Relevant bibliographies by topics / Neonatal and child health

Academic literature on the topic 'Neonatal and child health'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Neonatal and child health"

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Satrinawati Berkat. "THE INFLUENCE OF MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH SERVICES ON NEONATAL DEATH OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT NEONATES IN ACEH PROVINCE." Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.19/no.1/art.82.

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Low birth weight (LBW) is one of the most crucial problem related to neonatal mortality and infant mortality. The LBW is defined as babies born with a birth weight less than 2500 grams. LBW does not only contribute to neonatal morbidity, but may lead to neonatal mortality. This study aim to determine the influence of maternal and child health services (MCH) services to neonatal death among LBW babies in Aceh province, Indonesia.This study is observational study with mix method, using quantitative (Unmatched case control study) and qualitative (case study). The study was conducted between 2011-2015 in 8 district/municipality in Aceh Province, Indonesia. Total sample for quantitative study was 500 neonates (1:1), 250 neonates who died in neonatal period (case) and 250 LBW neonates who survived in the neonatal period (control group). Meanwhile, the total sample for qualitative study was 22, there were 12 (mother) and 10 (midwife).The result of A simple logistic regression analysis for MCH factors found that 4 of 7 variable were significant association with neonatal death among LBW (P value < 0.05), these variables include: Antenatal care (ANC), place of delivery, level of health facilities and neonatal visit. Multiple logistic regression found the ANC has a strongest influence on neonatal death among LBW babies in Aceh Province (OR=3.6; 95% CI: 2.3-5.7). The LBW neonates who were born to mothers who received number of ANC equal to or less than 3 times had a 3.6 times higher risk of death, than neonates who were born to mothers who received ANC ≥ 4 times. The appropriate of health services in health facilities are needed to reduce the NMR and improve the health of neonate.
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Wakjira Basha, Garoma, Ashenafi Abate Woya, and Abay Kassa Tekile. "Determinants of neonatal mortality in Ethiopia: an analysis of the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey." African Health Sciences 20, no. 2 (July 22, 2020): 715–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v20i2.23.

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Background: The first 28 days of life, the neonatal period, are the most vulnerable time for a child’s survival. Neonatal mortality accounts for about 38% of under-five deaths in low and middle income countries. This study aimed to identify the determinants of neonatal mortality in Ethiopia. Methods: The study used data from the nationally representative 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). Once the data were extracted; editing, coding and cleaning were done by using SAS 9.4.Sampling weights was applied to en- sure the representativeness of the sample in this study. Both bivariate and multivariable logistic regression statistical analysis was used to identify determinants of neonatal mortality in Ethiopia. Results: A total of 11,023 weighted live-born neonates born within five years preceding the 2016 EDHS were included this in this study. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that multiple birth neonates (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR)=6.38;95%- Confidence Interval (CI):4.42-9.21), large birth size (AOR=1.35; 95% CI: 0.28-1.62), neonates born to mothers who did not utilize ANC (AOR=1.41; 95% CI: 1.11-1.81), neonates from rural area (AOR=1.88; 95% CI: 1.15-3.05) and neonates born in Harari region (AOR=1.45; 95% CI: 0.61-3.45)had higher odds of neonatal mortality. On the other hand, female neonates (AOR=0.60; 95% CI: 0.47-0.75), neonates born within the interval of more than 36 months of the preceding birth (AOR=0.56; 95% CI: 0.43-0.75), neonates born to fathers with secondary and higher education level (AOR=0.51; 95%CI: 0.22-0.88) had lower odds of neonatal mortality in Ethiopia. Conclusion: To reduce neonatal mortality in Ethiopia, there is a need to implement sex specific public health intervention mainly focusing on male neonate during pregnancy, child birth and postnatal period. A relatively simple and cost-effective public health intervention should be implemented to make sure that all pregnant women are screened for multiple pregnancy and if positive, extra care should be given during pregnancy, child birth and postnatal. Keywords: Neonatal mortality; logistic regression; odds ratio; Ethiopia.
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Mazumdar, J., and S. Sen. "Neonatal Empyema Thoracis." Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 34, no. 1 (March 24, 2014): 65–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i1.8233.

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Empyema thoracis, is a rare cause of respiratory distress in neonates. Only a few cases of neonatal empyema thoracis are described in medical literature. Empyema thoracis is not a well known entity in the neonates. It is fulminant with rapid progression with a high mortality. Compounding the problem is its uncertain etiopathogenesis and lack of definite treatment guidelines. We shall describe one case of neonatal empyema in a newborn aged five days caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The neonate died subsequently. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i1.8233 J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(1):65-67
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Ewere, F., and D. O. Eke. "Neonatal Mortality and Maternal/Child Health Care in Nigeria: An Impact Analysis." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 24, no. 7 (August 9, 2020): 1299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v24i7.26.

