage by hypophysectomy in developing and adult rats." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30301117.
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Shi, Ri Yi. "Neuronal Survival After Dendrite Amputation: Investigation of Injury Current Blockage." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1988. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501278/.
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After dendrite transection, two primary injury current pathways may acount for cell death: (1) the lesion current at the site of injury and (2) the voltage sensitive calcium channels along the dendrite. Lesions were made with a laser microbeam in mouse spinal monolayer cell cultures. Polylysine was tried as a positively charged "molecular bandage" to block the lesion current. The calcium channel blockers, verapamil and nifedipine, were used to reduce the calcium channel current. Control toxicity curves were obtained for all three compounds. The results show that neither verapamil, nifedipine, nor polylysine (MW: 3,300) protect nerve cells after dendrite amputation 100 ptm from the soma. The data also indicate that these compounds do not slow the process of cell death after such physical trauma.
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Hobbs, Catherine E., and n/a. "Perinatal hypoxia-ischaemia : neuroprotective strategies." University of Otago. Department of Anatomy & Structural Biology, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070221.145910.
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Perinatal hypoxia-ischaemia is a major cause of disability, including cerebral palsy, yet a neuroprotectant which fully protects the brain remains elusive. Following a hypoxic-ischaemic insult, striatal medium-spiny neurons and hippocampal CA1 neurons are vulnerable to a complex cascade of neurotoxic events. This cascade includes energy failure, a massive release of glutamate, the formation of free radicals and caspase activation. The overall aim of this thesis was to assess the efficacy of three potential neuroprotective strategies that target this cascade from different directions. Short-term, and where appropriate, long-term, neuroprotection was investigated. The first treatment strategy aimed to suppress the generation of free radicals through treatment with the potent free radical spin trap, N-tertbutyl-(2-sulphophenyl)-nitrone (S-PBN). The second compound tested was the caspase-3 inhibitor, minocycline. Finally, the third treatment strategy combined a series of S-PBN injections with 6 hours of moderate hypothermia immediately after hypoxia-ischaemia. Hypothermia is suggested to slow the rate of the neurotoxic cascade, thus potentially allowing other neuroprotective agents greater efficacy.
Using an adaptation of the Rice et al. (1981) model, hypoxia-ischaemia was induced on postnatal day (PN) 8 in the right cerebral hemisphere. For the short-term studies, the rats were perfused at 14 days-of-age. The brains were dissected out and embedded in Technovit. Forty [mu]m serial sections were cut through the right striatum and hippocampus. The total number of medium-spiny neurons in the striatum and where appropriate, the total number of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal layer, were stereologically determined using the optical disector/Cavalieri method.
For the long-term study, fine motor control was assessed in half of the animals through the staircase test from 9-11 weeks-of-age. Neuroprotection was assessed in the remaining animals. All animals were sacrificed at 12 weeks-of-age. The total number of striatal medium-spiny neurons was stereologically determined in the non-behavioural animals as described above.
A series of seven injections of S-PBN (100mg/kg) did not offer statistically significant neuroprotection to the striatum at one week after perinatal hypoxia-ischaemia. Similarly, a single injection of minocycline (45mg/kg) immediately after the insult did not offer significant neuroprotection to the striatum nor the CA1 region of the hippocampus at this early time-point. In contrast, when the series of S-PBN injections was combined with 6 hours of moderate hypothermia post-hypoxia-ischaemia, sterelogical analysis revealed significant neuroprotection of the striatal medium-spiny neurons to normal levels at one week after the injury. No significant neuroprotection was seen in the CA1 region of the same animals.
To assess whether this impressive striatal neuroprotection was long-lasting and whether it represented functional rescue, the final experiment in this thesis investigated rat pups at 12 weeks-of-age after exposure to hypoxia-ischaemia at PN8. Treatment with S-PBN/hypothermia offered persistent neuroprotection of striatal medium-spiny neurons and preservation of fine motor skills compared to diluent-normothermia-treated controls. The long-term behavioural outcomes were compared with normal, uninjured controls and the total number of medium-spiny neurons was compared with normal numbers from the literature. These comparisons revealed that the histological and functional integrity of the striatum was rescued to normal levels.
