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1
Oliveira Júnior, Amilton Roberto, Weslla Albuquerque De Paula, and Marília Cruz Gouveia Câmara Guerra. "Pain in the newborn: a transversal study about nursing care in neonatal units." Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line 5, no. 7 (August 12, 2011): 1582. http://dx.doi.org/10.5205/reuol.1262-12560-1-le.0507201102.
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ABSTRACT Objective: to determine how the assistance is for newborns, submitted to painful procedures by nurses in neonatal units. Method: a transversal study, held in july 2010, in the Neonatal Units in the city of Caruaru-PE. Data collection was performed with eight nurses, through a structured interview. These data were analyzed quantitatively by means of absolute and relative frequencies. The project was approved by the Ethics Committee in Research Involving Human Subjects from ASCES College, according to protocol No. 063/10. Results: from nurses interviewed, only 12.5% reported always using analgesia during painful procedures in neonates. When asked about the pharmacological interventions used against the neonate with pain, the most cited was the administration of non-opioid analgesic (62.5%). Among the various behavioral changes made by infants with pain, alluded by all nurses, include: motor activity and crying. Conclusion: the nurses notices that the newborn feels pain and uses pharmacological and no-pharmacological interventions for pain’s relief and treatment. However, these results suggest the need of this theme to be worked with these professionals. Descriptors: pain; newborn; neonatal intensive care units; neonatal nursing.RESUMOObjetivo: verificar como ocorre a assistência ao recém-nascido, submetido a procedimentos dolorosos, pelos enfermeiros de unidades neonatais. Método: estudo transversal, realizado em julho de 2010, nas Unidades Neonatais do município de Caruaru-PE. A coleta de dados foi realizada com oito enfermeiros (as), através de entrevista estruturada. Esses dados foram analisados quantitativamente por meio das frequências absoluta e relativa. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa Envolvendo Seres Humanos da Faculdade ASCES, conforme protocolo nº 063/10. Resultados: dos enfermeiros entrevistados, apenas 12,5% referiu sempre utilizar analgesia durante procedimentos dolorosos no recém-nascido. Quando questionados quanto às intervenções farmacológicas utilizadas frente ao neonato com dor, a mais citada foi a administração de analgésico não-opióide (62,5%). Dentre às diversas alterações comportamentais apresentadas pelos neonatos com dor, as aludidas por todos os enfermeiros, incluem-se: choro e atividade motora. Conclusão: os enfermeiros estão enxergando que o recém-nascido sente dor e utilizando intervenções farmacológicas e não-farmacológicas para o seu alívio e tratamento. Entretanto, estes resultados sugerem a necessidade desta temática ser trabalhada com estes profissionais. Descritores: dor; recém-nascido; unidades de terapia intensiva neonatal; enfermagem neonatal.RESUMEN Objetivo: averiguar como ocurre la asistencia al recién nacido, sometido a procedimientos dolorosos por los enfermeros en las unidades neonatales. Método: estudio transversal, realizado en julio de 2010, en las Unidades Neonatales del municipio de Caruaru-PE. La recolección de datos se realizó con ocho enfermeros, mediante entrevista estructurada. Estos datos se analizaron por medio de frecuencias absolutas y relativas. El proyecto fue aprobado por Comité de Ética en Investigación Envolviendo Seres Humanos del Facultad ASCES, bajo protocolo Nº 063/10. Resultados: de los enfermeros entrevistados, sólo 12,5% tiene el uso de analgesia durante procedimientos dolorosos en los neonatos. Cuando se le preguntó acerca de las intervenciones farmacológicas utilizadas en recién nacidos con el dolor, el más citado fue administración de analgésico no opióides (62,5%). Entre los diversos cambios de comportamientos de los niños con dolor, que alude a todos los enfermeros, son: la actividad motora y llanto. Conclusión: las enfermeras perciben el dolor de los recién nacidos y usan las intervenciones farmacológicas y no-farmacológicas para su alivio y tratamiento. Sin embargo, estos resultados hacen pensar en la necesidad de este tema ser trabajado con estos profesionales. Descriptores: dolor; recién nacido; unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales; enfermería neonatal.
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Prasetya, Damar. "Varisela Neonatal." Cermin Dunia Kedokteran 47, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 738. http://dx.doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v47i12.1239.
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<p>Varisela atau cacar air merupakan infeksi primer virus varicella zoster. Varisela dapat mengenai seluruh kelompok usia termasuk neonatus. Manifestasi klinis pada neonatus tergantung saat paparan. Terdapat tiga jenis varisela neonatal, yakni sindrom varisela fetal, varisela neonatal dini, dan varisela post natal. Diagnosis varisela neonatal terutama ditegakkan secara klinis disertai adanya riwayat paparan. Tatalaksana meliputi rawat inap dan pemberian asiklovir intravena.</p><p>Varicella or chickenpox is a primary varicella zoster virus infection. Varicella infects all age groups including newborns. Clinical manifestations of varicella infection in neonates depend on the time of exposure. Three types of neonatal varicella are fetal varicella syndrome, early neonatal varicella, and post natal varicella. Diagnosis was made mainly by clinical findings and history of exposure. Treatment includes hospitalization and intravenous acyclovir administration.</p>
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Jaraiseh Abcarius, Margaret, Berly Alejandra Zambrano Bravo, Manuel Eugenio Morocho-Cayamcela, and Ana Belén Tulcanaza-Prieto. "FACTORES DE RIESGO ASOCIADOS A LA MORTALIDAD Y PESO AL NACER DE PACIENTES NEONATOS, CASO DE ESTUDIO: HOSPITAL PEDIÁTRICO BACA ORTIZ." Enfermería Investiga 7, no. 1 (January 3, 2022): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31243/ei.uta.v7i1.1473.2022.
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Introducción: El peso al nacer es uno de los principales indicadores pronóstico de mortalidad neonatal, en el que influyen factores asociados con la madre, el neonato, y también con las características socioeconómicas del núcleo familiar. Los factores de riesgo implican comorbilidades al momento del nacimiento, por lo que, la intervención adecuada y el oportuno acceso a los servicios de salud constituyen elementos primordiales para la reducción de la mortalidad neonatal. Objetivo: establecer los factores de riesgo asociados a la mortalidad y peso al nacer de pacientes neonatos, de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales del Hospital Pediátrico Baca Ortiz. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación de diseño observacional, transversal de tipo descriptivo que con una muestra de 204 recién nacidos ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales del Hospital Pediátrico Baca Ortiz en la ciudad de Quito, Ecuador, durante el año 2019. Resultados: El peso al nacimiento tiene una asociación lineal negativa significativa con la mortalidad neonatal, siendo los neonatos de género masculino los más susceptibles a fallecer. También, existe mayor frecuencia de mortalidad neonatal en las madres que residen en el área urbana de la sierra ecuatoriana. Conclusiones: El peso al nacer es una variable de gran influencia en la salud y supervivencia infantil, debido a que los datos epidemiológicos muestran que un niño que nace con un peso por debajo de los límites normales tiene un mayor riesgo de fallecer, en comparación con los niños nacidos con un peso dentro del rango considerado normal. Palabras clave: Mortalidad infantil, factores de riesgo, recién nacido de bajo peso, enfermería neonatal, mortalidad neonatal. Abstract Introduction: Birth weight is one of the main prognostic indicators of neonatal mortality, which is influenced by factors associated with the mother, the neonate, and the socioeconomic characteristics of the family. Moreover, the risk factors imply comorbidities at birth. Therefore, adequate intervention and timely access to health services constitute essential elements to reduce neonatal mortality. Objective: establish the risk factors associated with mortality and birth weight of neonatal patients, from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Baca Ortiz Pediatric Hospital. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional, descriptive research was carried out with a sample of 204 newborns admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Baca Ortiz Pediatric Hospital in the city of Quito, Ecuador, during the year 2019. Results: The birth weight shows a significant negative linear association with neonatal mortality, where the male infants are the most susceptible to death. Furthermore, there is a higher frequency of neonatal mortality in mothers who live in the urban area of the Ecuadorian highlands. Conclusions: The birth weight is a highly influential variable for child health and survival since epidemiological data show that a newborn with a weight below the range considered normal, has a higher risk of death as compared to children with a normal weight. Keywords: Infant mortality, risk factors, low birth weight, neonatal nursing, neonatal mortality.
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Bitew, Zebenay Workneh, Ayinalem Alemu, Ermias Getaneh Ayele, Desalegn Abebaw Jember, Michael Tamene Haile, and Teshager Worku. "Incidence Density Rate of Neonatal Mortality and Predictors in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." International Journal of Pediatrics 2020 (October 15, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3894026.
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Background. Neonatal mortality in Sub-Saharan countries is remarkably high. Though there are inconsistent studies about the incidence density rate of neonatal mortalities (IDR) and predictors in Sub-Saharan Africa, they are inconclusive to policymakers and program planners. In this study, the IDR of neonatal mortalities and predictors was determined. Methods. Electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE (Elsevier), Scopus, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), World Cat, Google Scholar, and Google) were explored. 20 out of 818 studies were included in this study. The IDRs and predictors of neonatal mortality were computed from studies conducted in survival analysis. Fixed and random effect models were used to compute pooled estimates. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed. Results. Neonates were followed for a total of 1,095,611 neonate-days; 67142 neonate-days for neonates treated in neonatal intensive care units and 1,028,469 neonate-days for community-based studies. The IDRs of neonatal mortalities in neonatal intensive care units and in the community were 24.53 and 1.21 per 1000 person-days, respectively. The IDRs of early and late neonatal mortalities neonatal intensive care units were 22.51 and 5.09 per 1000 neonate-days, respectively. Likewise, the IDRs of early and late neonatal mortalities in the community were 0.85 and 0.31, respectively. Not initiating breastfeeding within one hour, multiple births, rural residence, maternal illness, low Apgar score, being preterm, sepsis, asphyxia, and respiratory distress syndrome were independent predictors of time to neonatal mortality in neonatal intensive care units and male gender, perceived small size, multiple births, and ANC were predictors of neonatal mortality in the community. Conclusion. The incidence density rate of neonatal mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa is significantly high. Multiple factors (neonatal and maternal) were found to be independent predictors. Strategies must be designed to address these predictors, and prospective studies could reveal other possible factors of neonatal mortalities.
