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Khanal, Anup. "Inflow Forecasting for Nepalese Catchments." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for vann- og miljøteknikk, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-22774.
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Due to the tropical climate, Nepalese rivers experience the large floods during monsoon season. Prediction of flood in advance is very essential not only for the successful hydropower operation but also for establishing effective flood warning system. Though developed country like Norway has been using inflow forecasting as a part of reservoir operation and flood warning system since long ago, so far no study related to inflow forecasting has been carried out in Nepal. This study is the first initiation of work in the field of inflow forecasting for Nepalese catchment. It attempts to establish the inflow forecasting system to the Kulekhani reservoir, employ the forecasted inflow in reservoir operation and present an example of flood warning system.The outputs of the Global Forecast System (GFS) model which is run in spatial resolution of approximately 50km x 50km and temporal resolution of 3 hrs were selected as meteorological forecasts to carry out the inflow forecast simulation. The spatial resolution of GFS model is on the range of Regional Circulation Model (RCM) so no further downscaling was done but modeled data were subjected to bias correction after comparing it to observed data. Two advanced methods of bias correction viz. empirical adjustment method and statistical bias correction method were applied to the precipitation and temperature forecasts. The empirical adjustment method did not perform very well in bias correction of precipitation forecasts as it requires long series of observational and forecast data. So the statistical method was applied for the bias correction of precipitation forecasts. But in the case of bias correction of temperature forecasts, the empirical adjustment method was found satisfactory. Due to difficulty in getting real time meteorological data of Kulekhani catchment from Trondheim, a historical period was chosen for the HBV model setup and inflow forecast simulation. The model calibration was done based on the observed hydrometerological data and the best value of goodness of fit as described by R2 was found to be 0.76. This low value of R2 is characterized by the uncertainties in observed inflow since observed inflow was calculated indirectly based on the daily energy production and reservoir level. The model was updated by adjusting values in precipitation and temperature, and model state variables. Then the forecast simulation was run on 8 consecutive days. Large degree of uncertainty was found in inflow forecast due to use of meteorological forecasts produced in coarser spatial resolution and unavailability of measured inflow during HBV model calibration. The inflow forecast was further used in existing reservoir operational model to examine whether Kulekhani project can meet the energy demand or not in relation with forecasted inflow up to 7 days in advance. The forecasted inflow was also analyzed in terms of flood forecast to set up an effective flood warning system. In conclusion, this study has been successful to carry out inflow forecasting based on meteorological forecasts. However, large degree of uncertainty in inflow forecasting is observed. The reservoir operation and flood warnings are also affected by the uncertainty seen in inflow forecasting. Improvements on this study can be made by using meteorological forecasts with finer spatial resolution and carrying out calibration of the HBV model with measured inflow for sufficiently long period.
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Gilliam, Paul Howard. "Nepalese students' reflections on UK university education." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2017. http://arro.anglia.ac.uk/703002/.
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This thesis analyses the reflections on UK university Business Studies courses of Nepalese graduates who choose to return home to Nepal after graduating. It considers the personal and cultural influences on educational decision-making that led them to choosing to study in the UK and their post-graduation employment expectations. The primary research was undertaken at a time when UK universities were facing increasing competition to recruit international students and numbers of Nepalese students choosing to study in the UK had dropped. In addition, Nepalese graduates choosing to return home were faced with scarcity of employment opportunities due to political uncertainty and improvements to local higher education. The qualitative, inductive research was based on semi-structured interviews which took place in Nepal with twenty-three Nepalese graduates, their Nepalese employers and Nepalese education consultancies. Data was analysed using the ecological, five systems model of Bronfenbrenner (1979) and Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner’s (2012) Intercultural Awareness Profiling (IAP) of graduates. In addition to identifying five major themes and associate themes, the findings extend beyond existing “push-pull” models by identifying how a graduate’s understanding of cultural orientation affects their decision-making. Although the overall expectations of Nepalese students and employers towards UK higher education remain positive, results indicated a lowering in their estimation of the quality and reputation of UK universities. The outcomes of the research make a valuable contribution to the knowledge of how and why international, specifically Nepalese, students choose overseas higher education. The findings also establish why Nepalese employers are struggling to see clear benefits from employing UK educated Nepalese business graduates. Recommendations are made for changes to be implemented to business studies courses to help university practitioners better meet the needs and expectations of future Nepalese students, graduates and employers. These recommendations reflect a deeper understanding of educational decision-making of international students.
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Jacobson, Calla. "Sociable poetics : representing and interpreting culture and difference in Nepal's Middle Hills /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Shrestha, Krishna K. "Collective Action and Equity in Nepalese Community Forestry." University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2476.
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Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)This thesis critically analyses collective action processes and outcomes in Community Forestry through the concept of embeddedness. This research focuses on the questions of when people cooperate, how and why collective action emerges and evolves, and what leads or does not lead to equitable outcomes. The thesis makes a fundamental distinction between equality and equity. The research focuses specifically on the Nepalese experience with Community Forestry (CF), which is regarded as one of the most progressive CF programs being implemented in one of the poorest countries in the world. The thesis adopts an integrated research approach involving multiple actors, scales and methods with a focus on local level CF processes and forest users. This study considers the Forest Users Group (FUG) as a unit for analysis. Field work was conducted in three FUGs from the mid-hill region of Nepal over seven months between August 2001 and February 2002. The field research moves downwards to the household level and upward to the district, national and international level actors. It employs a combination of the process analysis and actor oriented approach and qualitative and quantitative methods to understand how CF is being driven, who is driving it and why CF is advancing in a certain direction. The study shows that the emergence, evolution and outcomes of collective action in CF are complex and varied due to specific and changing socio-cultural, economic, political and ecological contexts. Without understanding the complexities, in which peoples’ motivation and collective action are embedded, we cannot explain the emergence and evolution of collective action in CF. This thesis challenges the rational choice tradition and some key points of Common Property Regimes (CPR) theory and highlights the concept of embeddedness in participatory natural resource management. The thesis highlights the problem of decentralised CF policy and the forest bureaucracy. Decentralisation universally imposes a formal democratic system based on equality without acknowledging unequal societies. In Nepal, there has been little reorganisation of the forest bureaucracy. Despite being an international model for community forestry, in Nepal the existing bureaucracy has been unable or unwilling to transfer knowledge to forest users. The thesis concludes by stating the need to avoid the pitfalls of some democratic principles associated with standardisation and formalism. This means transforming bureaucratic norms and ideology. Context is central for the sustainable and equitable management of natural resources. It must be further researched and applied in decision-making if CF is going to achieve its potential to improve the condition of forests and the welfare of rural people.
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Douglas, Will. "The fifteenth-century re-invention of Nepalese Buddhism." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270068.
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Pant, Bijan. "Women's participation in development : listening to Nepalese voices." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.533964.
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For more than a decade, I have been enthusiastically engaged in and around the issues of community development, women and the role of governmental (GOs) and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). From my early school days, I started noticing that my grandmother, mother, sister and other women in and around my community have limited space and access in the public areas compared to the male members of the family and the community. Out of curiosity, I started considering and asking the question "why do all of these women have limited access and opportunities and no decisive role at all in both private and public spheres, even though they work harder and longer hours?" Since then, this question has been a major concern to me. It has become clear why my mother sent me to the community meetings/gatherings when my father was away from home. I wondered at the time why she could not go to the meetings herself. I had to go, even though I did not enjoy those gatherings of senior male members of the community (mostly the heads of households). My mother would remind me of my "manly" duty and responsibility. Later, I came to understand that the public sphere was not meant for women and that my mother, by not breaking the social norms, had tried to prove that she was a "good" woman. As a result of this experience, I have been interested in exploring the causes and consequences of different practices and treatment based on gender identity in Nepalese society and elsewhere in the world. Men generally occupy the highest position in power hierarchies, establishing themselves as provider and protector, a status that allows them to have control over the lives of women. Nepal is no exception to this rule where the roles of Nepalese women are underestimated and thus unrecognized. Based on this background, my attempt in this study has been to address the research question: Why are women in rural Nepal not able to stand up and participate in community development activities as men do even though in the official documents of both GOs and NGOs their roles are accepted and involvement is sought? In the Nepalese context, Civil Society Organizations such as NGOs are claiming that they are working for and with women to bring them into the mainstreaming development process, and GOs are accepting the fact that women are equally contributing to the household and community from economic as well as sociocultural standpoints. If that is the case, then for instance, what roles are NGOs playing to enhance women's active participation in the process of development practices? In this study, I have tried to establish answers by conducting one to one interviews with women in the community to national level activists, focus group discussions from local to policy level, and secondary level data both qualitative and quantitative. The preliminary findings indicate that women's real representation comes through community based organizations (CBOs) which are more effective than at the level of GOs and NGOs. This small level study has time and resource limitations, however the data provides an insight into how women are marginalized within all 'classes' (upper, middle & lower) as a second-classc itizens. In conclusion, I camet o find that men are still holding a decisive role from the house to nation and throughout a top-down system of development. Men are the breadwinners, decision makers and donors/givers - always at an advantage over women in developing countries like Nepal. The research concludes that CBOs such as Women's Forums and the Young Farmers' Group are examples of women raising women's collective voices in order to challenge the supremacy of patriarchal development practices. CBOs like these provide an alternative model of development where priorities go for consultation over monopoly, process over product and local cooperation over competition for sustainable development.
