Journal articles on the topic 'Nepalese families'
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1
Singh, Mehta Kalu. "Dealing with Cultural Identities: A Study of Nepalese Families in Tokyo." Contemporary Research: An Interdisciplinary Academic Journal 5, no. 1 (October 25, 2021): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/craiaj.v5i1.40482.
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In recent years, the Nepalese migrant population in Japan has increased exponentially. The number reached 88,951 in 2018, becoming the largest south Asian population in Japan. This number includes people in various visa categories: skilled labor, engineer, business, dependent, student and so on. The number of school children lies somewhere around 10,000. A child born and raised in a culture different to their parents’ culture goes through a complex cultural identity formation process. In this context, this paper explores children’s cultural identity development and promotion by migrant Nepalese families in Tokyo. In particular, it examines which cultural identities they are prioritizing and how they are developing host cultural identities while maintaining their native culture. The experiences of these migrant Nepalese parents were collected through in-depth interviews with 45 parents. The responses suggest that these parents are prioritizing the promotion of a Nepalese cultural identity for their child(ren). Parents focus on promoting and participating in Nepalese festivals, cooking Nepalese food at home, and meeting other Nepalese families in Japan. However, almost every parent expressed their desire for the development of a multicultural sense in their child(ren).
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Donahue, Mark. "A typological investigation of Nepalese languages." Gipan 4 (December 31, 2019): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/gipan.v4i0.35454.
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The languages of Nepal are established as belonging to four families, with the recent addition of Austroasiatic speakers in the east. This paper moves away from language classification into genealogical families, and examines the classification of the languages of Nepal by examining their morphosyntactic features and applying computational methods.
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Mahat, Pashupati, Kevan Thorley, Karuna Kunwar, and Smriti Ghimire. "Mental Health Problems in Nepalese Migrant Workers and their Families." Journal of BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jbpkihs.v4i1.36081.
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In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to describe the mental health problems of Nepalese migrant workers and their family members at home in Nepal. Families of migrant workers left behind in Nepal from nine project districts were interviewed to assess the psychosocial problems and offered appropriate psychosocial counselling. We assessed 747 individual members. Ninety-five returned migrant workers received psychosocial counselling, 67% of whom were male. The majority (56%) of the returnees suffered from anxiety, 23% had depression and 11% had serious mental illness. The left-behind family members amounted to 653, 93% of whom were female. The majority (56%) had anxiety, 26% had depression, 7% expressed suicidal ideation or had attempted suicide, 2% had severe mental illness. We concluded that majority of returning workers and left behind family members suffered from anxiety and depression.
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VALENZUELA-SILVA, PILAR, and MONIT CHEUNG. "NEPALESE LIVING IN HONG KONG: SOCIAL EXCLUSION AND HIGHER EDUCATION ENHANCEMENT." Hong Kong Journal of Social Work 50, no. 01n02 (January 2016): 47–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021924621600005x.
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With a focus on research conducted after Hong Kong reunited with China in 1997, this paper documents how the Nepalese immigrants living in Hong Kong processed their decision to either stay in Hong Kong or return to their home country. A review of 40 studies targeting Nepalese immigrants who chose to stay in Hong Kong found that these families were primarily influenced by: 1) their immigration history, including their roles as Gurkhas in the Hong Kong military and their contributions to the local labor force, and 2) their quality of living in Hong Kong versus Nepal. Among these 40 studies, only seven offered statistics with direct input from Nepalese research participants. Their responses show that the three different generations of Nepalese living in Hong Kong, while contributing to the cultural richness in Hong Kong, have experienced profound social exclusion. This article seeks to compile research findings to define issues facing Nepalese in Hong Kong and offers suggested solutions to the question: How can social workers help Nepalese in Hong Kong obtain economic and educational opportunities to enhance their quality of life? Implications for further research and social service interventions are explored with attention to social inclusion and promoting higher education opportunities.
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Hailu, Meseret F. "Postsecondary schooling ideologies of Nepalese American families in the United States." New Directions for Higher Education 2020, no. 191 (September 2020): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/he.20379.
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Vaidya, Buddha Laxmi, and Laxmi Manandhar. "Chromosome Numbers of some Nepalese Flora." Journal of Natural History Museum 28 (December 19, 2015): 18–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnhm.v28i0.14164.
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Previous and present chromosome counts of 10 Nepalese taxa within 7 families viz. Amaryllidaceae, Asteraceae, Caricaceae, Leguminosae, Nyctaginaceae, Passifl oraceae and Scrophulariaceae are reported here. Diploid or haploid chromosome numbers of the taxa collected from the local gardens of Kathmandu are n=15 in Agapanthus africanus (L.) Hoffmanns (Amaryllidaceae); 2n=48+3B in Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Spreng. (Amaryllidaceae); 2n=18 in Artemisia indica Willd. (Asteraceae); 2n=27 in Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae); 2n=16 in Cicer arietinum L., 2n=14, 21 in Pisum sativum L., 2n=12 in Vicia faba L. (Leguminosae); 2n=28 in Bougainvillea glabra Choisy (Nyctaginaceae); 2n=18 in Passiflora edulis Sims. (Passifloraceae) and 2n= 34 in Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennel (Scrophulariaceae) in the present research. Of these, the chromosome count of Bougainvillea glabra in this research is perhaps the new report. The reports of chromosome number in Artemisia indica, Carica papaya and Bacopa monnieri in the present investigation are confirmed to be different from the previously reported numbers for these taxa. The chromosome number of Agapanthus africanus, Allium tuberosum, Cicer arietinum, Passiflora edulis, Pisum sativum, Vicia faba in the present research tally with the previous reports. The present counts in Bacopa monnieri, Carica papaya and Passiflora edulis are new records for Nepal.J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 28, 2014: 18-33
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Chan, Steve Kwok-Leung. "Enclave Tenement Trap." Environment and Urbanization ASIA 9, no. 2 (August 22, 2018): 198–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975425318783589.
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This article investigates the housing process of ethnic minorities in Hong Kong. The study is an attempt to explain how these minority ethnic groups are filtered and trapped in the private rented housing sector in inner city enclaves. Focus group and in-depth interviews are used to study the low-income Pakistani and Nepalese migrants in two districts in Hong Kong. Affordability, discrimination and locational consideration draw the Pakistani and Nepalese families towards the private rented sector in tenement slums. A model of enclave tenement trap is built based on empirical research conducted in Hong Kong. The model and findings provide directions for civil society institutions and housing policy.
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Kumar, Prakash, Shishir Kumar Barma, and Bharat Raj Subba. "A checklist of fishes of eastern Terai of Nepal." Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 1 (January 24, 2013): 63–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v1i0.7473.
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An attempt has been made to survey the existing fish species of the eastern Terai of Nepal. In three months duration, fifty three fish species belonging to twenty families were recorded. The anthropogenic activities were mostly found responsible for decline of fish species in this region. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v1i0.7473 Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 1: 63-65 (2011)
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Amgain, Ganesh. "Cool Parent Syndrome; Redefining Cool." Europasian Journal of Medical Sciences 1, no. 1 (December 11, 2019): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.46405/ejms.v1i1.12.
