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1
पौड्याल Poudyal, षडानन्द Shadananda. "आधुनिक नेपाली कथा : मोड र प्रवृत्ति Aadhunik Nepali Katha : Mod ra Prabritti." Interdisciplinary Journal of Management and Social Sciences 1, no. 1 (October 1, 2020): 209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijmss.v1i1.34657.
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(आधुनिक नेपाली कथा लेखनको प्रारम्भ भएको समयदेखि वर्तमान समयसम्म विभिन्न मोड र प्रवृत्तिविकसित भएको पाइन्छ । नेपालको सामाजिक, राजनीतिक, आर्थिक, सांस्कृतिक तथा भाषिक क्षेत्रमा भएकाअनेक परिवर्तनका कारकलाई आधुनिक नेपाली कथाले प्रतिबिम्ब स्वीकार गरेको समयमा कथा सिर्जनाकोसीमारेखा निर्धारण भएको छ । यस प्रकारको सीमारेखा नै आधुनिक नेपाली कथाको मोड र प्रवृत्ति प्रकटहुने कारण बनेको छ । यसैले परिवर्तित मानकका छायापरिमण्डललाई अवलम्बन गरी नेपाली कथालेखिएको हुनाले आधुनिक नेपाली कथामा अनेक मोड र प्रवृत्ति स्थापना भएका छन् । नेपाली कथालेअवलम्बन गरेका मूल प्रवृत्तिलाई अध्ययन प्रयोजन स्वीकार गर्दा यसमा कालक्रमिक दृष्टिले मोड सिर्जनागर्ने राष्ट्रिय तथा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय परिस्थितिजन्य कारण के कस्ता थिए र के कस्ता मोड र प्रवृत्ति प्रकटभए ? कालक्रमिक विश्लेषण विधिको उपयोग गरी आधुनिक नेपाली कथामा मोड र प्रवृत्ति पहिचान गर्नेअभीष्ट यस लेखमा राखिएको छ ।)
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आचार्य Acharya, पुस्कर Puskar. "‘खीर’ कथामा आयामिक लेखन {‘Kheer’ Dimensional Writing}." Pragyan 7, no. 1 (June 13, 2023): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/pragyan.v7i1.55157.
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प्रस्तुत आुसन्धानमूलक लेख इन्द्रबहादुर राईको खीर कथाको विश्लेषणमा केन्द्रित छ । प्रस्तुत कथा राईको कथास्था कथा सब्ग्रहमा संकलित रहेको छ । खासगरी दार्जीलिब सेरोफेरोको निम्नवर्गीय नेपाली जीवनका संघर्ष र यथार्थलाई कथामा देखाउने आयामेली कथाकार राईको खीर कथालाई आयामेली साहित्यिक आन्दोलनका चिन्तन र मान्यताबाट यहाँ विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । नेपाली साहित्यमा देखिएका विभिन्न आन्दोलनमध्ये आयामेली आन्दोलन एक चर्चित र महत्वपूर्ण साहित्यिक आन्दोन हो । यही आयामेली आन्दोलनले स्थापित गरेको साहित्यिक मान्यता वा लेखनलाई आयामेली साहित्य वा लेखन भनिन्छ । आयामेली स्रष्टा राईको खीर कथामा आयामेली चिन्तन र लेखनको कसरी प्रयोग गरिएको छ ? भन्ने मूल प्रश्न वा समस्यामा केन्द्रित भई आयामेली साहित्यिक मान्यताका सापेक्षतामा खीर कथाको अध्ययन विश्लेषण यस लेखमा गरिएको छ । जीवनलाई सम्पूर्णतामा हेर्ने नवीन दृष्टिकोण आयामेली दृष्टिकोण हो । यसले जीवनको गहिराइ अर्थात् तेस्रो आयामलाई चिनाउने काम गरेको हुन्छ । खीर कथामा खीर प्रसङ्गबाट जीवन ज्यामीले पकाएको खीरजस्तै छ भन्ने निष्कर्ष आयामिक मान्यताका आधारमा निकालिएको छ । {The present research article focuses on the analysis of Indra Bahadur Rai's Kheer story. The present story is collected in Rai's Kathastha story collection. The author of the story, which shows the struggle and reality of the lower-class Nepali life of Darjeeling Serofero and it has been analyzed from the thinking and recognition of the literary movement here. Among the various movements seen in Nepali literature, Dimeneli movement is a well-known and important literary movement. The literary belief or writing established by this dimensional movement is called dimensional literature or writing. How dimensional thinking and writing used in the kheer story of the dimensional creator Rai was focused on the original question or problem, the study and analysis of Kheer Katha has been done in this article in relation to dimensional literary standards. A new approach to looking at life as a whole is a dimensional approach. It has worked to identify the depth of life, i.e. the third dimension. In Kheer Katha, from the context of kheer, the conclusion that life is like kheer cooked by Jamie has been drawn based on dimensional assumptions.}
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गुरुङ Gurung, गौरीसरा Gaurisara. "‘सिकोफाइभ’ कथामा प्रजाति, परिवेश र क्षण {Subnationalities, Surroundings and Circumstances in the Story 'Sikofive'}." Cognition 4, no. 1 (July 20, 2022): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/cognition.v4i1.46772.
