Journal articles: 'Nepean'

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Cumming, Suzanne. "The Improvers' Legacy: Environmental Studies of the Hawkesbury." Pacific Conservation Biology 5, no. 2 (1999): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc990157.

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Since European settlement began on the Hawkesbury-Nepean River system in New South Wales, two centuries of exploitation has led to various environmental problems. Despite these problems, the Hawkesbury-Nepean River is one of Australia's most scenic waterways. To maintain and restore the river system for future generations requires a combination of an historic perspective with appropriate scientific knowledge.

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Hine, Alison, and Linda Newman. "Empowering Young Children's Thinking: The Role of the Early Childhood Educator." Australasian Journal of Early Childhood 21, no. 4 (December 1996): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/183693919602100408.

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The purpose of this preliminary investigative paper is to describe how the implications of recent research into young children's thinking has influenced teacher educators at the University of Western Sydney, Nepean (UWS, Nepean) to provide experiential learning and guidance to preservice early childhood educators on how to establish environments that stimulate curiosity and promote thinking. By teaching preservice early childhood educators to analyse, think rationally and creatively, problem-solve and reason, we can foster a better educated tertiary student whose thinking skills will be more effective, and who can initiate such activities in their future educational environments. At the UWS, Nepean students’ metacognitive awareness and perceptions of their own thinking were explored through collaborative, practical activity accompanied by interactive dialogue, thereby establishing ‘communities of inquiry’ in three early childhood subjects. Formative and summative interviews with students, as well as written student reflections indicated that these practices greatly nurtured their creative intellect, further developed their ability to think critically and heightened perception of their own metacognitive capabilities. Students reported that their experiences had encouraged them to use similar thinking skills activities in their own teaching.

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Wong, Jo Y., Paramsothy Jayakumar, and Jon Preston-Thomas. "Evaluation of the computer simulation model NTVPM for assessing military tracked vehicle cross-country mobility." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 5 (April 23, 2018): 1194–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018765504.

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In the United States and some other NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) countries, the NATO Reference Mobility Model is currently used to evaluate military ground vehicle mobility. The module of the NATO Reference Mobility Model for predicting the cross-country performance of military vehicles is empirically based and was developed using test data collected decades ago. The NATO Reference Mobility Model has inherent limitations, such as the uncertainty whether its empirical relations can be extrapolated beyond the test conditions upon which they were derived or whether it can be used for evaluating new-generation military vehicles. This suggests that there is a need for the development of a physics-based model that takes into account the advancements in terramechanics and modelling/simulation techniques. This paper describes the results of a detailed evaluation of a physics-based model – the Nepean Tracked Vehicle Performance Model – for assessing military tracked vehicle cross-country performance. The performance of a notional tracked vehicle (an armoured personnel carrier) predicted by the latest version of the Nepean Tracked Vehicle Performance Model is compared with test data obtained on sandy terrain, muskeg and snow-covered terrain. The correlations between the predicted and measured performance are evaluated using the coefficient of correlation, coefficient of determination, root mean square deviation and coefficient of variation. The applications of the Nepean Tracked Vehicle Performance Model to predicting the maximum possible vehicle speed (speed-made-good) on a given terrain, the sensitivity of vehicle performance to variations in the values of terrain parameters and the mean maximum pressure are demonstrated. The results of this study indicate that the Nepean Tracked Vehicle Performance Model has potential to form the basis for the development of the next-generation cross-country performance assessment methodology for military tracked vehicles.

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Dix, George R., Osman Salad Hersi, and Godfrey S. Nowlan. "The PotsdamBeekmantown Group boundary, Nepean Formation type section (Ottawa, Ontario): a cryptic sequence boundary, not a conformable transition." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 41, no. 8 (August 1, 2004): 897–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e04-040.

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There are two unreconciled interpretations for the age and character of the boundary separating the CambrianOrdovician Potsdam and Beekmantown groups that underlie the Ottawa Embayment in eastern Ontario. These stratal groups consist of interior facies of the central Laurentian Platform. As exposed in the type section of the Nepean Formation (upper Potsdam Group), located in the City of Ottawa, the boundary was previously interpreted to be conformable and of Early Ordovician age. This intepretation was of enormous impact on subsequent regional geology compilations that showed a diachronous boundary across the platform interior. From recent subsurface analysis across eastern Ontario, the contact was interpreted to be disconformable, a sequence boundary separating Late Cambrian and Early Ordovician strata. This paper reexamines the type section. Lithologically, the group boundary should be repositioned downsection by ~1.5 m. The contact now lies coincident with a disconformity that has a paleorelief of < 10 cm. The proposed revision is geologically significant. Previous collections of Early Ordovician conodonts from the type section, used to define the age of what had been interpreted to be upper Potsdam strata, now fall entirely within the lower Beekmantown Group. Nepean (Potsdam) strata exposed in the type section remain undated. Regional correlation of the disconformity across the Laurentian platform suggests that Nepean strata at the type section are likely of Late Cambrian age. There now exists a regionally coherent separation of Cambrian and Ordovician sedimentation patterns in the Ottawa Embayment.

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Grant, T. R. "Current and Historical Occurrence of Platypuses, Ornithorhynchus anatinus, around Sydney." Australian Mammalogy 20, no. 2 (1998): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am98257.

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No formal survey of platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) distribution around the greater Sydney area has previously been carried out. However, using 126 records of 0. anatinus from various sources (Pre-1900 (7), 1900-69 (43), 1970-89 (57), 1990-96 (19)), an assessment of the current and historical occurrence of the species in this area has been made. The species has been observed regularly since European settlement in the upper reaches of the Nepean River and its tributaries above the sites of the current Sydney water storages. Apparently once common in the Nepean River between the current water storages and the Warragamba River junction, the species is now seldom observed in this section of the river. It was previously more common in the lower reaches of the Nepean and upper Hawkesbury Rivers and platypuses are still occasionally recorded in this part of the river system. The species also still occurs upstream of the Lake Yarrunga storage in the Kangaroo River. It is currently found in streams of the Lake Illawarra catchment and the south coast, as far south as Berry, and in the Wollondilly and Coxs Rivers upstream of Lake Burragorang. Platypuses are no longer reported from the streams flowing through the Wollongong metropolitan area. Some recent records exist for the Sydney metropolitan area, but most are from national parks. The river systems around Sydney, Wollongong and their satellite settlements have been severely degraded by a range of human activities since early European settlement. At present it is not possible to attribute changes in 0. anatinus distribution to any single human activity over that period.