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Reducing the rate of mortality in neonates to as low as 12 per 1,000 live births is one of the clearly spelt out aims of the third tenet of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) because of its importance to the dynamics of population. While there have been various studies focused majorly on the causes, rates and determinants of neonatal mortality in Nigeria, studies on the impact of maternal/child care characteristics on neonatal mortalityand the potential implication of failing to attain the SDG target for neonatal mortality have seemingly been neglected. In this study, we undertake an analysis of the impact of maternal / child care characteristics on neonatal mortality using the logistic regression model. Results from the study showed that antenatal care (P-value = 0.000, odds ratio = 0.546 for women who visited the hospital during pregnancy on more than 5 occasions), post natal care (P-value = 0.004, odds ratio = 0.402 for women who received early neonatal care from skilled medical personnel), place ofdelivery (P-value = 0.000, odds ratio = 0.592 for babies that were delivered in a government hospital) and skill of birth attendant (P-value = 0.000, odds ratio = 0.706 for babies who were delivered by trained doctors/nurses/midwives) had significant impact on neonatal mortality at the 95% confidence level implying that improved maternal health care: before, during and immediately after delivery as well as the quality of care to motherand child are both important and necessary to the reduction of neonatal mortality in Nigeria. To achieve the sustainable development target for neonatal mortality, it is therefore recommended that stake holders in the public health sector improve the quality of existing health care facilities and access to quality services. Keywords: Neonatal mortality, logistic regression, maternal care, child health care, Nigeria
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Borum, Peggy R. "Carnitine in Neonatal Nutrition." Journal of Child Neurology 10, no. 2_suppl (November 1995): 2S25–2S31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073895010002s04.

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Experimental evidence from several investigators suggests that carnitine is a conditionally essential nutrient for neonates. If camitine is a conditionally essential nutrient for the neonate, most neonates on total parenteral nutrition in the United States are not receiving adequate nutritional support. The metabolic functions of carnitine are varied and important in sev eral aspects of neonatal physiology. All neonates receiving breast milk receive dietary carnitine and most neonates receiv ing enteral infant formulas receive dietary carnitine at a level similar to that of the breast-fed neonate. However, most neonates on total parenteral nutrition receive no dietary carnitine. Investigators have been testing the working hypothesis that carnitine is a conditionally essential nutrient for the neonate for many years. This review discusses (1) data support ing the hypothesis, (2) reasons why it has not been either proved or disproved by now, and (3) the author's view of a prudent approach to dietary camitine supplementation of neonates. (J Child Neurol 1995;10(Suppl):2525-2531).
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Das, Amit Kumar, Deepak Mishra, Nitu Kumari Jha, Rakesh Mishra, and Soniya Jha. "Role of Lumbar Puncture in Late Onset Neonatal Sepsis." Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 39, no. 3 (December 31, 2019): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v39i3.28459.

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Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is a clinical syndrome characterized by signs and symptoms of infection with or without accompanying bacteremia in the first month of life. It is responsible for about 30-50% of the total neonatal deaths in developing countries. Neonatal sepsis can be divided into two sub-types depending upon whether the onset of symptoms within the first 72 hours of life (Early Onset Neonatal Sepsis) or after 72 hours of life (Late Onset Neonatal Sepsis ). Meningitis is an important complication of late onset neonatal sepsis. Method: This was hospital based prospective observational study conducted among the neonates admitted with diagnosis of late onset neonatal sepsis in Neonatal Intermediate Care Unit (NIMCU) and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Kanti Children’s Hospital from July 2016 to June 2017. The objective of this study was to evaluate the importance of performing LP in neonates with LONS. Results: 16.8% neonates with late onset neonatal sepsis were found to have meningitis. Among the neonates with meningitis CRP was positive 57.2% and negative in 42.8 %. Among the cases with abnormal CSF findings, blood culture was sterile in 85% cases and organism was isolated 15% cases. In 88.8% cases with positive blood culture, no meningitis was detected. Lumbar puncture was traumatic in 1 neonate (0.8%) in first attempt. Apart from this no other complication of performing lumbar puncture was noted. Conclusion: Lumbar puncture and CSF examination is mandatory in all cases with late-onset sepsis.
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Chandrasekar, Indira, Mary Anne Tablizo, Manisha Witmans, Jose Maria Cruz, Marcus Cummins, and Wendy Estrellado-Cruz. "Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Neonates." Children 9, no. 3 (March 15, 2022): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9030419.