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Sapkota, Manish. "Trend Analysis of Nepalese Banks from 2005-2010." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2012. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/honors_theses/19.
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The purpose of this paper is to examine the banking industry of Nepal from 2005 to 2010 to track the causes of banking crisis of 2011 using theories of macro-economics and finance as a conceptual starting point. In 2011, several commercial and development banks faced severe liquidity crisis that caused panic in the general public. Banks lost large amount of money in their loan and investment portfolios, which compelled the Government of Nepal to inject liquidity in the market. In the recent past years leading to the banking crisis of 2011, there was rapid change in the size and activity of banking industry. This paper analyzes changes that occurred in the financial market in the period of 2005 to 2010 that triggered the banking crisis. The roles of remittance, credit expansion and asset bubble have been analyzed in terms of their connection to the liquidity crisis.
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Sapkota, Santosh. "Teacher education through distance mode : the Nepalese experience." Thesis, Open University, 2012. http://oro.open.ac.uk/54699/.
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Distance education has been recognised around the world as a viable and cost-effective method for the initial training of teachers. and for their continuing professional development. In Nepal, one teacher training college has been offering a teacher education course through distance mode. In this regard, the main objective of this study was to seek a deeper understanding of the programme and to determine its overall quality. To achieve this, the research utilised a case study methodology and explored the experiences and reactions of students, tutors/founder members on this B.Ed. programme. To systematically assess the programme's effectiveness, the research developed a new analytical framework appropriate for this context. The framework was further refined as data were analysed. The study revealed that the quality of Self-Leaming-Materials provided were poor in terms of content presentat ion, coverage, student-content interaction, and in encouraging distance students in learning. While the poor quality of the materials was partly due to inadequate finances, it was also due to a lack of expertise and training in distance learning materials development. The distance approach introduced by the college was highly appreciated by students, but the study revealed that the context in which the college worked had impeded development. Initiatives were constrained by several issues, such as the college and its study centres operating with minimal physical infrastructure and logistics, poor learning resources and inadequate staffing. The co llege and university management and administration was inefficient in supporting its students and staff. Study findings ind icate that the quality of the programme was undermined by several factors such as political instability, absence of government support,
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Dhan, Singh Dhami Manee Chaiteeranuwatsiri. "Teacher perceptions of diversity management in Nepalese primary schools /." Abstract, 2007. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2550/cd400/4838018.pdf.
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Löwdin, Per. "Food, ritual and society among the Newars." Uppsala : Uppsala University, Dept. of Cultural Anthropolgy, 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/14361792.html.
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Tamot, Raju. "Marginal, professional, predatory Nepalese elites, and emigration to the "Dreamland"." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.
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Joshi, Krishna Dev. "Rice varietal diversity and participatory crop improvement in Nepal." Thesis, Bangor University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327412.
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Singh, Ammar Bahadur. "Child Clubs as the Defenders of Children's Rights in Nepalese Context." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Norsk senter for barneforskning, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-17559.
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Children are seen as competent social actors in new social studies of childhood and proponents of which seek for children’s participation in all matters that are of interest to children, and simultaneously and thereafter influence the decision making process that affect them in both explicit and implicit terms. Additionally, the UNCRC in articles 12 and 13 legally provisions for the participation of children to have a say on the issues of their concerns and their views should be taken into consideration. The community based child clubs seem to have emerged to meet this end. My thesis aimed at exploring the lived experiences of children involved in the community based child clubs in order to gain knowledge on how the clubs have been good defenders of children’s rights, particularly their right to participate and agency and what implications the clubs have in Nepalese society. Qualitative questionnaires as a gateway to enter the issue, and (semi) interviews, focus groups discussions and ranking as primary qualitative methods were used to collect data. Nine children, five girls and four boys, and six adults were the informants, but children were the focus of the research. The empirical data were further analyzed and interpreted. This research shows that the community based child clubs have been a good forum for children to get information on children’s rights and other issues, and develop their personal and social skills. Children’s participation in the social activities that are of direct interest to children has been the main focus of the clubs. Children lead, manage and implement the clubs activities and program themselves and hence children’s agency has been recognized and promoted. These clubs have brought positive changes to children themselves, their families and societies. Furthermore, the clubs have got a strong space in the society and challenged the traditional beliefs and practices that discourage child participation. Thus, it is reasonable to say that the child clubs have turned into a real crusader for informing, promoting and protecting children’s right to participate and hence develop their agency.
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Neopane, Shreeram Prasad. "The genetics of productivity traits in a Nepalese hill goat herd." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265697.
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Tingey, Carol. "Nepalese pancai baja music : an auspicious ensemble in a changing society." Thesis, University of London, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309612.
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Ojha, Hemant R. "Engaging Bourdieu and Habermas to reframe forest governance in Nepalese Terai." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437643.
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Pathak, Khum Raj. "How has corporal punishment in Nepalese schools impacted upon learners' lives?" Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2017. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/17073/.
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This study explores how the corporal punishment experienced by learners in Nepalese schools can impact upon multiple aspects of their lives. I examine how these short and long-term effects can extend into adulthood using an auto/biographical methodology; from a perspective influenced by my own encounters as a corporal punishment survivor from Nepal. Corporal punishment continues to be used in Nepalese schools, with the support of many teachers, parents and school management committees, despite several government policy initiatives and court rulings against it. In contrast to worldwide developments (notably in Scandinavia and America), research into corporal punishment in Nepal tends to be rare, quantitative and focused upon the prevalence and short-term effects as described by group participants and newspaper articles. This study addresses the urgent need to increase public awareness, using personal accounts describing the long-term outcomes of corporal punishment, with a depth of detail facilitated by an auto/biographical research methodology. Participants in the study expressed feelings of relief and increased self-understanding, although for myself at least, these were accompanied by feelings of grief and confusion. The lives of five corporal punishment survivors are explored through a series of interviews carried out in the Devchuli municipality of Nawalparasi, Nepal, between November 2015 and January 2016. The first is my own story, the second is a pilot interview and the other three are discussed under the themes of immediate compliance, severing dichotomies, disempowered bodies and the spiritual threat of spatio-temporal appropriation. The participants, whose identities are protected, look back, as adults, upon their experiences of corporal punishment at school and consider possible links between these and their current social, political, economic and spiritual challenges. Simultaneously, the study questions whether ‘effects’ can ever be conceptually or temporally contained within ‘multi-faceted’ and ‘becoming’ identities, using examples from the participants’ self-appraisals. I examine literature from the global debate on the effects of corporal punishment upon children, including the contrasting methodologies of Murray Straus, Alice Miller and Elizabeth Gershoff. The impact of corporal punishment upon notions of personhood is explored using Theodor Adorno’s interpretation of reification and comparable notions of objectification challenged by Andrea Dworkin, Martha Nussbaum and Paolo Freire. Corporal punishment is discussed in relation to power, conflict and the Holocaust, using Adorno and Bauman’s descriptions of authoritarian behaviours and immediate compliance, and Nietzsche and Foucault’s notions of punishment as a spectacle. Conditions for the possibility of corporal punishment are located to traditions deifying teachers, judgement-based belief systems and neo-liberal ideologies of competition and performativity. These are contrasted with alternative, non-punitive pedagogical and theological resources. Participants explore the ways in which healing and holistic self-development can be blocked by everyday vocabularies of violence and conditionality, triggering destructive individual and collective over-determined reactions. My study ‘concludes’ with reflections upon how corporal punishment has affected my participants’ lives: with their social roles hampered by defensive masks and evasive dances; their political lives blocked by fears of punishment; their economic lives stilted by caution and low self-esteem and their spiritual lives distorted by disenchantment and disappointment. Methodology and theory converge as my study rejects inherently disciplinarian, Enlightenment-led demands fo**r rational or scientific ‘proof’ of psychological effects, by presenting auto/biography itself, especially ‘child-standpoint’ narratives, as valid revolutionary praxis, effervescent with resistance to punitive ideologies and practices and dedicated to the liberation of our present from a painful past.