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Mazumdar, J., and S. Sen. "Neonatal Empyema Thoracis." Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 34, no. 1 (March 24, 2014): 65–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i1.8233.
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Empyema thoracis, is a rare cause of respiratory distress in neonates. Only a few cases of neonatal empyema thoracis are described in medical literature. Empyema thoracis is not a well known entity in the neonates. It is fulminant with rapid progression with a high mortality. Compounding the problem is its uncertain etiopathogenesis and lack of definite treatment guidelines. We shall describe one case of neonatal empyema in a newborn aged five days caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The neonate died subsequently. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i1.8233 J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(1):65-67
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Lake, Eyasu A., Gerezgiher B. Abera, Gedion A. Azeze, Natnaeal A. Gebeyew, and Birhanu W. Demissie. "Magnitude of Neonatal Jaundice and Its Associated Factor in Neonatal Intensive Care Units of Mekelle City Public Hospitals, Northern Ethiopia." International Journal of Pediatrics 2019 (April 10, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1054943.
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Background. Jaundice in the neonate is one of the most common clinical problems. Globally, every year about 1.1 million babies develop it and the vast majority reside in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Study on magnitude and local factors associated with neonatal jaundice is limited in Ethiopia. So this study was aimed at assessing magnitude and predictors of neonatal jaundice among neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit of public hospitals in Mekelle city, Northern Ethiopia. Methods. Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to April 2016 in neonatal intensive care unit of Mekelle city public hospitals. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select study participants. Data was collected by interviewing mothers through structured questionnaire and reviewing neonates’ medical records using checklist. Multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were employed to identify factors associated with neonatal jaundice. Results. A total of 209 neonates with their mothers were included. The proportion of neonatal jaundice was found to be 37.3%. Prolonged labor [AOR = 4.39; 95% CI (1.8-10.69)], being male [AOR = 3.7; 95% CI (1.54-8.87)], maternal “O” blood group [AOR = 5.05; 95% CI (1.53-16.72)], sepsis [AOR = 2.64; 95% CI (1.15-6.05)], and blood type incompatibility [AOR = 18.21; 95% CI (6.36-52.13)] were positively associated with neonatal jaundice while night time delivery [AOR 0.42; 95% CI (0.18-0.96)] showed negative association. Conclusion. The magnitude of neonatal jaundice among neonates was found to be high. Duration of labor, time of delivery, sexes of neonate, sepsis, maternal blood group, and blood type incompatibility were significantly associated with neonatal jaundice. Therefore, improving newborn care and timely intervention for neonates with ABO/Rh incompatibility are recommended.
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Borum, Peggy R. "Carnitine in Neonatal Nutrition." Journal of Child Neurology 10, no. 2_suppl (November 1995): 2S25–2S31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073895010002s04.
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Experimental evidence from several investigators suggests that carnitine is a conditionally essential nutrient for neonates. If camitine is a conditionally essential nutrient for the neonate, most neonates on total parenteral nutrition in the United States are not receiving adequate nutritional support. The metabolic functions of carnitine are varied and important in sev eral aspects of neonatal physiology. All neonates receiving breast milk receive dietary carnitine and most neonates receiv ing enteral infant formulas receive dietary carnitine at a level similar to that of the breast-fed neonate. However, most neonates on total parenteral nutrition receive no dietary carnitine. Investigators have been testing the working hypothesis that carnitine is a conditionally essential nutrient for the neonate for many years. This review discusses (1) data support ing the hypothesis, (2) reasons why it has not been either proved or disproved by now, and (3) the author's view of a prudent approach to dietary camitine supplementation of neonates. (J Child Neurol 1995;10(Suppl):2525-2531).
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Adoba, Prince, Richard K. D. Ephraim, Kate Adomakowaah Kontor, Joseph-Josiah Bentsil, Patrick Adu, Maxwell Anderson, Samuel Asamoah Sakyi, and Paul Nsiah. "Knowledge Level and Determinants of Neonatal Jaundice: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Effutu Municipality of Ghana." International Journal of Pediatrics 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3901505.
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Background. Neonatal jaundice (NNJ) is a major cause of hospital admission during the neonatal period and is associated with significant mortality. This case-control study with cross-sectional design sought to identify the possible factors associated with neonatal jaundice and assess maternal knowledge level of this condition. Methods. One hundred and fifty (150) neonates comprising 100 with clinically evident jaundice and 50 without jaundice were conveniently recruited from the Trauma and Specialist Hospital in the Effutu Municipality. Blood samples were collected for the determination of serum bilirubin, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), status and blood group (ABO and Rhesus). Well-structured questionnaire was used to collect maternal and neonate sociodemographic and clinical history. Results. Majority (54%) of neonates developed jaundice within 1–3 days after birth with 10% having it at birth. Duration of labour and neonatal birth weight were associated with neonatal jaundice (P<0.05). G6PD abnormality was found in 11 (12%) of the neonates with jaundice and ABO incompatibility was present in 18%. Neonates delivered by mothers with formal occupation and those who had prolonged duration of labour were significantly more likely to have neonatal jaundice (OR = 4.174, P=0.003; OR = 2.389, P=0.025, resp.). Neonates with low birth weight were also more likely to develop neonatal jaundice (OR = 2.347, P=0.044). Only 17.3% of mothers had heard of neonatal jaundice. School was the major source of information on neonatal jaundice (34.6%). Majority of participants (mothers) did not know that NNJ can cause damage to other organs in the body (90%). Conclusion. Low neonatal birth weight and prolonged duration of labour are associated with neonatal jaundice. Mothers had inadequate knowledge of neonatal jaundice and its causes.
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Torfs, Marlien, Titia Hompes, Michael Ceulemans, Kristel Van Calsteren, Christine Vanhole, and Anne Smits. "Early Postnatal Outcome and Care after in Utero Exposure to Lithium: A Single Center Analysis of a Belgian Tertiary University Hospital." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 16 (August 16, 2022): 10111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610111.
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Knowledge of the impact of in utero exposure to lithium during the postnatal period is limited. Besides a possible teratogenic effect during the first trimester, exposure during the second and third trimesters might lead to neonatal effects. Uniform guidelines for postnatal management of these neonates are lacking. The aim was to retrospectively describe all neonates admitted to the University Hospitals Leuven after in utero exposure to lithium (January 2010 to April 2020), and to propose a postnatal care protocol. Descriptive statistics were performed. For continuous parameters with serial measurements, median population values were calculated. In total, 10 mother-neonate pairs were included. The median gestational age was 37 (interquartile range, IQR, 36–39) weeks. Neonatal plasma lithium concentration at birth was 0.65 (IQR 0.56–0.83) mmol/L with a median neonate/mother ratio of 1.02 (IQR 0.87–1.08). Three neonates needed respiratory support, 7/10 started full enteral (formula) feeding on day 1. The median length of neonatal stay was 8.5 (IQR 8–12) days. One neonate developed nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. This study reported in detail the postnatal characteristics and short-term neonatal outcomes. A postnatal care protocol was proposed, to enhance the quality of care for future neonates, and to guide parental counselling. Future prospective protocol evaluation is needed.
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Das, Amit Kumar, Deepak Mishra, Nitu Kumari Jha, Rakesh Mishra, and Soniya Jha. "Role of Lumbar Puncture in Late Onset Neonatal Sepsis." Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 39, no. 3 (December 31, 2019): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v39i3.28459.
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Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is a clinical syndrome characterized by signs and symptoms of infection with or without accompanying bacteremia in the first month of life. It is responsible for about 30-50% of the total neonatal deaths in developing countries. Neonatal sepsis can be divided into two sub-types depending upon whether the onset of symptoms within the first 72 hours of life (Early Onset Neonatal Sepsis) or after 72 hours of life (Late Onset Neonatal Sepsis ). Meningitis is an important complication of late onset neonatal sepsis.
Method: This was hospital based prospective observational study conducted among the neonates admitted with diagnosis of late onset neonatal sepsis in Neonatal Intermediate Care Unit (NIMCU) and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Kanti Children’s Hospital from July 2016 to June 2017. The objective of this study was to evaluate the importance of performing LP in neonates with LONS.
Results: 16.8% neonates with late onset neonatal sepsis were found to have meningitis. Among the neonates with meningitis CRP was positive 57.2% and negative in 42.8 %. Among the cases with abnormal CSF findings, blood culture was sterile in 85% cases and organism was isolated 15% cases. In 88.8% cases with positive blood culture, no meningitis was detected. Lumbar puncture was traumatic in 1 neonate (0.8%) in first attempt. Apart from this no other complication of performing lumbar puncture was noted.
Conclusion: Lumbar puncture and CSF examination is mandatory in all cases with late-onset sepsis.
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Shead, Sandra L. "Pathophysiology of the Cardiovascular System and Neonatal Hypotension." Neonatal Network 34, no. 1 (2015): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.34.1.31.
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ABSTRACTHypotension is common in low birth weight neonates and less common in term newborns and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Determining an adequate blood pressure in neonates remains challenging for the neonatal nurse because of the lack of agreed-upon norms. Values for determining norms for blood pressure at varying gestational and postnatal ages are based on empirical data. Understanding cardiovascular pathophysiology, potential causes of hypotension, and assessment of adequate perfusion in the neonatal population is important and can assist the neonatal nurse in the evaluation of effective blood pressure. This article reviews cardiovascular pathophysiology as it relates to blood pressure and discusses potential causes of hypotension in the term and preterm neonate. Variation in management of hypotension across centers is discussed. Underlying causes and pathophysiology of hypotension in the neonate are described.