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Parenting style also called parental behaviour is the way parents generally relate to their children.1 It is the overall emotional climate in which parents raise their children. It has been divided into four different categories; Authoritative, Authoritarian, Permissive and Uninvolved. Experts recommend parents to follow authoritative parenting styles to the most effective one. But in Nepalese context, authoritarian parenting style runs among the families. Researches have shown that Nepalese parenting style could not be incorporated into a single parenting style as suggested by Baumrind.2 Present day’s parents in Nepalese context, with all the education and modernization, not setting clear rules for the children, and provision of more than enough freedom is found to be cool. Most of the parenting studies only find the correlation between parenting styles and outcomes rather than cause and effect. That’s why, rather than sticking to the specific type of parenting style or be cool with them, it’s crucial to take time and be able to connect to them and address the needs of the children. Keywords: Parenting styles, Cool Parents, Cool Parent Syndrome
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Ellis, Harold. "Ruth Watson FRCS: Surgeon in Nepal." Journal of Perioperative Practice 19, no. 5 (May 2009): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/175045890901900506.
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In 1971, I was sent by the British Council to Nepal to teach and to operate. There, in the little town of Pokhra, I met the most extraordinary woman surgeon that I have ever encountered before or since. Her name was Ruth Watson. She was a slimly built, smiling young woman, dressed in a Nepalese sari and speaking to her staff in fluent Nepalese. She had arrived in Pokhra 20 years before, at the age of 25, and established a hospital there. Initially it was constructed out of matting, but this was soon replaced with corrugated iron Nissen huts. Because the metal walls shone in the blazing Nepalese sunshine the hospital came to be called the ‘Shining Hospital’ by the patients, and the name stuck. It served an enormous population from the far flung villages -mostly poor peasant farmers and their families. By the time of my visit, there were about 50 beds, a small operating theatre and a single-bedded labour ward. Ruth told me that she had once delivered two sets of twins synchronously on that one bed!
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Hollander, D. "Strong Son Preference Among Nepalese Couples May Outweigh Their Desire For Smaller Families." International Family Planning Perspectives 23, no. 1 (March 1997): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2950789.
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Rajbhandari, M., R. Mentel, P. K. Jha, R. P. Chaudhary, S. Bhattarai, M. B. Gewali, N. Karmacharya, M. Hipper, and U. Lindequist. "Antiviral Activity of Some Plants Used in Nepalese Traditional Medicine." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 6, no. 4 (2009): 517–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nem156.
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Methanolic extracts of 41 plant species belonging to 27 families used in the traditional medicine in Nepal have been investigated forin vitroantiviral activity against Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and influenza virus A by dye uptake assay in the systems HSV-1/Vero cells and influenza virus A/MDCK cells. The extracts ofAstilbe rivularis, Bergenia ciliata, Cassiope fastigiataandThymus linearisshowed potent anti-herpes viral activity. The extracts ofAllium oreoprasum, Androsace strigilosa, Asparagus filicinus, Astilbe rivularis, Bergenia ciliataandVerbascum thapsusexhibited strong anti-influenza viral activity. Only the extracts ofA. rivularisandB. ciliatademonstrated remarkable activity against both viruses.
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Aryal, Hari Prasad, and Usha Budathokio. "Macro-fungi of Karhiya Community Forest, western Terai, Nepal." Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 2 (January 24, 2013): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v2i0.7495.
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This is the preliminary report on mycological investigation carried out at Karhiya Community Forest, in Terai region of western Nepal. Phytogeographycally, the area lies within a narrow limit of altitude between 160 and 195 msl in tropical deciduous riverine forest, where major dominant species of macro fungi are Amanita chepangiana, A. caesrea, A. pantherina, Macrolepiota procera, M. rhacodes, Marasamius perforans, M. oreades, Termitomyces clypeatus and T. eurhizeus. The samples collected in the present study represented 26 genera of Basidiomycetes belonging to 18 families and 30 species. The dried specimens are housed in the Nepalese herbaria (TUCH, Kath). The area embraces the mycophagus ethnic communities like Tharu, Magar, Kumal, Majhi, Thakali, Gugung, Girel and Chhantal. The mycoelements prevailing in this area need sustainable utilization and conservation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v2i0.7495 Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 2 : 93-97 (2012)
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Chhetri, Vivek Thapa, Susmita Shrestha, Sapana Thapa, and Sachin Timilsina. "Status and Role of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAPs) in Nepalese Livelihood." International Journal of Environment 10, no. 1 (July 23, 2021): 112–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v10i1.38405.
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Medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs), a principal sub-component of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), are undoubtedly an important source of revenue and rural employment. This review paper explores the current ecological and prioritized status of MAPs by the Government and the practical significance of MAPs in bodily health, lucrative employment to the Nepalese population, and revenue opportunities to the government based on 72 published articles from 1995 to 2021. The Department of Plant Resources (DPR) reported that the number of medicinal plant species has increased from 701 in 2007 to 819 in 2016 with 285 endemic plant species from 43 families, and 238 chemically tested MAPs species for medicinal significance. MAPs are highly prevalent within the 1000-2500m elevation gradient in Nepal. GoN has categorized 30 species for economic development, 12 species for cultivation and research, 12 species for protection, and 237 species for collecting royalties. Around 100 Nepalese NTFPs/MAPs are traded, but only 20 species accounts for 80% of the total trade in terms of volume and value. Nepal ranks 42nd with a value of $7.4 million and 62nd with a value of $3.3 million in exports of MAPs and essential oils, respectively, in 2017. About 80% of the Nepalese population relies on traditional medicine for basic health needs. The NTFPs/MAPs Business Promotion Strategy specifies 20 species for product promotion across Nepal. As current data are still lacking on different uses of MAPs in Nepalese society, this comprehensive review will facilitate herbal specialists, policymakers, scientific researchers, botanists, and various key stakeholders to assure better research and increase the export of MAPs in Nepal. Therefore, this study recommends public, private, and government- agencies to contribute to the infrastructure development through competitive "field-to-market" incentives and funding for the increment of the export of MAPs that directly improve the socio-economic status of the Nepalese people.
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Dhakal, Ajaya Kumar. "Nepalese context: Should physician treat themselves and their family members?" Journal of Kathmandu Medical College 3, no. 4 (September 16, 2015): 174–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v3i4.13379.
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Physicians are individuals with families and friends and it is their duty as well as moral and social obligation to look after their friends and relatives when they become sick. But what should be their role in looking after one’s own sick family members or friends? As far as it is not as a treating physician there should be no problem but if physicians are to take responsibility of treating their family members as a physician, a number of ethical issues arise. Medical advice and medical treatment of family members is a subject of debate. The current codes of ethics of in many countries advise physicians not to treat their family members except in emergency situations and for minor illnesses. What should Nepalese physicians do?Journal of Kathmandu Medical CollegeVol. 3, No. 4, Oct.-Dec., 2014Page: 174-176
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Budha, Prem Bahadur, and Pratistha Shrestha. "Annotated checklist of Collembola of Nepal." Nepalese Journal of Zoology 5, no. 1 (July 6, 2021): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njz.v5i1.38287.
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This is the first annotated checklist of Collembola species of Nepal. It includes 167 collembolan species belonging to 78 genera and 17 families including 45 endemic species. Majority of the Nepalese collembolan species were reported from major trekking routes viz. Mount Everest, Annapurna Conservation Area and Langtang area with very few other locations. The highest record of collembola in Nepal is about 5800 m asl. Southern Terai and Siwalik range remain unexplored.
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Jha, Sasinath, Shiva Kumar Rai, Umesh Koirala, Bhabindra Niroula, Indramani Bhagat, Min Raj Dhakal, and Tej Narayan Mandal. "Vascular plant specimens in Tribhuvan University Herbarium (TUH), Biratnagar, Nepal." Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 1 (January 24, 2013): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v1i0.7475.