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Neonates have distinctive anatomic and physiologic features that predispose them to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The overall prevalence of neonatal OSA is unknown, although an increase in prevalence has been reported in neonates with craniofacial malformations, neurological disorders, and airway malformations. If remained unrecognized and untreated, neonatal OSA can lead to impaired growth and development, cardiovascular morbidity, and can even be life threatening. Polysomnography and direct visualization of the airway are essential diagnostic modalities in neonatal OSA. Treatment of neonatal OSA is based on the severity of OSA and associated co-morbidities. This may include medical and surgical interventions individualized for the affected neonate. Based on this, it is expected that infants with OSA have more significant healthcare utilization.
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Christian, Parul, Luke C. Mullany, Kristen M. Hurley, Joanne Katz, and Robert E. Black. "Nutrition and maternal, neonatal, and child health." Seminars in Perinatology 39, no. 5 (August 2015): 361–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.semperi.2015.06.009.

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Chang, Mei-Hwei. "Towards Better Neonatal and Child Health Care." Pediatrics & Neonatology 49, no. 2 (April 2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1875-9572(08)60001-7.

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Ibrahim, Riyadh M. "Morbidity and Mortality Pattern of Neonates Admitted to Neonatal Care Unit.Central Teaching Pediatric Hospital Baghdad." AL-Kindy College Medical Journal 16, no. 1 (September 5, 2020): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v16i1.188.

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Background; Neonatal period is a very vulnerable period of life due to many problems, In spite of advances in perinatal and neonatal care still, the mortality rate of neonate high especially in developing country The World Health Organization estimates that globally four million neonatal deaths per year, Developing countries account for around 99% of the neonatal mortality in the world, In Iraq. Neonatal mortality rate about 19 per 1000 live births which represent 56% of child death below 5 years age in 2012. .Objectives The aims of the study were to determine the institutional new-born case fatality rate and the cause of admission and death in the neonatal care unit.Method; Across-section study was carried out of the Neonatal Care Unit of Central Teaching Hospital of Pediatric in Baghdad Al-krakh Health DirectorateResult; During 2015, 1977 neonates were admitted, Mortality rate was 9%, Four main causes of death were identified; Respiratory related condition, Bacterial sepsis, premature neonate (Disorder related to short gestational and low birth weight not relayed to elsewhere classification) and congenital malformation 37.5%, 33.3%, 7.1% and 7.1% respectively , The main causes of morbidity were Neonatal jaundice, Respiratory related condition, Bacterial sepsis 37.5%, 35.2%. 14.1% respectively Conclusions: The majority of neonatal morbidity and mortality can be prevented by appropriate interventions
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Neonatal and child health"

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Raeside, L. "Neonatal pain assessment : the development of a pain assessment scale for neonatal transport." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2014. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/372909/.

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The aim of this study is to develop a pain assessment scale for use during neonatal transport. Underpinned by the rights of the child to have appropriate assessment and management of pain and the important deleterious effects pain can have on the physiological stability of the neonate, this study utilises a qualitative consensus paradigm of enquiry to inform the content and structure a pain assessment scale specific to the transport setting. The study was conducted in three Phases, the first Phase consisted of a nominal group meeting with transport clinicians to ascertain their views on items to include in a pain assessment scale for transport. Phase Two utilised the Delphi technique to gain consensus from a large cohort of clinicians experienced in the field of neonatal transport on the content, structure and design of a transport pain assessment scale. Results of the first two Phases of the study were then applied to the adaptation of an existing pain assessment scale. Face validity of the newly developed Neonatal Transport Pain Assessment Scale (NTPAS) was then tested in Phase Three by semi-structured interviews with transport clinicians. Results of initial face validity testing suggested positive results in relation to feasibility and clinical utility of the scale, however further testing is strongly recommended. Currently there are no pain assessment scales developed for use in the transport setting, and little evidence on the effects of transport on pain and pain assessment. This study offers a unique approach in adding to the body of knowledge on neonatal pain assessment and facilitated the development of a scale adapted to transport. Further research is suggested to undertake psychometric testing of the scale and establish validity and reliability in the clinical setting.
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Dube, Queen. "Aetiology and outcome of neonatal sepsis and meningitis in Malawi." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2014. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2005539/.