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प्रस्तुत अध्ययन साहित्यको समाजशास्त्रसँग सम्बन्धित छ । प्रजाति, परिवेश र क्षण साहित्यको समाजशास्त्रीय चिन्तन परम्परामा हिप्पोलाइट तेनद्वारा प्रतिपादित समाजशास्त्रीय अवधारणा हो । यसले समाजको भौगोलिक, आर्थिक, राजनीतिक र सामाजिक परिवेशले कृतिमा कसरी प्रभाव पार्छ भन्ने कुराको अध्ययन गर्दछ । बिना थिङद्वारा लिखित ‘सिकोफाइभ’ कथा २०७७ सालमा प्रकाशित याम्बुनेर कथासङ्ग्रहमा सङ्गृहीत छ । यस कथामा मङ्गोल प्रजातिकी महिलाले पितृसत्तात्मक समाजमा आफ्नो अस्तित्व रक्षाका लागि गरेको कठिन सङ्घर्षको दर्दनाक यथार्थ चित्रण गरिएको छ । कलकत्ताको वेश्यालयमा बेचिएकी नेपाली चेलीले आफ्नो जन्मभूमि नेपालफर्केपछि पितृसत्तात्मक समाजमापुनःस्थापित भएर बाँच्न र आफ्नो अस्तित्व रक्षा गर्नका लागि गरेको सामाजिक, आर्थिक, राजनैतिक, सांस्कृतिक अवस्थाको सन्दर्भलाई क्षणको रूपमा, हेटौँडा, पशुपतिनगरको समाजमा सङ्घर्षपूर्ण जीवन बाँचिरहेकी महिलालाई मङ्गोल प्रजातिकी महिलाका रूपमा प्रस्तुत गर्दै साहित्यिक कृतिमा समाजको भौगोलिक, आर्थिक, राजनीतिक, सामाजिक परिवेशको प्रभाव पर्ने कुरालाई कथामा चित्रण गरिएको छ ।
{The presented study is related to the sociology of literature. Species, milieu and moment are sociological concepts propounded by Hippolytus Ten in the sociological thinking tradition of literature. It studies how the geographical, economic, political and social environment of the society affects the work. The story 'Cyco Five' written by Bina Thing is collected in Yambuner Katha Sangrah published in 2077. In this story, the painful reality of Mongolian women's struggle to protect their existence in the patriarchal society is depicted. The reference to the social, economic, political, and cultural conditions of a Nepali girl who was sold in a brothel in Calcutta after returning to her native land of Nepal to survive and protect her existence in a patriarchal society, as a moment, presenting a woman living a struggling life in the society of Hetauda, Pashupatinagar as a woman of the Mongol race, in a literary work, the geography of society, The story depicts the effects of economic, political and social environment.}
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Timalsina, Ramji. "Transnational Identity in Indra Bahadur Rai’s Selected Short Stories." Prithvi Academic Journal 3 (June 21, 2020): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/paj.v3i0.29560.
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Are the people of Nepali origin who are born in India and live there transnational? This is a piercing question in transnational discourses in Nepal and India these days. But its answer is clear once we take the help of the concept of transnationalism: they are transnational Nepalis living in India. This reality is further clarified with the studies on Indra Bahadur Rai’s short stories. Almost all the characters in his stories are the people of Nepali origin living in Darjeeling. They are unhappy there and always behave like the temporary residents of the place. Most of his stories deal with the life of these people in relation with their search for the origin and related physical and psychological journeys. Even the images, symbols and settings used in the stories connect themselves with the idea of journey and the problems of settlements. This article deals with the same aspects of his collection of stories entitled Pratinidhi Kathaa [Representative Stories]. The stories are analyzed with the help of interpretive methodology and use of Steven Vertovec and Jenine Dahinden’s ideas of transnationalism. John McLeod, Rebecca L. Walkowitz, Roland Végső and Winfried Fluck’s ideas of transnational literature are used as the basic concepts in analysis.