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This report comprises the first list of 1019 specimens of vascular plants (Pteridophytes: 25 families and 106 species; Gymnosperms: 9 families and 19 species; Angiosperms: 136 families and 894 species) reposited in the “Tribhuvan University Herbarium (TUH)”, Department of Botany, Post Graduate Campus, Tribhuvan University, Biratnagar, Nepal. These specimens have been collected by students and teachers of the Department of Botany, Post Graduate Campus from various locations of eastern Nepal (tropical to temperate climates; 60 to 3000 m, msl altitudes) since the year 1992 onwards. For the purpose of easy access to the specimens, families within a taxon, genera within a family, and species within a genus are arranged alphabetically. Scientific names provided by Hara et al. (1978, 1979, 1982), Iwatsuki (1988), Koba et al. (1994), Siwakoti (1995), Press et al. (2000), Jha and Jha (2000), and Thapa (2002) have been adopted for the nomenclature of the reposited specimens. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v1i0.7475 Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 1: 83-95 (2011)
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Bhandari, Prem Raj, and Hem Raj Dhakal. "Experiences of Teachers and Students in Multicultural Nepalese Classrooms." KMC Journal 4, no. 2 (August 26, 2022): 238–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kmcj.v4i2.47781.
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This article explores the teachers’ behaviour and students’ experiences in multicultural classrooms in Nepal. Applying the phenomenological qualitative research design, we selected two schools from the study area that have a more diversified population. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with the teachers and students, and a focus group discussion with the students. We used a thematic data analysis procedure to analyze the data. This study found that the schools’ policies are unable to address the needs of culturally different children. The schools have focused on providing economic support to the students rather than addressing their cultural needs. We found that the traditional training packages for teachers were insufficient to deal with multicultural classrooms. Because of a lack of knowledge of cultural, language, and feelings of students’ and families’ background, teachers were unable to deal with the students properly. Although the teachers were sincere on cultural issues nowadays, at the beginning of their career, their practices were not child-friendly. At the same time, we found that the experiences of students were also disgraceful in the school related to culture and language. They had difficulties in classroom adjustment because of being a different culture, they had problems in proper pronunciation and tongue in the Nepali language.
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Subba, Bharat Raj, Prakash Kumar, and Shaligram Adhikaree. "A note on Molluscan diversity and density of some fish ponds of Lalapatti Village Development Committee (VDC), Saptari district, Nepal." Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 1 (January 23, 2013): 8–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v1i0.7463.
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Molluscan diversity of six fish ponds and a river of Lalapatti VDC, Saptari district was studied. In total, ten species of freshwater molluscs belonging to seven families and eight genera were recorded. Among them nine species were found in ponds and five species were recorded in the river samples. Maximum average density was recorded of Bellamya bengalensis (30.38/m2) and minimum for Corbicula alata (0.084/m2) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v1i0.7463 Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 1: 8-10 (2011)
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Maskey, Rekha. "Remittance: It’s Impact and Utilization Trend: A Case Study of Returned Migrant Women of Kathmandu Valley." Voice of Teacher 6, no. 1 (December 24, 2021): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/vot.v6i1.44076.
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Foreign Labor migration has lured to Nepalese and huge numbers of youths left the country daily for jobs abroad. Mainly unemployment is the cause that has encouraged people for foreign labour migration on one hand; it too has been a global issue on the other. With globalization and liberalization, the trend of going people from one place to another has intensified. Today, foreign employment among both male and female has become a significant aspect in strengthening the country's economy. The study entitled as Remittance: Its Impact and Utilization Trend (A Case Study of Returned Migrant Women of Kathmandu Valley) has been conducted to analyze the role of remittance. For this noble cause, researcher has adapted exploratory and descriptive research design where purposive sampling has been applied along with proper interpretation of both qualitative and quantitative data. This study has tried to provide a clear picture of contribution of Nepalese Women migrant Workers for supporting their families. The significant factor of remittances and changes felt by the migrants are highlighted throughout the text. Researcher hopes that the description, findings, conclusion and recommendation of the research will be useful to the agencies which are programming on the issues, academicians, students and others and will increase consciousness of the migrant workers, their families and the agencies which support women to send them to foreign lands safely.
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Dulal, Lok Nath. "Sculpture of Panchayan Deities of National Museum: An Illustrative Stone Work of Nepal." International Journal of Culture and History 9, no. 1 (February 3, 2022): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijch.v9i1.19534.
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Historical evidence proves the history of sculpturing art is as old as the history of human beings. The findings of stone sculpture and other forms of art from the different prehistoric sites of Europe, Africa and Asia have strongly supported the above mentioned acquaintance. It means the tradition of sculpturing stone art has evolved from the pre- historic culture in the world. Likewise, the tradition of creating stone sculpture and other forms of stone art also existed from the pre- historic age in Nepalese society. It is justified through the findings of hand axes and other different art objects which are being displayed in the National Museum. There are some noteworthy illustrations of Nepalese stone art in different museums abroad and in Nepal as well. Out of Nepalese stone sculptures, Panchayan deities of the national museum are considered an important specimen through religious, cultural, style, skill and technological perspectives. In this stone panel the figures of Shiva, Vishnu, Surya, Ganesh and goddess have been depicted. In Nepal, there are plenty of sculptures and paintings of these gods and goddess in single and with their families as well. But such a sculpture of this kind which has been exhibited in the stone work section of the national museum is very rare. Therefore, it is claimed that the panel is one of the important sculptures of Panchayan gods of Nepal. In this article, regarding the different issues of such sculptures going to be examined.
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Tisdell, Clem, and Gopal Regmi. "Push-and-Pull Migration and Satisficing versus Optimizing Migratory Behavior: A Review and Nepalese Evidence." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 9, no. 2 (June 2000): 213–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719680000900204.
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Most theories of migration assume homogenous optimizing behavior by economic agents. In contrast Lipton assumes heterogeneity of group behavior — rich persons optimize whereas poor persons are more reactive than proactive. Hence, the migratory decisions of the rural poor are more likely to be influenced by push factors while pull factors more likely apply to the rural rich. In this article, push and pull factors are associated with satisficing and optimizing migratory behavior, respectively. To some extent, Nepalese data support Lipton's hypotheses concerning migration and remitting behavior of poor and rich families.
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Sarma, Hemen, Jnanashree Borah, and Tirthankar Sarma. "Socio-cultural Status of Dairy Farmers of Nepalese Community of Guwahati Metropolitan area of Assam, India." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 28, no. 08 (2022): S217—S224. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2022.v28i08s.033.
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Commercial dairy farming in Assam had begun during the British period. After establishing a bond with Nepal through signing the treaty of Segowali in 1816, the British Government encouraged the migration of Gorkhas from Nepal with their families permanently to Assam, and some other parts of India. After the Yandaboo treaty in 1826 the Gorkha army men along with the British reached Burma and the kinsman of the gorkha soldiers accompanied them were offered to rear buffaloes there as sundry activities (Upadhaya, 2017). The Nepalese thereafter have been continuing the said activities as prime business in different parts of Assam. To perform any activity, profit is a major economic factor which is directly linked with the social transformation and economic change. The profit of the dairy farmers is directly linked with some factors such as investment pattern, supply of milk, engagement of labour and cost of feeds, etc. Like the other dairy farmers, the dairy farmers basically the Gorkhas or the Nepalese of the Guwahati Metropolitan Area are also mainly dependent for their livelihood on the profitability of milk production and this profitability directly influences the economic and social status of the dairy farmers living in this area.
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Adhikari, Govinda Prasad, and Thuma Kumari Paudel. "Status of Nepalese Orphan through Parental Death in Foreign Labour Migration." Cognition 4, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/cognition.v4i1.46439.