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Yadav, Neetu, Nivedita Seehra, and Satish Mishra. "ABCA3 Gene Defect - Cause of Severe Respiratory Distress and Failure in Newborn." International Journal of Research and Review 8, no. 11 (November 11, 2021): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20211104.
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Surfactant metabolism disorders are rare cause of RDS in term neonates. A near term male neonate presented with respiratory distress syndrome (required Surfactant multiple times) with family history of one still birth and one neonatal death due to RDS in previous siblings. A homozygous missense variation in exon 7 of the ABCA3 gene that results in the amino acid substitution of leucine for proline at codon 186 was detected. He died of severe respiratory failure even after multiple doses of surfactant and ventilation. Surfactant deficiency with ABCA3 gene mutation needs to be suspected in term neonate who present with respiratory distress syndrome with family history or neonatal death with respiratory distress. Keywords: ABCA3 gene defect, Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), neonates, neonatal death.
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Chandrasekar, Indira, Mary Anne Tablizo, Manisha Witmans, Jose Maria Cruz, Marcus Cummins, and Wendy Estrellado-Cruz. "Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Neonates." Children 9, no. 3 (March 15, 2022): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9030419.
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Neonates have distinctive anatomic and physiologic features that predispose them to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The overall prevalence of neonatal OSA is unknown, although an increase in prevalence has been reported in neonates with craniofacial malformations, neurological disorders, and airway malformations. If remained unrecognized and untreated, neonatal OSA can lead to impaired growth and development, cardiovascular morbidity, and can even be life threatening. Polysomnography and direct visualization of the airway are essential diagnostic modalities in neonatal OSA. Treatment of neonatal OSA is based on the severity of OSA and associated co-morbidities. This may include medical and surgical interventions individualized for the affected neonate. Based on this, it is expected that infants with OSA have more significant healthcare utilization.
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Das, Kinnor, Bhaskar Gupta, and Sumit Das. "A clinical study of dermatotses in neonates in Silchar medical college." IP Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 7, no. 3 (September 15, 2021): 197–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijced.2021.039.
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According to WHO a neonate, is a child under 28 days of age. The neonatal skin changes show a wide geographic and ethnic variation. It is important to know the pattern of dermatoses prevalent among Indian children during the neonatal period. The current study was conducted to study the prevalence of neonatal dermatoses in southern Assam and to study relationship of neonatal dermatoses with maturity and birth weight of neonates.150 neonates who developed cutaneous lesions over a period of one year were examined. Proportion of each dermatoses and prevalence ratio were calculated using relevant formulae. Out of the 150 neonates, 66 % neonates had transient physiological changes, 11.33% had congenital disorders and genodermatoses, 4.67% had iatrogenic complications, 30% had acquired skin diseases, 8% had neonatal infections and 2% had other miscellaneous diseases. The five most common dermatoses overall were diaper dermatitis (17.33%), miliaria (14%), erythema toxicum neonatorum (13.33%), infantile seborrheic dermatitis (12.67%), sebaceous gland hyperplasia (6%) and Mongolian spot (6%). Low birth weight babies had predilection for vernix caseosa, sucking blisters, candidiasis, miniature puberty, caput succedaneum, cephalohematoma, physiological jaundice, infantile acropustulosis, salmon patch, Epstein’s pearls/ Bohn's nodules, miliaria, sebaceous gland hyperplasia, neonatal acne, Mongolian spot, bullous impetigo, erythroderma Preterm neonates had predilection for vernix caseosa, sucking blisters, miniature puberty, candidiasis, Mongolian spot, caput succedaneum, cephalohematoma, erythroderma, miliaria, Epstein’s pearls/ Bohn's nodules and a positive association was seen between post-term neonates and physiological desquamation, diaper dermatitis. Neonatal psoriasis and neonatal dermatophyte infection were the unusual findings which we found in our study.
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Demir, Nihat, Oğuz Tuncer, Mehmet Melek, Sultan Kaba, Keziban Bulan, and Erdal Peker. "Idiopathic Neonatal Colonic Perforation." Journal of Neonatal Surgery 3, no. 1 (January 5, 2014): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.47338/jns.v3.70.
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Though the perforation of the colon in neonates is rare, it is associated with more than 50% mortality in high-risk patients. We report a case of idiopathic neonatal perforation of the sigmoid colon in an 8-day-old, healthy, male neonate without any demonstrable cause.
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Fissha Adem, Yonas, Yosef Haile, and Moges Milashu. "Time to death and its predictors among early neonatal patients in neonatal intensive care unit of Dessie referral hospital, South Wollo Zone, Northeast Ethiopia." Journal of Pediatrics & Neonatal Care 12, no. 3 (September 9, 2022): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jpnc.2022.12.00471.
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Background: Early neonatal death is a serious concern, both in the developing and developed worlds. Early neonatal death remains a health problem and is the biggest component of the neonatal mortality rate. Therefore, substantial reduction in early neonatal mortality is a crucial pre-requisite for achieving further gains in child survival in the country. However, the distribution of deaths in the community within the first week is poorly understood. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess time to death and its predictors among early neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit of Dessie Referral Hospital. Method: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in the early neonatal patient in Dessie referral hospital on the total sample size of 416 selected patients by using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected by document review. Life table used to estimate the probability of survival, log-rank test to compare survival in two or more groups and the Cox proportional hazard model was used to determine factors associated with time to death of early neonate. The hazard ratio with 95% confidence level was used to declare statistical significant association. Result: A total of 416 early neonates were included in the study. There were 224(53.8%) male neonates. The overall early neonatal mortalities were 47(11.3%), of which 23.41% of them died on the first day of age. early neonatal mortality was associated with neonatal sepsis (AHR=3.349,95% CI,1.842-6.089), low birth weight of neonates (AHR=3.563%,95% CI,1.925-6.595), unable to breastfeeding during delivery (AHR=4.094,95% CI,1.603-10.452), neonatal respiratory distress (AHR=4.018,95% CI,1.733-9.371), perinatal asphyxia (AHR =2.540,95% CI,1.186-5.847). Conclusion: The causes of early neonatal death described in this study were preventable. Managing low birth weight, initiating exclusive breastfeeding, refining quality of service, and confirming the continuity of care are recommended to increase the survival of neonates.
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Fredrickson, M. J., and P. Seal. "Ultrasound-guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for Neonatal Abdominal Surgery." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 37, no. 3 (May 2009): 469–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x0903700303.
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This paper describes four neonates having abdominal procedures with intraoperative and early postoperative analgesia provided by a transversus abdominis plane regional block. Analgesia for neonatal upper and midabdominal surgery usually involves regional anaesthesia and/or systemic opioid. All these analgesia techniques have problems specific to the neonatal period. Neonates are sensitive to the respiratory depressant effects of systemic opioid, while the low threshold for local anaesthetic toxicity limits regional anaesthesia/analgesia, which in neonatal upper abdominal surgery is often limited to local anaesthetic infiltration. The transversus abdominis plane block has been shown to provide effective analgesia following a variety of abdominal surgeries in both adults and children. We report four neonates who underwent minor or major abdominal surgery under general anaesthesia supplemented by ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block. Perioperative opioids were administered to one neonate who required postoperative ventilation. Ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane bock is a technically feasible alternative to local anaesthetic wound infiltration in the neonate and warrants further evaluation.
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Tola, Melese Adugna, Agumasie Semahegn, Getahun Tiruye, and Abera Kenay Tura. "Magnitude of neonatal near miss in public hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study." SAGE Open Medicine 10 (January 2022): 205031212211089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20503121221108926.
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Objectives: Although neonatal near miss is an emerging concept and a tool for improving neonatal care, its magnitude and associated factors are less researched in Ethiopia. Thus, this study was aimed to uncover the magnitude of neonatal near miss and its associated factors in public hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was employed on a randomly selected 405 mother–neonate pairs. An interview using a structured questionnaire accompanied by review of medical records was used to collect data from the mothers and records of the neonates. Neonatal near miss was defined as having any of the pragmatic (gestational age < 33 weeks, birth weight < 1750 g, and fifth minutes Apgar score < 7) or management criteria. Crude and adjusted logistic regression analysis was done to identify associated factors and presented with adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval. Results: Of 401 mother–neonate pairs included in the study, 126 (31.4%, 95% confidence interval = [26.9, 36.2]) neonates had at least one neonatal near miss event at discharge. Neonatal near miss was more likely among neonates from referred women (adjusted odds ratio = 2.24, 95% confidence interval = [1.25, 4.03]), no antenatal care (adjusted odds ratio = 2.08, 95% confidence interval = [1.10, 3.93]), antepartum hemorrhage (adjusted odds ratio = 4.29, 95% confidence interval = [2.16, 8.53]), premature rupture of membrane (adjusted odds ratio = 4.07, 95% confidence interval = [2.05, 8.07]), obstructed labor (adjusted odds ratio = 2.61, 95% confidence interval = [1.23, 5.52]), non-vertex presentation (adjusted odds ratio = 3.03, 95% confidence interval = [1.54, 5.95]), and primiparous (adjusted odd ratio = 2.67, 95% confidence interval = [1.49, 4.77]). Conclusions: In this study, we found that neonatal near miss is higher than previous findings in Ethiopia. Improving neonatal near miss requires promoting antenatal care, maternal referral system, and early identification and management of obstetric complications.
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Twombley, Katherine, Jyothsna Gattineni, Ion Alexandru Bobulescu, Vangipuram Dwarakanath, and Michel Baum. "Effect of metabolic acidosis on neonatal proximal tubule acidification." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 299, no. 5 (November 2010): R1360—R1368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00007.2010.