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Lamsal, Abishek, Santosh Marahatta, Shilpa Koirala, and Saroj Shrestha. "ASSESSMENT OF EFFECTIVENESS OF SHALLOW TUBEWELL IRRIGATION IN DHANUSHA DISTRICT, NEPAL." Tropical Agroecosystems 2, no. 1 (November 13, 2020): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/taec.01.2021.30.36.
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A survey entitled “Assessment of effectiveness of Shallow tubewell irrigation in Dhanusha district” was carried to seek the status of Shallow tubewell irrigation and its effectiveness in agriculture. A total of 30 respondents were selected on the basis of simple random sampling method who uses shallow tubewell for irrigation. Major occupation of 77% of population of survey area was agriculture and about 73% of households were doing rainfed agriculture before installation of shallow tubewell. A total of 201.23 bigha of land was irrigated and 250 families were benefited from shallow tubewell irrigation. The area under cultivation and production of crops was also found to be increased after installation of shallow tubewell. The average annual production of cereals and vegetables after use of shallow tubewell was 6.01 ton and 1.08 ton respectively. The monoculture system of cropping was changed to multiple cropping system after installing shallow tubewell. Farmers now cultivated 1-5 types of crops before which 1-2 types before shallow tubewell irrigation. Rice, wheat and vegetables were cultivated in 1258 katha, 582 katha and 32 katha of land respectively before installing shallow tubewell but after installation cultivated in 1330 katha, 697 katha and 232 katha of land respectively. Similarly, productivity of rice. increased from 95.96 to 142.08 ton, wheat from 29.98 to 46.67 ton and vegetables from 7.52 to 27.9 ton after use of shallow tubewell irrigation. Poor supply of electricity was the major problem with the index value of 0.89 followed by canal problems.
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Dhakal, Devraj. "Historical Analysis of Bauddha Stupa, Kassap Buddha and Shringa Rishi." Research Nepal Journal of Development Studies 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/rnjds.v2i2.29278.
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The historical Analysis of Baudha Stupa and Kassap Buddha is the study of the history of Baudha stupa of Baudha Kathmandu Nepal. The main objective of the study is to analyze the historical importance of Boudhanath Stupa and Kasyap Buddha. Comparative Historical Analysis (CHA) method has been applied to analyze the collected facts and information. The story of Nalanika (Nalanika Jatak Katha) claims that Shringa (Having a horn in head) sage was the grandson of Kassap and son of Vibhandak sages was born in Mahalaxmi municipality, Lankuri Bhanjyang Shringa Rishi Ashram. Therefore, Kassap Buddha had visited and settled few times in the municipality. Thus Baudha Stupa – made by relics of Kassap Budha- Baudha Kathmandu has clear relation with Shringa Rishi Ashram of Lalitpur.
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Sapkota, Narayan, Pankaj Kumar Yadav, and Saroj Sapkota. "AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF RICE PRODUCTION IN RAUTAHAT DISTRICT OF NEPAL." Food and Agri Economics Review 1, no. 1 (May 27, 2021): 01–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/faer.01.2021.01.09.
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Study was conducted to analyze the production economics, socioeconomic status, potential and problems of rice in Rautahat district. Total 80 farmers were selected by simple random sampling method. Respondents were categorized into small and large scale based on the average land holding under rice cultivation. Result of socio demographic characters showed that the average household size and area under rice cultivation was 7.3 and 35.44 Katha respectively. Human labor was the major input used along with others viz. seed, tillage, FYM and chemical fertilizer and pesticides, irrigation in both large and small farms. The production per household (kg) and productivity (t/ha) were 4458.965 kg, 3.64t/ha respectively and there was significant difference in production (kg) per household between small scale farms (1811 kg) and large scale farms (7863.4 kg). The total average cost, gross revenue and gross margin per hectare were estimated as NPR.108214.79, NPR.120227.04 and NPR.12012.25 respectively. The average benefit cost ratio was 1.11. Cobb Douglas production function presented the inputs; human labor, tillage, FYM chemical and pesticides and irrigation were found to have positive relationship with income while other cost (mainly transportation cost) was found to have negative relation with the total income. The return to scale value was computed to be 0.96 indicating decreasing return to scale in rice production in Rautahat district. Therefore, the findings suggest that, the production and income can be maximized by efficiently solving problems of quality inputs and others mentioned.
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Dhungana, Arati. "Screening Rice Genotypes for Brown Spot Disease Resistance." Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection 15, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.52543/tjpp.15.2.1.