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Migration is one of the components of the demographic Process. Parental migration has both positive and negative impacts on child development. Trends of death and injury in foreign labour migration are increasing. The death rate of male migrants is higher than female migrants in foreign employment. Parental deaths were observed higher for province one. The absence of the parents will impact the health and education of children. This study aims to analyse the impact on Nepalese orphans through parental death in foreign labour migration. This study has used quantitative information through secondary sources to achieve the research objectives. The major secondary sources are national and international publications, reports and journals. Information on school students, the injured or death status of the parents and scholarship status of children has been collected from the foreign employment promotion board of Nepal. All provinces are purposively selected as most foreign labour migrant provinces. Finally, data were presented in tabular and graphic form. Data were analysed in a descriptive method. The death of foreign labour migrants is increasing in Nepal. The absence of parents due to foreign labour migration in the family has increased negative effects on child health and education. The major causes of parental death are disease, accident, natural cause and investigation pending. The major death occurrence countries are Saudi Arabia, Malaysia and Qatar. The government’s major social programs to support orphan and their families are injury benefit compensation and student scholarship programs, medicine support, rescue, and transportation of the dead body, orientation and training and other support
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Chandler, Peter J. "The families Diastatidae and Campichoetidae (Diptera, Drosophiloidea) with a revision of Palaearctic and Nepalese species of Diastata Meigen." Insect Systematics & Evolution 18, no. 1 (1987): 1–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187631287x00016.
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AbstractRelationships of the genera included in the family Diastatidae by Duda (1934) are considered and their position in the Drosophiloidea is assessed. A family Campichoetidae is recognised following Griffiths (1972) for Campichoeta Macquart and the inclusion of Euthychaeta Loew and the fossil genus Pareuthychaeta Hennig in that family is confirmed. Contrary to Griffiths (op. cit.), however, the family Diastatidae is retained for Diastata Meigen alone, because of its many differences from the Ephydridae and Risidae to which it is allied. Euthychaeta spectabilis Loew is redescribed and characterised; a lectotype is designated; male and female genital structure is figured. For Campichoeta Macquart the five European species are keyed and new distribution data provided; male genitalia are figured and a lectotype is designated for C. punctum (Meigen). The Palaearctic and Nepalese species of Diastata are revised; 19 species are recognised - 11 of them described as new: 9 European species include nebulosa (Fallén), fuscula (Fallén), costata Meigen, adusta Meigen, ornata Meigen, vagans Loew, cervinala sp.n., boreonigra sp.n. and flavicosta sp.n.; 1 from the Far East, ussurica Duda and 9 from Nepal, basdeni Okada, okadai sp.n., macula sp.n., lugubris sp.n.,flavipes sp.n., mirabilis sp.n., rustica sp.n., hirsuta sp.n. and dolorosa sp.n. D. ornata is raised from synonymy while D. unipunctata Zetterstedt is placed in synonymy under adusta Meigen, modesta Melander under costata Meigen, fulvifrons Haliday and inornata Loew under fuscula (Fallén). Male genitalia are figured for all species, female ovipositors for 13 species. Available type material of Diastata has been examined and lectotypes have been designated where applicable: nebulosa (Fallén), fuscula (Fallén), costata Meigen, fulvifrons Haliday, vagans Loew, inornata Loew, unipunctata Zetterstedt and excluded from Diastata - anus Meigen, díadema Meigen and gracilipes Meigen. All names of Palaearctic species proposed in Diastata are discussed; 12 names do not belong to either family but only 4 of them can be positively identified, i.e. anus Meigen = Curtonotum anus (Meigen) (Curtonotidae); leucopeza Meigen and diadema Meigen both = Aulacigaster leucopeza (Meigen) (Aulacigastridae); gracilipes Meigen = Campsicnemus species, probably picticornis Zetterstedt (Dolichopodidae).
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Renzaho, Andre, Stanley Chitekwe, Wen Chen, Sanjay Rijal, Thakur Dhakal, Ingrid R. Chikazaza, and Pradiumna Dahal. "Impact of a multidimensional child cash grant programme on water, sanitation and hygiene in Nepal." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 8, no. 3 (April 12, 2018): 520–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2018.006.
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Abstract The study evaluated the impact of a multidimensional child cash grant (CCG) programme on safe water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) outcomes. The intervention district received a CCG providing 200 Nepalese Rupee per month for up to two children for poor families with children under five, a capacity building component for effective child sensitive social protection, and behaviour change activities in addition to existing standard social welfare services in the form of targeted resource transfers (TRTs) for eligible families. The control district received only TRTs for eligible families. Propensity scores were used in difference-in-differences models to compare the changes over time between the intervention and control groups. The intervention resulted in a 5.5% (p < 0.01), 46.6% (p < 0.001) and 42.2% (p < 0.001) percentage points reduction in the proportion of households reporting drinking water from unimproved sources, having unimproved sanitation facilities, and practising unsanitary disposal of children's faeces, respectively. However, the prevalence of households practising inadequate water treatment methods did not differ between the intervention and comparison districts. In order to achieve WASH coverage in Nepal, strategies to scale up the intervention need to consider a social protection programme embedding different financial incentive and integrated capacity mechanisms.
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Bhattarai, Nirmal K. "Traditional Herbal Medicines Used to Treat Wounds and Injuries in Nepal." Tropical Doctor 27, no. 1_suppl (January 1997): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00494755970270s114.
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In rural Nepalese societies, due to the lack of modern health services and facilities, folk herbal preparations are still the dominant method of therapy for common ailments. These remedies are fairly well accepted, easily available, bear a minimal cost and are generally the only available resource. Information on the curative properties of 42 plant species from 40 genera and 23 families that are used to treat wounds and injuries, has been documented. These herbal remedies are based on ancestral knowledge and personal experience. Their successful use indicates that they are alive and functioning in the rural localities. Although the techniques of preparation of drugs or dosage forms employed by traditional healers have generally been observed to be poor and in most cases do not comply with the requirements of modern pharmaceutical practices, there are trends towards the development and modernization of practice including the standardization of specific dosage, storage of drugs, use of specific types of containers and their labelling. A critical evaluation of the phytochemistry and pharmacology of the alleged curative plants and the traditional pharmaceutical practices employed has been strongly recommended. In rural Nepalese societies, the number and distribution of traditional herbal practitioners and faith healers greatly exceed all other health workers. Their influence should be applied to the task of motivating the rural populace to adopt authentic herbal remedies and other health-related hygienic behaviour.
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Aryal, Gokarna Raj. "The Role of Remittance on Socio-Economic Progress in Nepal." Journal of Population and Development 3, no. 1 (October 10, 2022): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpd.v3i1.48804.
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This research paper examines the contribution of remittance on socio-economic development of Nepal. The specific objectives are to study the trends, patterns and diversifications of foreign labor migration. This study uses entirely secondary data. The majority of Nepali families earn their income through foreign employment. Nepal has about 200 years’ long history of receiving international remittance, as a sum of money transferred from foreign migrant workers to individual or their families in their homeland. The Gulf Cooperation Council and Malaysia are the major destination countries for Nepalese workers. The report of National Planning Commission 2020/21 shows Nepal received NPR 961.05 billions remittance from 128 different countries constituting 22.5 percent of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The report of economic survey 2020/21 shows annual per capita income of Nepal reached 1, 381 US dollars in 2021, with an increment of about 11 percent to the previous year. Migration and remittance have contributed to increase the per capita income of Nepal over the years along with significant change in the social development.