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Gansach, Ada. "Social constructions : a comparative study of architectures in the high Himalaya of North West Nepal; Lessons from : Nyimathang, Humla District - Togkhyu, Dolpo District - Braga, Manang District." Thesis, Open University, 1999. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323623.
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Andersson, Johanna, and Johanna Lindkvist. "Education in Nepal : A study of Nepalese Teachers'Views on their School Situation." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Educational Science (IUV), 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-793.
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The purpose of this study is to find out what working procedures are used in Nepalese schools. We have also investegated teachers'views on how schools are organised and how the school system is structured in Nepal. Furthermore, we studied what kind of National Curriculum and other official documents that existed in Nepal, to support teachers when planning their teaching. In our study we used an ethnographic approach.
The literature review and our results show that the teachers in Nepal face several challenges in their profession. We believe that the central power of the government can in a future development be discussed in terms of de-centralisation of the school system. If so, it could be problematised how and what the teachers should teach and how the pupils'final School Leaving Certificate exam should look like.
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SAKUMA, Ruriko. "LOKEŚVARA IMAGES PRESERVED AT THE NEPALESE BUDDHIST TEMPLE CATURBRAHMA MAHĀVIHĀRA IN BHAKTAPUR." 名古屋大学印度哲学研究室 (Department of Indian Philosophy, University of Nagoya), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/19180.
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Tonsing, Kareen Ninglianching. "The acculturation experiences and adaptation of Pakistanis and Nepalese in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B49799538.
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Research on acculturation has been evolving over the past few decades; however, with very limited research focusing on the acculturation experiences of South Asians in the Hong Kong context, this study helps to fill the research gap by examining the acculturation experiences and adaptation of Pakistani and Nepalese adults in Hong Kong. The dearth of information on the acculturation process of South Asians prevents us from fully comprehending the factors that facilitate or impede their adaptation. By incorporating Berry’s acculturation research and Ward and colleagues’ work on adaptation as the theoretical framework, this study investigated important psychosocial constructs such as the impact of acculturation orientation, perceived discrimination, acculturation stress and social support on psychological and sociocultural adaptation.
This study adopts both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Using a cross-sectional research design in the first part of the study, data was collected by means of convenience sampling from a total of 402 Pakistani and Nepalese first-generation adults. Two focus groups were then established after preliminary analyses of the quantitative results, providing more in-depth understanding and context-specific explanation in interpreting relationships among variables. Moreover, the focus groups also provided the opportunity for study participants to augment and supplement the quantitative data. Quantitative data were analyzed with a series of analysis of variance and hierarchical regression analysis.
The results of this study highlighted the levels of complexity apparent in the dynamic process of acculturation among Pakistani and Nepalese immigrants in Hong Kong. For the Nepalese, factors such as integration strategy, higher level of orientation towards the host and heritage culture, as well as perceived social support, were significant predictors for life satisfaction. Acculturation orientation to the heritage culture, the separation strategy, and acculturative stress were significantly associated with psychological distress. On the other hand, sociocultural adaptation was more predicted by the acculturation orientation to the host culture and the heritage culture, the integration strategy, acculturative stress and perceived discrimination. Marginalization strategy was associated with lower life satisfaction, higher psychological distress and more difficulties in sociocultural adaptation. For Pakistanis, gender and perceived social support were indicative of life satisfaction, whereas perceived discrimination and acculturative stress emerged as significant predictors of psychological distress. Sociocultural adaptation was more strongly predicted by education level, proficiency of the host language, the integration strategy, perceived discrimination and acculturative stress. The marginalization strategy showed significant negative effects on sociocultural adaptation.
Acculturative stress and perceived discrimination both had direct and indirect effect on adaptation outcomes that were partially mediated by perceived social support. This observation highlights the important role that social support plays in both acculturation and adaptation processes. Additionally, the focus group data analyses revealed that education for their children is an important area of concerns among the study participants.
With the findings of this study, implications for practice and policy for South Asians are also presented. The methodological and research limitations and the directions for future research are discussed.published_or_final_version
Social Work and Social Administration
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Wobus, Cameron W. "Geomorphic and thermochronologic signatures of active tectonics in the central Nepalese Himalaya." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33948.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 2005.Includes bibliographical references.
The central Nepalese Himalaya are characterized by a sharp transition in physiography that does not correlate with previously mapped faults. Rates of rock uplift, erosion, and exhumation for rocks surrounding this physiographic transition are investigated using digital topographic data, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar thermochronology, cosmogenic radionuclides, and thermal modeling, to determine whether this break in landscape morphology reflects active tectonic displacements at the foot of the Himalaya. The goals of the thesis are 1) to understand the degree to which landscape morphology can be used to delineate breaks in rock uplift in active orogens; 2) to characterize the neotectonics of central Nepal using data representing varied temporal and spatial scales of inquiry; and 3) to move closer to understanding the dynamic interactions among climate, erosion and tectonics in a field setting. Analysis of digital topographic data from Nepal and other tectonically active settings demonstrates how breaks in the simple scaling characterizing river systems can be used to identify tectonic boundaries.
(cont.) Limitations to these methods are illustrated by way of an example from the Eastern Central Range of Taiwan, but changes in landscape morphology become the foundation upon which further investigations are built for central Nepal. These investigations include data from detrital ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar thermochronology to characterize changes in exhumation rates at million-year timescales; cosmogenic ¹⁰Be to characterize changes in erosion rates at millennial timescales; and simple thermal modeling to evaluate a range of alternative tectonic geometries for central Nepal. The data point to the existence of a tectonically significant, thrust- sense shear zone at the base of the high Himalaya in central Nepal, nearly 100 km north of the active thrust front. The existence of this fault zone in a location where the Indian summer monsoon is concentrated is consistent with the predictions of numerical and analytical models of orogenic growth, which suggest a direct feedback between focused erosion and tectonic displacements in active orogens.
(cont.) Future work is warranted to evaluate the persistence of climatic and tectonic signals over a variety of time and space scales in central Nepal, and to determine whether correlations between climate and tectonics exist in other field settings.
by Cameron W. Wobus.
Ph.D.
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Bodapati, Radha Krishnamurthy. "NEPALESE-BHUTANESE REFUGEE YOUTH IN NORTHEAST OHIO PUBLIC SCHOOLS: CHALLENGES TO INTEGRATION." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1563551638665774.
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Bidari, Gopi. "Factors affecting CSR disclosure in Nepalese banks: a global reporting initiative perspective." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2016. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1803.
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This thesis examines the extent of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosures made by Nepalese banks in their annual reports based on GRI G4 guidelines. Also, this thesis accentuates the relationships between the influencing factors (i.e. bank size, bank age, bank profitability and ownership structure) and the CSR disclosure levels (i.e., economic, social, environmental and the overall CSR disclosures).
A sample of 82 banks was selected from the Nepal Stock Exchange for the year 2014. CSR related information was collected from the annual reports of the sample banks. Content analysis and multiple regression analysis tools were used to test the developed hypothesis based on literature.
The study found that almost all banks in Nepal have disclosed CSR information in their annual reports, but the overall quantity and quality of information is low and weak. Most of the disclosed information in their annual reports are descriptive in nature, and the main reason behind the disclosure is to gain a societal recognition of the adequacy of their social behaviour. The low environmental disclosure indicates a fit with the popular believe that banks feel that they only need to disclose limited environmental information since they do not pollute the environment.