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A field experiment was conducted to screen 20 rice genotypes against brown spot disease caused by Bipolaris oryzae under natural epiphytotic field conditions at Bangaun, Dang, Nepal, from June 2018 to March 2019. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Sawa Mansuli was taken as susceptible check and Sabitri as a resistant check in the experiment. Disease assessment was done by calculating disease severity and Area Under the Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC). Among the evaluated genotypes, disease severity and AUDPC varied in the field experiments. Rice genotypes showed the resistance to highly susceptible reactions based on AUDPC value which ranged from 88.51 to 260.65. Among the evalauted rice genotypes in the field experiment, the highest mean AUDPC value was recorded with Basmati (260.65) followed by Radha-13 (172.80) and the lowest was recorded with Kathe Jhinuwa (88.51). Similarly, the highest severity rate was recorded with Basmati (25.91) followed by Radha-13 (21.00) and Tilki (20.75) and the lowest was recorded with Kathe Jhinuwa (11.03) which was at par with Radha-4 (11.11) followed by Sukhadhan-1 (12.02) and Sabitri (12.06). The highest grain yield was recorded with Sarju-52 (4.32 t/ha) followed by Sabitri (4.19 t/ha). Grain yield was negatively correlated with mean AUDPC by 14.77%. Kathe Jhinuwa, Radha-4, and Sabitri can be used for higher grain yield purposes under similar field conditions and also can be utilized as the source of resistance in a plant breeding program.
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Bora, Jayanta Kumar, Neha Awasthi, Ujjwal Kumar, Shravana Goswami, Anup Pradhan, Ashish Prasad, Deb Ranjan Laha, et al. "Assessing the habitat use, suitability and activity pattern of the rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus in Kanha Tiger Reserve, India." Mammalia 84, no. 5 (September 25, 2020): 459–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2019-0032.
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AbstractThe rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus is the smallest wildcat in the world, endemic to India, Nepal and Sri Lanka. Although new occurrence records have recently been reported from different geographic localities in India and Nepal, there is still a lack of information on its biology and habitat use that are required for its conservation planning. Herein, we report results from systematic, long-term (2014–2018) camera trapping in Kanha Tiger Reserve, India, to evaluate the habitat use, suitability and activity pattern of the rusty-spotted cat and model its local distribution with habitat and anthropogenic covariates. Thick canopied forest and rugged terrain were found to be extensively used and preferred by the rusty-spotted cat. It was also recorded in the multiple-use buffer zone forests in close proximity to agriculture. The species is nocturnal and its activity seems to coincide with its major prey. The guiding philosophy of tiger reserves in India is to use the tiger as an umbrella species for biodiversity conservation, and often these reserves are intensively managed to enhance tiger and prey populations. This approach, however, may not cater to the requirements of other less charismatic sympatric species, and those of the rusty-spotted cat also need to be considered for its continued survival.
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Rai, Dhyanendra Bahadur, Bhim Prasad Subedi, and Hriday Lal Koirala. "Territorial mobility in traditional societies of Bhojpur, Majhkirant." Geographical Journal of Nepal 14 (March 10, 2021): 81–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/gjn.v14i0.35552.
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Territorial mobility is an inherent element for survival and it is a common feature of rural area. It reflects the whole life style and livelihood pattern of a community. Therefore, territorial mobility could be an important aspect of living and coping with external world particularly in the traditional communities of rural Nepal. This paper seeks to explore the changing territorial mobility among the Rai people from Sampang area of Bhojpur district in Majhkirant region. The mixed method, both quantitative and qualitative is adopted for data collection. The formal instruments such as household survey, focus group discussion, mobility register, and the folk sources such as folk songs, local sayings, proverbs, local events were used to generate the data together with the observation method as well. Findings indicate that all forms of mobility of Majhkirant people in which they participate can be summarized into two categories i.e. basai sarai and ghumphir. The long-term moves such as Muglan bhasine, Madhesh jharne, ghar khana jane, desh nikala hune are the specific types of basai sarai. On the other hand all types of short-term mobility normally of short distance are part of ghumphir which are common forms of movement among the people of this area. The feature and frequency of various types of moves vary among Rai and non-Rai community and it also differs over time and space. For example, pitri garna jane, nwagi garna jane, mang garna jane, kaliya jane are more noticeable among Rai community while tirthayatra, chardham jane, astu selauna jane, puranma jane, katha sunna jane are commonly found among non-Rai (Brahmin community). Similarly, moves such as, Lahur jane, phukna jane, ghar banauna jane are associated with Rai people whereas moves like jajamani garna jane, puranma jane, katha bhanna jane are primarily confined to Brahmin community. Many other forms of localized moves were also noticed and all of them had their linkages with participation in socio-cultural, professional, political and economic spheres of rural life. Some moves associated with kinship and neighborhood network as well as obligatory are commonly found in all community. In addition, many of these move are age-sex specific, others are associated with occupation of the person and with changing aspiration of people including changing geography of development activities.