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The serum bicarbonate in neonates is lower than adults due in large part to a lower rate of proximal tubule acidification. It is unclear if the neonatal proximal tubule is functioning at maximal capacity or if the proximal tubule can respond to metabolic acidosis as has been described in adult proximal tubules. We find that neonatal mouse brush-border membranes have a lower Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) 3 protein abundance (neonate 0.11 ± 0.05 vs. adult 0.64 ± 0.07; P < 0.05) and a higher NHE8 protein abundance (neonate 1.0 ± 0.01 vs. adult 0.13 ± 0.09; P < 0.001) compared with adults. To examine if neonates can adapt to acidosis, neonatal mice were gavaged with either acid or vehicle for 4 days, resulting in a drop in serum bicarbonate from 19.5 ± 1.0 to 8.9 ± 0.6 meq/l ( P < 0.001). Proximal convoluted tubule Na+/H+ exchanger activity (dpHi/d t) was 1.68 ± 0.19 pH units/min in control tubules and 2.49 ± 0.60 pH units/min in acidemic neonatal mice ( P < 0.05), indicating that the neonatal proximal tubule can respond to metabolic acidosis with an increase in Na+/H+ exchanger activity. Similarly, brush-border membrane vesicles from neonatal rats had an increase in Na+/H+ exchanger activity with acidemia that was almost totally inhibited by 10−6 M 5-( N-ethyl- n-isopropyl)-amiloride, a dose that has little effect on NHE3 but inhibits NHE8. There was a significant increase in both NHE3 (vehicle 0.35 ± 0.07 vs. acid 0.73 ± 0.07; P < 0.003) and NHE8 brush-border membrane protein abundance (vehicle 0.41 ± 0.05 vs. acid 0.73 ± 0.06; P < 0.001) in acidemic mouse neonates compared with controls. A comparable increase in NHE3 and NHE8 was found in neonatal rats with acidosis. In conclusion, the neonatal proximal tubule can adapt to metabolic acidosis with an increase in Na+/H+ exchanger activity.
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Klumb, Milena Munsberg, Viviane Marten Milbrath, Ruth Irmgard Bärtschi Gabatz, Joycianne Ramos Vasconcelos de Aguiar, Lavínia Lopes da Silva, Vitória Gonçalves Vaz, and Nara Jací da Silva Nunes. "Perfil do recém-nascido internado na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal: revisão integrativa." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 13 (October 11, 2022): e416111335799. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i13.35799.
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O estudo objetivou conhecer as publicações sobre o perfil do recém-nascido internado na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal nos últimos 10 anos. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa, a partir de buscas nas bases Sistema Online de Busca e Análise de Literatura Médica, Literatura Latino Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde e Base de Dados de Enfermagem, utilizando as palavras-chave: recém-nascido; unidades de terapia intensiva neonatal conectadas pelo boleano AND. Selecionaram-se os estudos publicados de 2011 a 2021, nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol. Resultando em 31 artigos. Resultou em três categorias para apresentar os resultados: aspectos do nascimento dos neonatos internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal e fatores de risco para internação; principais diagnósticos clínicos e tempo de internação dos neonatos internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal; e dados maternos e sociodemográficos do neonato internado na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. A partir da revisão foi possível conhecer o perfil dos neonatos internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal, sob diversos aspectos, sendo o perfil prevalente de recém-nascidos do sexo masculino, nascidos por parto cesáreo, com baixo peso ao nascimento e diagnósticos de prematuridade e/ou síndromes respiratórias.
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Manfredi, Alessandra Kerli da Silva, Patrícia Aparecida Zuanetti, Fabíola Mishima, and Raphaela Barroso Guedes Granzotti. "Triagem auditiva neonatal em recém-nascidos de mães soropositivas para o HIV." Jornal da Sociedade Brasileira de Fonoaudiologia 23, no. 4 (December 2011): 376–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2179-64912011000400014.
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OBJETIVO: Analisar as emissões otoacústicas de crianças nascidas de mães soropositivas para o HIV na triagem auditiva neonatal. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se a pesquisa das Emissões Otoacústicas Evocadas por Transiente (EOAT) e do reflexo cócleo-palpebral (RCP) em 247 neonatos, todos nascidos a termo e sem fatores de risco para a audição. O Grupo Controle (GC) foi composto por 167 neonatos e o Grupo Pesquisa (GP) por 80 neonatos expostos ao HIV durante a gestação. Considerou-se "falha" quando o neonato apresentava ausência de EOAT em pelo menos uma das orelhas. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente. RESULTADOS: No Grupo Pesquisa, oito (10%) neonatos falharam na triagem auditiva neonatal e no Grupo Controle este número foi de sete (4,2%) (p=0,09). No reteste dos neonatos que falharam, houve a persistência da ausência das emissões otoacústicas em um neonato do Grupo Pesquisa (12,5%) e em dois neonatos (28,6%) do Grupo Controle (p=0,6). Em todos os neonatos houve a presença do RCP. CONCLUSÃO: Não houve associação entre ausência de EOA por transiente e a exposição do neonato ao HIV durante a gestação.
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Jay, Lodhia, Philemon Rune, Wapalila Daudi, Sadiq Adnan, Amsi Patrick, Msuya David, and Herman Ayesiga. "Perforated Appendix in a Neonate: A Review of Literature and a Case Report from Northern Tanzania." Annals of African Surgery 18, no. 2 (April 23, 2021): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/aas.v18i2.10.
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Acute perforated appendicitis is rare in neonates and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. This is mainly because the rarity of the pathology and the abnormal clinical features cause delays in diagnosis and definitive management. We report a case of a premature neonate who presented with sudden onset of abdominal distension associated with an inability to pass stools. The initial abdominal X-ray showed free air under the right hemi-diaphragm. An emergency laparotomy was performed revealing a perforation at the appendicular tip. An appendectomy was done, and the neonate recovered well with a mild surgical site infection during the course of recovery. Neonatal perforated appendicitis is rare, and clinicians need to consider it as a differential diagnosis due to the atypicalpresentations. This preterm neonate presented with clinical features of intestinal obstruction and was found at laparotomy to have a perforated appendix at the tip due to neonatal appendicitis.
Keywords: Neonate, Neonatal appendicitis, Neonatal perforated appendicitis
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Tahir, Asmaa G., Manal B. Baythoon, and Yasir I. AL Saddi. "The Timing of Elective Caesarean Deliveries and Early Neonatal Respiratory Morbidity in Term Neonates." Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad 60, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.60138.
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Background: Respiratory distress is one of interesting presentation of elective caesarean delivery, the presence of labor before elective caesarean delivery decrease the risk of Respiratory distress. adverse respiratory problem in neonate delivered before 39 weeks of gestation are increased.Objective: To evaluate the association between gestational age at delivery and neonatal respiratory outcomes after elective caesarean delivery between 37 and 41completed weeks.Patients and Methods: Descriptive study with prospectively collected data from Baghdad teaching hospital/Medical city at neonatal care unit. All infants of gestational age from 37 to 41 completed weeks, with uncomplicated pregnancy, of which 1407 were born by elective caesarean delivery compared to 1304, delivered by spontaneous vaginal delivery between 1st of September 2015 and 31st of January 2016. The neonates delivered by elective caesarean delivery were stratified into five groups according to the gestational age.Result: There were 1407 neonates delivered by elective caesarean delivery compared with 1304 by spontaneous vaginal delivary of overall 118 neonates were admitted to the Neonatal care unit with Respiratory distress and receiving oxygen therapy or assisted ventilation. Early neonatal Respiratory distress risk was significantly higher in neonate delivered by elective caesarean delivery the rate of Respiratory distress increased with earlier gestational age for both group. The hospitalization days, also decreased with increased gestational age.Conclusion: Term neonates delivered by elective caesarean section are at increased risk for developing Respiratory distress compared vaginal delivery. The neonatal Respiratory distress decreased if elective caesarean delivery performed after 39 gestational weeksKeywords: RD (Respiratory distress), ECS (elective caesarean delivery), TTN (transient tachypnea of the newborn), GA (gestational age), O2 (oxygen therapy), SVD (spontaneous vaginal delivary), NCU (Neonatal care unit).
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V., Chandan M., and Praveen B. K. "Cord blood albumin as predictor of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 7, no. 2 (January 23, 2020): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20200118.
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Background: Measuring the Cord blood Albumin level and predicting neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.Methods: Prospective study was performed on 160 healthy term neonates. Relevant maternal history was collected. Cord blood was collected from the healthy term neonates at birth and cord serum albumin measured. Neonate was assessed for jaundice every day using transcutaneous bilirubinometer. Total Serum Bilirubin (TSB) was assessed if the Transcutaneous Bilirubin (TCB) values were found high and treated according to NICU protocol.Results: Study cohort was grouped as Group A, Group B and Group C based on Cord Serum Albumin (CSA) level ≤3.3 g/dl, 3.3-3.8 g/dl and ≥3.8 g/d respectively. Statistical analysis was done for correlation of CSA with Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia (NH). It showed that cord serum albumin level ≤3.8 g/dl is critical, as it was seen in 9.1% of neonates who developed neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (p value-0.032).Conclusions: There is a correlation between cord serum albumin level and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Cord serum albumin level of ≤3.8 g/dl is a risk indicator in predicting the development of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
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Gandhi, Akanksha, Kirti Garg, and Neelam Wadhwa. "Neonatal Plasmodium vivax malaria: an overlooked entity." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 5, no. 06 (March 4, 2011): 489–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.1623.
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Although malaria is endemic in India, neonatal disease is considered rare. We report a case of neonatal malaria in a 26-day-old neonate with fever and splenomegaly who was diagnosed after a long and unsuccessful battery of tests for splenomegaly. Routine screening for malaria is essential for all neonates with fever in endemic areas. Early diagnosis and treatment of malaria could effectively prevent infant mortality.