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C. Chessman, Bruce, and Simon A. Williams. "Biodiversity and conservation of river macroinvertebrates on an expanding urban fringe: western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology 5, no. 1 (1999): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc990036.

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As in many growing urban areas, the prevention of environmental damage as Sydney spreads westward into the Hawkesbury-Nepean River basin is a major challenge for planners, managers and the local community, We surveyed macroinvertebrates at 45 river and stream sites in April-June 1996, and reviewed data from other sources, in order to assess the issues involved in conservation of the lotic macro invertebrate fauna, Regional richness is high with 443 recorded species and morphospecies, Cluster analysis showed community pattems related mainly to waterway size (separating the Hawkesbury-Nepean River from tributary streams), geology (tributaries on shale or sandstone), tidal intrusion and urbanization (impoverished faunas in urban streams). The ability of genus richness of mites and major insect orders to reflect overall genus richness at a site was limited, and Diptera and Trichoptera appear to have the greatest value as biodiversity predictors. Urban expansion is the major threat to lotic macro invertebrate communities in the region, but agriculture, flow regulation, sand and gravel ex1raction and introduced species have probably also impacted on the fauna, Streams with high conservation value for macroinvertebrates include those few on the Cumberland Plain and surrounding slopes that retain substantial indigenous vegetation in relatively undeveloped catchments. The Hawkesbury-Nepean River sfill harbours a rich faunal community and is also important for conservation, The development of effective strategies for conservation assessment and management is problematic for several reasons, Some species in the region are known to be vulnerable, but the status of most cannot be assessed because of a lack of taxonomic and zoogeographic information, Most "biodiversity indicator" concepts are of dubious value for aquatic macroinvertebrate conservation. A multi-faceted management approach emphasizing subcatchment reserves, riparian restoration and the control of threatening processes is required.

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Raveendra, Kadur Ramamurthy, Jayachandra, Venkatappa Srinivasa, Kadur Raveendra Sushma, Joseph Joshua Allan, Krishnagouda Shankargouda Goudar, Hebbani Nagarajappa Shivaprasad, et al. "An Extract ofGlycyrrhiza glabra(GutGard) Alleviates Symptoms of Functional Dyspepsia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/216970.

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A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of GutGard, an extract ofGlycyrrhiza glabra, in patients with functional dyspepsia. The primary outcome variables of the study were the change in the severity symptoms and the global assessment of efficacy. The quality of life was evaluated as a secondary outcome measure. The patients received either placebo or GutGard (75 mg twice daily) for 30 days. Efficacy was evaluated in terms of change in the severity of symptoms (as measured by 7-point Likert scale), the global assessment of efficacy, and the assessment of quality of life using the short-form Nepean Dyspepsia Index. In comparison with placebo, GutGard showed a significant decrease (P≤.05) in total symptom scores on day 15 and day 30, respectively. Similarly, GutGard showed marked improvement in the global assessment of efficacy in comparison to the placebo. The GutGard group also showed a significant decrease (P≤.05) in the Nepean dyspepsia index on day 15 and 30, respectively, when compared to placebo. GutGard was generally found to be safe and well-tolerated by all patients. GutGard has shown significant efficacy in the management of functional dyspepsia.

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Hopkins, Alyse, Sebastian RA Bowman, Angelo P. Preketes, and Michael B. Dowd. "Triquetral fractures—a retrospective, multi-centre study of management and outcomes." Australasian Journal of Plastic Surgery 3, no. 1 (March 23, 2020): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.34239/ajops.v3n1.161.

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Introduction: This study examines triquetral fracture data from six hospital centres between 2009 and 2018. The study focuses on elements of triquetral fracture management within these six centres, outlining common fracture patterns, the short-term and long-term outcomes and the common mechanisms of injury. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the largest cohort of triquetral fractures studied to date and outlines investigation recommendations for improved identification of these fractures. Methods: Data was obtained by reviewing the charts of patients presenting to emergency departments within the Nepean and Blue Mountains local health district of New South Wales, Australia. (Nepean Hospital ethics approval no: NBM18/805) Results: Triquetral fractures can be hard to identify with radiography and can be commonly mistaken as lunate fractures.12 Our results indicate that 18.9 per cent of patients required CT imaging to correctly diagnose triquetral fracture. Conclusion: Where there are ongoing symptoms and a high clinical suspicion of a triquetral fracture, CT may be indicated and, in future practice, may be justified as a first line imaging modality. This study also demonstrates that short arm-wrist immobilsing casts are an effective option for managing triquetral fractures.

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Grant, T., and G. McDonald. "Instream Flow Requirements for The Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus): High Flows. Studies of Water Transfers from The Shoalhaven River System to The Hawkesbury-Nepean River System." Australian Mammalogy 20, no. 2 (1998): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am98309.