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Bista, Jay D., Rahul Ranjan, Narayan P. Pandit, Madhav K. Shrestha, and James S. Diana. "Induced Spawning of Sahar, Tor putitora (Hamilton-Buchanan) in Terai Region of Nepal." ZOO-Journal 5 (December 31, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/zooj.v5i0.34775.
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Sahar, Tor putitora (Hamilton-Buchanan) is a high valued indigenous riverine species of Nepal. This is declining in its natural habitat. Tor putitora and Tor tor (Hamilton-Buchanan) have been recommended as vulnerable and endangered species. Limited seed production using natural propagation has restricted its expansion in culture as well as rehabilitation in natural waters. The artificial propagation of sahar using synthetic hormone was conducted in Pokhara, AFU, Chitwan and CARP), Kathar during February to April 2017. Sixty five male (0.5-1.8 kg) and forty five female (1.1-2.1 kg) brood fish were reared in 200 m2 earthen ponds at 1000 kg/ha. Fish were fed with 32% crude protein feed at 3% body weight per day. Maturity was observed regularly for softness of the abdomen. Female brood fish with a soft and extended abdomen were injected with synthetic hormone (Ovaprim) at 0.5 ml/kg body weight. Males were not injected hormone. The fertilized eggs were incubated in Atkin hatching trays. A total of 16 females were induced to spawn, and they produced 1630.80±184.30 (mean±SE) eggs per kg body weight. Mean hatching and larval survival rates were 78.4±1.9 and 74.7±1.1%, respectively.
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Pandit, Ram Deo, and Rakesh Kumar Singh. "COVID-19 Ayurveda treatment protocol of governments of Nepal and India: a review and perspective." Applied Science and Technology Annals 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/asta.v1i1.30276.
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SARS-CoV-2 originated in Wuhan city of China in Dec 2019, was named COVID-19 and declared pandemic by WHO. Conventional system of medicine is seen proving ineffective in its treatment. The first case of COVID-19 was confirmed on 23rd January 2020 in Nepal and on 30th January 2020 in India. SARS, MERS and COVID-19 in China were effectively managed through Traditional System of Medicine (TSM). Glycyrrhizin like active component of medicinal herbs potentially inhibit virus replication and bear antiviral property. Government of Nepal and India released a treatment protocol for COVID-19. Protocols have taken COVID-19 on the basis of Dosha, Dhatu, Mala, etc. The symptoms of COVID-19 resemble Kapha-Vata-Samasargaj-Jawara with Pitta association (i.e. Sannipataj-Jawara). For foreign etiology of COVID-19 Ayurveda considers it Rakshayadi-Prakopa-Janya-Janapado-udhamsha and deployed management accordingly. Good immunity is important factor for arresting or preventing the disease, which can be achieved by regular administration of Rasayanas. The physician should not treat any COVID-19 infected patient without safety precautions or without informing the local authorities. Clinical researches on individual and poly herbal drugs in the protocol should be taken into series of clinical trials to test its effectiveness against COVID-19 and discover the pharmacology and prove its effectiveness and establish it among global scientific community.
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Adhikari, Jagan Nath, Bishnu Prasad Bhattarai, and Tej Bahadur Thapa. "Factors affecting diversity and distribution of threatened birds in Chitwan National Park, Nepal." Journal of Threatened Taxa 11, no. 5 (March 26, 2019): 13511–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.4137.11.5.13511-13522.
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Factors affecting diversity and distribution of globally threatened birds were studied by dividing Chitwan National Park (CNP) into five study blocks consisting of 17 birding routes. CNP provides major habitats for the feeding and breeding of a large number of migratory birds from many parts of the globe and also plays a vital role in the conservation of threatened species. We recorded a total of 437 individuals of globally threatened birds belonging to 19 species of nine families and eight orders. There was considerable variation (F=2.94, df=44.43, p=0.05) in species diversity of threatened birds in different study blocks: the highest diversity was in Block E (Pithauli, Amaltari, and Narayani Island area; H=2.108), followed by Block C (Kasara to Sukibhar area; H=2.047), Block B (Barandabhar Corridor Forest; H=2.033), Block A (Khagendra Malli, Kathar, Sauraha to Old Padampur; H=1.744), and Block D with the least diversity (Madi area; H=1.69). The higher dominance index was found in blocks A (D=0.2407) and D (0.2361) compared to other blocks. The lower diversity of threatened birds was reported in those blocks (A & D) located nearer to human settlements that experienced higher disturbance. Presence of livestock and people caused significantly negative effects on species richness and abundance of threatened birds, mainly in Block A. Distance from roads and villages also had a negative effect on the diversity and abundance of most of the threatened birds. This study suggests that human disturbance caused a significantly negative impact on the presence, distribution, diversity, and abundance of threatened birds in CNP and adjoining areas.