This is the first study to identify a treatment strategy that offers complete and long-lasting preservation of striatal neuronal numbers, by accurate and unbiased stereological methods, paired with persistent preservation of fine motor control following perinatal hypoxia-ischaemia.
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袁秋菊 and Qiuju Yuan. "Effects of neurotrophic factors on motoneuron survival following axonal injury in developing rats." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42128705.
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Millner, Mary Angela. "Modulation of CSPG sulfation patterns through siRNA silencing of sulfotransferase expression to promote CNS regeneration." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24647.
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Niu, Chenchen, and 牛晨晨. "The neuroprotective signaling mechanisms of telomerase via the induction by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in nervoussystem injury." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45152883.
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Hu, Ying. "Optic nerve regeneration in adult rat." University of Western Australia. School of Anatomy and Human Biology, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0080.
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[Truncated abstract] There is limited intrinsic potential for repair in the adult human central nervous system (CNS). Dysfunction resulting from CNS injury is persistent and requires prolonged medical treatment and rehabilitation. The retina and optic nerve are CNSderived, and adult retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons are often used as a model in which to study the mechanisms associated with injury, neuroprotection and regeneration. In this study I investigated the effects of a variety of strategies on promoting RGC survival and axonal regeneration after optic nerve injury, including the use of reconstructed chimeric peripheral nerve (PN) grafts, gene therapy, and intraocular application of pharmacological agents and other factors . . . C3 transferase is an enzyme derived from Clostridium botulinum that inactivates Rho GTPase. Because SC myelin contains MAG and PN also contains CSPGs, I tested the effects of intraocular injection of a modified form of C3 (C3-11), provided by Dr Lisa McKerracher (CONFIDENTIAL data, under IP agreement with Bioaxone Therapeutic, Montreal) on RGC axonal regeneration into PN autografts. My results showed that there was significantly more RGC survival and axonal regeneration in PN autografts after repeated intraocular injection of C3. I also tested whether intraocular injections of CPT-cAMP and/or CNTF can act in concert with the C3 to further increase RGC survival and/or regeneration. Results showed that the effect of C3 and CPT-cAMP plus CNTF were synergistic and partially additive. The use of combination therapies therefore offers the best hope for robust and substantial regeneration. The overall results from my PhD project will help determine how best to reconstruct nerve pathways and use pharmacological interventions in the clinical treatment of CNS injury, hopefully leading to improved functional outcomes after neurotrauma.
Books on the topic "Nervous system – wounds and injuries – fiction"
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Povlishock, John T. Central nervous system trauma status report, 1985. Bethesda, Md.]: Prepared for the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 1985.
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1928-, Bruyn G. W., Wolff F. A. de, and Vinken P. J. 1927-, eds. Intoxications of the nervous system. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, 1995.
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1869, Rothwell Fred b., and Joll Cecil A. 1885-1945, eds. Nerve wounds: Symptomatology of peripheral nerve lesions caused by war wounds. Toronto: Macmillan, 1997.
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Kline, David G. Nerve injuries: Operative results for major nerve injuries, entrapments, and tumors. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 1995.
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William, Gibson. Neuromancer. London: Voyager, 1995.
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William, Gibson. Neuromancer. 2nd ed. New York: Ace Books, 2004.
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William, Gibson. Neuromancer. New York: Ace Books, 1994.
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William, Gibson. Neuromancien. Paris: Éditions J'ai lu, 1988.
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William, Gibson. Neuromancer. West Bloomfield, Mich: Phantasia Press, 1986.
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William, Gibson. Neuromancer: Sprawl, Book 1. New York: Ace Books, 2000.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Nervous system – wounds and injuries – fiction"
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Case, Mary E. S. "Central Nervous System Trauma." In Principles And Practice Of Neuropathology, 140–75. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195125894.003.0009.