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Dangol, DR. "Species Composition, Distribution, Life Forms and Folk Nomenclature of Forest and Common Land Plants of Western Chitwan, Nepal." Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science 26 (April 1, 2005): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jiaas.v26i0.662.
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This paper enumerates 349 plant species belonging to 77 families of vascular plants collected in the winter seasons of 1996 and 2000 by the flora teams of the Population and Ecology Research Laboratory, Nepal. Of the total species, 249 species belong to dicotyledons, 87 species to monocotyledons and 13 species to pteridophytes. Among the families, dicotyledons contributed the highest number of families (55 in number) followed by monocotyledons and pteridophytes. In the study areas, species composition varies with the type of habitats in the study plots. Some species are unique in distribution. The highest unique species are contributed by common lands (87 spp.), followed by the Chitwan National Park forest (36 spp.) and Tikauli forest (32 spp.). Ageratum houstonianum Mill., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv., Rungia parviflora (Retz.) Nees, Saccharum spontaneum L. and Thelypteris auriculata (J. Sm.) K. Iwats are the most common species across all the research blocks. Of the listed plants, many plants have local names either in Nepalese or other tribal languages. Plants are named in different ways on the basis of habit, habitat, smell, taste, and morphological characters of the plants, which are also the basis of nomenclature in plant taxonomy.
Key words: Folk name, plant biodiversity, plant distribution, species composition analysis
J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 26:93-105 (2005)
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Jha, Kanchan, and Bharat Raj Subba. "Studies on birds of Biratnagar Sub-Metropolis, Nepal." Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 1 (January 23, 2013): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v1i0.7468.
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Biratnagar sub-metropolis is a good habitat for several bird species but in the past three decades drastic changes have taken place in the environment of this place because of anthropogenic activities. Several commonly visible birds’ species do not turn out at present. Habitats of birds have shrunk here in such a way that very limited species of birds have become successful to show representatives in this situation. Considering gradual loss of habitats and their inhabitants, an attempt was made to study the present bird status. In the observation of seven months, seventy two species of birds belonging to thirty two families were recorded. The birds recorded, were residents (72.17%), winter visitors (23.59%) and summer visitors (4.16%). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v1i0.7468 Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 1: 37-40 (2011)
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Kwok, Kim, and Sylvia Kwok Lai Yuk Ching. "Navigating Stigma and Discrimination: Experiences of Migrant Children with Special Needs and Their Families in Accessing Education and Healthcare in Hong Kong." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 10 (May 13, 2022): 5929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19105929.
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This paper explores the barriers to supporting South Asian (Pakistani, Nepalese and Indian) migrant children with special needs that their families encountered navigating Hong Kong’s special needs system and accessing education and healthcare services. It adopts concepts of stigma and disability rights. It draws on semi-structured interviews with fifteen South Asian children and young people with special needs (age 5–21; M = 10; F = 5) and their families, and seven professional practitioners based on the qualitative descriptive method. Informants experienced intersecting stigmatization that included (1) institutional exclusion, (2) daily life microaggressions, and (3) misunderstandings and a lack of awareness education. Simultaneously, some were empowered through (4) support and accommodation, and (5) spiritual support from religion. This paper reveals a paradox embodied by Hong Kong; it is an Asian multicultural city committed to embracing the vision of disability inclusion while failing to ensure necessary support to reduce the stigma experienced by culturally diverse children with a disability. It makes recommendations based on a socioecological framework and concludes that concerted efforts by relevant authorities and organizations should be made to reduce stigma by taking into consideration the intersecting stigmas, specific resources unique to migrant communities, disability rights and cultural sensitivity.
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Limbu, Kul Prasad, and Bhara Raj Subba. "Status of key faunal species in Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve after Koshi flood disaster 2008." Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 1 (January 23, 2013): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v1i0.7469.
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Present survey was carried out from April 16th to December 15th of 2009 with a view to assess the key faunal species of Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve such as Birds, Gangetic Dolphin, Wild water buffalo, different species of fish and their habitats after Koshi flood disaster 2008. Several trips were made within the KTWR using boat for surveying dolphin census, to make checklist of birds and fishes and to study wild water buffalo status. Among 120 species of birds belonging to 44 families and 103 genera were sighted, 27 species were found as winter visitor, 4 species as summer visitor and 89 species as resident birds. The census of Gangetic Dolphin was conducted in the Koshi river course starting from Rajabas to Koshi Barrage (36 km) in November-December 2009. The census concluded with a sighting of 6 dolphins in the river section north of Koshi Barrage upto Rajabas and 5 dolphins in the downstream of Koshi Barrage. The status of wild water buffalo was also studied in different areas of KTWR. Regular collection of fish enlisted 64 species belonging to 15 families and 40 genera. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v1i0.7469 Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 1: 41-54 (2011)
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Bhattarai, K. R., I. E. Måren, and R. P. Chaudhary. "Medicinal plant knowledge of the Panchase region in the Middle Hills of the Nepalese Himalayas." Banko Janakari 21, no. 2 (November 10, 2013): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v21i2.9127.
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Use of plants as medicine has been practiced all over the world since the dawn of human civilisation. In the Himalayas, many medicinal plants yield essential ecosystem services/ benefi ts for the subsistence farmers, many of which grow in the forest ecosystem. However, documentation of traditional medicine and medicinal plants used by local communities is rather poor in Nepal. Panchase forest, Central Nepal, is home of many wild plants, used in traditional medicine, and a livelihood source for many ethnic groups. This study was conducted to document medicinal plant knowledge and plant use in the treatment of different ailments. To explore the ethnobotanical knowledge interviews were conducted with local healers, plant traders and knowledgeable villagers. The study provides information on 45 plant species, belonging to 32 families under 44 genera. The studied medicinal plants were found to be useful for treating 34 different ailments. The study which has 57% resemblance with previous studies. We conclude that a wealth of ethnobotanical knowledge still persists in the Panchase region. However, due to land use change and migration it needs to be preserved for the future through extensive publications and disseminations.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v21i2.9127Banko Janakari Vol. 21, NO. 2, 2011 Page:31-39 Uploaded date: 10 November, 2013
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Sharma, Bal Krishna. "Theses from OCMS: Funerary Rites in Nepal: Cremation, Burial and Christian Identity." Transformation: An International Journal of Holistic Mission Studies 35, no. 3 (July 2018): 192–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265378818808944.
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This study explores and analyses funerary rite struggles in a nation where Christianity is a comparatively recent phenomenon, and many families have Christian and Hindu, Buddhist and Traditionalist ( kiranti) members, who go through traumatic experiences at the death of their family members. The context of mixed affiliation raises questions of social, psychological and religious identity for Christian converts, which are particularly acute after a death in their family. Using empirical research, this thesis focuses on the question of adaptation and identity in relation to church life, within the familial and social sphere of individual Christians and within the wider society in which they live, particularly with reference to death and disposal. This research has used an applied theology approach to explore and analyse the findings in order to address the issue of funerary rites with which the Nepalese church is struggling. For the need of adaptation, this study seeks to understand the funerary rites of the host culture alongside Jewish-Christian characteristics of adaptation, especially in terms of the Nepalese Evangelical Christian context. It also poses the challenge of finding an identity in a wider cultural and societal milieu. The case studies and interviews have portrayed tripartite relationships and tensions between an individual, family and church or community at the death in a ‘split’ family where a Christian convert’s loyalty to the deceased and the family is tested. Participation and non-participation in the last rites create problems for both the church and the family, and some solution needs to be found. The study has discovered that adaptation of the technique of the funerary rites, rather than of their content, could ease this tension in a ‘split’ family, and enhance a family and community’s reconciliation and solidarity. The mode of disposal, whether burial or cremation, could be used and a theology of cremation be developed in order to provide a theological framework.