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Pathak, Pratima, Shovana Shrestha, Rashmi Devkota, and Basanta Thapa. "Factors Associated with the Utilization of Institutional Delivery Service among Mothers." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 15, no. 3 (January 1, 2018): 228–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnhrc.v15i3.18845.
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Background: Assessment of utilization of institutional delivery services is crucial to reduce risk of maternal mortality and morbidity in countries like Nepal. This study was conducted to find out the proportion of utilization of institutional delivery service and associated factors among mothers.Methods: Data was collected from the total of 129 mothers of Kathar VDC, Chitwan district who delivered baby within last one year proceeding the period of data collection using census method. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analysis were applied.Results: Out of 129 mothers, 78.3% had their delivery in the health facilities. Binary logistic analysis showed number of factors associated with utilization of institutional delivery service such as ethnicity, respondents educational level, number of pregnancy, number of ANC visit and birth preparedness status. But in the multivariable logistic regression analysis, no. of ANC visit (AOR = 10.03, 95 % CI = 1.02-98.29) was only independent factors affecting institutional delivery service utilization.Conclusions: A number of factors have been shown to affect the utilization of institutional delivery. Therefore, concerned authority should plan and implement awareness programme aiming at increasing antenatal clinic visits and utilization of institutional delivery service.
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Gurung, S., M. K. Shrestha, and N. P. Pandit. "Nitrogen and Phosphorous Budget Analysis of Carp Based Polyculture Ponds in Chitwan, Nepal." Our Nature 11, no. 2 (January 9, 2014): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v11i2.9535.
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An experiment was conducted in 12 earthen ponds of 200 m2 at Kathar VDC, Chitwan, Nepal for 270 days to analyze the productivity and nutrient budget in some carp based polyculture systems. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four treatments in triplicate each: a) Carps only or control (7000 fish/ha) (T1); b) Carps (7000/ha) + tilapia (3000/ha) (T2); c) Carps (7000/ha) + tilapia (3000/ha) + sahar (500/ha) (T3); and d) Carps (7000/ha) + tilapia (3000/ha) + sahar (1000/ha) (T4). Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), rohu (Labeo rohita) and mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala) of mean stocking size 3.0, 4.2, 10.0, 18.8, 10.5, 2.2 g, respectively were stocked in all ponds at the ratio of 4:2:1:1:1:1. The mean stocking size of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and sahar (Tor putitora) were 9.7 and 3.4 g, respectively. The ponds were fertilized weekly with urea and di-ammonium phosphate @ 4 g N and 1 g P/m2/day. Fish were fed with locally made pellet feed (20% CP) once in an alternate day at @ 2% body weight. At harvest, the extrapolated fish yield ranged from 1.5 to 1.7 t/ha/year in different treatments, without significant differences among treatments (P>0.05). Inclusion of sahar in Nile tilapia ponds decreased recruits by 63 to 72%. There were no significant differences in water quality parameters among treatments, except dissolved oxygen concentration, which was significantly lower in T1 and T3 than T2 and T4 (p<0.05). Both nitrogen and phosphorous were gained from fish species and lost from soil and water. There were no significant differences in nitrogen and phosphorous contents of all inputs and outputs among treatments. The unaccounted nitrogen and phosphorous loss ranged from 9.8-17.1% and 51.2-64.4%, respectively. The nitrogen and phosphorous required for producing 1 kg fish ranged from 337.5-375.9 g and 130.3-150.9 g, without significant difference among treatments. The nitrogen and phosphorous discharged for producing 1 kg fish ranged from 1.59-4.35 g and 1.6-9.3 g, respectively.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v11i2.9535 Our Nature 2013, 11(2): 116-125
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खनाल Khanal, शारदा Sharada. "‘लछमनियाँको गौना’ कथामा सामाजिक समस्या {Social Problems In The Story 'Lachhamanianko Gauna'}." Pragyan 7, no. 1 (June 13, 2023): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/pragyan.v7i1.55156.
