Academic literature on the topic 'Nepean River Watershed'
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Journal articles on the topic "Nepean River Watershed"
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Tamrakar, Naresh Kazi, and Ramita Bajracharya. "Basinal and planform characteristics of the Kodku and the Godavari Rivers, Kathmandu, Central Nepal." Bulletin of the Department of Geology 15 (January 21, 2013): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bdg.v15i0.7414.
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The rivers of the Kathmandu Basin are vulnerable to flash floods and disturbances caused by anthropogenic as well as climatic changes. Two southern tributaries of the Bagmati River: the Kodku and the Godavari Rivers, have been considered for their (i) watershed-scale geomorphic parameters such as relative relief, drainage texture and stream order, (ii) stretchscale planform parameters such as sinuosity (K), meander belt width (Wblt), meander wavelength (Lm) and radius of curvature (Rc), and (ii) longitudinal profiles and slopes. Both Kodku and the Godavari Rivers are elongate basins with wide ranges of the watershed-scale parameters. The Godavari River is longer, larger and more sinuous compared to the Kodku River. The development of the patterns of the fifth order main stem stretches of both rivers with respect to the stream slopes, and asymmetric patterns of the meander loops indicate anomalous growth of the river stretches. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bdg.v15i0.7414 Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Vol. 15, 2012, pp. 15-22
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Pandey, Vishnu Prasad, Dibesh Shrestha, Mina Adhikari, and Shristi Shakya. "Streamflow Alterations, Attributions, and Implications in Extended East Rapti Watershed, Central-Southern Nepal." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (May 8, 2020): 3829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093829.
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Streamflow alteration and subsequent change in long-term average, seasonality, and extremes (e.g., floods and droughts) may affect water security, which is a major concern in many watersheds across the globe. Both climatic and anthropogenic activities may contribute to such changes. Therefore, this study assesses: (i) Streamflow and precipitation trends to identify streamflow alterations in the Extended East Rapti (EER) watershed in central-southern Nepal; (ii) relationship of the alterations to climatic and anthropogenic sources; and (iii) implications of streamflow changes to the socio-environmental system. The trends in streamflow were analyzed for pre-and post-1990 periods considering the abrupt shift in temperature trend in 1990. Results showed a general decreasing trends in discharge post-1990 in the EER watershed. Human activities have significantly contributed in altering streamflow in the EER. Human-induced streamflow alterations have affected the water availability, food security, river health, aquatic biodiversity, and groundwater abstraction in the EER watershed.
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Tamang, Niraj Bal, Naresh Kazi Tamrakar, Milan Magar, and Mahesh Raut. "Fluvial morphology and sediment transport of the Malekhu Khola, Central Nepal Lesser Himalaya." Bulletin of the Department of Geology 18 (January 23, 2017): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bdg.v18i0.16455.
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Areas near the rivers and streams have been widely used for settlement, development works and agriculture due to availability of the resources such as water, aggregates and comparatively easier terrain. It is very important to understand prevailing fluvial conditions for sustainable output. The fluvial conditions of the Malekhu Watershed including the river characteristics, sediment transport and sediment dynamics were studied. Ten river transects and the corresponding segments of the Malekhu Khola were surveyed for cross-sections and longitudinal profiles. Samples were collected in each of the transects and were analysed for suspended sediment concentration. The riverbed sampling was made using Wolman’s pebble count for establishing grain size distribution. Manning’s roughness coefficients were determined to estimate discharge. The study shows that the Malekhu Khola is a sixth order stream. It has been classified into A4-, B4- and C4-type streams. The hypsometric analysis of the Malekhu Watershed shows that it is in mature stage of erosion. Sediment grain size slightly increases downstream but sorting remains extremely poor to moderately poor. The Malekhu Khola shows eroding tendency at 1.2 km, 16.6 km and 20 km from the origin and brings larger particles only during high flow period at the remaining transects. Mean Suspended Sediment Concentrations (SSC) for the Malekhu Khola was 72.14 mg/L, and it increases with increasing discharge and increasing watershed area and is related to velocity of the river, mining activities and local tributaries.Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Vol. 18, 2015, pp. 35-48
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Tamang, Niraj Bal, and Naresh Kazi Tamrakar. "Morphology and dynamics of the Malekhu Khola, Dhading district, central Nepal." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 50, no. 1 (December 21, 2016): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v50i1.22873.