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Kamal, MA, and Mahbubul Hoque. "Predictors of Mortality in Newborn Admitted in Special Care Baby Unit (SCABU) of Dhaka Shishu Hospital." Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital Journal 35, no. 2 (October 12, 2020): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dshj.v35i2.49693.
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Background: The current neonatal mortality rate of Bangladesh is very high compared to developed countries.
Objective: The objective of the study was to find out the predictors that are associated with mortality in newborn admitted in Special Care Baby Unit (SCABU) of Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital.
Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the SCABU of Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital from 1st June 2016 to 30 November 2016. A semi-structured questionnaire was prepared before the study. Data were collected from the attendents of each neonate by asking questions who died at the neonatal period after hospital admission. Detail history regarding gestational age, birth weight, place of birth, person conducting delivery, mood of delivery, problem at birth, residence, reasons of referral, vehicle during transport, condition of baby at arrival, time taken during transport and need for any resuscitation was recorded. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 16.
Result: Total 970 neonates were admitted during data collection period out of them 98(10.10%) died. Majority (58.16%) of the death occurred in neonate who was admitted before 72 hours of age having gestational age <37 weeks (65.31%). Majority of the neonates were from urban area (56.12%) but from poor socioeconomic status (54.08%) and only 32.65% were on regular antenatal care. Majority were delivered by normal delivery at home and attended by TBA. Among the neonates 30.61% reached hospital only by ambulance and 64.29% were found hypothermic during admission. Majority 70(71.43%) were died within 24 hours of hospital admission. Neonatal sepsis, perinatal asphyxia and prematurity contributed majority of neonatal death.
Conclusion: Early (age <72 hours) and premature neonates, neonates from poor socioeconomic background, lack of antenatal care, home delivery, lack of facility in local areas, inadequate transport and unstable initial condition contributed majority of neonatal death. Neonatal sepsis, perinatal asphyxia and prematurity contributed most of neonatal death.
DS (Child) H J 2019; 35(2) : 123-129
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Satrinawati Berkat. "THE INFLUENCE OF MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH SERVICES ON NEONATAL DEATH OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT NEONATES IN ACEH PROVINCE." Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.19/no.1/art.82.
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Low birth weight (LBW) is one of the most crucial problem related to neonatal mortality and infant mortality. The LBW is defined as babies born with a birth weight less than 2500 grams. LBW does not only contribute to neonatal morbidity, but may lead to neonatal mortality. This study aim to determine the influence of maternal and child health services (MCH) services to neonatal death among LBW babies in Aceh province, Indonesia.This study is observational study with mix method, using quantitative (Unmatched case control study) and qualitative (case study). The study was conducted between 2011-2015 in 8 district/municipality in Aceh Province, Indonesia. Total sample for quantitative study was 500 neonates (1:1), 250 neonates who died in neonatal period (case) and 250 LBW neonates who survived in the neonatal period (control group). Meanwhile, the total sample for qualitative study was 22, there were 12 (mother) and 10 (midwife).The result of A simple logistic regression analysis for MCH factors found that 4 of 7 variable were significant association with neonatal death among LBW (P value < 0.05), these variables include: Antenatal care (ANC), place of delivery, level of health facilities and neonatal visit. Multiple logistic regression found the ANC has a strongest influence on neonatal death among LBW babies in Aceh Province (OR=3.6; 95% CI: 2.3-5.7). The LBW neonates who were born to mothers who received number of ANC equal to or less than 3 times had a 3.6 times higher risk of death, than neonates who were born to mothers who received ANC ≥ 4 times. The appropriate of health services in health facilities are needed to reduce the NMR and improve the health of neonate.
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Siddiqui, Muhammad Asif, Sehrish Masood, Tayyaba Khawar Butt, and Shahla Tariq. "Neonatal outcomes of birth asphyxia in tertiary care hospital of low-income country." Journal of Fatima Jinnah Medical University 15, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37018/unkh2664.
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Background: Pakistan has highest neonatal mortality in the region and birth asphyxia is one of the main preventable contributors to this. Objective of this study is to determine the frequency of different neonatal outcomes in neonates with birth asphyxia.
Subjects & Methods: It was descriptive case series study conducted in Department of Pediatrics Medicine, Services Hospital, Lahore in 6 months period during 6th Dec 2016 to 5th June 2017. 150 cases were included using non probability, consecutive sampling with 95% confidence level, 6% margin of error taking an expected percentage of neonate mortality as 15%. Data was analyzed with SPSS version 23. Categorical variables i.e., gender and neonatal outcomes in terms of neonatal mortality, discharge and neurological complications were expressed by frequency and percentage. Post stratification chi square test was applied. A p-value of <0.05 was taken as significant.
Results: The mean age of neonates was 3.09±0.8 hours. Outcomes of these neonates was seen in terms of mortality, discharge and neurological problems. Out of total 150 patients, 51 (34%) neonates expired and 99 (66%) neonates were survived. And neonates 69 (46%) neonates were diagnosed with neurological complications.
Conclusion: We found, birth asphyxia has significant association with neonatal mortality and neurological complications. Prevention of birth asphyxia with appropriate resuscitation at birth may be helpful in reduction of morbidity and mortality due to birth asphyxia.Neonates
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Ibrahim, Riyadh M. "Morbidity and Mortality Pattern of Neonates Admitted to Neonatal Care Unit.Central Teaching Pediatric Hospital Baghdad." AL-Kindy College Medical Journal 16, no. 1 (September 5, 2020): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v16i1.188.
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Background; Neonatal period is a very vulnerable period of life due to many problems, In spite of advances in perinatal and neonatal care still, the mortality rate of neonate high especially in developing country The World Health Organization estimates that globally four million neonatal deaths per year, Developing countries account for around 99% of the neonatal mortality in the world, In Iraq. Neonatal mortality rate about 19 per 1000 live births which represent 56% of child death below 5 years age in 2012. .Objectives The aims of the study were to determine the institutional new-born case fatality rate and the cause of admission and death in the neonatal care unit.Method; Across-section study was carried out of the Neonatal Care Unit of Central Teaching Hospital of Pediatric in Baghdad Al-krakh Health DirectorateResult; During 2015, 1977 neonates were admitted, Mortality rate was 9%, Four main causes of death were identified; Respiratory related condition, Bacterial sepsis, premature neonate (Disorder related to short gestational and low birth weight not relayed to elsewhere classification) and congenital malformation 37.5%, 33.3%, 7.1% and 7.1% respectively , The main causes of morbidity were Neonatal jaundice, Respiratory related condition, Bacterial sepsis 37.5%, 35.2%. 14.1% respectively Conclusions: The majority of neonatal morbidity and mortality can be prevented by appropriate interventions
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Sominsky, Luba, Ilvana Ziko, Thai-Xinh Nguyen, Julie Quach, and Sarah J. Spencer. "Hypothalamic effects of neonatal diet: reversible and only partially leptin dependent." Journal of Endocrinology 234, no. 1 (July 2017): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/joe-16-0631.
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Early life diet influences metabolic programming, increasing the risk for long-lasting metabolic ill health. Neonatally overfed rats have an early increase in leptin that is maintained long term and is associated with a corresponding elevation in body weight. However, the immediate and long-term effects of neonatal overfeeding on hypothalamic anorexigenic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and orexigenic agouti-related peptide (AgRP)/neuropeptide Y (NPY) circuitry, and if these are directly mediated by leptin, have not yet been examined. Here, we examined the effects of neonatal overfeeding on leptin-mediated development of hypothalamic POMC and AgRP/NPY neurons and whether these effects can be normalised by neonatal leptin antagonism in male Wistar rats. Neonatal overfeeding led to an acute (neonatal) resistance of hypothalamic neurons to exogenous leptin, but this leptin resistance was resolved by adulthood. While there were no effects of neonatal overfeeding on POMC immunoreactivity in neonates or adults, the neonatal overfeeding-induced early increase in arcuate nucleus (ARC) AgRP/NPY fibres was reversed by adulthood so that neonatally overfed adults had reduced NPY immunoreactivity in the ARC compared with controls, with no further differences in AgRP immunoreactivity. Short-term neonatal leptin antagonism did not reverse the excess body weight or hyperleptinaemia in the neonatally overfed, suggesting factors other than leptin may also contribute to the phenotype. Our findings show that changes in the availability of leptin during early life period influence the development of hypothalamic connectivity short term, but this is partly resolved by adulthood indicating an adaptation to the metabolic mal-programming effects of neonatal overfeeding.
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Wakjira Basha, Garoma, Ashenafi Abate Woya, and Abay Kassa Tekile. "Determinants of neonatal mortality in Ethiopia: an analysis of the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey." African Health Sciences 20, no. 2 (July 22, 2020): 715–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v20i2.23.
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Background: The first 28 days of life, the neonatal period, are the most vulnerable time for a child’s survival. Neonatal mortality accounts for about 38% of under-five deaths in low and middle income countries. This study aimed to identify the determinants of neonatal mortality in Ethiopia.
Methods: The study used data from the nationally representative 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). Once the data were extracted; editing, coding and cleaning were done by using SAS 9.4.Sampling weights was applied to en- sure the representativeness of the sample in this study. Both bivariate and multivariable logistic regression statistical analysis was used to identify determinants of neonatal mortality in Ethiopia.
Results: A total of 11,023 weighted live-born neonates born within five years preceding the 2016 EDHS were included this in this study. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that multiple birth neonates (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR)=6.38;95%- Confidence Interval (CI):4.42-9.21), large birth size (AOR=1.35; 95% CI: 0.28-1.62), neonates born to mothers who did not utilize ANC (AOR=1.41; 95% CI: 1.11-1.81), neonates from rural area (AOR=1.88; 95% CI: 1.15-3.05) and neonates born in Harari region (AOR=1.45; 95% CI: 0.61-3.45)had higher odds of neonatal mortality. On the other hand, female neonates (AOR=0.60; 95% CI: 0.47-0.75), neonates born within the interval of more than 36 months of the preceding birth (AOR=0.56; 95% CI: 0.43-0.75), neonates born to fathers with secondary and higher education level (AOR=0.51; 95%CI: 0.22-0.88) had lower odds of neonatal mortality in Ethiopia.