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During periods of low flows into the storages of the Hawkesbury-Nepean River system, Sydney Water pumps water from Lake Yarrunga, a storage at the junction of the Shoalhaven and Kangaroo Rivers. to the Wingecarribee Dam in the southern tablelands of New South Wales. From there it can be released into the upper Nepean River storages and/or the Wingecarribee River, which drains into the Wollondilly River and hence into the stored water behind Warragamba Dam. Prior to the formulation of an operational release strategy for this system, controlled releases of water were made into both the systems. During these releases the effects of flows on bank stability, water birds, benthic organisms and platypus populations and habitat were assessed, and a regime of maximum releases formulated. Potential impact on platypus populations was assessed by determining the height and/or area of bank left available for use by platypuses at the various flows. Subjective assessments were also made of the usable sections of the rivers for foraging at various flows. Broken white water was assumed to be unsuitable for foraging. The various investigations indicated that flows of 400 ML/day during September to March (water bird and platypus breeding and nesting season) and 600 ML/day at other times would have minimal impact on the ecology of the two river systems. Monitoring, studies involving netting and observations of platypuses in the upper Nepean River system indicated that operational releases within the suggested regime between July 1994 and May 1995 may have led to slightly reduced body condition in some animals during the higher flows in the winter of 1994. However the smaller discharges during the latter period of releases did not appear to result in platypuses entering the winter of 1995 in poor condition. Assessment of the usefulness of some sections of the river for foraging indicated that minor adjustments to the higher end of the flow regime may be necessary for future releases and that further monitoring needs to be done. Capture and observational monitoring studies indicated that releases of up to 500 ML/day in the Wingecarribee River between February and June 1995 had no noticeable effect on platypus activity or populations. Further monitoring needs to be done prior to, during and after higher flows and/or for longer periods in the Wingecarribee River.

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Reay, Lizz, and Penny Burns. "The Role of Primary Health Networks and General Practitioners in Disasters: Nepean Blue Mountains Primary Health Network’s Preparedness Guide." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19001481.

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Introduction:Disasters are part of the Australian landscape. Bushfires, floods, cyclones, and drought reoccurring consistently across the continent. Primary Health Networks (PHNs) and general practitioners (GPs) are scattered across Australia and are inevitably involved when disasters strike their local communities. Limited guidance exists to guide their systematic involvement within the broader disaster response system. In October 2013, large bushfires swept through the NSW Blue Mountains. The response was unusual in its inclusion of NSW general practice networks within the response system, most crucially the local (now) Nepean Blue Mountains Primary Health Network (NBMPHN).Methods:The lessons learned by GPs and NBMPHN during the fires highlighted the need for GP preparedness to improve recovery outcomes. This led to the development of a living discussion document “Emergency management: the role of the GP,” created with input from the various GP groups. More recently, a PHN emergency preparedness guide aimed at strengthening communication and formalizing the role of the PHNs and GPs before, during, and after a natural disaster.Results:Clarity and implementation of a process for disaster preparedness have enabled a more proactive and coordinated approach to local emergency management with a distinct role for both the PHN and local GPs when responding to a natural disaster.Discussion:This presentation discusses lessons learned and the preparedness strategy now in place in the Nepean Blue Mountains PHN region, and launches the emergency preparedness guide that can be used and adapted by GPs and other PHNs across Australia.

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Berle, David, and Vladan Starcevic. "Preliminary validation of the Nepean Dysphoria Scale." Australasian Psychiatry 20, no. 4 (July 7, 2012): 322–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856212447966.

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Jawad, Adil, Kristof Mikes-Liu, Christopher Mah, Amgad Elmakki, and Riffat Fatima. "Audit report of physical health examination and baseline investigations on high dependency unit (HDU) and acute ward, Nepean Mental Health Centre, Sydney, Australia." BJPsych Open 7, S1 (June 2021): S328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.863.

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AimsAll patients on High Dependency Unit (HDU) and Acute Ward, Mental Health Centre, Nepean Hospital, were included in a cross-sectional audit on 22nd January 2020. Out of a total of 43 patients admitted on both these wards, 88.4% had baseline blood tests done, but almost half did not have baseline ECG done and 1/3rd did not have a physical examination done. The physical examination on admission on these wards is better than in 2017 & 2018 when half and more than 1/3rd respectively did not have physical examination done.

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Munawar, Hafiz Suliman, Mohammad Mojtahedi, Ahmed W. A. Hammad, Michael J. Ostwald, and S. Travis Waller. "An AI/ML-Based Strategy for Disaster Response and Evacuation of Victims in Aged Care Facilities in the Hawkesbury-Nepean Valley: A Perspective." Buildings 12, no. 1 (January 14, 2022): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12010080.

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The Hawkesbury-Nepean Valley, Australia’s longest coastal catchment, is spanned by a river system of more than 470 km, that runs from Goulburn to Broken Bay, covering a total area of over 2.2 million hectares. This region has remained prone to flood events, with considerable mortalities, economic impacts and infrastructural losses occurring quite regularly. The topography, naturally variable climatic conditions and the ‘bathtub’ effect in the region are responsible for the frequent flood events. In response, the Government at the national/federal, state and local level has focused on the design of efficient flood risk management strategies with appropriate evacuation plans for vulnerable communities from hospitals, schools, childcare and aged care facilities during a flood event. Despite these overarching plans, specialized response and evacuation plans for aged care facilities are critical to reducing the loss incurred by flood events in the region. This is the focus of this present paper, which reviews the history of flood events and responses to them, before examining the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques during flood events to overcome the flood risks. An early flood warning system, based on AI/Machine Learning (ML) strategy is being suggested for a timely decision, enhanced disaster prediction, assessment and response necessary to overcome the flood risks associated with aged care facilities within the Hawkesbury-Nepean region. A framework entailing AI/ML methods for identifying the safest route to the destination using UAV and path planning has been proposed for timely disaster response and evacuation of the residents of aged care facilities.

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Hawkins, W. J., and D. A. Geering. "Water Quality Management – A Total Catchment Management Approach." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0064.

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Water quality standards set in the past have not helped resource managers in the decisions that they face in seeking sustainable development. Resource managers are looking for meaningful information on water quality so as to evaluate the resource, set priorities for action, and to monitor progress. Resource managers need to know how water quality affects, and is affected by, catchment uses and activities. Examples of three wild and scenic rivers, the Nymboida, Murrumbidgee, and Hawkesbury/Nepean River systems, demonstrate how a ‘Total Catchment Management' approach to resource use and resource protection has advantages for water quality management.