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Ezaki, Naruho. "Relation between educational qualifications and occupations/incomes in a globalised world: focusing on Nepalese youth." International Journal of Comparative Education and Development 23, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 23–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijced-12-2020-0088.
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PurposeGlobalisation drives many people to seek overseas employment. However, research on the relation between educational attainment and occupations/incomes mostly focuses on domestic workers while excluding overseas migrant workers. Therefore, the present study includes overseas migrant labourers and aims to examine the relation between educational attainment and occupations/incomes and gender disparity within this relation in Nepal.Design/methodology/approachThis study conducted interview surveys with teachers and home-visit surveys with the subjects and their families based on the school records to collect information such as educational attainment, current occupation, monthly income, etc. The study compared occupations and incomes by educational attainment and gender and analysed the trend. Gender disparity in average monthly incomes was also analysed.FindingsThe results of this study registered almost no difference in the proportions of mental labour and high incomes for both males and females at the primary to secondary education echelons. Surprisingly, the average monthly incomes of females were around 60% or less than the remunerations offered to male workers with equivalent educational qualifications. This disparity does not narrow even at the higher educational classifications. Moreover, the disparity is widening even more by overseas migrant labour.Originality/valueSince this study gathered extensive data on individual youth and did not rely on secondary data, it was possible to perform an in-depth analysis and accurately portray the real situation faced by Nepalese youth. Moreover, by including overseas migrant labourers, the study could examine the relation between educational attainment and occupations/incomes not only in the domestic market but also in the global market.
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Gaudel, Yadav Sharma. "Remittance Income in Nepal: Need for Economic Development." Journal of Nepalese Business Studies 3, no. 1 (March 29, 2007): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnbs.v3i1.491.
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ABSTRACT
Remittance as a major source of foreign currency to the developing nation has become a substantial component of making current account surplus in the balance of payments. It is argued that many workers from Nepal going abroad for employment are no doubt young, energetic, laborious and enthusiastic. They do hard work for earning large remittance income to support their families. However, the downside of remittances reflects the view that remaining young generation for long time outside without family may increase their vulnerability and ultimately they will have a tendency to leave their homeland. Thus, in order to recover the loss of economically active labor force to the domestic economy, they should be encouraged to come back again with skilled knowledge for utilizing their savings and working experience for development to the productive areas in accordance with the priority of the national development plans.
Journal of Nepalese Business StudiesIII/I pp. 9-17
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Matangulu, Mohana, Smriti Gurung, Meera Prajapati, and Rabindra Jyakhwo. "Macroinvetebrate Assemblages as Indicators of Water Quality of the West Seti River, Bajhang, Nepal." International Journal of Environment 6, no. 3 (August 24, 2017): 25–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v6i3.18096.
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Water quality of the West Seti River, a tributary of the Karnali in West Nepal was assessed using macroinvertebrates as bioindicators. The main objective of the study was to assess the ecological water quality of the West Seti River and to generate a baseline data on macroinvertebrate assemblages. The sampling was conducted during December 2015 and a total of 11 sampling sites were selected from the West Seti River and its tributaries. Qualitative samples of macroinvertebrates were collected from different habitats. Selected physico-chemical parameters such as pH and temperature were estimated on-site. Dissolved oxygen (DO) was estimated by Winkler’s method. The macroinvertebrate samples were enumerated and identified up to Family level following standard literature. Chi-square test was performed to see whether macroinvertebrate taxa varied significantly along the altitudinal gradient and between the West Seti River and its tributaries. An ecological assessment tool Nepalese Biotic Score/ Average Score Per Taxon (NEPBIOS/ASPT) was applied to assess the water quality of the sampling sites. The pH value ranged from 7.9 to 8.7 indicating the alkaline nature of the river. A total of 1666 individuals belonging to 34 Families and 7 Orders of macro-invertebrates were observed. The highest diversity of the macroinvertebrate taxa was observed at site T5 with nineteen Families whereas the lowest taxa diversity was observed at R3 with only five Families. The variation in macroinvertebrate assemblages between the sub-tropical and temperate zones; and the West Seti River and its tributaries were not significant. NEPBIOS/ASPT revealed a score of Water Quality Class of III-IV at Site R3 indicating that the site was polluted. This site was characterized by the abundance of red Chironomids which are considered as the indicators of organic pollution.International Journal of EnvironmentVolume-6, Issue-3, Jun-Aug 2017, page: 25-45
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Gautam, Kamal. "Child Marriage in Nepal: Stakeholders’ Perspective." Journal of Health Promotion 7 (September 6, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jhp.v7i0.25489.
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This study is about child marriage in Nepal from stakeholder’s perspective. It includes school going girls, women, teachers, health post staffs and local politicians as stakeholders and intends to find the situation, effects and perfectives of stakeholders on child marriage in Nepalese context. It comprises both qualitative and quantitative aspects followed by interview schedule and FGDs as tools. Fathers, relatives and friends were responsible for the incidence of early marriage in study site. Regarding effects, problems to become self dependent and deprivation of opportunity are the major effects that respondents had to face in their life. Workload in the families seems another effect to be faced followed by health problems to be experienced. Bleeding during pregnancy, low count of RBC, weakness, postpartum complications were seen in mothers during and after child births. Teenage mothers being more likely to experience complications during pregnancy and less likely to be emotionally, physically and psychologically prepared to deal with pregnancy related challenges, which often leads to maternal illness and consequently death was seen as the main conclusion of this study.
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Pokharel, Ramesh. "Classical Music in the Shah and Rana Era: 1768 - 1951 A.D." SIRJANĀ – A Journal on Arts and Art Education 6, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sirjana.v6i1.39674.
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The tradition of classical music was more justified during the Shah and Rana Dynasty’s ruling. During the time the cultural import from neighboring India and the wide appreciation of music by kings and the Royal Palace of Nepal show the influence of Classical music among the Shah and Rana families. Some Rana Prime Ministers wanted to promote classical music but in practice most music was limited to the Royal palace and Rana family. Music Education, as well as all kinds of formal education were banned for the citizens of Nepal during the Rana regime. Those who were close to the Rana family and the palace were supposed to learn classical music from the patronized Ustaad /Pundit of the Palace and private teachers as well. This paper attempts to discuss the overall developing trends of classical music during Shah and Rana periods of Nepal in relation to development, extension and its practices in Nepalese society. All evidences have been taken from several documentaries. Whatever we practice as classical music today has taken the step of development in those periods. The evidence shows that especially raga based different Music genres were practiced and flourished in those periods.
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Rana, Anju, and Jeevan Chhetri. "ASSESSMENT OF RIVER WATER QUALITY USING MACRO-INVERTEBRATES AS INDICATORS: A CASE STUDY OF BHALU KHOLA TRIBUTARY, BUDHIGANDAKI RIVER, GORKHA, NEPAL." International Journal of Environment 4, no. 3 (August 24, 2015): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i3.13230.