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प्रस्तुत लेखमा सनत रेग्मी (सनतकुमार रेग्मी) द्वारा रचित लछमनियाँको गौना कथामा सामाजिक समस्याहरूको निरूपण गरी अध्ययन विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । शोध्यप्रश्नको रूपमा प्रस्तुत गरिएको जिज्ञासाको प्राज्ञिक समाधानका लागि पाश्चात्य साहित्य सिद्धान्तमा देखा परेर विकसित हुँदै आएको यथार्थवादसम्बन्धी अवधारणाको आधार लिइएको छ । कृतिको अर्थापनका लागि स्थापित सिद्धान्तका आधारमा सघन पाठविश्लेषण विधिअनुसार सूक्ष्म पठन गरी सन्दर्भपरक अध्ययन गरिएकाले प्रस्तुत अध्ययन गुणात्मक प्रकृतिको छ । विवेच्य कथामा प्रस्तुत सामाजिक यथार्थवादसम्बन्धी समस्याका विषयलाई मूल प्राज्ञिक समस्या बनाएर त्यसको समाधान खोज्न कृतिमा बालविवाह, पारिवारिक समस्या, यौनमनोवैज्ञानिक समस्या, अन्धविश्वासजन्य समस्या, क्षेत्रीय र सम्पत्तिको प्रलोभनले निम्त्याएका समस्या, लैङ्गिक समस्या, अन्तर्देशीय वैवाहिक सम्बन्धले निम्त्याएका समस्या, अशिक्षा र भ्रमबाट सिर्जित समस्या, छिमेकीबाट हुने समस्या जस्ता सामाजिक यथार्थवादसम्बन्धी विविध समस्याका आधारमा मात्र अध्ययन गरिएको छ । नेपालको मधेसी समाजमा सानैमा बिहे गरिदिने र केटी ठुली भएपछि गौना गरेर केटाको घरमा पठाउने कुप्रचलनको सिकार भएका तमाम चेलीहरूको प्रतिनिधित्व प्रस्तुत कथाकी लछमनियाँले गरेकी छ । लछमनियाँ बुद्धू तेली र उसकी दृष्टिविहीन श्रीमतीकी एक्ली सन्तान भएकीले छोरीबिना घरै नचल्ने भएपछि बुद्धूले उसलाई गौना गरेर पठाउनुभन्दा घरज्वाइँ राखेर उसैलाई बुढेसकालको सहारा बनाउन चाहेको र ज्वाइँले पनि घरज्वाइँ बस्नुभन्दा त्यो सम्बन्ध नै तोडेर अर्की बिहे गर्न खोजेको कुराको सब्केत कथामा गरिएको छ । बाबु र लोग्नेका आ–आफ्नै अडानको मारमा परेकी लछमनियाँ जवान भइसक्दा पनि घरबार बिग्रला कि भन्ने त्रासमा लोग्ने लिन आएको सपना देख्दै माइत बस्न विवश भएकी छ र अन्त्यमा लोग्ने भेट्न आकुलव्याकुल भएकी लछमनियाँलाई अर्को एउटा बेइमान छट्टुले झुक्याएर लगेको कारुणिक कथा प्रस्तुत गरेर सामाजिक दुरावस्थास्थालाई देखाइएकाले प्रस्तुत कथालाई सामाजिक समस्याका कोणबाट अध्ययन गर्न सकिने निष्कर्ष प्राप्त भएको छ । {In the present article, social problems are depicted and analyzed in Lachhamaniya's Gouna Katha written by Sanat Kumar Regmi. For the academic solution of the questions presented as a research question, the basis of the concept of realism, which has appeared in the Western literary theory and has been developed, has been taken. Based on the principles established for the interpretation of the work, the presented study is of a qualitative nature, as the detailed reading and contextual studies were done according to the intensive textual analysis method. The problem of social realism presented in the critical story is made into a basic academic problem and to find a solution to it. It has been studied only on the basis of various problems related to social realism such as problems. In the Madhesi society of Nepal, Lachhamaniya represented all the girls who were victims of the bad practice of marrying off at a young age and sending the girl to a boy's house after she grows up. Lachhamaniya is the only child of Buddhu Teli and his blind wife, and since she cannot live without a daughter, Buddhu wants to support her in her old age by having a son-in-law instead of sending her away, and the son-in-law also tries to break the relationship and get another marriage instead of living as a son-in-law. Lachhamaniya, who is beaten by her father and her husband's own attitude, even though she is young, she is forced to live with her husband, dreaming that her husband will come to take her, even though she is young. A conclusion that can be studied from the angle of social problems has been obtained.}
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Poudel, Anupama. "Representation of Forests in Pragya Nepali Aadhunik Katha: A Critical Inquiry." Literary Studies, March 4, 2024, 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/litstud.v37i1.63009.