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Schwarz, Imogen, and Yuriy Kuleshov. "Flood Vulnerability Assessment and Mapping: A Case Study for Australia’s Hawkesbury-Nepean Catchment." Remote Sensing 14, no. 19 (September 30, 2022): 4894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14194894.

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Floods are one of the most destructive natural hazards to which Australia is exposed. The frequency of extreme rainfall events and consequential floods are projected to increase into the future as a result of anthropogenic climate change. This highlights the need for more holistic risk assessments of flood affected regions. Flood risk assessments (FRAs) are used to inform decision makers and stakeholders when creating mitigation and adaptation strategies for at-risk communities. When assessing flood risk, previous FRAs from Australia’s most flood prone regions were generally focused on the flood hazard itself, and rarely considering flood vulnerability (FV). This study assessed FV in one of Australia’s most flood prone regions—the Hawkesbury-Nepean catchment, and investigated indicator-based approaches as a proxy method for Australian FV assessment instead of hydrological modelling. Four indicators were selected with the intention of representing environmental and socio-economic characteristics: elevation, degree of slope, index of relative socio-economic disadvantage (IRSD), and hydrologic soil groups (HSGs). It was found that combination of low elevation, low degree of slope, low IRSD score, and very-low infiltration soils resulted in very high levels of vulnerability. FV was shown to be at its highest in the Hawkesbury-Nepean valley flood plain region on the outskirts of Greater Western Sydney, particularly in Blacktown, Penrith, and Liverpool. This actionable risk data which resulted from the final FV index supported the practicality and serviceability of the proxy indicator-based approach. The developed methodology for FV assessment is replicable and has the potential to help inform decision makers of flood-prone communities in Australia, particularly in data scarce areas.

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Hubble, T. C. T. "Slope stability analysis of potential bank failure as a result of toe erosion on weir-impounded lakes: an example from the Nepean River, New South Wales, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 55, no. 1 (2004): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf03003.

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The consequences of weirs present on the Upper Nepean River on the long-term slope stability of both vegetated and devegetated riverbanks were investigated using models that account for the reinforcement of bank sediments by tree roots. The effects of the weirs in concert with channel widening and deepening caused by dredging in 1970s and 1980s, as well as natural processes, have turned the Upper Nepean from a small upland river into a series of quiet, narrow lakes, measuring 3–5 m deep, 30–70 m wide and several kilometres long. The surface of these lakes is located currently within the steep mid-bank zone. Wind-generated waves have eroded 1–3-m high scarps in the mid-bank region. These scarps are receding laterally at an average rate of 10 cm per year and this process is gradually undermining and destabilising the upper banks. In contrast, the mass of water impounded by the weirs currently acts to provide lateral support to the banks and improves their stability. Therefore, the existence of the weirs and their impounded lakes has currently both positive and negative effects on bank stability. The retention of the weirs will promote continued erosion at the waterline of the weir lakes that will eventually lead to the destabilisation and collapse of both vegetated and devegetated banks during future large floods. Demolition of the weirs would also lead to a renewed phase of bank failure during future floods as the stabilising effects of the weir lakes on the banks would be removed. The size of eventual failures will be larger and the distribution of such failures probably more widespread if the weirs are retained.

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Shrewsbury, Vanessa A., Sarah P. Garnett, Karen Campbell, Alison Carver, Siranda Torvaldsen, Katharine S. Steinbeck, Chris T. Cowell, and Louise A. Baur. "Maternal Misconceptions of Weight Status among Nepean Adolescents." Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 112, no. 12 (December 2012): 2007–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2012.08.024.

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Dodds, A. A., P. J. Fisher, A. J. Paull, and J. R. Sears. "Developing an Appropriate Wastewater Management Strategy for Sydney's Future Urban Development." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0007.

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Over the next 20 years, Sydney's population is expected to increase by about one million, with most of this growth proposed to be within the already environmentally stressed Hawkesbury-Nepean River catchment. The Water Board is providing infrastructure to the future urban development using a combination of conventional and innovative structural and non-structural solutions within an integrated river basin planning approach. The package of total water resource management initiatives that form the servicing strategy for the first major urban release area is outlined. It is demonstrated that the use of appropriate technologies can be effectively combined with resource management techniques to mitigate the potentially adverse environmental impacts of urban growth.

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White, Graeme L., Paul A. Jones, Alex Hons, Ron Edgar, Mark Suchting, and Chris Burdett. "The New Teaching and Public Access Observatory at the University of Western Sydney, Nepean." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 11, no. 2 (August 1994): 188–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1323358000019871.

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AbstractA grant from the Department of Employment, Education and Training and matching funding from the University of Western Sydney, Nepean, has allowed the construction of a teaching and public access observatory on the University’s Werrington North campus. The observatory consists of a lecture theatre for about 50 students, an office for administration and project/souvenir sales, and an enclosed office for research activities. The 6·5 m dome will house a fork-mounted 0·6 m (24 inch) Ritchey-Chrétien telescope working at f/10. There will also be two outside observation areas for tripod-mounted telescopes. The expected completion date for the entire project is mid-1994.

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Han, Aram, Hyun-Jin Lee, Yun-jae Cho, Chang-Yul Keum, Chae-rim Yoon, Su-hyun Choi, Na-yeon Ha, and Jinsung Kim. "A Case Study of Korean Medical Treatment for Indigestion and Abdominal Pain after Gastrectomy." Journal of Internal Korean Medicine 43, no. 2 (May 31, 2022): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22246/jikm.2022.43.2.201.

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Objective: This case study reports the effects of treating a gastric cancer patient who had undergone gastrectomy with Korean medicine.Methods: After gastrectomy, a 77-year-old female patient received acupuncture, electroacupuncture, herbal medicine (<i>Banhabaekchulchunma-tang</i>, <i>Banhahubak-tang</i>), and moxibustion for one month.Results: After treatment, changes were observed in the patient’s numeric rating scale (from 7 to 2); visual analog scale (from 8.7 to 2.6); Short Form-36 Health Survey scores (physical from 20 to 48 and mental from 14 to 53); Functional Dyspepsia-Related Quality of Life results (from 84 to 41); and Korean Nepean Dyspepsia Index (from 63 to 32).Conclusion: Korean medical treatment for dyspepsia following gastrectomy is worthy of further research.