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Rivers have always been an indispensable part of the human civilization. They play a vital role in daily life purposes to big engineering constructions such as dams, reservoirs or hydropower projects. It is mandatory to understand the morphology and dynamics of the river before initiating any projects for easier planning and to prevent possible damage to structures. The Malekhu Khola area is one of the potential areas for urbanization and has already been undergoing development of settlement and other infrastructures. This paper describes the morphology and dynamics of the Malekhu Khola to classify and characterize the river's behavior and competency. The Malekhu Khola is a sixth-order river having its total length of 24.83 km, watershed area of 101.28 km2 and the average gradient of 0.041 m/m. Various morphological parameters were measured with the aid of topographic maps, aerial photographs and Geographic Information System (GIS). The hydraulic parameters, channel sediment and slopes were measured at 10 different transects sites through field surveys. The river was classified using the Rosgen's Level II criteria. The river reaches have been classified as A4-, B4- and C4-type streams. A4- and B4-type streams are moderate-gradient gravelly and low sinuosity rivers whereas C4-type streams are low-gradient gravelly meandering river. The Malekhu Khola gradually changes from A4- to B4-type streams up to 12 km downstream, and then to C4-type stream further downstream, but B4-type streams reappear within the distance of 15 km to 19 km from the origin. This study presents temporal changes in river channel, and flow competence and aggrading/degrading potential evaluation of the Malekhu Khola.
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Paudel, Shambhu, Prabhat Pal, and Harish Singh Dhami. "Restructuring Integrated Watershed Management Models for the Federal Democratic Regime of Nepal." Journal of Forest and Natural Resource Management 1, no. 1 (February 10, 2019): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfnrm.v1i1.22654.
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Recent political envision has redesigned the administrative units of Nepal into federal states with the aim of decentralizing the power to ensure the process of rapid sustainable development. As a consequence, all the public service agencies need to restructure their delivery units for achieving goals targeted by the newly adopted administrative regime plan. With the aim of recommending the best watershed management models for this changing context, this paper aims to review existing watershed management models applied in different continents like European union, African union and the United States where they have already adopted this watershed management plans into their federal states or countries union successfully. Although they are geographically distinct and economically advanced, the major approach adopted is a river basin approach with the clear legislative framework. This approach is highly succeeded between interstate (or between member countries) because of political or interstate commitments for the common pool resource water. Clear policies and commitments between member countries or interstate greatly improved the function of this mechanism. With the light of those experiences in the field of watershed management plan adopted in federal or union countries, river based integrated management plan balancing efforts between interstates seems best models in the world, and is also proposed for the new federal republic of Nepal.
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Dahal, Ngamindra, Uttam Shrestha, Anita Tuitui, and Hemant Ojha. "Temporal Changes in Precipitation and Temperature and their Implications on the Streamflow of Rosi River, Central Nepal." Climate 7, no. 1 (December 28, 2018): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli7010003.
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Nepal has experienced recent changes in two crucial climatic variables: temperature and precipitation. Therefore, climate-induced water security concerns have now become more pronounced in Nepal as changes in temperature and precipitation have already altered some hydrological processes such as the river runoff in some river systems. However, the linkage between precipitation patterns and streamflow characteristics are poorly understood, especially in small rivers. We analysed the temporal trends of temperature, precipitation, and extreme indices of wet and dry spells in the Rosi watershed in Central Nepal, and observed the temporal patterns of the streamflow of the Rosi river. We also examined the linkages between the average and extreme climate indices and streamflow. We found that the area has warmed up by an average of 0.03 °C/year, and has seen a significant decline in precipitation. The dry spell as represented by the maximum length of the dry spell (CDD) and the magnitude of dryness (AII) has become more pronounced, while the wet spell as represented by the number of heavy rainfall days (R5D) and the precipitation intensity on wet days (SDII) has diminished significantly. Our analysis shows that recent changes in precipitation patterns have affected the streamflow of the Rosi river, as manifested in the observed decline in annual and seasonal streamflows. The decrease in the availability of water in the river is likely to have severe consequences for water security in the area.