Bank size and bank profitability are found to be positively related to the extent of economic, social, environmental and the overall CSR disclosures. Bank age is found to be positively related to the extent of social and environmental disclosures, but it is an insignificant predictor to the extent of economic and the overall CSR disclosures. Finally, the findings suggest that Nepalese banks disclose on all aspect of CSR regardless of their ownership structures.
The findings are, thus, beneficial for future study as well as to the banking authorities to assess the level of CSR disclosures made in their annual reports.
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Dhungel, Basundhara. "A Study of Nepalese Families' Paid and Unpaid Work after Migration to Australia." University of Sydney. Social Work Social Policy and Sociology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/375.
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The patterns of paid and unpaid work adopted by migrants families with dependent children are more or less similar to that of prevailing working pattern of men and women of Australian born couples. A case study with 28 couple families, 14 husbands and 14 wives who migrated from Nepal under "skill" or "professional" category and the literature review on paid and unpaid work of couple families with dependent children show that in both families the trend of change of working pattern in paid and unpaid work is similar. With the increased participation of married women in the paid labour force, men increased participation in household work. There is increased household work for both husbands and wives, but women tend to do more household "inside" and childcare work than men. In the mean time, men tend to do more work in the "masculine" sphere of "outside" work in house maintenance, repair and car care. The only factor that differentiates working pattern of migrant families with Australian born families is the experience of migration and the category that they migrated. The change of working practice of paid and unpaid work of migrant families are affected by the change of family type from extended family to two generational family and their education and previous work experience that they brought along with them. Professional migrants who migrated family as a "unit" migrated spouse and dependent children together and they made their own decision to migrate, unlike other categories of migrants who migrated from political or economic pressure. One of the important experiences of migrant families is that there are new opportunity, new lifestyle, new intimacy and companionship and new sharing of work between husbands and wives after migration. At the same time, there are losses of extended family relatives, close friends and cultural event which affects their day to day lives. There are Australian based friends who provided support in the initial period of migration but these families do not provide regular assistance or support which family relatives provided in Nepal.
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O'Neill, Tom. "Carpets, markets and makers : culture and entrepreneurship in the Tibeto-Nepalese carpet industry /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0015/NQ30108.pdf.
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Yuen, Chun Ni Jennie. "Achievement of Nepalese pupils in Hong Kong primary schools : barriers and education needs." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/02953eb5-e6ff-4f96-a799-c638a27d2df0.
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People of Nepalese origin are a small ethnic group in Hong Kong. As Hong Kong citizens, they are entitled to equality of opportunity and right of access to public services including education. However, it is frequently reported that the Nepalese and other minority ethnic groups encounter many difficulties in their interaction with the local education system. This study is a two-case case study that investigates Nepalese pupils' learning in two aided primary schools, which includes their performance in relation to other pupils, their barriers to achievement, their education needs, and effective practices employed by the schools to support them. The method of investigation is through interviews of three groups of respondents: the headteachers/teachers, pupils, and parents. The interviews were conducted in the second half of the 2004-05 school year. It is discovered that the pupils' achievement is influenced by factors that range from the personal and family to values of the government as well as international politics. I attempted to trace the changes of the Government's minority ethnic policy in recent years, and the possible reasons behind them. It is also discovered that the Government defines equality of opportunity at the levels of equal treatment, equal access and participation, rather than at a higher level of 'equal share' or 'outcome'. Although language (Chinese) is commonly considered to be the pupils' major barrier to achievement, there are other major barriers that may include lack of family support and lack of an appropriate curriculum. A key issue identified is the lack of data to assess and monitor their achievement. Based on the findings, recommendations are made to the schools, the teacher training institutes and the Education and Manpower Bureau for the improvement of the quality of education for the minority ethnic pupils in Hong Kong.
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Khanal, Uttam. "Farmers' perspectives on autonomous and planned climate change adaptations: A Nepalese case study." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/120363/1/Uttam_Khanal_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis analyses farmers' preferences and attitudes to agricultural adaptation to climate change in Nepal. The first part of the thesis uses a stochastic production frontier framework to assess the effectiveness of farmers' implemented autonomous adaptations to minimize climate change impacts and thereby to improve the farms' production. The second part provides a new perspective on the valuation of adaptation to climate change by using a choice experiment framework where farmers' preferences for planned adaptations are assessed. The findings of this study are expected to enhance farmers' adaptive capacity and the resilience of Nepalese agriculture to a changing climate.
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Tuladhar, Sujata. "Significance of cultural values in the changing lifestyles and house forms of the people of Kathmandu." Virtual Press, 2007. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1379442.
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As societies and cultures evolve with time, human settlements also transform gradually. These days, globalization and modernity bring about rapid changes and in a matter of a few years, the face of a settlement is changed forever and the lives of the people are no longer the same. While such changes are inevitable, it will be suggested that they should be conducive to the existing built environment. Change brought about by capitalistic and consumeristic pressures does not necessarily have to take away the identity of a settlement.Because I am a person from Kathmandu, Nepal, I chose that place to study how and why change is evidenced in the environments, lifestyles and house forms of the local people, and to explore how specific families both maintain and mediate their cultural values amidst these changes. As much as Kathmandu is an Asian center of glorious art, architectural, and cultural history, it is also a center of development, growth and change. In recent years, a growing trend in Kathmandu is for homeowners to leave their ancestralhome in and of the historic city and to relocate to new urban areas. This thesis focuses on this particular trend of relocation.Available literature, documentation from other sources, and the author's few years of professional experience in Kathmandu, shape the analysis of the settlement patterns, house forms, socio-cultural activities and the economics of the urban Kathmandu in the past and the present. The families, which have lived through the changes -- as they have moved from the historic center to new neighborhoods -- are the ones who can best represent the current scenario. Four such families were studied. Their answers to a lengthy questionnaire along with photographic documentation and physical mapping of their old and new dwellings have formed the main body of research.In their responses, the local people spoke volumes on how change is necessary, desirable, and inevitable. Still, there are major cultural values that never change. They exist in the spirits and to some extent in the way people conduct daily chores in the house. To a greater extent, however, cultural affinity exists at the larger scale of a neighborhood. Quality of life in the historic city is brought about by its rich festivities, sociability of spaces and the feeling of communal harmony. Although the society is changing into a more individualistic one and material and spatial needs are fulfilled in the new location, people miss the quality of life in terms of the socio-cultural attributes of the old place.As designers, we can extract upon these attributes to bring back their lost sense of place.Being sensitive to these values, design can become more a response than an imposition.Department of Architecture
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Westbacke, Kerstin. "HYGIENE, EATING HABITS AND ORAL HEALTH AMONG CHILDREN IN THREE NEPALESE PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOLS." Thesis, Nordic School of Public Health NHV, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:norden:org:diva-3254.