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Kuruppu, Upeka, and Ataur Rahman. "Trends in water quality data in the Hawkesbury–Nepean River System, Australia." Journal of Water and Climate Change 6, no. 4 (May 7, 2015): 816–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2015.120.

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The Hawkesbury–Nepean River System (HNRS) is one of the most important inland river systems in Australia, which supplies over 90% of Sydney's potable water. In this paper, 25 water quality parameters from nine sampling stations in the HNRS covering a period of 12 years are used to examine the trends in the water quality data in the HNRS. It has been found that there is an overall increasing trend of turbidity, chlorophyll-a, alkalinity, total iron, total aluminium, total manganese and reactive silicate, indicating an overall water quality deterioration in the HNRS during the last decade. The parameters such as phosphorus, suspended solids and ammonical nitrogen do not show any marked change over the period of study. Although an improvement in water quality can be seen at some stations downstream of the undisturbed parts of the catchment, there is a clear trend of increased chemical and physical water quality deterioration at many locations in the HNRS. Better land use planning is recommended to achieve an overall improvement in the water quality of the HNRS in future.

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Cooper, E. "Rouse Hill and Picton Reuse Schemes: innovative approaches to large-scale reuse." Water Supply 3, no. 3 (June 1, 2003): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2003.0007.

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Driven by concerns centred on the potential impacts of new development on the Hawkesbury-Nepean River, the management of effluent from Sewage Treatment Plants is a growing issue for regulators, communities and Sydney Water Corporation. Conventional users of recycled water such as golf courses, parks and on-site uses are making way for more innovative and sustainable approaches. Rouse Hill Recycled Water Plant and the Picton Agricultural Reuse Schemes are two examples where Sydney Water has adopted a different approach to water recycling. With both schemes now in operation, demand for the product has surpassed expectations and has already begun to exceed current availability. Faced with the option of expanding the schemes in the near future, SWC is continuing to look for new ways of providing sustainable water services to the people of Sydney.

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Schwarz, Imogen, Mark Ziegelaar, Matthew Kelly, Andrew B. Watkins, and Yuriy Kuleshov. "Flood Resilience Assessment and Mapping: A Case Study from Australia’s Hawkesbury-Nepean Catchment." Climate 11, no. 2 (February 7, 2023): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli11020039.

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Floods are the most common and costliest natural hazard in Australia. However, the Flood Resilience Assessments (FReAs) employed to manage them lack a focus on adaptive capacity and tend not to be incorporated into established flood risk frameworks. This leaves potential for Australian FReAs to make better use of a methodology which holistically incorporates more accurate flood resilience characterisations into flood risk frameworks. In this study, a FReA and mapping for the Hawkesbury-Nepean Catchment (HNC), a flood-prone region in Australia, were conducted. Nine flood resilience indicators were selected to derive the Flood Resilience Index (FReI). Results demonstrated that Statistical Areas Level 2 (SA2s) on or near the floodplain, located near the eastern border of the HNC, present moderate to very high levels of resilience due to increased socio-economic development and urbanisation in the region. Ultimately, this novel FReI can contribute to knowledge bolstering flood resilience in the HNC, as well as assist in flood risk reduction. Additionally, the developed scalable and replicable methodology can be applied to other flood-prone regions of Australia.

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Recher, H. F., P. A. Hutchings, and S. Rosen. "The biota of the Hawkesbury-Nepean catchment: reconstruction and restoration." Australian Zoologist 29, no. 1-2 (August 1993): 3–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/az.1993.002.

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French, R. "Losing Ground: An Environmental History of the Hawkesbury-Nepean Catchment." Pacific Conservation Biology 3, no. 2 (1997): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc97161a.

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Once upon a time I went to a university which compelled its engineering students to do a few arts subjects to round out their otherwise myopic studies. Being a sensitive-no-attitude-guy, I really wanted to be lovable, and I had remembered the history lecturer told us not simply to quote facts, but interpret them. Five per cent of us tried to do more than simply transcribe the history books, but, for our pains, we got whacked with conceded passes. Anyway, how much history could 19-year-old students learn from a 28-year-old lecturer called Patrick O'Farrell?

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Atkinson, Alan. "Beating the bounds with Lord Sydney, Evan Nepean and others." Australian Historical Studies 25, no. 99 (October 1992): 217–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10314619208595907.

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Simonovski, Jim, Chris Owens, and Gavin Birch2. "Heavy Metals in Sediments of the Upper Hawkesbury-Nepean River." Australian Geographical Studies 41, no. 2 (July 2003): 196–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8470.00205.

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Attwater, Roger, Sandy Booth, Peter Davey, and Alasdair Guthrie. "Opportunities for Stormwater and Wastewater Investment in the Hawkesbury-Nepean." Australasian Journal of Environmental Management 9, no. 3 (January 2002): 169–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14486563.2002.10648557.

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Curthoys, Patricia, and S.Rosen. "Losing Ground: An Environmental History of The Hawkesbury-Nepean Catchment." Labour History, no. 70 (1996): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27516440.

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Ahn, Euijoon, Na Liu, Tej Parekh, Ronak Patel, Tanya Baldacchino, Tracy Mullavey, Amanda Robinson, and Jinman Kim. "A Mobile App and Dashboard for Early Detection of Infectious Disease Outbreaks: Development Study." JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 7, no. 3 (March 9, 2021): e14837. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/14837.