Conclusion: To reduce neonatal mortality in Ethiopia, there is a need to implement sex specific public health intervention mainly focusing on male neonate during pregnancy, child birth and postnatal period. A relatively simple and cost-effective public health intervention should be implemented to make sure that all pregnant women are screened for multiple pregnancy and if positive, extra care should be given during pregnancy, child birth and postnatal.
Keywords: Neonatal mortality; logistic regression; odds ratio; Ethiopia.
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Pimentel, Camila Santana, Daniela De Carvalho Nunes, Isaiane Santos Bittencourt, Rudval Sousa Da Silva, Isis Cristiane Marques Dos Santos, and Rosany Claudia Dantas Pereira. "Health assistance infection in a neonatal intensive therapy unit / Infecção relacionada à assistência a saúde em unidade de terapia intensiva / Infección relacionada a la asistencia de la salud en unidad de terapia intensiva neonatal." Revista de Enfermagem da UFPI 7, no. 3 (November 25, 2018): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.26694/2238-7234.7361-66.
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Objetivo: descrever as principais características das infecções hospitalares em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo de revisão de literatura, que utilizou a busca eletrônica, nas bases de dados científicas e análise e interpretação dos dados com base na Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. Resultado: Delimitaram-se três categorias: Tipos de transmissão das Infecções Relacionadas à Assistência à Saúde em neonatos; Principais microrganismos presentes nas infecções em neonatos; e Recomendações para controle e prevenção de infecções em neonatos. Verificou-se que a transmissão destas infecções dividem-se em transplacentárias; precoce, de provável origem materna; e tardias, de origem hospitalar. Dentre os microrganismos mais relatados na literatura estão o Staphylococcus coagulase negativa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiela pneumoniae, Candida sp e Pseudomonas aeruginosa. E as principais formas de controle e prevenção envolvem a lavagem, o uso controlado de antimicrobianos e a orientação aos pais e responsáveis quanto ao manuseio do neonato. Conclusões: Tais constatações podem contribuir para a ampliação do conhecimento dos profissionais que atuam nas Unidades de Terapias Intensivas Neonatais, possibilitando uma assistência de qualidade aos recém-nascidos.Palavras chaves: Assistência à saúde. Infecção. Infecção Hospitalar. Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal.
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Hussain, Ghulam, Furqan Ahmad, Sohail Akhtar, Sara Khan, Faiza ., and Zulqarnain Haider. "To Determine the Frequency of Thrombocytopenia in Neonatal Sepsis." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 11 (November 30, 2022): 417–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs20221611417.
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Background: During the first month of life, a baby may develop neonatal sepsis, a clinical state of bacterial infection marked by signs and symptoms of systemic involvement. There is a high mortality and morbidity rate linked with neonatal sepsis. Objective: The goal of this study is to quantify the incidence of thrombocytopenia among babies with sepsis who come to the Hayatabad Medical Complex in Peshawar. Methods: This cross-sectional study after the ethical approval the study was conducted at the Pediatrics Department of Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar from 17-03-2020 to 17-09-2020. A total of 112 neonates up to 28 days of age with neonatal sepsis were included in the study in a consecutive manner and checked for platelet count to detect thrombocytopenia. Results: The mean age of the sample was 14.2 ± 6.8 days. Out of 112 neonates included in the study, there were 66.1% male patients and 33.9% female patients. Mean gestational age at birth was 39.4 ± 1.7 weeks. Mean birth weight of the neonate according to records was 3.1 ± 0.8 kg. 46% of the neonates have the Thrombocytopenia. No significant difference in the age (P=0.445), gender of neonate (P=0.085), gestational age at birth (P= 0.356), weight at birth wise (P= 0.456) stratification of the Thrombocytopenia was observed in the study participants. Practical implication: this study will help to determine the frequency of neonatal sepsis in Pakistani general population and will also highlight the factor associated with increased chance of neonatal sepsis in thrombocytopenia. Conclusion: Neonates with sepsis often exhibit thrombocytopenia. No firm conclusions can be drawn about the relationship between Thrombocytopenia and sepsis from this research. Keywords: Thrombocytopenia, neonatal sepsis, meningitis, platelet count
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Kamfwa, Paul, Y. Ahmed, and B. Vwalika. "A comparison of early neonatal deaths among preterm infants with term neonatal deaths at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia." Medical Journal of Zambia 44, no. 4 (December 29, 2017): 250–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.55320/mjz.44.4.90.
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Background
Prematurity is a common complication that contributes significantly to high neonatal mortality. In spite of many efforts by the government and other partners, non-significant decline has been achieved in the recent past. Globally, 15 million babies are born preterm (<37 weeks gestation) each year, and more than 1 million of those do not survive their first month of life. Preterm birth accounts for 75% of all perinatal mortality in some series thus identifying the determinants of preterm deaths is very crucial for policy improvement. This study was aimed at establishing factors associated with preterm deaths at UTH compared to those of term neonatal deaths.
Methods
A case-control study was conducted among 208 neonates that were early neonatal deaths i.e. within 7 days in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at UTH in 2015. Antenatal and intrapartum details (parity, multiple pregnancy, birth weight, antenatal steroid exposure, antibiotic exposure, and the indication of admission to NICU) were obtained from 104 neonates that were preterm (between 24-36 completed weeks gestation) and had died and of a further 104 term neonates (>37 weeks gestation) that died around the same time. The data was collected by interviewer-administered structured questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS v21. Bivariate analysis was used to identify variables for multivariate logistic regression model to identify obstetric determinants amongst deaths in neonates that were preterm compared to those born at term
Results
There were few differences between the two groups. The sex of the neonate significantly influenced the odds of dying. We confirmed that male neonates had a 57.1% higher risk than females (42.9%) of dying during the early neonatal period. More term neonates that died were male (P=0.0031) and had a very poor Apgar score (1-3) (P=0.0048). Both the indications for admission to NICU and cause of death were different in the two groups with preterms (P<0.0001) and terms P=0.0309. On multivariate regression analysis, poor Apgar score was associated with six-fold odds of RDS. More preterm neonates had died despite receiving steroids. None of the other factors reached statistical significance (adjOR 6.0, 95% CI 3.03-11.92, p<0.0001). Poor Apgar score was also the only factor associated with sepsis, though it was a neonate with a good Apgar score that had higher odds of dying due to sepsis. Primiparity was associated with a 2.6-fold odds (95% CI 1.03 to 6.68, p=0.04) of hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy. On logistic regression, a preterm neonate dying only had a higher odds of being a LBW (<2500g) than any other factor [adjusted OR 132.72 (95% CI 39.49 to 387.66) P<00001]. Considering the main causes of death, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy in preterm neonates was only associated with poor Apgar score (i.e. <7) [adjusted OR 2.03 (95% CI 1.12 to 3.67) P = 0.02]. Sepsis in term neonates OR 0.2 (95% CI 0.15 to 0.54) P<00001]. Respiratory distress syndrome in preterm neonates dying was only associated with poor Apgar score [adjusted OR 6.01 (3.03 to 11.92) P<00001].
Conclusions
Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy as a cause of early neonatal death is commoner in term neonates but also common in preterm. Sepsis is commoner in preterm neonates as a cause of early neonatal death. Comparing different causes of death, poor Apgar score featured in all cases calling for improved resuscitation.
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Alsaleem, Mahdi. "Intravenous Immune Globulin Uses in the Fetus and Neonate: A Review." Antibodies 9, no. 4 (November 4, 2020): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antib9040060.
Full textAbstract:
Intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) is made after processing plasma from healthy donors. It is composed mainly of pooled immunoglobulin and has clinical evidence-based applications in adult and pediatric populations. Recently, several clinical applications have been proposed for managing conditions in the neonatal population, such as hemolytic disease of the newborn, treatment, and prophylaxis for sepsis in high-risk neonates, enterovirus parvovirus and COVID-19 related neonatal infections, fetal and neonatal immune-induced thrombocytopenia, neonatal hemochromatosis, neonatal Kawasaki disease, and some types of immunodeficiency. The dosing, mechanism of action, effectiveness, side effects, and adverse reactions of IVIG have been relatively well studied in adults but are not well described in the neonatal population. This review aims to provide the most recent evidence and consensus guidelines about the use of IVIG in the fetus and neonate.
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Yusrawati, Yusrawati, Defrin Defrin, and Hudila Rifa Karmia. "Neonatal Growth, Neurotrophine, Zinc, and Ferritin Concentration in Normal and Iron Deficience Pregnancy: An Observational Analitic Study." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 7 (April 14, 2019): 1114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.202.
Full textAbstract:
BACKGROUND: Anemia in pregnancy was one of the national problems. Insufficient iron deposits before pregnancy and inadequate iron intake during pregnancy could lead to iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy, followed by iron deficiency in neonates.
AIM: This study aimed to assess the molecular relationship of maternal iron deficiency with the function of the neonatal central nervous system to know the cognitive aspects of learning ability of children.
METHODS: This study was an observational analytic study with cross-sectional design underwent in RSUP Dr M. Djamil Padang, RSI Ibnu Sina Padang, and RSU BMC Padang. The sample size was 80 pregnant women at term. After a maternal and neonatal physical examination, maternal and umbilical blood samples were obtained to assess maternal ferritin levels and neonates ferritin, neurotrophin and zinc levels using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Data were analysed using the IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows. The independent sample t-test was performed to assess the relationship for normally distributed data and Mann-Whitney test for abnormal data distribution with significance level p < 0.05.