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Currently, many developing countries are experiencing rising prevalences of caries associated with changes in lifestyle and living conditions. Objectives: To describe the hygiene, eating habits, and oral health status of Nepalese children. Materials and Methods: A stratifiedsample of 231 children 5–7, 11–13, and 15–16 years of age (53% boys, 47% girls) who attended public high schools in the rural area of the Lalitpur District, Nepal was selected. The study was a field study combining a clinical examination (plaque, gingivitis, calculus, and caries) and a questionnaire. The questions concerned sanitary conditions, health support, personal hygiene, tooth cleaning, and eating habits. Results: During the school day, half of the children ate nothing at all. General personal hygiene was associated with tooth-cleaning frequency.Four out of five children in the entire sample cleaned their teeth once/day or more, using their own toothbrush. The use of fluoride toothpaste was rare.More frequent tooth cleaning and lower plaque indices were seen among girls and older children. More plaque was found on the occlusal surfaces of erupting permanent molars than on fully occluded permanent molars. Most children had a low prevalence of manifest caries in the primary and the permanent dentitions. However, every fifth 5–7-yr-old had manifest caries in three or more primary teeth. The occlusal surfaces of molars accounted for almost all registered caries in both dentitions. Conclusion: Although the prevalence of manifest caries was low, the low level of preventive activities may cause an increase in the prevalence of caries, as in other developing countries. The presumed risk scenario needs to be met by comprehensive and systematic health promotion and preventive measures.Sammanfattning: I många utvecklingsländer sker förändringar av livsstil och levnadsförhållanden med samtidig ökad förekomst av karies. Mål: Att beskriva hygien, matvanor och munhälsa hos nepalesiska barn. Material och Metod: Ett stratifierat urval av 231 barn, som i åldrarna 5-7, 11-13 och 15-16 år (53% pojkar, 47% flickor), elever i statliga grundskolor på landsbygden, Lalitpur distriktet Nepal, användes. Studien utformades som en fältstudie med klinisk undersökning (plack, gingivit, tandsten och karies) kombinerad med en enkätstudie. Frågorna rörde sanitära förhållanden, hälsostöd från hemmet, personlig hygien, tandrengörings- och matvanor. Resultat: Under skoldagen åt hälften av barnen ingenting alls. Allmän personlig hygien var associerad med tandrengörings frekvens. Av alla barn, som användande sin egen tandborste, borstade fyra av fem, en gång om dagen eller mer. Äldre barn och flickor rengjorde tänderna oftare och hade ett lägre plackindex. Mer plack fanns på erupterande molarers occlusalytor jämfört med molarer i full ocklusion. De flesta barnen hade en låg frekvens manifest karies i primära och permanenta bettet. Dock hade en femtedel av 5-7 åringarna tre eller fler manifesta kariesangrepp i primära bettet. Ocklusal karies på molarerna utgjorde nästan all registrerad karies i båda dentitionerna. Slutsats: Låg frekvens av manifest karies, men en låg grad av förebyggande aktiviteter, kan medföra en ökad kariesfrekvens liknande den i andra utvecklingsländer. Den förmodande risken måste bemötas med behovsinriktade och systematiska hälsobefrämjande och preventiva åtgärder.
ISBN 91-7997-151-2
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Sharma, Satish. "Consumer credit scoring : an empirical study involving home loans within the Nepalese banking sector." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2009. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/1974/.
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Nepalese banks have witnessed a considerable shift in recent years towards its loans and advances by focussing on consumer credit. The traditional method of evaluating applicants that is based on the judgmental system is increasingly becoming inappropriate for the large volume of applicants. As a result of the shift in the lending market and the increased emphasis placed by the regulator on risk management, Nepalese banks have to rethinking on the way they assess their applicants for credit. Traditionally, the credit decision whether to accept/reject an applicant has been based on the subjective evaluation of the credit application forms and supporting documents. The literature advocates an objective approach on the lines of credit scoring which is fast, reliable, consistent and risk-based. On the strengths of this argument, this thesis presents the qualitative and quantitative considerations including issues relating to data capture, model development and implementation of a formal credit scoring model within the Nepalese Banking sector. The questionnaire was administered with the non-managerial level staff, the respondents in the expert interviews were managerial level staff and the database for model development were taken from a home loans customer database of a typical Nepalese bank. The findings of this work point to the fact that it is possible to develop such an objective model using six key characteristics and jointly produce a model that will predict the quality of loan with an acceptable degree of confidence.
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Bhattarai, Indu. "Quantitative River Profile Analysis to Investigate Exhumation of the Siwalik Foreland Basin, Nepalese Himalaya." TopSCHOLAR®, 2017. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1932.
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The Nepalese Himalaya, one of the most active regions within the Himalayan Mountain belt, is characterized by a thick succession of Miocene age Siwalik sedimentary rocks deposited at its foreland basin. To date, much of its tectonic evolution, including exhumation in the Nepalese Siwalik, is poorly understood. This study of a quantitative analysis of the bedrock river parameters should provide crucial information regarding tectonic activities in the area. The study investigated geomorphic parameters of river longitudinal profiles from 54 watersheds within the Siwalik section of the Nepalese Himalaya, for the first time. A total of 140 bedrock rivers from these watersheds were selected using stream power-law function and 30-meter resolution ASTER DEM. The quantitative data from the river longitudinal profiles were integrated with published exhumation ages. Results of this study show, first, a presence of major and minor knickpoints, with a total of 305 knickpoints identified, of which 180 were major knickpoints and the rest were minor knickpoints. Further classifications of knickpoints were based on structures (lineaments extracted from SRTM DEM), lithology, and possible uplift. Second, the Normalized Steepness index (ksn) values exhibited a range from 5.3 to 140.6. Third, the concavity index of streams in the study area ranged from as low as -12.1 to as high as 31.1 and the values were consistently higher upstream of the knickpoints. Finally, integration of the river profile data with the published exhumation ages show that the regions with a high ksn value correspond to the regions with higher incision and,
therefore, are likely to have high uplift. The presence of a break in ksn in the eastern section of the study area suggests that the incision is likely accelerated by Main Frontal Thrust (MFT) movements. Erosion of the thrust sheet could have influenced the rapid uplift of the Siwalik due to isostatic processes. Thus, the timing of the source-region exhumation and its rate suggests that MFT-related tectonics, and/or climate processes, likely influenced the landscape evolution of the study area. The results of this study should help in comprehending the neo-tectonic deformation of the Nepalese Himalaya.
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Khaniya, Tirth Raj. "Examinations as instruments for educational change : investigating the washback effect of the Nepalese English exams." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9862.
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This study examines the washback effect of a final examination. Despite the general criticisms of a final examination for its negative influence on education, no empirical evidence was noted in the existing literature; rather some evidence for positive washback was found. The study was based on the assumption that the detrimental effect of a final exam is not inherent; whether the washback is negative or positive is dependent on the design of the exam. Furthermore, the power that the exam has to influence teaching and learning, if exploited properly, can make it work as an instrument for educational change. The context of the study was English language teaching and testing at school in Nepal. The washback effect of the School Leaving Certificate English exam, an exit exam based on prescribed textbooks in terms of its content and discrete-point approach in terms of its format, was examined. A new exam of reading, grammar, note-taking and writing based on the course objectives of the SLC English course in terms of its content, and integrative-communicative approach in terms of its format was designed to use as the criterion measure of the English proficiency of the students. The new exam was administered to school leavers and students of the previous year. The performance of the school leavers on the new exam was compared with their performance on the SLC English exam, and with the performance of the students of the previous year on the new exam. The results indicate that SLC English exam had a negative washback on the teaching and learning of the SLC English course because it failed to allow the students and the teacher to work for the course objectives of the SLC English. It was concluded that washback is an inherent quality of a final exam; people whose future is affected by the exam-results work for the exam regardless of the quality of the exam. Whether the washback is negative or positive is dependent on what the exam measures; if it is congruent with the sentiment and the purposes of the course objectives, it can achieve beneficial washback; if not it is bound to produce harmful washback. Innovations through the former type of exam would lead the teaching for the exam to be in accordance with it. The implications for language testing in general, and the Nepalese ELT situation in particular are presented. It is suggested that the SLC English exam should be replaced by an exam similar to the one used, in order to bring about change in the teaching of the SLC English course. Recommendations for further research are made.
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Adhikary, Pratik. "Health status and health risks of male Nepalese migrants in the Middle East and Malaysia." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2014. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/21791/.