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Background Outbreaks of infectious diseases pose great risks, including hospitalization and death, to public health. Therefore, improving the management of outbreaks is important for preventing widespread infection and mitigating associated risks. Mobile health technology provides new capabilities that can help better capture, monitor, and manage infectious diseases, including the ability to quickly identify potential outbreaks. Objective This study aims to develop a new infectious disease surveillance (IDS) system comprising a mobile app for accurate data capturing and dashboard for better health care planning and decision making. Methods We developed the IDS system using a 2-pronged approach: a literature review on available and similar disease surveillance systems to understand the fundamental requirements and face-to-face interviews to collect specific user requirements from the local public health unit team at the Nepean Hospital, Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, New South Wales, Australia. Results We identified 3 fundamental requirements when designing an electronic IDS system, which are the ability to capture and report outbreak data accurately, completely, and in a timely fashion. We then developed our IDS system based on the workflow, scope, and specific requirements of the public health unit team. We also produced detailed design and requirement guidelines. In our system, the outbreak data are captured and sent from anywhere using a mobile device or a desktop PC (web interface). The data are processed using a client-server architecture and, therefore, can be analyzed in real time. Our dashboard is designed to provide a daily, weekly, monthly, and historical summary of outbreak information, which can be potentially used to develop a future intervention plan. Specific information about certain outbreaks can also be visualized interactively to understand the unique characteristics of emerging infectious diseases. Conclusions We demonstrated the design and development of our IDS system. We suggest that the use of a mobile app and dashboard will simplify the overall data collection, reporting, and analysis processes, thereby improving the public health responses and providing accurate registration of outbreak information. Accurate data reporting and collection are a major step forward in creating a better intervention plan for future outbreaks of infectious diseases.

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Pinto, Uthpala, Basant L. Maheshwari, Surendra Shrestha, and Charles Morris. "Understanding the meaning of river health for a community: perspectives from the peri-urban region of the Hawkesbury–Nepean catchment, Australia." Water Policy 14, no. 5 (June 4, 2012): 766–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2012.074.

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In this study, we explored what river health means to ordinary citizens in the community through a survey of residents (n = 302) living in the peri-urban region of the Hawkesbury–Nepean River catchment in south-east Australia. Community responses concerning the meaning of river health included explanations that were simple and used everyday words but integrated a number of perspectives of the river as a natural and community resource which have often been lacking in descriptions pursued by experts and government agencies. A considerable proportion of participants surveyed related river health to its ecological integrity, visual appeal, hydrologic balance and ability to serve the community. The description of river health was not really affected by participants' age, gender or the distance they live from the river. The study provides a number of insights that can assist in the engagement of communities in future river monitoring and management programmes.

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Conrad, P. "Groin-to-Knee Downward Stripping of the Long Saphenous Vein." Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 7, no. 1 (March 1992): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026835559200700105.

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Objective: To demonstrate the safety and efficacy of downward stripping of the long saphenous vein. Design: Retrospective study in a series of patients treated surgically by the author. Setting: Department of Surgery, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, Australia. Patients: Patients presenting with clinical signs and symptoms of varicose veins attributable to sapheno-femoral incompetence. Interventions: Patients underwent flush sapheno-femoral ligation with stripping of the long saphenous vein using a downward stripping of the long saphenous vein between the groin and knee. Main outcome measures: Cosmetic appearance of the limb and presence or absence of neurological disturbance suggestive of injury to the saphenous nerve. Results: Satisfactory healing of all wounds was found. Good aesthetic results and no neurological complication was encountered. Conclusion: Groin to knee downward stripping of the long saphenous vein provides a safe and effective method for managing varices of the long saphenous vein.

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Nanson, G. C., and R. W. Young. "Comparison of Thermoluminescence and Radiocarbon Age-Determinations from Late-Pleistocene Alluvial Deposits Near Sydney, Australia." Quaternary Research 27, no. 3 (May 1987): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(87)90082-2.

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AbstractRadiocarbon and thermoluminescence (TL) age-determinations have been obtained for a large Pleistocene alluvial terrace on the Nepean River near Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The deposit was laid down by a braided river system prior to the last glacial maximum. Six thoroughly pretreated samples of charcoal and degraded wood buried within gravels at the base of the terrace yielded apparent 14C ages of ∼37,000–42,000 yr B.P. These compare favorably with four TL determinations that gave apparent ages of ∼41,000–47,000 yr B.P. for the same deposit. Adjustment of the 14C ages to take geomagnetic effects into account further improves the correlation between these two independent dating techniques. In addition, 14C and TL correctly identified a reworked portion of the fine-grained alluvial overburden as being substantially younger than the main body of the terrace. These results augur well for the usefulness of TL age determinations of certain alluvial deposits.

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Talley, Haque, Wyeth, Stace, Tytgat, Stanghellini, Holtmann, Verlinden, and Jones. "Development of a new dyspepsia impact scale: the Nepean Dyspepsia Index." Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 13, no. 2 (February 1999): 225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.1999.00445.x.

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Reinfelds, Ivars V., Helen Keenan, and Christopher T. Walsh. "Fish passage modelling for environmental flows: Hawkesbury‐Nepean River, NSW, Australia." River Research and Applications 36, no. 4 (May 24, 2019): 595–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.3445.

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Conrad, P. "Endoscopic Exploration of the Subfascial Space of the Lower Leg with Perforator Vein Interruption Using Laparoscopic Equipment: A Preliminary Report." Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 9, no. 4 (December 1994): 154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026835559400900405.

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Objective: To describe a method of endoscopic exploration of the medial subfascial space of the lower leg using laparoscopic equipment and dividing incompetent perforating veins crossing this space with diathermy. Design: Prospective study in seven patients with significant perforating vein incompetence in the medial lower leg. Setting: Department of Surgery, Nepean Hospital, New South Wales, Australia. Intervention: Laparoscopic equipment is used to explore endoscopically the medial subfascial space of the lower leg. Incompetent perforating veins preoperatively marked by duplex examination are identified and divided by endoscopic diathermy. Main outcome measures: The endoscopic division close to their source from the deep veins of incompetent perforating veins of the medial compartment of the lower leg. Results: Endoscopic interruption of incompetent perforators in the medial compartments of seven legs achieved with minimal morbidity. Conclusions: Endoscopic diathermy interruption of incompetent perforators in the medial compartment of the lower leg using laparoscopic equipment is a rapid and accurate procedure with minimal morbidity, as shown in a small series of seven legs.