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Macroinvertebrates are widely considered as indicators of water quality. The present research work was conducted in Bhalu khola, a tributary of Budhigandaki River, Nepal, to identify water quality using macro invertebrates with Nepalese Biotic Score (NEPBIOS), and examine its applicability by comparing with Water Quality Index (WQI).The diversity of macro invertebrates in the studied river was high as depicted by Shannon Wiener Diversity Index. Altogether, 103 macro invertebrates were identified from 11 families and five orders. There were no dominant species, and most of the species were in clumped distribution. According to NEPBIOS index, river water was found to comply with the characteristics of WQ class I-II that means water quality of the river was good. Other indices such as Hilsenhoff and Lincoln quality index (LQI) index also supported this result. Similarly, water quality index (WQI) also showed similarity with NEPBIOS index, indicating water appropriate for drinking purpose. Thus, it is concluded that the macro invertebrates can be used as economic tools for determining water quality of streams and rivers as efficient water quality indicators.International Journal of Environment Volume-4, Issue-3, June-August 2015Page: 55-68
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NIEDBAŁA, WOJCIECH, and SERGEY G. ERMILOV. "New and interesting species of ptyctimous mites (Acari, Oribatida) from Nepal." Zootaxa 4472, no. 1 (September 7, 2018): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4472.1.10.
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The present study is based on ptyctimous oribatid mite material (Acari, Oribatida) collected in Nepal in 1980 and 1995. A list of identified taxa, including 18 species from 12 genera and five families, is provided; of these, Apoplophora pantotrema, Euphthiracarus carinatus, Phthiracarus boresetosus and Ph. setosus are recorded for the first time in the Nepalese fauna. Two new species of the genus Plonaphacarus (Steganacaridae) are described: P. diutissimus Niedbała sp. nov. differs from P. machadoi (Balogh, 1958), P. tanzicus (Mahunka, 1993), P. ngongi Niedbała, 2001 and P. styphelos Niedbała, 2001by the length of lamellar and notogastral setae, number of notogastral lyrifissures, and the morphology of setae d on leg femora I; P. pugionis Niedbała sp. nov. differs from P. kaluzi Niedbała, 2013 by the morphology of sensilli, arrangement of notogastral setae c1–3, length of subcapitular setae h, morphology of adanal setae ad2, and the localization of setae d on leg femora, and from H. similis Niedbała, 2000 by the shape of sensilli, rostral and notogastral setae and arrangement of notogastral setae c1-3. The supplementary description of Euphthiracarus carinatus Liu, Wu & Chen, 2011 (Euphthiracaridae) is given.
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Maharjan, Sharmila. "Psycho-social perspective of COVID-19 in Nepal." Applied Science and Technology Annals 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/asta.v1i1.30290.
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This ‘opinion article’ is based on World Health Organization (WHO) news and online publications along with the cases handled by the writer. It aims at overviewing psycho-social angle of collectivistic social structure of Nepal during the pandemic called COVID-19 caused by Coronavirus. Majority of Nepalese are dependent on agriculture, remaining on private or public services either in or out of the country. COVID-19 entered the world health threatening their existence, authority and leaving social system in halt. Coronavirus attacked breathing system and lungs claiming hundreds of thousand people’s lives around the world. No vaccine or medicine to combat it has been developed till date. Educational, professional and service organizations have been shut down leaving families isolated from friends and relatives. People are living with fear, denial, panic reactions, dissociation, depression, and socially distressed in ‘lockdown’ condition. It can damage trust in authority and socialization pattern as after-effect. Doctors, Politicians, educators, local government, social workers, psychologists and people themselves can reduce negative psycho-social effects occurring in future. Emotional management (situational awareness and acceptance), relationship management, meditation and relaxation exercises can contribute positively in reducing psychological problems of COVID-19.
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Rai, S. K., S. Sharma, K. K. Shrestha, J. P. Gajurel, S. Devkota, M. P. Nobis, and C. Scheidegger. "Effects of the environment on species richness and composition of vascular plants in Manaslu Conservation Area and Sagarmatha region of Nepalese Himalaya." Banko Janakari 26, no. 1 (August 23, 2016): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v26i1.15496.
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This study analyzed how the environmental conditions constrained the species richness and composition in the four river valleys of Central Nepal i.e. two from Manaslu Conservation Area (MCA) and two from Sagarmatha region. Topographical, bioclimatic and measured variables were used to analyze their effects on the vascular plant diversity along elevation and land use gradients. Altogether, 148 plots were established at five elevation levels between 2,200 m and 3,800 m above the mean sea level. Four land use types namely crop field, meadow, exploited forest and natural forest were sampled at each elevation level. Altogether, 790 species of vascular plants belonging to 114 families were recorded; Asteraceae had the highest number of species (84) followed by Rosaceae (52) and Poaceae (50). Explorative data analysis of species composition by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that the topographical variables explained the composition better than both the bioclimatic set of variables and the logger data. However, all groups of variables revealed significant effects on species composition. Generalized Linear Model (GLM) also revealed significant effects of elevation, land-use types, slope angle, aspect, temperature and precipitation on species richness. Banko JanakariA Journal of Forestry Information for NepalVol. 26, No. 1, Page: 3-16, 2016
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Gurung, Meenakshi, Sudha Sen Malla, Bipul Rajbhandari, and Barsha Bajracharya. "Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) on Oral Health among students of Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences." Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital 21, no. 1 (July 7, 2022): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v21i1.39856.
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Background: Oral health plays an important role in the overall health of the individual. Both medical and nursing students are expected to possess good oral health awareness and work together for public health promotion especially in developing countries like Nepal. The aim of the study is to assess and compare Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) on Oral Health among students of Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences (NAIHS) Methods: This is a cross sectional questionnaire based study conducted at Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences, from 2020.10.15 to 2021.04.15. A total of fourteen standard structured close ended questionnaire was sent to all the medical and nursing students in g- mail to assess and compare KAP on Oral Health. Result: Among 200 MBBS students, 157, 184, 200 had knowledge about sugar, bacteria and not brushing respectively which causes dental caries and 163 had knowledge about benefits of fluoride on dental health. On the other hand out of 200 nursing students 147, 178, 200 had knowledge about sugar, bacteria and not brushing respectively which causes dental caries and 152 had knowledge about benefits of fluoride on dental health. On an average 88% of MBBS students had good knowledge about dental caries whereas 84.62% of nursing students had good knowledge about dental caries. More of nursing students had attitude of visiting dentist in a year than medical students whereas more of medical students had never visited a dentist. Among 200 MBBS students 143 (71.5%) were found brushing twice daily, 121 (60.5%) brushes after every meal (i.e. morning and night), 35 (17.5%) followed proper vertical tooth brushing technique and as for the duration of brushing 104 (52%) brushed for 2 min. On the other hand, among 200 nursing students 152 (76%) were found brushing twice daily, 132 (66%) brushes after every meal, 43 (21.5%) followed proper vertical tooth brushing technique and as for the duration of brushing 116 (58%) brushed for 2 min. Conclusion: Based on the present study the total knowledge on dental caries was found to be significantly higher in MBBS students than nursing students however nursing students had more positive attitudes towards oral health. Oral health practice of nursing students in terms of frequency of brushing, times, method and duration of brushing was also found to be comparatively better than MBBS students. With proper knowledge of oral health behavior, medical and nursing students can play an important role in the oral health education of individuals and groups and act as role models for patients, friends, families and the community at large.
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Paudel, Susan, Alice J. Owen, and Ben J. Smith. "Exploration of Physical Activity Barriers and Facilitators Among Adults in Kathmandu, Nepal." Qualitative Health Research 31, no. 6 (February 16, 2021): 1183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732321993096.