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This thesis investigates the health status of and health risks to male Nepalese migrant construction and factory workers in the Middle East (West Asia) and Malaysia. After the more seasonal migration to India, the Middle East and Malaysia are the second most popular destinations for Nepalese workers. Differences in the health status and health risks for Nepalese workers associated with the type of work-place, demographic, socio-economic and health characteristics have been investigated in this Ph.D. This study adopted self-reported tools to measure general physical and mental health. These health risks have been measured in terms of perceived health risks and experience of work-related accidents at work. This study uses a mixed-methods approach including questionnaires and in-depth interviews with male Nepalese migrant workers, upon their return to, or prior to their departure from Nepal. Questionnaire data (n=403) estimated the health status of migrant workers and the level of risk to which they are exposed. The interviews (n=20) with a sub-sample of the survey population has offered detailed. Ethical approval granted by the Nepal Health Research Council. Nearly half of the respondents (46%) were aged 20 to 29, most were married (91%), without formal education or only had completed primary education (71%). Most (87%) rated their health as “very good/good or fair”. More than three quarters (79%) perceived their work environment as “very good/good or fair”. Two-thirds (65%) were satisfied with their accommodation abroad. The majority had semi-skilled jobs (69%) and 71% had registered with a doctor; 62% had national insurance; 17% had experienced a work accident. Overall, age was associated with self-reported poor health status as health appeared to worsen with increasing age. Perceived diet, health risks and the work environment were strongly associated with self-reported poor health status. Age, satisfaction with accommodation, work environment and country of work were strongly associated with accidents at work. Country of work and health insurance were significantly associated with not visiting a doctor abroad. The qualitative findings focus on six main themes: (a) push factors of migration; (b) pull factors; (c) living abroad; (d) working abroad; (e) health and health services; and (f) suggestions to improve health and well-being. The in-depth interviews confirmed that Nepalese migrant workers experienced accidents at work, skin problems, heart attacks, mental health issues and even death. In general, employers were perceived not to value the health of migrant workers enough and due to the pressures of work many workers took risks. A significant minority of Nepalese migrant workers working in the Middle East and Malaysia have experienced work-related risks, unsafe and stressful working and living environments and delayed medical treatment. Health and safety at work should focus on encouraging employers to provide safe work environments by giving health and safety training to ensure potential harm reduction. However, the main evidence from this study is that the majority of Nepalese male migrant workers do report a fairly positive experience e.g. with their health, health insurance and access to health services, of living and working abroad. This phenomenon coupled with the poor living and working conditions in Nepal helps explain why workers are willing to work in high risk jobs and in relatively poor working conditions abroad.
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Boivin, Nettie. "Language, literacy and identity practices influencing acculturation in immigrant/migrant Nepalese families : an ethnographic study." Thesis, University of York, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4593/.
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This thesis is an ethnographic study which investigates the practices of language maintenance and ethnic identity affiliation for immigrant/migrant Nepalese families with primary to middle school children in the United Kingdom. The thesis investigates the connection between two larger fields of research; language maintenance and ethnic identity affiliation. Previously, research investigated one area or the other. After initial interviews with the family members it was determined from investigation into past exposure and present participation in the various practices of both ethnic identity and language maintenance that deeper investigation needed to occur. Finally, it was determined that in the prior research none had examined differences between family members and reasons for these variations. The thesis presents an ethnographic comparative case study analysis of three Nepalese families using a three-tiered macro, micro, and internal theoretical framework in conjunction with a newly redefined acculturation continuum. Observation, which was participatory, occurred in various contexts during a nine month period. In conjunction with these observation sessions, semi-structured interviews regarding present participation in language maintenance and ethnic identity practices, and historical narrative interviews investigating prior exposure to home country, ethnic, cultural, and social literacy practices occurred. In addition, data analysis from the observations used a language maintenance practice checklist based on three types of practices (social language, social literacy, and peripheral ritualised practices) thus discovering whether shifts or loss occurred in families. This analysis revealed a newly termed practice of peripheral ritualised practices. Furthermore, observations discovered that it was not only exposure to home country experience and ethnic customs which play a significant role in shaping social and ethnic identity construction but more informatively the age of exposure. Consequently, the researcher was able to examine not only shifts from children via pre-adolescences to teens, but to assess differences between siblings, an area that had previously not been researched. Finally, the study noted that for children, pre-adolescence and adolescences there is a balance between globalised practices and ethnic practices which need further future investigation.
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Karki, S. (Saujanya). "Oral health status, oral health-related quality of life and associated factors among Nepalese schoolchildren." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2019. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526223384.
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Abstract This national cross-sectional study aimed to measure the oral health status, and oral health related-quality of life (OHRQoL) among Nepalese schoolchildren. Another aim was to investigate the association of dental caries and its consequences with OHRQoL, sociodemographic factors, oral health-related behaviours, anthropometrics, and school attendance and performance. The study was conducted in 18 out of total 75 randomly selected districts of Nepal representing 5 developmental, and concurrently 3 simultaneously ecological regions. Altogether 1137 of the invited 1157 schoolchildren from 27 conveniently selected schools participated both in the survey and clinical examination. Information on sociodemographic factors and oral health-related behaviours was collected using a structured questionnaire. Validated Nepali Child-OIDP was used for assessing children’s OHRQoL. Clinical oral examinations were conducted as per the WHO guidelines and assessed dental caries, its consequences (pufa/PUFA) and periodontal status. BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio were computed from anthropometric measurements. School-related information included data on school absenteeism was collected from school registry and school performance (percentage of the sum of scores in three core subjects). Gingival bleeding was highly prevalent among all participants. The youngest ones had most often need for dental caries treatment; 79% vs. 64% among the oldest ones. Dental caries and its consequences were most prevalent among those living in the Kathmandu Valley or in the rural areas or in mountain or hilly ecological regions, as well as those consuming sweets or candy, or tea with sugar, and brushing teeth infrequently. Most of the participants had problem with eating, cleaning the mouth, and sleeping. Dental caries and its consequences were associated with poor OHRQoL. They were also associated with both high and low BMI and central obesity (high waist-to-hip and waist-to-height ratios) as well as high school absenteeism (>13% of total schooldays missed) and poor school performance. Both low and high BMI, and poor OHRQoL, as well as high school absenteeism were all inversely associated with school performance. In conclusion, dental caries and gingival bleeding are common among Nepalese schoolchildren. Dental caries and its consequences are associated with poor OHRQoL. These conditions are also associated with sociodemographic factors, poor oral health-related behaviours, and anthropometrics (BMI and central obesity) as well as high school absenteeism and poor school performanceTiivistelmä Tämän poikkileikkaustutkimuksen tavoitteena oli tutkia nepalilaisten koululaisten suunterveyttä ja siihen liittyvää elämänlaatua (OHRQoL). Toiseksi tavoitteena oli tutkia karieksen ja sen seurausten mm. oireet ja tulehdus, yhteyttä suunterveyteen liittyvään elämänlaatuun, sosiodemografisiin ja antropometrisiin tekijöihin, suunterveyskäyttäytymiseen, koulupoissaoloihin sekä -menestykseen. Tutkimus toteutettiin 18/75 satunnaisesti valitussa Nepalin piirikunnassa, jotka edustivat sekä viittä kehitysaluetta että kolmea ekologista aluetta. Mukaan kutsutuista 1157 koululaisesta (27 koulua, mukavuusotos), 1137 osallistui sekä kysely- että kliiniseen tutkimukseen. Sosiodemografiset taustatiedot sekä tiedot suunterveyskäyttäytymisestä kerättiin strukturoidulla kyselylomakkeella. Suunterveyteen liittyvää elämänlaatua arvioitiin käyttäen validoitua nepalin kielistä Child-OIDP –lomaketta. Kliinisessä tutkimuksessa tutkittiin kariestilanne, sen kliiniset seuraukset (pufa/PUFA) sekä kiinnityskudosten tila WHOn ohjeiden mukaan. BMI, vyötärön ja lantion ympärysmitan suhde sekä vyötärön ympärysmitan ja pituuden suhde laskettiin mittaustulosten perusteella. Kouluista saatiin tiedot poissaoloista viimeisen kouluvuoden aikana sekä koulumenestys kolmessa keskeisimmässä oppiaineessa viimeisimmässä todistuksessa. Lähes kaikilla todettiin ienverenvuotoa. Nuorimmassa ikäryhmässä oli muita useammin korjaavan karieshoidon tarvetta (79% vs. 64%). Kariesta sekä sen seurauksia esiintyi eniten niiden keskuudessa, jotka asuivat Kathmandun laaksossa tai vuoristossa. Karieksen esiintyvyys oli myös yhteydessä mm. sokerin, makeisten ja sokeriteen kulutukseen sekä epäsäännölliseen hampaiden harjaukseen. Karies seurauksineen oli yhteydessä huonoon suunterveyteen liittyvään elämänlaatuun (OHRQoL), erityisesti syömiseen, suun puhdistamiseen sekä nukkumiseen. Sillä oli myös yhteys sekä matalaan että korkeaan BMIhin, lisääntyneisiin koulupoissaoloihin sekä huonoon koulumenestykseen. Matala ja korkea BMI, huono suunterveyteen liittyvä elämänlaatu sekä poissaolot olivat käänteisesti yhteydessä koulumenestykseen. Karies ja ienverenvuoto ovat yleisiä nepalilaisten koululaisten keskuudessa. Karies seurauksineen on yhteydessä huonoon suunterveyteen liittyvään elämänlaatuun (OHRQoL), haitalliseen suunterveyskäyttäytymiseen, sosiodemografisiin ja antropometrisiin tekijöihin (BMI, keskivartalolihavuus) sekä lisääntyneisiin koulupoissaoloihin ja huonoon koulumenestykseen
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Samson, Priscilla. "Stress, Anxiety, and Depression: Role of Campus Connectedness, Social Support, and Coping Among Nepalese Nursing Students." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5939.