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Crowe, B. L., D. M. Hailey, and M. De Silva. "Teleradiology at a children's hospital: a pilot study." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 2, no. 4 (December 1, 1996): 210–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/1357633961930095.

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A pilot teleradiology project was conducted between the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children in Camperdown, central Sydney, and Nepean Hospital in Penrith, about 48 km away. Over three months 575 paediatric radiographs were transmitted at full resolution. The results demonstrated that it was possible to transmit paediatric chest images of diagnostic quality in a reliable and secure manner. Mean transmission time per image was 3.26 min using ISDN, which was considered to be acceptable. Costs were calculated in terms of transmission, equipment, maintenance and staff components. The cost per image transmitted would vary from A 80 for 2500 images per year to A 34 for 10,000 images per year. The experience of the pilot study suggested that more widespread introduction of high-quality paediatric telemedicine in Australia would be feasible. Adoption of the technique would have major implications for paediatric health care, including potential improvements in patient management due to quicker diagnosis and earlier intervention, and potential savings through avoiding transfer of some emergency cases.

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Paciuszkiewicz, Kasjan, Michelle Ryan, Ian A. Wright, and Jason K. Reynolds. "Variations in Illicit Compound Discharged from Treated Wastewater." Water 11, no. 5 (May 23, 2019): 1071. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11051071.

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The detection and monitoring of illicit drug concentrations in environmental waters is of increasing interest. This study aimed to determine if illicit and regulated compounds, their potential pre-cursors, and metabolites varied in amount discharged into the environment from treated wastewater at different facilities. Water samples were taken from discharge points of four different tertiary wastewater treatment plants discharging directly into the Hawkesbury-Nepean River (Australia) on two different occasions and analysed to determine the concentrations of compounds including: ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, amphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, methamphetamine, cocaine, and benzoylecgonine. Here, we show that detectable levels of illicit drug and metabolites are being emitted on a consistent basis after having persisted through the wastewater treatment process. The concentrations of methamphetamine are in excess of previously reported surface water concentrations. The estimated total load of compounds being discharged on a daily basis is greater than similar sized catchment areas. The results presented here are of concern from both an ecological and human health perspective.

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Jawad, Adil, Kristof Mikes-Liu, Christopher Mah, and Khyati Roy. "Audit of high dose antipsychotics (HDA) prescribing on high dependency unit (HDU) and acute ward, Nepean Mental Health Centre, Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, Sydney, Australia." BJPsych Open 7, S1 (June 2021): S328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.862.

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AimsTo measure the rate of patients receiving high dosage antipsychotics.To review the adherence to maximum recommended doses of antipsychotics as per the product information approved by Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration, product information approved by Medsafe (the New Zealand Medicines and Medical Devices Safety Authority) and Therapeutic Guidelines (Psychotropic Writing Group, 2013)BackgroundHigh dose antipsychotics or combination of antipsychotics are associated with significant adverse effects including QTc prolongation, arrhythmias, sudden cardiac death, seizures, increased incidence and severity of adverse effects, longer hospital stay and possibly increased mortality. High dose antipsychotic prescribing may arise as a result of EITHER single antipsychotic drug prescribed at a daily dose above the recommended limit (High Dose single drug) OR More than one antipsychotic prescribed concurrently where the sum of doses given expressed as a percentage of the SPC maximum of each drug exceeds 100% (High-Dose through the prescribing of multiple drugs).MethodThe data were gathered from all the drug charts for all patients admitted to HDU and Acute ward on 9th April 2019. The Audit standards were 1) Individual antipsychotic dose should be within recommended limit as 100% and 2) Combined antipsychotics should be within recommended limit as 100%ResultTotal number of patients on both the HDU and Acute wards = 33Total number of patients on antipsychotics = 30Number of patients on > 100% of recommended cumulative dosage = 13/30 = 43.3%Number of patients on > 100% maximum limits of regular antipsychotics = 3 = 10%Number of patients on > 100% maximum limits of PRN antipsychotics = 0/30Number of patients on 2 antipsychotic = 18/30 = 60%Number of patients on 3 antipsychotic = 8/30 = 26.6%Number of patients on 4 antipsychotic = 2/30 = 6.6%ConclusionOut of the 30 patients on antipsychotics, almost half were on more than 100% of the recommended cumulative maximum limits of antipsychotics doses, almost 2/3rds were on 2 or more antipsychotic and a quarter on 3 or more. This can be associated with significant adverse effects including QTc prolongation, arrhythmias, sudden cardiac death, seizures, increased incidence and severity of adverse effects, longer hospital stay and possibly increased mortality. There is a need to review PRN antipsychotics prescribed as a norm, clear documentation and need for a protocol for increased vital sign monitoring for patients on high dose antipsychotic treatment.

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Kelly, Matthew, and Yuriy Kuleshov. "Flood Hazard Assessment and Mapping: A Case Study from Australia’s Hawkesbury-Nepean Catchment." Sensors 22, no. 16 (August 19, 2022): 6251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22166251.

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Floods are among the costliest natural hazards, in Australia and globally. In this study, we used an indicator-based method to assess flood hazard risk in Australia’s Hawkesbury-Nepean catchment (HNC). Australian flood risk assessments are typically spatially constrained through the common use of resource-intensive flood modelling. The large spatial scale of this study area is the primary element of novelty in this research. The indicators of maximum 3-day precipitation (M3DP), distance to river—elevation weighted (DREW), and soil moisture (SM) were used to create the final Flood Hazard Index (FHI). The 17–26 March 2021 flood event in the HNC was used as a case study. It was found that almost 85% of the HNC was classified by the FHI at ‘severe’ or ‘extreme’ level, illustrating the extremity of the studied event. The urbanised floodplain area in the central-east of the HNC had the highest FHI values. Conversely, regions along the western border of the catchment had the lowest flood hazard risk. The DREW indicator strongly correlated with the FHI. The M3DP indicator displayed strong trends of extreme rainfall totals increasing towards the eastern catchment border. The SM indicator was highly variable, but featured extreme values in conservation areas of the HNC. This study introduces a method of large-scale proxy flood hazard assessment that is novel in an Australian context. A proof-of-concept methodology of flood hazard assessment developed for the HNC is replicable and could be applied to other flood-prone areas elsewhere.