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Abstract Head injuries account for half of all trauma deaths and for more cases of permanent disability than any other type of trauma (Kraus, 1993). Head injury statistics vary markedly depending upon how the head injury is defined and whether the data come from hospitals, medical examiners’ reports, or police reports; data on admissions for head injury are not collected uniformly in the United States. Many hospitalized patients who have other severe injuries in addition to their head injury do not have the diagnosis of head injury recorded in the hospital record, so those injuries are lost from the database (Moss and Wade, 1996). In a series of 49,143 patients from 95 trauma centers, the overall mortality of patients with head injury was 18.2%, three times higher than in patients with no head injury (Gennarelli et al., 1989). U.S. mortality data from 1979 to 1986 recorded 315,328 deaths associated with head injury, representing 2% of all deaths, 26% of injury deaths, and an annual death rate of 16.9 per 100,000 residents (Sosin et al., 1989). The head injury death rate varies among different population settings up to a high of about 32 per 100,000 residents, and urban populations have the higher rates. The most common causes of these head injuries are traffic accidents (~50%), gunshot wounds (20%–40%), falls (10%), and assaults (5%–10%). Head injury is a major cause of mortality and morbidity at all ages. The death rate for head injury in children is about 10 per 100,000, five times the mortality rate for leukemia, the next leading cause of death (Kraus et al., 1986). The annual head injury rate for children in San Diego was found to be 185 per 100,000. The most common causes of childhood head injury were falls (35%), recreational activities (29%), and traffic accidents (24%). The mechanism of children’s head injuries varies with the age of the child. In some series, falls account for as many as 75% of head injuries in those under the age of 3 years (Jamison and Kaye, 1974; Hanhn et al., 1988; Luerssen et al., 1988). Many studies find that children have a lower mortality rate and better outcome than adults after severe head injury, although this trend does not hold for the very young child who sustains abusive head injury (Berger et al., 1985; Alberico et al., 1987).
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Uzcategui, Nicolas. "Eyelid Lacerations and Acute Adnexal Trauma." In Surgery of the Eyelid, Lacrimal System, and Orbit. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195340211.003.0005.
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When evaluating a patient who has sustained any type of trauma, life-threatening injuries should be addressed or ruled out before proceeding with assessment for ocular and adnexal trauma. In the setting of trauma the practitioner must never forget the basics of life support and systemic trauma assessments. The first goals are to maintain a patent airway and to provide respiratory support. Adequate circulation and perfusion need to be reestablished once an airway has been established. The nature of the accident should alert the practitioner as to the possibility of a cervical spine injury. In accidents that are unwitnessed, that produce loss of consciousness, and/or that are produced by high-velocity impacts to the head, face, and neck, the patient should have C-collar stabilization/immobilization until the cervical spine can be cleared both radiologically and clinically. Only then should ocular and adnexal injuries be assessed. Adnexal trauma is addressed only after the integrity of the globe and intraocular contents has been confirmed by a complete eye examination. A dilated funduscopic examination can be deferred for a reasonable amount of time if a neurologic injury and central nervous system compromise is suspected, since the use of mydriatic agents is a relative contraindication in these circumstances. If a facial nerve injury is not present and/or a ruptured globe has been excluded, the extent of the eyelid and adnexal injuries can be safely determined. Complex lacerations of the eyelid often include extensive wounds involving the eyelid margin, canaliculi, and lateral canthus; these can be associated with tissue loss and can be caused either by sharp objects or bite injuries. In general it is preferable to repair soft tissue injuries within hours of their occurrence; nevertheless, special considerations can delay the primary repair in exceptional circumstances such as severe tissue edema, active infection at the wound site, or extensive hematomas. Intermittent ice compresses, drainage of hematomas, and systemic steroids and/or antibiotics can be instituted prior to repair if swelling or infections limit the possibility of reconstruction. Local wound care and sometimes topical antibiotics are a cornerstone of management in adnexal injury.
Conference papers on the topic "Nervous system – wounds and injuries – fiction"
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Guimarães, Mário Vicente Campos, Josué Andrade Martins, Ana Lívia Piovezan de Oliveira, and Cecília Procópio Cardoso. "Neuropathic pain as consequence of rifle injury: a case report and literature review." In XIV Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.141s1.585.