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High levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (SAD) can adversely influence physical health, psychological well-being, and academic and clinical performance of nursing students. Numerous studies have identified the factors associated with SAD; however, a paucity of empirical research addresses the relationship of SAD with campus connectedness (CC), perceived social support (PSS), and coping. The purpose of this quantitative cross-sectional study, guided by Lazarus and Folkman's theory of stress, coping, and adaptation, was to determine the prevalence of SAD and examine its relationship with CC, PSS, and coping among undergraduate nursing students of Nepal. Survey research was conducted using depression anxiety stress scale, campus connectedness scale, the multidimensional scale for perceived social support, and brief cope inventory. Among 680 nursing students analyzed, the 51.7% reported moderate to extremely severe levels of SAD. A one-way multivariate analysis of variance revealed a statistically significant relationship among CC, PSS, and coping with SAD (p < .001). A discriminant analysis indicated that depression best discriminated the levels of CC and PSS. The levels of coping were found to be best discriminated by anxiety. The findings can be sourced to create awareness among educators and administrators of nursing colleges about the roles that campus connectedness, social support, and coping strategies play in the occurrence SAD. Future studies can focus on the need to establish mental health screening and social support services, such as counseling centers in nursing colleges, which may bring about a positive social change in the lives of nursing students.
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Kisi, K. P., N. Mani, N. Lee, Joseph Shrestha, K. Shrestha, and R. Kayastha. "Opportunities and Challenges for Module Construction in Developing Nations: A Case Study in the Nepalese Construction Industry." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5475.
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Jain, Romi. "China's Soft Power Aims in South Asia: Experiences of Nepalese Students in China's Internationalization of Higher Education." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1523103230854755.
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Neupane, Prabhat Chandra. "Paleohydrology and Paleoecology of the Neogene Siwalik rocks, Nepalese Himalaya using multi-proxy lipid biomarker isotopic study." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2017. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2348.
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This study deploys compound-specific multi-proxy isotopic study of lipid biomarkers to understand Neogene climatic and ecological variabilities in the Himalayan foreland. The investigation of compound-specific carbon and hydrogen isotopes along with glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) is the first of its kind for the Nepalese Siwalik. A total of 49 mudstone (and some paleosol) samples were collected from the paleomagnetically age-constrained Siwalik strata in the Surai Khola and Karnali River sections.
δ13C results suggest a domination of C3 trees between 12 and 8.5 Ma, and a stepwise expansion of C4 grasses starting gradually at 8.5 Ma and culminating rapidly around 5.5 Ma. δD results show an overall gradual increase in rainfall since 12 Ma, with a rapid intensification around 5.5 Ma. The negative correlation between rainfall and GDGT-derived paleotemperature prior to 5.5 Ma indicates that the region experienced higher rainfalls during colder periods and vice versa. We propose that this negative correlation could be related to the strong presence of mid-latitude westerlies in the region because of the subdued Himalayas, when summer monsoon winds were weaker, that brought enhanced winter-precipitation particularly during colder periods. After 5.5 Ma, our data show a conspicuous positive correlation between rainfall and annual temperature, indicating the onset of modern-style seasonality in rainfall in the Indian subcontinent, which generates more rainfall during summer than during winter. Notably, this initiation of the Indian monsoon around 5.5 Ma favored the dominance of C4 grasses over C3 trees that is reflected in our δ13C data.
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Boreson, Hedvig, and Lisanja Askesjö. "Nepalese nurses' experiences of the family´s importance in health care : An interview study conducted in Kathmandu, Nepal." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal högskola, Institutionen för vårdvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-4929.
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Regmi, Kumar. "The responsibility of the States under international human rights law to address the trafficking in Nepalese girls into prostitution." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ63090.pdf.
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Acharya, Dev Raj. "Measuring the effectiveness of teaching sex education in Nepalese secondary schools : an outcome from a Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT)." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/7aed061b-668e-4789-879e-b30ba401b6c6.
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This study aimed to identify the effectiveness of delivering sex education in secondary schools in Hetauda (Nepal) by exploring the sexual health knowledge and understanding of young people, and parents' and teachers' views on sex education, in order to place the findings in the wider social, cultural and educational context of modern Nepal. The research selected four secondary schools pupils of diverse sociobackground characteristics in Hetauda municipality, central Nepal. This study was conducted by undertaking an intervention in control (2 schools) and experiment (2 schools) groups, and as such constituted the quantitative method. Semi-structured Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) with 14 key stakeholders (6 parents and 8 teachers) and 8 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with 78 pupils constituted the qualitative method. Quantitative and qualitative data were analysed separately by utilising statistical software (SPSS, 19) and thematic analysis, respectively. Outcomes were compared, combined and discussed. This study relies on a multiple theory platform (cognitive constructivism, social constructivism and social cognitive theory) to evaluate the effectiveness of sex education delivery in schools. The conventional teacher in the control school delivered the sex education programme in a didactic approach. The result had less impact on pupils' sexual health knowledge and understanding. In contrast, the health facilitator-led experimental schools used a participatory approach which showed a reasonable knowledge increment around sexual health. However, the pupils were still confused and uncertain about how to obtain sexual health information from relatives of a similar age and their family members. Many parents lacked the knowledge, iv confidence and skills to offer meaningful support to their children. This study noted four main important influential sexual health attitudes and behaviours of the pupils: ambiguous social roles leading to confusion; increased sexual awareness and curiosity about sex; significant gaps in knowledge and behaviour; and limited parental input. This study suggested several possible approaches that could be developed to improve sex education in Nepal. Young people need more information on the risk of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) and unwanted pregnancies. This could encourage them to gain more sexual health knowledge which in turn could lead to increased engagement in safer sexual health practices. In particular, more young girls should be provided with access to sexual health knowledge and services in order to achieve real improvements in pupils' sexual health. Furthermore, attention needs to be given to rigorous research and appropriate sex education interventions in school. Integrating sex and relationship education, both in formal and informal education, could help to improve young people's sexual and reproductive health status.
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Thake, Anna. "Factors influencing beliefs about mental health difficulties and attitudes towards seeking help amongst Nepalese people in the United Kingdom." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/14896.
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Research shows that in the UK, individuals from black and minority ethnic backgrounds are significantly less likely to access mental health services than the general population. In the absence of literature or robust mental health service access figures for Nepalese people living in the UK (NLU) there is little understanding of the mental health needs and help-seeking preferences of this group. This study aimed to examine factors which are associated with professional help-seeking for mental health difficulties in NLU. The Theory of Planned Behaviour (Ajzen, 1985) was used as a guiding theoretical framework to examine the strongest predictors of intention to seek professional help. Potential predictors, shame/izzat, acculturation, beliefs about the causes of mental distress and demographic variables were measured. The sample were 65 NLU recruited from community centres, health events and online groups across the UK. Results indicated that although a significant number of NLU reported having experienced mental health difficulties, very few had sought professional help. A number of variables significantly correlated with intention to seek professional help, including level of acculturation, non-Western physiological causal beliefs and izzat. According to a multiple-regression analysis of the whole sample, izzat was the most strongly related to intention to seek professional help. A number of barriers to help-seeking were identified such as hoping problems would go away or not wanting to burden others. A significant strength of the study was the use of both Nepalese and English language questionnaires which ensured that a large non-English speaking section of the NLU population was not excluded from the study. Limitations include methodological considerations such as the use of one measure which appeared to have limited validity. Furthermore, the exclusion of illiterate individuals by merit of using a self-report questionnaire limits the generalisability of these findings to the NLU more widely. Low mental health service access rates were identified within this sample relative to the prevalence of mental health difficulties. The clinical implications of this study highlight the need for policy and service level strategies to increase service access rates and the need for mental health services which are sensitive to the culturally specific issues within the population.