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Ziegelaar, Mark, and Yuriy Kuleshov. "Flood Exposure Assessment and Mapping: A Case Study for Australia’s Hawkesbury-Nepean Catchment." Hydrology 9, no. 11 (October 29, 2022): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology9110193.

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Floods are the most common and costliest natural disaster in Australia. However, the Flood Risk Assessments (FRAs) employed to manage them are hazard-focused and tend to overlook exposure and vulnerability. This leaves potential for Australian FRAs to make better use of a technique which holistically incorporates all three flood risk components. In this study, flood exposure assessment and mapping for the Hawkesbury-Nepean Catchment (HNC), a flood-prone region in Australia, was conducted. Three flood exposure indicators—population density, land use type, and critical infrastructure density—were selected to derive the flood exposure index (FEI). Results demonstrated that Statistical Areas Level 2 (SA2s) on or near the floodplain, located near the eastern border of the HNC, are severely or extremely flood-exposed due to the significant presence of flood-exposed assets such as hospitals or police stations. The Wahroonga (West)—Waitara SA2 was the most exposed SA2 in the catchment (extreme exposure). This was followed by the Acacia Gardens, Glendenning—Dean Park, and Cambridge Park SA2s (all severely exposed). The Goulburn SA2 was also identified as severely flood-exposed even though it remains outside of the floodplain. This is due to its many exposed assets as Australia’s first inland town. All selected indicators were found to either strongly or moderately positively correlate with the FEI. Ultimately, this novel FEI can assist in the reduction of flood risk in the HNC, as well as foster community resilience strategies. Additionally, the developed scalable and replicable methodology can be applied to other flood-prone regions of Australia.

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Kelly, Matthew, Imogen Schwarz, Mark Ziegelaar, Andrew B. Watkins, and Yuriy Kuleshov. "Flood Risk Assessment and Mapping: A Case Study from Australia’s Hawkesbury-Nepean Catchment." Hydrology 10, no. 2 (January 17, 2023): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology10020026.

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Floods are the most common and costliest natural disaster in Australia. Australian flood risk assessments (FRAs) are mostly conducted on relatively small scales using modelling outputs. The aim of this study was to develop a novel approach of index-based analysis using a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method for FRA on a large spatial domain. The selected case study area was the Hawkesbury-Nepean Catchment (HNC) in New South Wales, which is historically one of the most flood-prone regions of Australia. The HNC’s high flood risk was made distinctly clear during recent significant flood events in 2021 and 2022. Using a MCDM method, an overall Flood Risk Index (FRI) for the HNC was calculated based on flood hazard, flood exposure, and flood vulnerability indices. Inputs for the indices were selected to ensure that they are scalable and replicable, allowing them to be applied elsewhere for future flood management plans. The results of this study demonstrate that the HNC displays high flood risk, especially on its urbanised floodplain. For the examined March 2021 flood event, the HNC was found to have over 73% (or over 15,900 km2) of its area at ‘Severe’ or ‘Extreme’ flood risk. Validating the developed FRI for correspondence to actual flooding observations during the March 2021 flood event using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) statistical test, a value of 0.803 was obtained (i.e., very good). The developed proof-of-concept methodology for flood risk assessment on a large spatial scale has the potential to be used as a framework for further index-based FRA approaches.

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Turner, L. M., and W. D. Erskine. "Morphometry and stratification of the Bents Basin scour pool, Nepean River, NSW." Wetlands Australia 17, no. 1 (January 23, 2010): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31646/wa.183.

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Deshpande, G., V. Shingde, L. Downe, M. Leroi, and J. Xiao. "1382 Introducing Routine Probiotics for Preterm Neonates - Nepean Hospital Sydney Australia Approach." Archives of Disease in Childhood 97, Suppl 2 (October 1, 2012): A393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2012-302724.1382.

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Brakoulias, Vlasios, Vladan Starcevic, Denise Milicevic, Anthony Hannan, Kirupamani Viswasam, and Christopher Brown. "The Nepean Belief Scale: preliminary reliability and validity in obsessive–compulsive disorder." International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice 22, no. 2 (September 8, 2017): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13651501.2017.1374413.

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Brien, M. E., and V. M. McCartan. "Creation of an occupational therapy role in intensive care at Nepean Hospital." Australian Critical Care 12, no. 3 (September 1999): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1036-7314(99)70591-6.

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D'Agostino, A., E. Manganelli, A. Aportone, M. Rossi Monti, and V. Starcevic. "Psychometric Properties of the Italian Version of the Nepean Dysphoria Scale (Nds)." European Psychiatry 30 (March 2015): 674. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(15)30534-4.

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Sedaghat, Negin, Janice Mondy, Guy D. Eslick, and Michael R. Cox. "Exposure of Medical Students to Surgery: The Nepean Summer Vacation Surgical Program." Journal of Surgical Education 69, no. 5 (September 2012): 580–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsurg.2012.06.003.

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Brunton, V., and D. Fahey. "SPECIFICATIONS FOR COMPOSTED SOIL CONDITIONER FOR THE HAWKESBURY NEPEAN RIVER RECOVERY PROJECT." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1018 (January 2014): 481–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2014.1018.53.

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Qin, D., I. H. Fisher, and S. Maheswaran. "Modelling Nepean River water quality due to proposed effluent and dam releases." Environment International 21, no. 5 (January 1995): 591–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-4120(95)00062-p.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Nepean'

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