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The portrayal of forests in literature has long captivated readers, evoking a spectrum of emotions including fear, mystery, and freedom, among others. This paper delves into the portrayal of forests in literature, particularly focusing on the narratives collected by the three volumes of Nepal Academy in Pragya Nepali Aadhunik Katha. Considering the adverse impact of climate change on forests, this paper argues that literature plays a crucial role in shaping societal perspectives and behaviors to combat climate crises. It argues for the inclusion of environmental themes, particularly forests, in literary works, advocating for their potential to inspire action and cultivate a sense of community engagement. The representation of forests in literature published by organizations such as Nepal Academy, a government body, could prove crucial in instigating behavioral changes among people and promoting sustainable choices that aid in combating the climate crisis. By analyzing the selected stories from the three volumes of Pragya Aadhunik Nepali Katha, this research explores the extent of agency given to forests as integral components of stories. The analysis will be contextualized within Michaels’ idea of “monoculture,” and other relevant discussions surrounding the climate crisis. The findings aim to highlight the importance of incorporating forests into literary narratives, encouraging an understanding of their significance among readers and policymakers alike.
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Jaiswal, Vidushi, and Ranjana Upadhyay. "THE BANARAS GHARANA OF KATHAK DANCE: A STUDY FROM THE PAST TO PRESENT." ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts 4, no. 2 (August 24, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/shodhkosh.v4.i2.2023.584.
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The word “gharana” is related to that particular art, which is passed down from generation to generation. In simple words, a gharana means a “house” in which every member living follows his ancestors. In the field of music, the names of many famous gharanas are derived; each gharaana represents its own different artistic structure or style. If seen in the history of the music world, the gharanas were born when one artist practiced his art until his presentation did not seem to be different from other artists and then he passed this legacy to his next generation; in this way, from one generation to another, this form of art flowed, which gave birth to the Gharana.Mainly in the field of Kathak dance, the names of three gharanas are found: Lucknow Gharana, Banaras Gharana, and Jaipur Gharana. These gharanas seem to be different from each other on the basis of their specific artistic talents. Banaras Gharana is famous for its strong movement and devotional presentation. Janaki Prasad and Sukhdev Maharaj are considered to be the two founders of Banaras Gharana. Janaki Prasad was born in Rajasthan, but he made Banaras his workplace. On the other hand, Sukhdev Maharaj was born in Banaras, but He rendered his musical services in the court of the King of Nepal, after which his children stayed in Banaras and strengthened the Banaras Gharana. Presently, all the artists representing the Banaras Gharana are related to this lineage.The presented research article describes the genealogy of past and present artists of Banaras Gharana of Kathak and their contribution to Kathak dance.
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Rawal, N., N. Bhandari, S. Subedi, D. R. Chalise, and D. Khadka. "Assessment of soil fertility management practices of wheat in western terai of Nepal." Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, August 10, 2018, 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jiaas.v33i0.20692.
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A study was conducted to assess the soil fertility management practices and their constraints in sixty households of western terai of Nepal namely Barrohiya (Kapilvastu), Rehara (Rupandehi) and Sanda (Nawalparasi) in 2013 by using simple random sampling techniques. A semi-structured interview schedule was used for the collection of the data. Eighty percent of the interviewed farmers had medium land holding size (7.5 to 82 Katha). Most of the land was irrigated (>81 percent) and medium upland type (53.48 percent). Farmers in those areas weren’t practicing green manuring but were habituated to incorporate legumes (pea, lentil, black gram, beans, etc.). Chemical fertilizer was the main source of nutrient (56 percent) for wheat crop. Urea and DAP were commonly used by farmers whereas MoP was rarely used. Farmers of Kapilvastu applied the highest amount of Urea (165 Kg/ha) where as the amount of DAP (116.9 kg/ha) and MoP (27.8 Kg/ha) used was more in Nawalparasi than other two in wheat crop. On an average the farmers applied 13.3 kg/ha MoP which is very low as compared to recommended dose (41.7 kg/ha). There were number of constraints and obstacles perceived by the farmers. Arrangement must be made on those areas for time availability of fertilizers and farmers must be made aware about adequate use of quality chemical fertilizers and proper soil nutrient management.Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science. Vol. 33-34, 2015, page: 105-114