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Rifle injuries are relatively common in emergency cases. It may result in several acute damages or it could lead to chronic consequences to the patient. This paper reports a case of a rifle injury on the leg that resulted in neuropathic pain and venous insufficiency. To treat this patient, a multidimensional approach was prefered, using comprehensive therapy, drug treatment and neuromodulation. The case reported in this paper was gathered by appreciation of the patient’s records and interviews and was discussed in the light of the most recent literature. Neuropathic pain is caused by lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system, according to The International Association for Study of Pain that affects over 7 to 8 percent of general populations and corresponds to 20 to 25 percent of chronic pain, most frequently in women and man older than 50-years, diagnosed exclusively via clinical criteria. It might be classified by the clinical manifestations: spontaneous pain, evoked pain, after sensations, hyperpathia and referred pain. The details of pathophysiology of neuropathic pain are yet to be clarified once most of the data in the matter comes from animal testing and should be interpreted carefully, majorly in the long-term assessments. It is clear, though, that several mechanisms are involved in the pathogenic process, depending on anatomical location and etiology, and that different classifications of neuropathic pain could be clustered to form several subgroups based on the symptoms combination, each reflecting different mechanisms. Understanding these underlying mechanisms is crucial to a proper treatment of the patient. In this paper, we report a patient who suffered from a fire gun injury in the left feet resulting in a neuropathic pain. A 40-year-old male comes to the office referring to allodynia, hyperalgesia, burning pain and paroxysmal pain, characterizing persistent neuropathic pain, intensity 8 in the one-to-ten scale, and edema during the day in the left inferior member. The patient reports being shot, one year and half before, with a 5.56 caliber rifle at the left feet, riching the fifth metatarsal No remarkable finding was present in the medical history prior to the incident. At physical examination, it was perceived that the patient developed venous insufficiency, for which was prescribed a ⅞ compression socks (30- 40 mmhg). The neuropathic pain was firstly treated with pregabalin 50 mg/ day and Duloxetine 30 mg/day, showing relevant response. Then, electroneuromyography revealed intermedial dorsal cutaneous nerve injury, being managed with a local block, prepared with 8 ml of 2% Lidocaine and 2 ml of 4 mg Dexamethasone, and a 30 Hz neuromodulation, terminating the pain. Ballistic knowledge is essential to a proper management of gunshots injury. In this case report, the patient suffered a 5.56 caliber rifle injury, a high-velocity gun, resulting in an intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve and the fifth metatarsal lesion. In these injuries, the projectile transfers energy to the affected tissue, expanding and crushing it. This brief expansion creates a subatmospheric pressure resulting in bacterial and foreign material suction into the wound. It is worth to note that gunshot-related injuries in the feet, due to scarce soft tissue, numerous bones and articulations, are more propense to vascular and neural lesions. Although pathophysiological mechanisms of neuropathic pain are not fully understood, it is described post-traumatic peripheral ectopic nerve activity and central sensitization that could help to understand the pain origin. Moreover, coexisting psychological and emotional triggers might be associated with neuropathic pain association. As the electroneuromyography shows, the intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve, the smallest branch of the fibular nerve, was injured at the fifth metatarsal level rising neuropathic pain. In addition, as mentioned above, gunshot injuries might lead to bacterial invasion, triggering the inflammatory response. In this setting, it is important to point out that evidence suggests inflammatory mediators and proinflammatory cytokines as an inductor factor for pain hypersensitivity. Another possible gunshot related etiology that must be considered is lead toxicity in the composition of gun projectiles, which is reportedly associated with neuropathies. For its heterogeneity of etiologies, mechanisms and presentations, it is essential to understand the underlying causes and its consequences to a proper treatment resulting in partial or full pain relief. In this case, the patient was treated with Duloxetine, a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor and first line to treat neuropathic pain, and pregabalin, an anticonvulsant used to inhibit neuronal excitatory transmission. The synergistic action of these drugs is superior compared to monotherapy. Auxiliary, a local block was performed using Lidocaine analgesic, sodium channel blocker, and Dexamethasone, an antiinflammatory corticosteroid, testifying in favor of mechanical and inflammatory pathogenic mechanism originated by the gunshot injury. Finally, it is worth noting that gunshot wounds might give rise to venous insufficiency as a result of vascular injury and must be carefully considered in order to provide the proper treatment, revascularization for exemple. Another possible cause is deep venous thrombosis and leg injury accounts as a risk factor. In this case, it was opted for compression therapy, a conservative treatment, for increased venous return. Concluding that, neuropathic pain is a heterogeneous condition with a limited action mechanism understanding. It is required from the physicians to comprehend the multiple dimensions and main etiology of this disease in order to provide a proper treatment. As gunshots may contribute to the rise of several damage mechanisms, this case report highlights the importance of acknowledging ballistic properties and possibilities wound-related.