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Tamrakar, Naresh Kazi, and Dharmendra Khakurel. "Lithologic and morphometric characteristics of the Chure River Basin, Central Nepal." Bulletin of the Department of Geology 15 (January 21, 2013): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bdg.v15i0.7416.
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The Chure River Basin (CRB) is a small basin (width 5.75 km, length 9.74 km, perimeter 32.35 km and area 35.23 km2) with three sub-watersheds, and is crossed by the Tribhuvan Highway that may be threatened by riverine and allied processes. The geology and morphometry of the basin were studied to search for status of the basin development andriver dynamism. The Chure River is a sixth order river fed by rainstorm, and has length ratio of 2.79, indicating nearly three times the average length of its fifth order segment, showing notable competency. The mean bifurcation ratio of the Chure River is 3.20, showing immature nature of the CRB. Drainage texture (DT) varies from moderate (0.64–0.96) to very fine (0–0.32). The Chure River is sinuous (K =1.18).The relative relief (RR) is moderately low (15–30) to moderately high (120–240) and dissection index (DI) is moderate (0.2–0.3) to high (0.3–0.4). The CRB carries varied lithology; gravelly to coarse sandy and medium sandy and muddy, from the north to the south extension of the basin. Fine to very fine DT found in large areas because of loosely consolidated and soft lithology. Even where rocks are stiff, the presence of discontinuity has perhaps influenced the DT. Very fine to fine DT coupled with elongate nature of the basin (as indicated by low value of form factor, 0.37) is vulnerable to greater competency of the river during high rainfall.RR slope and DI are found to be high in the cliff- forming lithology (stiff and well cemented), and low in other areas. High dissection, high slopes and high relief show active and immature nature of the CRB, indicating susceptibility of further incision of the Siwalik Hills and aggravation of erosion and slope movements by the immature rivers in the CRB. Presence of knick points along the river profile reflects affinity of the river to incision. The sinuosity, radius of curvature, and bifurcation ratio, all indicate immaturity of the basin. The hypsometric analysis indicates inverse relationship between the elevation and the cumulative %area, showing active erosional condition of the basin. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bdg.v15i0.7416 Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Vol. 15, 2012, pp. 35-48
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Tamrakar, Naresh Kazi, Ramita Bajracharya, Ishwor Thapa, Sudarshon Sapkota, and Prem Nath Paudel. "Morpho-hydrologic parameters and classification of the Kodku River for stream stability assessment, southern Kathmandu, Central Nepal." Bulletin of the Department of Geology 16 (October 11, 2013): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bdg.v16i0.8880.
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The Kodku River Corridor is one of the most potential corridors for future development of roads that would link the southern remote areas of the Kathmandu Valley to the inner core areas. River stability is of great concern as the unstable segment of river may pose threat on infrastructures, and adjacent cultivated lands and settlement areas. In this light, the preliminary assessment of the Kodku River as a part of the stability assessment was undertaken. The broad level geomorphic and hydrologic parameters, and Level I and II classifications of the river were made to assess for stability condition.The Kodku River is a fifth order stream, extending for about 15.86 km and its watershed covering an area of 35.67 sq. km. The relative relief is extremely high to low, and diminishes with change of landforms from steep terrain in the southern part to the gentle sloped terraces in the northern part of the watershed. Drainage texture is fine to very coarse, from the southern to the norther parts of the watershed. All the stream segments are sinuous (K = 1.2) whereas the Arubot Segment is the highly meandering (1.7). Both meander wavelength and belt width increase with increasing stream order. Five types of valleys have been distinguished; I, II, IV, VI, and VIII type valleys. Based on valley type distribution, channel pattern, shape and channel slope, the stream segments have been classified using Level I assessment as ‘B’ type, ‘C’ type and ‘Aa+’ type streams. The ‘B’ type streams are all located in the third order segment. Except the ‘Aa+’ type stream, all the fifth and fourth order stream segments belong to ‘C’ type streams. Width/Depth ratio varying between 10.5 and 29.5 indicates laterally unstable channel segments. The bank height ratio, which varies between 1.6 and 2.4, indicates moderate incision and shows vertical instability of streams. The Badikhel Segment is relatively more entrenched (1.7) while the Taukhel Segment is the least entrenched (7.1). Since Entrenchment Ratio exceeds 1.6, the stream segments are considered to have moderate to low entrenchment. Based on the bed material load, the Kodku River is a gravelly mixed-load river, in which pebbles to silt/clay occur. Level II classification distinguishes three-types of streams; ‘B4c” type (Badikhel Segment), ‘C6c’ type (Taukhel Segment), and ‘C4c” type (Arubot, Thaiba and Harisidhi Segments). The ‘B4c’ type stream has tendency of vertical instability. The ‘C6c” and ‘C4c” type streams have shallow and wide meandering channels with well developed flood plains and lateral bars, and reflect tendency of lateral instability.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bdg.v16i0.8880 Bulletin of the Department of Geology Vol. 16, 2013, pp. 1–20
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Ha, S. R., and D. Pokhrel. "Water quality management planning zone development by introducing a GIS tool in Kathmandu valley, Nepal." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 7 (October 1, 2001): 209–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0427.