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Previous research suggests that a range of factors influence an individual’s physical activity (PA) participation, but studies among Nepalese adults are limited. In this qualitative study, we aimed to explore the multilevel influences upon PA participation among community-dwelling adults aged 40 years and above living in an urban setting in Kathmandu, Nepal. Men ( n = 21) and women ( n = 30) were purposively sampled to participate in one of nine focus group discussions. Types of PA undertaken constituted activities related to housework, farm work, and active travel. Individual-level barriers included lack of knowledge, lack of motivation, perceptions of already being active, personal limitations, and lack of time. Interpersonal barriers included household responsibilities and lack of support. Broader environmental barriers included lack of infrastructure for active commuting, poor safety, rising use of motorized transport, lack of resting areas, weak social norms about PA, declining agricultural engagement, mechanization, and improved access to technology and facilities. Some differences were observed between the gender and disease groups. Health benefits, integration into domestic work, opportunities for social interaction, and social support were the facilitators. Interventions focusing on families, highlighting the short- and long-term benefits of PA, addressing gender roles, and ensuring women are better supported represent opportunities to promote PA. Community-based interventions will be essential to establish social norms around PA and improve social support.
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B, Khanal, and Chalise HN. "Caregiver Burden among Informal Caregivers of Rural Older Persons in Nepal." Journal of Health Care and Research 1, no. 3 (September 20, 2020): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.36502/2020/hcr.6173.
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Background: Today, people are living longer than ever before due to advances in education, technology, medicine, food distribution, and public health. Longevity has also resulted in a caregiving burden in the family living together. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the situation of the elderly caregiving burden in Nepal. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out in a rural area of Nepal. The total sample size for this study was 150 older persons 65 years and above. The caregiving burden was measured through the widely used scale Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). Results: Mean age of the care recipients (elderly) was 78.46 (±7.78) years and the mean age of the care provider was 46.6 (±46) years. The mean score of the caregiving burden was 12.89 (±5.7). The majority of the caregiver has reported little or no burden (88%), 10% mild to the moderate burden, 1.33% moderate to severe burden and only one respondent (0.67%) has reported severe burden. Marital status, ethnicity, religion, living arrangement, and functional limitations on activities on daily living were significant variables related to caregiving burden. Conclusion: This study shows the caregiving burden is quite low among Nepalese care providers living in a rural area. Given the growing number of elderly people, there is an urgent need to care for the wellbeing of dependent older people and their families.
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Baral, Sabitri, and Ratna K. Jha. "Growing Trend in Application of Age-Stage, Two-Sex Life Table Theory in Diverse Ecological and Pest Management Studies." Journal of the Plant Protection Society 5 (December 31, 2018): 56–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpps.v5i0.37758.
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Life table is an effective tool for characterizing the demography of an arthropod to understand the phenomenon in pest population development which is a key for developing IPM strategy. Age-stage, two-sex life tables provide comprehensive insights into the stage differentiation of an arthropods, compared with the traditional female age-specific life tables and any other forms of life tables. The age-stage, two-sex life table approach is applied in diverse type of ecological and pest management research. This article is intended to draw attention of Nepalese researchers towards the significance of demographic studies for development of IPM strategy, advancements in application of age-stage, two-sex life table approach and its computer programs. Altogether more than 694 peer reviewed papers and PhD theses have been published since 1988. Out of this, 92 papers were sampled and reviewed for this paper. In such papers, demography of diverse 50 species of arthropods classified under 27 different families belonging to 10 orders have been studied using this theory to measure their fitness in diverse food and environment condition, to assess their consumption, predation or parasitism capacity and to project their population growth in different scenario, to forecast the timing of control based on the stage structure of pest populations and to be used in mass rearing and harvesting of predators and preys under biological control program.
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Adhikari, Shiva Hari. "Remittances and Development in Nepal: A Disaggregated Analysis." Journal of Management and Development Studies 30, no. 1 (April 8, 2021): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmds.v30i1.36350.
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Remittance flows into low/middle-income counties are on a continuous rise and this trend is seen in Nepal as well. There is a constant increase in the number of the Nepalese workers migrating for foreign employment and that has been instrumental to boost the remittance inflow into the country. Remittance is contributing significantly to Gross Domestic Product and is emerging as a backbone of the country’s economy. However, the ways remittances contribute to social development necessitates that many facets of development be explored because they affect the country’s development in multiple ways. This study attempts to analyse the possibility that remittance positively contributes to social development, considering health and educational development as its proxies. Based on the latest available disaggregated educational enrolment and nutrition data of 2009 A.D. by districts, this study analyses the impact of the remittances on school enrolment and improvement in health status of families who remain at home. The results show a significant relationship between remittance and school enrolment but it also shows an insignificant relationship between remittance and health. The findings may be of interest to the countries and the policy makers with remittance being the dominant source of foreign currency. As the results of this study have indicated that remittances may serve as a contributing factor to the educational enrolment for social development.
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Khatri, Bishnu B. "Utilization of Remittance at Household Level: A Case of Khanigaun Village of Resunga Municipality, Gulmi District." Nepalese Journal of Development and Rural Studies 14, no. 1-2 (December 10, 2017): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njdrs.v14i1-2.19643.
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The rural out-migration for labour of Nepal is a common livelihood strategy at household level. The paper tries to assess the utilization of rural-out migrants’ remittance at household level in Khanigaun Village of Resunga Municipality, Gulmi District. The study is mainly based on primary data and utilized mixed method. The primary information collected through household survey and focus group discussions techniques. 120 sample households were selected by using purposive sampling method. The targeted households were those where at least one family member of household who are working in the foreign country or who worked foreign country and have returned now as a labour migration. The data revealed that the major bulk of remittances were used for consumption purposes. Though, household investment in business or traditional productive sectors and savings were rather small, but remittances were also seen as important financial means for investment in human capital (i.e. education, health and hygiene), housing and land purchase. The importance of the repayment of the cost of migration should not be underestimated. Finally, the study concludes that most of migrant families had improved their living standard to some extent from the remittance money so far, either they used productive or not is in the debate. Nepalese Journal of Development and Rural StudiesVol. 14 (Joint issue) (1&2), 2017, Page: 12-20
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Paudyal, Priyamvada, Emily Skinner, Saliha Majeed-Hajaj, Laura J. Hughes, Naresh Khapangi Magar, Debbie Isobel Keeling, Jo Armes, et al. "COVID-19 health information needs of older adults from ethnic minority groups in the UK: a qualitative study." BMJ Open 12, no. 6 (June 2022): e059844. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059844.
Full textAbstract:
ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify the COVID-19 health information needs of older adults from ethnic minority groups in the UK.Study designA qualitative study using semistructured interviews.Setting and participantsIndian and Nepalese older adults (≥65 years), their families (≥18 years) and healthcare professionals (HCPs) (≥18 years) engaging with these communities. Participants were recruited between July and December 2020 from Kent, Surrey and Sussex through community organisations.Results24 participants took part in the study; 13 older adults, 7 family members and 4 HCPs. Thirteen participants were female, and the majority (n=17) spoke a language other than English at home. Older participants mostly lived in multigenerational households, and family and community were key for providing support and communicating about healthcare needs. Participants’ knowledge of COVID-19 varied widely; some spoke confidently about the subject, while others had limited information. Language and illiteracy were key barriers to accessing health information. Participants highlighted the need for information in multiple formats and languages, and discussed the importance of culturally appropriate avenues, such as community centres and religious sites, for information dissemination.ConclusionThis study, undertaken during the COVID-19 pandemic, provides insight into how health information can be optimised for ethnic minority older adults in terms of content, format and cultural relevance. The study highlights that health information interventions should recognise the intersection between multigenerational living, family structure, and the health and well-being of older adults, and should promote intergenerational discussion.