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In Malawi there has been significant progress in reducing post-neonatal and under-5 deaths over the past decade but very little progress in reducing neonatal deaths. The major causes of neonatal deaths in Malawi are prematurity, infections and birth asphyxia. Neonatal sepsis has been shown to have long term complications ranging from motor deficits to cognitive impairment, epilepsy and behavioural disorders in preterm very low birth weight infants in the developed setting. Contrary to the epidemiology in the developed setting where neonatal sepsis is predominantly seen in preterm low birth weight infants, in the developing setting neonatal sepsis is also common among term babies. However, very little is known on the long term outcome of neonatal sepsis in the resource restrained setting. In this thesis the aetiology and outcome of neonatal sepsis and meningitis is investigated. METHODOLOGY This was study had 2 components; a cross sectional arm and a prospective cohort arm. The cross sectional study was looking at the aetiology, resistance pattern and in hospital outcome of severe neonatal infection cases presenting at QECH in Blantyre. The prospective cohort arm involved participants who were recruited in the cross sectional arm at QECH and were residing within Blantyre urban and infants that never had an episode of severe neonatal infection were recruited from Zingwangwa health Centre. The infants from Zingwangwa acted as controls. The participants in the prospective cohort arm were followed up to the age of 1 year where neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed using the Bayley’s assessment tool. These participants also had detailed neurologic examination during the follow up visits at 6 and 12 months of age. A comparison between the cases and controls was made to ascertain the impact of neonatal infection outcome. RESULTS During the study a total of 412 cases were enrolled in the cross sectional arm. 75% of the cases had late onset disease. GBS was the commonest organism grown in blood culture 17/42(40%) and CSF culture 16/33(48%). 44% had abnormal serum sodium levels on admission and hypernatraemia was independently associated with an increased risk of dying in hospital (8.34[95% CI 1.95-35.7]). 51% of the gram negative organisms were multidrug resistant. In the long term outcome neonatal sepsis without overt meningitis was associated with an up to 6.6 –fold {95% CI (2.38-18.4) increased risk of developmental delay at 1 year of age. Meningitis was associated with a 17-fold {95% CI 4.89- 61.7} increased risk of developmental delay at 1 year of age. Positive blood or CSF culture and being HIV exposed were independent predictors of delay at I year of age. CONCLUSION GBS is a significant cause of neonatal infections in Malawi. The magnitude of developmental delay observed in infants who had neonatal sepsis without meningitis is worrying up to 35% of these infants were delayed. It is therefore important to employ measures that can prevent neonatal infections. Follow up is recommended in infants who had an episode of severe neonatal infection.
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Dare, Shadrach. "A multilevel mixed methods study of neonatal mortality in Ghana." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/30943/.

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Background: Reducing neonatal mortality rates [NMR] (deaths/1,000 live births within 28 days of delivery) is a key global health goal. Using comparable data from Ghana (West Africa) and Scotland, I investigated NMR, specific causes of death and risk factors in the two countries. By identifying the main causes of excess mortality in Ghana and where they occur, it is hoped more effective strategies can be developed. Methods: This thesis used a multilevel mixed methods study design. Data on live births were obtained from three Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems (HDSS) in the north, middle and south of Ghana respectively: Navrongo (2004-12; 17,016 live births, 320 deaths); Kintampo (2005-10; 11,207 live births, 140 deaths); Dodowa (2006-14; 21,647 live births, 135 deaths). Comparable Scottish data were obtained from the Information Services Division (1992 to 2015; 1,278,846 live births, 2,783 deaths). Each dataset was analysed by neonatal death (dead/alive), using univariate and multivariable logistic regression. The multivariable analyses adjusted for maternal demographic and obstetric characteristics. Missing data were analysed using multiple imputation techniques. Data analyses were complemented by a researcher-developed questionnaire survey of 71 maternity care providers in the three regions of Ghana followed by face-to-face in-depth interviews with 48 maternity care providers who had experience of prematurity, birth asphyxia, neonatal infection and neonatal death. Results: The NMRs in the three HDSS were: Navrongo: 18.8; Kintampo: 12.5; and Dodowa 6.2 and in Scotland it was 2.2; the NMR in both countries is reducing. More than 99% of the neonatal deaths in Scotland occurred in the first week compared to 74% in Ghana. The leading causes of neonatal deaths (NMR) in Ghana were infection (4.3), asphyxia (3.7) and prematurity (2.2). In Scotland, they were congenital malformations (0.6), asphyxia (0.4) and prematurity (0.3). Only 88 deaths (0.07) of neonatal deaths in Scotland were due to infection. Ninety-eight percent of babies born in Scotland were born in a health facility compared to 60% of babies born in Ghana (hospital: 38.1%; clinic: 21.1%). In Ghana, babies born in hospitals had a higher risk of neonatal mortality compared to those born at home (NMR-hospital: 15.6; clinic: 7.1; home: 11.8). Most of the neonatal deaths in Ghana occurred at home (54%); there were more deaths among babies who were born in a hospital but died at home (hosp/home) compared to those born at home but died in a hospital (home/hosp). Asphyxia was the leading cause of death among hosp/hosp, and infection was the leading cause of death among hosp/home, home/home and home/hosp. Neonatal mortality in Ghana was largely influenced by where mothers sought maternity service, or the type of personnel who provided maternity care service. Mothers and babies who were cared for in hospitals by doctors and midwives received relatively better care and proper management of birth complications. Those who were cared for in clinics received basic delivery services and management of uncomplicated asphyxia. Mothers and babies who were cared for at home by traditional birth attendants (TBA) received poor care and poor management of neonatal illnesses based on traditional approaches which increased the risk of death. Women’s maternity choices were influenced by wider societal factors including prominent cultural values, family hierarchical structures and the cost of maternity services, and individual/ family factors including place of residence and availability of transport and beliefs about the cause of disease. Conclusion: There is considerable opportunity for reducing NMR in Ghana, especially deaths due to asphyxia and infections. Most uncomplicated deliveries should be performed by midwives in community clinics. The number of community maternity clinics should gradually be increased to enable home deliveries by TBAs to be phased out. Facilities should be improved for delivery and postnatal care in hospitals and the proportion of sick babies managed by health care workers trained in their care should be increased. Regular postnatal checks in the community by trained staff should be standard.
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Wood, David L. "An Overview of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5183.