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This research was conducted to identify the critical pollution (BOD, TN, TP) areas and to develop the priority mitigation zone for the Bagmati River pollution in the Kathmandu valley, Nepal. A GIS tool was used to define and identify the critical pollution areas and sources. Pollution source information such as population, livestock, industry and land use were collected on the basis of the individual village boundary. The industrial, land use and living pollution were aggregated by the GIS overlay analysis capability to obtain the combined pollution load within the watershed. Priority areas for the mitigation of the pollution were defined considering the pollution loading rate, distance of stream from pollution source, and political, religious, and touristic values of the area. This research noticed that Kathmandu, Lalitpur and Bhaktapur municipalities are the major polluting areas and living beings are the major factors of Bagmati River pollution. Delivery ratio for the watershed was found to vary from 40-69% for BOD and nitrogen but the delivery of phosphorus was exceptionally high (92% at Gaurighat and 77% at Chovar) due to cremation activity of the Hindu religion on the riverbanks. Thus, the priority areas for the mitigation of the carbonaceous and nutrient source pollution were identified. At present the land use and industry impaired a very low contribution compared to the huge pollution load from the municipalities to the river system.
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Sah, Kamal, and Sushil Lamichhane. "GIS and Remote Sensing Supported Soil Erosion Assessment of Kamala River Watershed, Sindhuli, Nepal." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 7, no. 1 (March 26, 2019): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v7i1.23307.
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This study analysed the situation of water-induced soil erosion in Kamala River watershed of Sindhuli, Nepal covering 23,194.33 hectares of land, extending from 85°58'11.6"E to 86°18'16.8"E longitude and 26°56'45.9"N to 27°5'44.4"N latitude. Revised universal soil loss equation was applied in GIS environment using the satellite-based data, field measurements, surveys and lab analysis. R factor predicted from the average annual precipitation. K factor based on the soil texture and organic carbon content. LS factors derived from the DEM of 20m resolution. C factor derived from the NDVI value extracted from Landsat 8 OLI imagery of the pre-monsoon season. P factor assigned according to the land cover of the study area. The study explored the massive diversity of erosion rates even within the narrow span of a landscape in the Churia range of the Himalayan foothills. As predisposed by the diversity of terrain and vegetation cover, and aggravated further by the dominance of silts in the texture of soils, soil erosion rate has been found to vary and noticeably occur in higher ranges of severity. Overall, total potential of soil loss in the watershed was 1.460 million tons/ year, out of which only 0.297 million tons of soil was estimated to be actually eroded from the watershed in the existing conditions. Conservation measures are advisable in the areas having severe soil loss. The resulting soil erosion rate map can be a guideline for developing sustainable land management strategy in the concerned and similar lower foothills of Himalayan mountain landscapes.
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 7(1): 54-61
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nepean River Watershed"
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Darbas, Toni School of Science & Technology Studies UNSW. "Democracy, consultation and socio-environmental degradation : diagnostic insights from the Western Sydney/Hawkesbury-Nepean region." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Science and Technology Studies, 2002. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/19281.