RESULTS: There were differences in mean neonatal ferritin (p < 0.001), neonatal neurotrophin (p < 0.001), and neonatal zinc (p < 0.001) to normal maternal ferritin levels (≥ 15 μg/ml) and low maternal ferritin levels (< 15 μg/ml). The difference in mean neonatal head circumference (0.92; CI95% -0.79-0.98) was associated with neonatal ferritin levels.
CONCLUSIONS: The mean neonatal ferritin, neurotrophin, and zinc levels were found lower in iron deficiency maternal. Maternal iron deficiency correlates with neonate growth, iron deficiency, and neurotrophin expression that affected neonate cognition.
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Yitbarek, Kiddus, Sarah Hurlburt, Terje P. Hagen, Melkamu Berhane, Gelila Abraham, Ayinengida Adamu, Gebeyehu Tsega, and Mirkuzie Woldie. "Inequitable Utilization of Neonatal Health Services in Southwest Ethiopia: The Effects of Socioeconomic Disparities." INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 58 (January 2021): 004695802110182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00469580211018290.
Full textAbstract:
Low levels of neonatal health services utilization and high neonatal deaths are often concentrated among socially and economically disadvantaged groups, especially in low-income countries. Therefore the aim of this study was to assess inequity in the use of neonatal health services in Southwest Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 8 districts located in Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia from 19 March to 28 April 2018. A total of 835 mothers were included in the study with systematic random sampling. Principal component analysis was conducted to develop wealth quintiles of the households. Equity in neonatal health services was measured using rate-ratio, concentration curve, concentration index, and analyzed by binary logistic regression. Neonates from richer families were 1.25 times more likely to use neonatal health services than the poorer households with a concentration index value of 0.07. Neonates from highly educated mothers have better used the services and the corresponding concentration index value of 0.03. Neonatal service utilization was 1.32 times higher in the highest wealth quintile in rural settings. Similarly, services delivered at health posts and hospitals were used 2.4 and 2 times more by the wealthy, whereas services given at health centers are more utilized by the poorest. Outputs of binary logistic regression analysis indicated that neonates from middle quintile wealth households were found to be better neonatal health service users [AOR_1.72, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.82]. Neonate born from a secondary school attended mother [AOR_3.56, 95% CI: 1.90, 6.69] were more likely to use neonatal health services. Neonatal health service utilization in Southwest Ethiopia is more common among neonates from richer households and more educated mothers. There is a big difference among the wealthy and poorer in a rural setting and among those who used health posts. Working on the social-determinants of health will facilitate eliminating inequity.
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Adatara, Peter, Agani Afaya, Solomon Mohammed Salia, Richard Adongo Afaya, Kennedy Diema Konlan, Eric Agyabeng-Fandoh, Ethel Agbinku, Esther Aku Ayandayo, and Irene Gifty Boahene. "Risk Factors Associated with Neonatal Sepsis: A Case Study at a Specialist Hospital in Ghana." Scientific World Journal 2019 (January 1, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9369051.
Full textAbstract:
Worldwide, neonatal sepsis accounts for an estimated 26% of under-five deaths, with sub-Saharan Africa having the highest mortality rates. Though worldwide neonatal deaths have decreased by over 3.6 million per year since 2000, neonatal sepsis remains a notable hindrance to the progress in the decline of cause-specific mortality rates especially in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed at examining the risk factors of neonatal sepsis at the Trauma and Specialist Hospital, Winneba. The study was an unmatched case control retrospective study. Cases were neonates who had sepsis with their index mothers and controls were neonates who did not have sepsis with their index mothers. Neonatal and maternal medical records were retrieved from January to December 2017. Data abstraction lasted for one month and 2650 folders for the neonates and their index mothers were retrieved. Nine hundred (900) neonatal folders were considered valid for the study and likewise for the maternal folders. One hundred and three (103) folders were considered cases while 797 were considered as controls. Data were entered using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 22. Logistic regression was used to determine the risk of neonatal sepsis. Maternal factors that predicted the occurrence of sepsis among neonates were parity (p<0.027), mode of delivery (p<0.001), bleeding disorder (p<0.001), and PROM (p<0.001). Neonatal risk factors which predicted the occurrence of sepsis were APGAR score in the first and fifth minute (p<0.001), resuscitation at birth (p<0.004), duration of stay in the facility (p<0.001), and neonatal age on admission (p<0.001). The study found both maternal and neonatal factors to have a strong association with the risk of developing neonatal sepsis. Encouraging maternal antenatal care utilization would help identify the risk factors during prenatal and postnatal care and appropriate interventions implemented to reduce the likelihood of the neonate developing sepsis.
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Geta, Temesgen, Tsiyon Kassa, and Eskinder Israel. "Magnitude of sepsis and its predictors among neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit at Hawassa University comprehensive specialized hospital in Southern Ethiopia 2022." Journal of Pediatrics & Neonatal Care 12, no. 3 (November 14, 2022): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jpnc.2022.12.00476.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Neonatal sepsis is a leading cause of neonatal death across the globe, which accounted for 15% and 30% of neonatal mortality in low and middle-income countries and developing countries including Ethiopia, respectively. Despite various efforts have been made by the Ethiopian government to prevent neonatal mortality and morbidity, sepsis-related to neonatal mortality is still high. So the objective of this study was to assess the magnitude and affecting factors of neonatal sepsis among neonates admitted to neonate intensive care units in Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southern Ethiopia. Methods and materials: Facility based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to February 2022 at Hawassa university comprehensive specialized hospital, Southern Ethiopia. A total of 216 neonate-mother pairs who were admitted to the intensive care unit was included in the study and a systematic random sampling technique was used to select study participant. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The data was entered into EPI Data 3.1 version and transported to SPSS version 25 for data analysis. Multi regression analysis was done for predictor variables associated at p-value <0.05 with the dependent variable. Result: A total of 74 (34.3%) neonates were admitted with neonatal sepsis. A surgical procedure is done before sepsis (AOR=2.9, 95% of CI(1.5 to5.6), last pregnancy wanted (AOR=2.8, 95% of CI(1.0 to 7.3), more frequent per-vaginal examination (AOR=2.6, 95% of CI (1.3 to 5.3), educational level unable to read and write(AOR=5.4, 95% of CI(1.0 to 27.7), low birth weight (AOR=5.4, 95% of CI(3.0 to 9.8), and getting care from unskilled health workers(AOR=2.7, 95% of CI(1.5 to 4.9) were significantly associated with neonatal sepsis at multivariable with less than 0.05 p values. Conclusion: This study indicated that the prevalence of neonatal sepsis was still high. Thus, immediate action should be taken before it leads to neonatal mortality and further complications. The study used only physician diagnosis to confirm neonatal sepsis, which may affect its prevalence and needs further investigation.
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Kumar, Ashwani, Gursharan Singh Narang, Gurmeet Singh, Navneet Virk, and Ashiana Singh. "Clinico-epidemiological spectrum of early onset neonatal sepsis in neonates admitted in NICU of a tertiary care institute." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 6, no. 3 (April 30, 2019): 1046. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20191071.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Neonatal sepsis is a clinical syndrome characterized by signs and symptoms of infection with or without accompanying bacteremia in the first month of life. Neonatal sepsis may be classified into two groups : early onset sepsis and late onset sepsis . Early onset neonatal sepsis is generally associated with the acquisition of microorganisms from the mother and usually presents with respiratory distress and pneumonia.Methods: The study included one hundred term neonates with early onset neonatal sepsis. A septic screen including total leukocyte count, absolute neutrophil count, blood smear evaluation, blood cultures and C-reactive protein (CRP) were performed in all neonates with suspected sepsis to corroborate early onset sepsis diagnosis. Epidemiological parameters including gender of the neonate, mode of delivery, rural/urban residence were recorded in addition to clinical profile.Results: Respiratory distress was the most common presentation in the form of tachypnea, seen in 63 (63.0%) neonates. In present study, Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism isolated followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus hominis, Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumonae.Conclusions: Early onset neonatal sepsis was seen more in males. Among the gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and among gram negative Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumonae were most common organisms to be isolated.
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Kaur, Gunjanpreet, Sunita Arora, Kamalpreet Singh, Mandeep Singh, and Arshpreet Kaur. "Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in neonatal population." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 7, no. 7 (June 24, 2020): 1519. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20202608.
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Background: The objectives of this study was to study the prevalence of thyroid disorders in high risk neonatal populations and to study association of maternal thyroid dysfunction with neonatal thyroid problems and outcome.Methods: This was an observational study, conducted in NICU at Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar. The study included neonates born to mothers with thyroid disorder or with clinical features suggestive of thyroid dysfunction. Neonates with history of maternal thyroid dysfunction were screened at 72 to 96 hrs of postnatal age. Those with TSH >10 mIU/L or free T4 <1.1 ng /ml were followed up after two weeks. The neonates with clinical features suggestive of thyroid dysfunction were screened at presentation and those with abnormal thyroid profile were followed up after two weeks. Results obtained were statistically analyzed using SPSS 17.0 software.Results: Out of 260 neonates screened, 208 neonates were born to mothers with hypothyroidism, 6 neonates had increased levels of TSH during first week which normalised on follow up during third week. One neonate born to hyperthyroid mother, showed increased TSH levels during first week and 2nd week which declined to normal level on follow up at 3rd week. Out of 51 neonates with clinical features suggestive of thyroid dysfunction, born to euthyroid mothers, 3 neonates had increased levels of TSH on presentation which normalised on further follow up. Thus, majority of high risk neonates at birth show transient hypothyroidism.Conclusions: None of the neonate was labelled as hypothyroid, all the 10 neonates showed transient hyperthyrotropinemia.
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Yadav, Nikita Singh, Pranav Kumar Yadav, Rajeshwar Reddy Kasarla, and Pramila Parajuli. "Incidence and Risk Factors Associated with Blood Culture Proven Neonatal Sepsis." Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences 9, no. 01 (June 22, 2021): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v9i01.37963.