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Sato, Chisaki. "Social and behavioral aspect of mother's health behaviors and neonatal health." Scholar Commons, 2004. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/2972.

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The results of this study indicate that two groups of mothers share a relatively similar socioeconomic status, knowledge of health and hygiene, and have similar health-seeking behaviors. The mothers' lack of knowledge and their local view of illnesses seemed to embody questionable newborn care related to breastfeeding practices and oil applications to newborns. Three psychosocial factors that appeared to contribute to the mother's health-seeking behaviors were attitudinal factors (this consisted of favorable or unfavorable perceptions toward services based on the mother's prior experiences or familiarity with service), social pressures (opinions from others and the mother's competing responsibilities), and self-efficacies accessibility, availability, and affordability). In addition, the external factor of poverty in the slum settlements was also a significant factor which determined the mother's health seeking behaviors. The implications of these findings are discussed in further detail, which are then followed by a set of recommendations for future health interventions designed to reduce the risk of sepsis neonatorum in urban communities. This study underscores the benefits of integrating the perspectives of anthropology and public health to further the understanding of the neonatal health problem. Finally, the need for future studies is addressed as it is necessary to further understand the existing local practices and beliefs in relation to the risks of sepsis neonatorum.
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Booth, Nicola. "Becoming a parent to an infant requiring neonatal intensive care." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2011. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/6095/.

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The number of babies that require care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit continues to rise in the UK and parents who have a baby who is born sick or prematurely find themselves adapting to this stressful and often unexpected event whilst also trying to establish their role as a new parent. With no current large British studies, this study explores the experiences of both mothers and fathers in the NICU in relation to adaptation and parental role development and how their experience changes over time. In total 76 parents were interviewed using semi structured interviews 7-10 days following the birth to capture their early experiences of the NICU and then again beyond 28 days to explore any changes in their views and feelings over time. Interviews were tape recorded, transcribed verbatim into the written word and imported into WINMAX PRO. Data analysis revealed nine major sections. These are preparation prior to birth, labour and delivery, first sight of infant, support from the partner, family, friends and other parents, support from and communication with staff, adaptation to the NICU experience, development of the parental role, changes with time and the experiences of fathers. Findings show differences in what mothers and fathers find stressful about their NICU experience, how they adapt to the birth of a sick or premature infant and in their development of the parental role. With the passage of time the events surrounding the birth became less significant as parents start to look to the future. Their role as a parent continued to develop with feelings that their baby needed and recognised them, but many parents felt that they were unable to influence what happened to their baby in the NICU. Recommendations are made for further research and for changes to NICU practice.
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Nelson, Candice Afonso. "Neonatal Mortality in the Cape Town Metro West Geographical Service Area 2014-2017." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32948.