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Karkuki, Osguei Nushin. "The relationship between socio-economic variation and nutritional status of under five year old Nepalese children and their mothers." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648724.
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Woodruff, Sylvia. "Sherpa women." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1988. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/402.
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Luintel, Harisharan. "Do Forest Commons Contribute to International Environmental Initiatives? A Socio-Ecological Analysis of Nepalese Forest Commons in view of REDD+." PDXScholar, 2016. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3087.
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Forests in developing countries have the potential to contribute to global efforts to mitigate climate change, promote biodiversity and support the livelihoods of rural, local people. Approximately one-fourth of such forests are under the control of local communities, which primarily manage forests for subsistence and to meet their livelihood needs. The trend of bottom-up community control is increasing through the adoption of decentralization reforms over the last 40 years. In contrast, the United Nations has introduced the top-down program, Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) for the conservation and enhancement of forest carbon and the sustainable management of forest in developing countries. REDD+ incentivizes forest-managing communities to sequester carbon and reduce emissions. REDD+ has created hope for managing forests to mitigate climate change and has created fear that the new initiative may not be effective and may not ensure continuing forest-managing community benefits. However, little research has been conducted to answer these concerns. By taking nationally representative data from Nepalese community-managed forests (“forest commons"), I bring insights into whether and how these forests can contribute to REDD+ initiatives, particularly as they relate to carbon sequestration, biodiversity, equity in benefit sharing and collective action.
My results indicated the highly variable carbon and biodiversity in the forest plots across the country, depicting the availability of space for additional growth in carbon storage and biodiversity conservation. My results also reflect the complex and varied relationships of carbon with different indices of biodiversity at the national level, across geographic and topographic regions, and in forests with varying canopy covers. Weak positive relationships between carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation indicate the possibility of synergies between carbon-forestry and biodiversity conservation. I also found that the formal community forestry program (CFP) has clearly positive impacts on biodiversity conservation and household-level equity in benefit sharing and a negative impact on carbon sequestration at the national level. However, disaggregated results of impacts of CFP on biodiversity, carbon and equity across geography, topography, forest quality and social groups display mixed results i.e., either positive or negative or neutral. I also identified that different drivers of collective action have different (i.e., positive, neutral, and negative) associations with carbon sequestration, which either supports or challenges established knowledge. In aggregate, my research indicates the potential of contribution by forest commons, and specially the CFP, to global environmental initiatives such as REDD+. It suggests that targeted, dedicated policies and programs to increase carbon sequestration, biodiversity conservation and foster equity and collective actions are critical. In addition, my results also contribute to the growing literature on socio-ecological implications of forest commons that demonstrated the need of interdisciplinary research to understand human-nature relationships in the changing context.
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Sherchan, Dil Prasad. "The potential of Tithonia diversifolia and other species as green manures for highly productive farming systems in the Nepalese Terai." Thesis, Bangor University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367394.
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Heydon, Susan, and n/a. "Modern medicine and the Sherpa of Khumbu : exploring the histories of Khunde Hospital, Nepal 1966-1998." University of Otago. Department of History, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070119.122329.
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The celebrated Sherpas of Himalayan mountaineering, who lived in the rugged high-altitude environment of the Everest area of Nepal, lacked Western style medical services and so iconic New Zealander, Sir Edmund Hillary, 'hero' of Everest, built them a small hospital in 1966. He administered Khunde Hospital through the Himalayan Trust, but with substantial support, since the late-1970s, from the Sir Edmund Hillary Foundation in Canada. Overseas medical volunteers assisted by local staff provided a range of outpatient and inpatient, curative and preventive services. The history of Khunde Hospital, therefore, provides a case study for the introduction of modern medicine, as Sherpas referred to Western or biomedicine, and for the implementation of an overseas aid project.
In my analysis I have moved away from a binary, oppositional examination of a cross-cultural encounter and have situated Khunde Hospital in a conceptual device of 'worlds'. I argue that the hospital existed and operated simultaneously within multiple separate yet interconnected worlds, but do not privilege one discourse over another. These worlds work beyond culture, encompassing institutions, political structures and knowledge communities and were physical, social and intellectual spaces within which there were rules and norms of behaviour that structured action.
In order to explore the histories of Khunde Hospital I set it within four distinct but overlapping worlds: that of Sir Edmund Hillary, the Sherpa, Western medicine and international aid. These are worlds that I have identified as being important for the questions I am looking at. My central discussion is the ongoing encounter between Sherpa beliefs and practices about sickness and modern medicine, particularly looking at the individual patient�s use and non-use of the hospital and how staff there responded. The response was neither a one-way diffusion of Western medical practice, nor a collision between the spirit-suffused system of the Sherpa and scientific biomedicine. People used the hospital for some things but not others, based on their perception as to whether the hospital was the effective, appropriate option to take. Over the years, the hospital and community became used to each other in a relationship that was in practice a coexistence of difference. Each acknowledged and could incorporate aspects of the other�s beliefs and practices when dealing with a person�s sickness, but remained separate.
Using the conceptual device of worlds, however, suggests the need for this example of the introduction and spread of Western medicine to be grounded in a consideration of Hillary�s particular form of aid, the shifting discourse of international medical aid between the 1960s and the 1990s and the unique world of the Sherpa of Khumbu. All of these worlds influenced the provision of health care at and from Khunde Hospital in different ways, sometimes separately but often simultaneously, and at some times and for some issues more than others. People, place and relationships often had as much influence as - and sometimes more than - the medicine. If the key to understanding Khunde Hospital is the relationship between Sherpas and Hillary and the respect that began in a partnership on the mountains in the 1950s, then the multiple worlds of Khunde Hospital underscore the complexities of implementing Sherpa requests to build a hospital in their rugged home near the world�s highest mountain.
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Shrestha, Rup Kumar. "Learning English as a foreign language in a non-native country and speaking in the UK : lived experience of Nepalese students." Thesis, Brunel University, 2007. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5421.
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English language has been applied as a general subject at the tertiary level education in all the faculties of Tribhuvan University (TU), Nepal and treated as a second language (ESL) or a foreign language (EFL). It is also regarded as an international language. The latest change in the curriculum took place in 1997 and since then no research has been done on the effectiveness of the curriculum yet. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the EFL curriculum effectiveness and help to improve it. The idea of this research emerged from my professional experience of teaching English in the TU, where on average 70% of the tertiary level students failed the English language examination every year. The main objective of teaching English is to 'enable the students to understand the native speakers and make understood himself (National Convention 1988). Therefore, this research develops with the following two phenomenological curiosities: 'What is the experience of the successful students like while speaking with native speakers of English? ' and 'How can Nepalese students acquire competence in oral English more effectively? ' As a phenomenological research, unstructured interview method has been applied to collect the lived experience of the focus group of Nepalese students who have been staying in the United Kingdom for less than three months after the completion of the tertiary education in the Tribhuvan University, Nepal. The research justifies the following four different hypotheses:' The tertiary level EFL curriculum in Tribhuvan University has not been successful to achieve the goal of teaching English in a communicative context and for communicative purpose'; 'There is no consistency in the tertiary level EFL curriculum'; 'Acculturation in the English society plays a significant role in acquisition of oral English in Nepalese people'; and 'The Monitor Model hypothesis can be used to monitor the 'acquired knowledge' by 'learned knowledge' to correct grammar and similarly, the 'learned knowledge' can be monitored by 'acquired knowledge' to correct pronunciation for a successful oral communication. It is found out that the acculturation is better process than teaching by non-native teachers in a non-native country for acquisition of oral competence in English. Therefore, the research highly recommends the university to provide English like environment in the classes of English language so that students may experience a kind of acculturation as in an English society. It can be materialized by employing as many native speaking teachers as possible and providing a good library with necessary language teaching materials, like audio-video equipments. The classes should be of ideal size so that teachers can give care to the individual students' progress. The non-native teachers of English should be provided proper training to pronounce English words correctly and to teach using provided teaching materials. The examination should be conducted at least twice a year and should include oral assessments. However, it is realized that though the study has justified the research hypotheses and recommended a new perception for effective EFL curriculum, there are still more scopes for further research in this area, which are discussed at the end of the thesis.