Full textAbstract:
INTRODUCTION
Neonatal sepsis (sepsis neonatorum) is a clinical syndrome resulting from the pathophysiologic effects of local or systemic infection. This is a major cause of morbidity and mortality around the world affecting newborns up to one month of age with clinical symptoms and positive blood cultures. This study aimed at examining the risk factors of neonatal sepsis at pediatric tertiary care hospital.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
This was a hospital based cross-sectional case control study conducted among 350 neonates admitted within April to September 2015 at the Kanti Children’s Hospital, Kathmandu Nepal. Cases were neonates who had sepsis and controls were neonates who did not have sepsis with their index mothers. CRP screening tests and blood culture was performed. Data were entered using the SPSS (Version 22). Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the risk of neonatal sepsis.
RESULTS
A total of 59 (17%) neonates who had sepsis (cases) with their index mothers’ and 291 (83%) neonates who had no sepsis (controls) with their index mothers were enrolled. Maternal factors that predicted the occurrence of sepsis among neonates were parity (p<0.027), mode of delivery (p<0.001) and PROM (p<0.001). Neonatal risk factors which predicted the occurrence of sepsis were duration of stay in the facility (p<0.001) and neonatal age on admission (p<0.001).
CONCLUSION
The study found both maternal and neonatal factors to have a strong association with the risk of developing neonatal sepsis. Encouraging maternal antenatal care utilization would help identify the risk factors during prenatal and postnatal care and appropriate interventions implemented to reduce the likelihood of the neonate developing sepsis.
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Leonard, Joshua L., Will M. Inselman, Lora B. Perkins, Troy W. Grovenburg, Duane J. Lammers, and Jonathan A. Jenks. "Capturing Neonatal Bison With a Net Gun From a Utility Terrain Vehicle." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/092016-jfwm-076.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Monitoring neonatal bison Bison bison for daily survival is difficult without a proper technique to effectively capture and safely handle neonates. Currently, we are not aware of an effective method to capture neonatal bison. In May 2015, we initiated a study on Olson's Bison Conservation Ranches, Pine River, Manitoba, Canada, to evaluate a new approach to effectively capture and handle neonate bison. We captured bison neonates by using a modified .308 caliber net gun deployed from a utility terrain vehicle. We successfully captured and radio-tagged 10 male and 16 female neonate bison in 37 attempts (70.3% success). Over a period of 4 d, 16.0 labor h were spent pursuing and handling neonates, with an average capture rate of one bison neonate for every 0.6 labor h. Average handling time of bison neonates was 3.7 ± 1.6 min and ranged from 1.0 to 7.5 min. Results of our study indicate that our approach was effective and efficient for capturing and handling bison neonates safely. No injuries or capture related mortalities were observed throughout the handling and monitoring period. This technique will allow biologists and herd managers to capture neonates, monitor their survival, and collect cause-specific data on mortality of neonates in managed bison populations.
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Kalish, Brian T., and Christopher McPherson. "Management of Neonatal Hypotension." Neonatal Network 36, no. 1 (2017): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.36.1.40.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractHypotension is a common problem in neonates with complex underlying pathophysiology. Although treatment of low blood pressure is common, clinicians must use all available information to target neonates with compromised perfusion. Pharmacotherapy should be tailored to the specific physiologic perturbations of the individual neonate. Dopamine is the most commonly utilized agent and may be the most appropriate agent for septic shock with low diastolic blood pressure. However, alternative therapies should be considered for other etiologies of hypotension, including milrinone and vasopressin for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn and dobutamine for patent ductus arteriosus. Additional studies are required to refine the approach to neonatal hypotension and document the long-term outcomes of treated neonates.
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Iizuka, Shunsuke, Fuminori Sakurai, Kahori Shimizu, Kazuo Ohashi, Shin-ichiro Nakamura, Masashi Tachibana, and Hiroyuki Mizuguchi. "Evaluation of Transduction Properties of an Adenovirus Vector in Neonatal Mice." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/685374.
Full textAbstract:
In gene therapy for congenital disorders, treatments during neonate and infant stages are promising. Replication-incompetent adenovirus (Ad) vectors have been used in gene therapy studies of genetic disorders; however, the transduction properties of Ad vectors in neonates and infants have not been fully examined. Accordingly, this study examined the properties of Ad vector-mediated transduction in neonatal mice. A first-generation Ad vector containing a cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter-driven luciferase expression cassette was administered to neonatal mice on the second day of lifeviaretro-orbital sinus. The highest Ad vector genome copy numbers and transgene expression were found in the neonatal liver. The neonatal heart exhibited the second highest levels of transgene expression among the organs examined. There was an approximately 1500-fold difference in the transgene expression levels between the adult liver and heart, while the neonatal liver exhibited only an approximately 30-fold higher level of transgene expression than the neonatal heart. A liver-specific promoter for firefly luciferase expression conferred a more than 100-fold higher luciferase expression in the liver relative to the other organs. No apparent hepatotoxicity was observed in neonatal mice following Ad vector administration. These findings should provide valuable information for gene therapy using Ad vectors in neonates and infants.
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Milcic, Terri Lynne. "Neonatal Glucose Homeostasis." Neonatal Network 27, no. 3 (May 2008): 203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.27.3.203.
Full textAbstract:
NEWBORNS ARE NURTURED in a uterine environment that provides and regulates their glucose supply. Once the umbilical cord is clamped and the maternal glucose supply is terminated, the neonate must begin glucose regulation. This regulation involves complex metabolic and hormonal pathways that may not be mature immediately after birth. A variety of factors influences maturation of these pathways, including developmental immaturity, gestational age, maternal influence, delivery history, and any existing disease processes.1 Management of glucose homeostasis is further complicated because a “normal” range for neonatal blood glucose values has not been clearly defined.2–6 The practitioner must be astute at identifying neonates at risk for glucose problems and intervene quickly because prolonged glucose imbalance can cause serious neonatal complications.
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Mamun, Mohammad Abdullah Al, and Manzoor Hussain. "Neonatal Myocarditis: A Review." Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital Journal 35, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dshj.v35i1.51718.
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Neonatal myocarditis is a rare and life-threatening disease with clinical symptoms suggesting bacterial sepsis, accompanied by congestive heart failure, cardiogenic shock and arrhythmias. Enteroviruses and adenoviruses are the most frequent pathogens isolated in myocarditis in neonate. Due to extensive myocyte necrosis in the left ventricle, symptoms may mimic myocardial infarction and circulatory collapse. The diagnosis is suggested by an ischaemic electrocardiogram, raised cardiac enzymes and left ventricular dysfunction. These infants are best managed by early recognition of heart failure, avoidance of hypotension and transfer to an ECMO center. No specific antiviral treatment exists for neonatal myocarditis. Even in the presence of sufficient respiratory and circulatory support, the mortality among neonates with viral myocarditis is high. Majority of survivors develop serious cardiac sequelae. Since neonatal myocarditis is a devastating disease and is not often in the differential diagnosis of neonatal collapse, clinicians should keep a high index of suspicion.
DS (Child) H J 2019; 35(1) : 70-73
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Pahwa, Manish, Pooja Pahwa, and R. K. Jain. "Transient Neonatal Dermatoses- Mostly Physiological." Journal of Neonatology 22, no. 1 (March 2008): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097321790802200103.
Full textAbstract:
Skin rashes are common in the neonate and can cause parental anxiety. Many of these are transient and physiological, but some may require additional work up to rule out a more serious disorder. Hence it is important for the pediatrician to recognize these physiological states that can present in a normal neonate. Mongolian spots, milia, miliaria, Epstein pearls, physiological scaling of the skin and seborrheic dermatitis are some of the commonest skin lesions. Cutis marmorata and harlequin color change are transient vascular phenomena seen in neonates. Acne neonatorum, erythema toxicum neonatorum and transient neonatal pustular melanoses are transient vesiculopustular rashes that can be diagnosed clinically. However neonates with unusual presentations or signs of systemic illness should be evaluated for fungal, particularly candidial, viral, and bacterial infections.
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Wood, Tara, Margret Johnson, Taryn Temples, and Curry Bordelon. "Thermoneutral Environment for Neonates: Back to the Basics." Neonatal Network 41, no. 5 (August 1, 2022): 289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/nn-2022-0003.
Full textAbstract:
Thermoregulation is an essential component to the stability and long-term outcomes of newborns and critically-ill neonates. A thermoneutral environment (TNE) is an environment in which a neonate maintains a normal body temperature while minimizing energy expenditure and oxygen consumption. Neonates who experience thermal stability within a TNE demonstrate enhanced growth, decreased respiratory support, decreased oxygen requirements, increased glucose stability, reduced mortality, and reduced morbidities associated with hyperthermia and hypothermia. Heat exchange occurs between the neonate and surrounding environment through four mechanisms: evaporation, conduction, convection, and radiation. By recognizing the methods by which heat is lost or gained, the neonatal provider can prevent adverse conditions related to abnormal thermal control and support a thermoneutral neonatal environment.
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Banik, Souradip, Kumar Ankur, Sanjeev Chetry, and Aparna Prasad. "Neonatal Chikungunya Presented as Apnea." Journal of Neonatology 35, no. 4 (October 6, 2021): 189–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09732179211048409.
Full textAbstract:
Neonatal Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection is sporadic, and the prevalence of the entity has been described only recently. Neurological complications in adults have been reported, but there is a lack of data in this regard in neonates. In this retrospective case series done during the outbreak of Chikungunya, we observed 7 neonates who presented with fever, irritability, excessive cry, and rash, which was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Out of 7, 5 neonates presented with encephalopathy with apnea and seizures (80%), which were the most common presenting symptoms. Identifying this entity based on clinical and epidemiological background helps in management and aids in prognostication of the affected neonate.