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Background Each neonatal death counts, as recognised by the Every Newborn Action Plan (ENAP). This is an important aspect in attaining the third Sustainable Development Goal by 2030. Accurate neonatal mortality data as well as an understanding of the causality and context is essential to plan interventions to reduce neonatal deaths and attain the third Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of a neonatal mortality rate of less than 12 per 1000 livebirths by 2035. Objectives The objectives of this study were: (i) to determine neonatal mortality occurring in and out of health facilities in the Metro West GSA using the three audit programmes; Perinatal Problem Identification Programme (PPIP), Child Healthcare Problem Identification Programme (Child PIP) and Forensic Pathology Services (ii) to ascertain the cause of death specific neonatal mortality (iii) to describe the avoidable factors in each death as coded by the three audit programmes (iv) to make recommendations for the alignment of existing audit databases to obtain accurate neonatal statistics for the Metro West GSA. Methods This was a retrospective descriptive study of neonatal deaths undertaken in the public healthcare setting in the Cape Town Metro West GSA from January 2014 till December 2017. Existing data from PPIP, Child PIP and the CDR/FPS was used. Neonatal deaths were defined as in the first 28 days of life where there had been signs of life at delivery and a birthweight greater than 500g. Neonatal deaths were excluded where birth had occurred outside of the GSA or in the private health care setting. The audit data with regards to cause of death and avoidable or modifiable factors was obtained for each death. Results From a total of 134843 live deliveries, 1243 neonatal deaths were identified: 976(78%) from PPIP, 58(5%) from Child PIP and 209 (17%) from CDR/FPS. Sixteen per cent of the deaths occurred outside of healthcare facilities. The neonatal mortality rate (NMR) for PPIP was 7.2, Child PIP 0.43 and CDR 1,6 per 1000 livebirths. When the audit systems were combined, the annual NMR over the study period varied from 8.05 to 10.1 with a mean of 9.2 per 1000 livebirths over the entire period. Seventy-eight per cent of the deaths occurred in the early neonatal period with a mean early neonatal mortality rate of 7.2 per 1000 livebirths. The mean late NMR was 2 per 1000 livebirths. Where all neonatal deaths were considered for those more than 500g, the main cause of death was immaturity related, then infection related followed by congenital disorders and then hypoxia related. Seventy-four per cent of deaths occurred in those less than 2500g at birth and 41% were less than 1000g and defined as extremely low birthweight. In the group of neonates greater than 1000g, the main cause of death was infection related deaths, closely followed by congenital disorders and then hypoxia, followed by immaturity. Most of infection related deaths were collected by the CDR and Child PIP. A third of Child PIP and PPIP deaths and half of the CDR deaths were coded as avoidable. The prevalence of deaths due to abandonment either by passive or active neonaticide contributed towards the higher proportion of preventable deaths in the CDR group. Conclusions The burden of deaths due to immaturity is high and may be attributed to the finding that 41% of neonatal deaths were in the ELBW group. Current viability criteria that aim at optimum use of resources may improve survival amongst this group. Infection related deaths were shown by this study to have a greater burden than recorded from PPIP data; most of these deaths were derived from Child PIP and CDR data. Also, where 10% of neonatal deaths were sudden unexpected deaths (SUDIs), a better understanding and definition of this group is urgently required as many of these deaths were subsequently found to be secondary to lower respiratory infections. It is further relevant that where 20% of CDR deaths or 3% of all the study deaths were due to active and passive neonaticide, this entity should be monitored and investigated. The study showed that the GSA has achieved the SDG for NMR of less than 12 per 1000 livebirth. However, a mean NMR of 9.2 per 1000 livebirths is not comparable to other upper middle-income countries. As 38% of the deaths were coded as avoidable, appropriate programmes to address these factors could reduce the NMR to 5.7 per 1000 livebirths. A strong recommendation from this study would be to use all three audit systems to calculate the NMR, understand the causes of neonatal deaths and plan programmes to improve neonatal survival in this GSA.
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Karl, Bethany C. "The Importance of Child Life Within the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1428577797.

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Shakya, Sujeeta Buppa Sirirassamee. "Factors influencing utilization of Maternal Neonatal Child Health (MNCH) services among ethnic groups in Nepal /." Abstract, 2006. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2549/cd393/4838763.pdf.

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Mitra, Jose Mari Lawrence. "Perceptions of Male Nursing Students About Working in Women’s Health." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/389.

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This study explores the opinions and experiences of East Tennessee State University (ETSU) male nursing students after they have completed their clinical rotations in obstetrics (OB). Participants are interviewed about their preconceptions and post-experience perspectives regarding the clinical rotation. After analyzing the interviews, the students’ perceptions appeared to be grounded in their perceived level of comfort with women’s health nursing. Themes include (1) preconceptions, (2) welcoming, (3) rejecting, and (4) culture.
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Books on the topic "Neonatal and child health"

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Holden, Chris. Nutrition and child health. Edinburgh: Baillière Tindall, published in association with the RCN, 2000.