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The use of community consultation to address socio-environmental degradation is entwined with contested democratic principles polarising views of its role. I frame this problem by examining three democratic paradigms faced with two contemporary problems. The deliberative argument that preferences require enrichment with debate mediates between the liberal-aggregative view that preferences are individual, private and amenable to aggregation and the view that participation in public life is foundational. Viewing consultation as deliberative reconciles the liberal-aggregative view of consultation as the illegitimate elevation of unrepresentative minority groups with the participationist view that consultation constitutes a step towards participatory democracy. Theorists of social reflexivity, however, point to an elided politics of knowledge challenging technoscience's exemption from politically garnered consent. Also neglected by much democratic theory is how functional differentiation renders self-referential legal, political, technoscientific and administrative domains increasingly unaccountable. I employ Habermas' procedural theory that public spheres allow social irritations into the political domain where they can be encoded into laws capable of systemic interjection in response, along with a dialogic extension accommodating the politics of knowledge. I then use this procedural-dialogic deliberative understanding of democracy to elucidate the context and outcomes of the NSW State's consultative strategy. The NSW state, institutionally compelled to underwrite economic growth, implicating itself in that growth's socio-environmental side effects provoking widespread contestation. The resulting Environmental Planning and Assessment Act (1979) and its adjunctive consultative provisions helped highlight the socio-environmental degradation of the Hawkesbury Nepean River Catchment via Western Sydney's urban sprawl, politicising the region. The convenement of a consultative forum to oversee a contaminated site audit within the region facilitated incisive lay critique of the technoscientific underpinnings of administrative underwriting of socio-environmental degradation. The discomforted NSW State tightened environmental policy, gutted the EP&A Act's consultative provisions and removed regional dialogic forums and institutions. I conclude that the socio-economic accord equating economic growth with social progress is both entrenched and besieged, destabilising the political/administrative/technoscientific regime built upon it. This withdrawal of avenues for critique risks deeper estrangement between reflexive society and the NSW State generative of electoral volatility.
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Bogati, Rabin. "A simulation model to assess the hydrologic perforance of the Tinau watershed, Nepal." 1986. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_1986_244_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
Full textBooks on the topic "Nepean River Watershed"
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Shrestha, Tirtha Bahadur. Development ecology of the Arun River basin in Nepal. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, 1989.
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Dunsmore, John R. Mountain environmental management in the Arun River basin of Nepal. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, 1988.
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Workshop on Koshi River Basin Management (2007 Kathmandu, Nepal). Proceedings of the Workshop on Koshi River Basin Management: Kathmandu, Nepal, January 3, 2007. Kathmandu: WWF Nepal, 2007.
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Colopy, Cheryl. Dirty, Sacred Rivers. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199845019.001.0001.
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Dirty, Sacred Rivers explores South Asia's increasingly urgent water crisis, taking readers on a journey through North India, Nepal and Bangladesh, from the Himalaya to the Bay of Bengal. The book shows how rivers, traditionally revered by the people of the Indian subcontinent, have in recent decades deteriorated dramatically due to economic progress and gross mismanagement. Dams and ill-advised embankments strangle the Ganges and its sacred tributaries. Rivers have become sewage channels for a burgeoning population. To tell the story of this enormous river basin, environmental journalist Cheryl Colopy treks to high mountain glaciers with hydrologists; bumps around the rough embankments of India's poorest state in a jeep with social workers; and takes a boat excursion through the Sundarbans, the mangrove forests at the end of the Ganges watershed. She lingers in key places and hot spots in the debate over water: the megacity Delhi, a paradigm of water mismanagement; Bihar, India's poorest, most crime-ridden state, thanks largely to the blunders of engineers who tried to tame powerful Himalayan rivers with embankments but instead created annual floods; and Kathmandu, the home of one of the most elegant and ancient traditional water systems on the subcontinent, now the site of a water-development boondoggle. Colopy's vivid first-person narrative brings exotic places and complex issues to life, introducing the reader to a memorable cast of characters, ranging from the most humble members of South Asian society to engineers and former ministers. Here we find real-life heroes, bucking current trends, trying to find rational ways to manage rivers and water. They are reviving ingenious methods of water management that thrived for centuries in South Asia and may point the way to water sustainability and healthy rivers.
Conference papers on the topic "Nepean River Watershed"
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Sparks, Karla, Paula Gagnon, Wayne Nelson-Stastny, and Curtis Hoagland. "Innovative Methods of Integrating Conservation Planning Methods, Conceptual Ecological Models, USACE Planning Requirements, and NEPA to Develop a Comprehensive Plan: Missouri River Ecosystem Restoration Plan Case Study." In Watershed Management Conference 2010. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41143(394)36.
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