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Carole, Kenner, and Hollingsworth Andrea O, eds. Maternal, neonatal, and women's health nursing. Springhouse, Pa: Springhouse Corp., 1991.

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LaScala, Susan. Small wonder: The story of a child born too soon. Athol, Mass: Haley's, 2008.

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Talukder, Md Noorunnabi. Health systems and maternal mortality, neonatal mortality and child health: Review of selected service delivery models. Dhaka, Bangladesh: Population Council, 2007.

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Ahmed, Shameem. Neonatal morbidity and care-seeking behaviour in rural areas of Bangladesh. Dhaka: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, 1998.

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Gill, Campbell, and Sadik Ruth, eds. Client profiles in nursing: Child health. London: Greenwich Medical Media, 2001.

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AIDS & TB Programme (Zimbabwe). The integration of antiretroviral therapy in maternal, neonatal, and child health settings in Zimbabwe. Harare: Ministry of Health and Child Welfare, AIDS and TB Programme, 2011.

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BRAC (Organization). Research and Evaluation Division. Maternal, neonatal and child health in Northern districts of rural Bangladesh: Profiling the changes during 2008-2010. Dhaka: BRAC Centre, 2012.

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Organization, Pan American Health. Esquemas de proteccio n social para la poblacio n materna, neonatal e infantil: Lecciones aprendidas de la regio n de Ame rica Latina. Washington, D.C: Organizacio n Panamericana de la Salud, 2008.

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Sāthālanasuk, Laos Kasūang. Strategy and planning framework for the integrated package of maternal neonatal and child health services 2009-2015: Taking urgent and concrete action for maternal neonatal and child mortality reduction in Lao PDR. Vientiane]: Ministry of Health, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Neonatal and child health"

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Morewitz, Stephen J. "Maternal, Fetal, and Neonatal Outcomes." In Domestic Violence and Maternal and Child Health, 97–106. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-306-48530-5_7.

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Yeung, Chap-Yung. "Erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency and neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia." In Child Health in the Tropics, 281–85. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5012-2_27.

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Daga, S. R., and A. S. Daga. "Neonatal intensive care in the developing countries: conservative or aggressive approach." In Child Health in the Tropics, 233–45. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5012-2_23.

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Hurtado, Elena, Lilian Ramírez, and Pablo Moreira. "Addressing Behavior Change in Maternal, Neonatal, and Child Health with Quality Improvement and Collaborative Learning Methods in Guatemala." In Improving Health Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 27–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43112-9_3.

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Parris, Kerry M., and Shamanthi M. Jayasooriya. "Prenatal Risk Assessment for Preterm Birth in Low-Resource Settings: Infection." In Evidence Based Global Health Manual for Preterm Birth Risk Assessment, 31–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04462-5_5.

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AbstractMaternal infections are a risk factor for preterm birth (PTB); 40% to 50% of PTBs are estimated to result from infection or inflammation. Higher infection rates are reported in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), and over 80% of PTBs occur in these settings. Global literature was synthesised to identify infections whose prevention or treatment could improve maternal and neonatal health outcomes and/or prevent mother-to-child transmission of infections.Best evidenced risk factors for PTB were maternal infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (OR2.27; 95%CI: 1.2–4.3), syphilis (OR2.09; 95%CI:1.09–4.00), or malaria (aOR3.08; 95%CI:1.2–4.3). Lower certainty evidence identified increased PTB risk with urinary tract infections (OR1.8; 95%CI: 1.4–2.1), sexually transmitted infections (OR1.3; 95%CI: 1.1–1.4), bacterial vaginosis (aOR16.4; 95%CI: 4.3–62.7), and systemic viral pathogens.Routine blood testing and treatment are recommended for HIV, hepatitis B virus, and syphilis, as well as for malaria in areas with moderate to high transmission. In high-risk populations and asymptomatic or symptomatic disease, screening for lower genital tract infections associated with PTB should be offered at the antenatal booking appointment. This should inform early treatment and management. Heath education promoting pre-pregnancy and antenatal awareness of infections associated with PTB and other adverse pregnancy outcomes is recommended.
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Garry, Sylvia, Andrew Chapman, and Elizabeth Ledger. "Neonatal Care." In Handbook of Refugee Health, 330–39. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429464874-13-3.

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Kiszewski, Ana Elisa. "Neonatal Dermatosis." In Dermatology in Public Health Environments, 675–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33919-1_33.

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O'Riordan, Declan, and Peter J. Porcelli. "Neonatal Care and Data." In Health Informatics, 25–41. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-76446-7_4.

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Moran, Rebecca H., and Laura Weiss Roberts. "Neonatal Care Ethics." In Encyclopedia of Women’s Health, 880–82. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-306-48113-0_294.

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Keeble, Jessie. "Child Health." In Tackling Causes and Consequences of Health Inequalities, 175–82. Boca Raton : CRC Press [2020]: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351013918-21.

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Conference papers on the topic "Neonatal and child health"

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Ahmed, Hiba, Manal Haroon, and Keri Jones. "1245 Perception, attitude, and practice regarding neonatal pain among neonatal team in a level 3 neonatal unit." In Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the RCPCH Conference, Liverpool, 28–30 June 2022. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2022-rcpch.303.

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Duncanson, Antoniece, Caroline Cleaver, and Prakash Kannan Loganathan. "119 Trainees perspective on neonatal intubations at a tertiary neonatal unit." In Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the RCPCH Conference, Liverpool, 28–30 June 2022. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2022-rcpch.217.

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Rodger, David, Sandy Kirolos, Gillian Campbell, and Jennifer Mitchell. "1391 Unscheduled neonatal attendances." In Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the RCPCH Conference, Liverpool, 28–30 June 2022. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2022-rcpch.51.

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Rodgers, Matthew, Izzy McGill, Nigel Gooding, Hilary S. Wong, and Kathryn Beardsall. "997 Vancomycin toxicity in preterm neonates on the neonatal intensive care unit." In Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the RCPCH Conference, Liverpool, 28–30 June 2022. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2022-rcpch.282.

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Patel, Rajal, Olatokunbo Sanwo, and Orode Mode. "1327 Neonatal simulation fortnight: using simulation to improve neonatal resuscitation skills." In Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the RCPCH Conference–Online, 15 June 2021–17 June 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2021-rcpch.560.

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Ibrahim, Kirollos, and Shaveta Mulla. "85 Neonatal super 60 project." In Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the RCPCH Conference, Liverpool, 28–30 June 2022. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2022-rcpch.213.

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Alam, Naveed, Mona Sidahmed, Sonal Kapoor, Muhammad Nadeem, and Mehul Kumar Joshi. "509 Role of blood gas bilirubin measurements and treatment for Neonatal Jaundice in neonates." In Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the RCPCH Conference, Liverpool, 28–30 June 2022. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2022-rcpch.718.

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Charles, E., K. Hunt, A. Milner, and A. Greenough. "G203(P) Uk neonatal resuscitation survey." In Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the Annual Conference, 13–15 March 2018, SEC, Glasgow, Children First – Ethics, Morality and Advocacy in Childhood, The Journal of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2018-rcpch.198.

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Ogallo, William, Skyler Speakman, Victor Akinwande, Kush R. Varshney, Aisha Walcott-Bryant, Charity Wayua, and Komminist Weldemariam. "Inspection of Blackbox Models for Evaluating Vulnerability in Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/770.

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Improving maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH) outcomes is a critical target for global sustainable development. Our research is centered on building predictive models, evaluating their interpretability, and generating actionable insights about the markers (features) and triggers (events) associated with vulnerability in MNCH. In this work, we demonstrate how a tool for inspecting "black box" machine learning models can be used to generate actionable insights from models trained on demographic health survey data to predict neonatal mortality.
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Burman, A., S. Khan, A. Khushu, and W. Kelsall. "G577(P) Targeted neonatal echocardiography." In Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the RCPCH Conference–Online, 25 September 2020–13 November 2020. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2020-rcpch.494.

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Reports on the topic "Neonatal and child health"

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Hyrink, Tabitha, Violet Barasa, and Syed Abbas. Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR) and Maternal, Neonatal and Child Health (MNCH) in Bangladesh: Impacts of the Covid-19 Pandemic. Institute of Development Studies, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.028.

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The Covid-19 pandemic has exacerbated and drawn fresh attention to long-standing systemic weaknesses in health and economic systems. The virus – and the public health response – has wrought significant disruption on sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) and maternal, neonatal and child health (MNCH) in Bangladesh. Known negative health outcomes include increased domestic and gender-based violence, child marriage, negative mental health, and adverse child health outcomes. This scoping paper for the Covid-19 Learning, Evidence and Research Programme for Bangladesh (CLEAR) aims to inform future research and policy engagement to support response, recovery, progress, and future health system resilience for SRHR and MNCH in Bangladesh, following the Covid-19 crisis. We present what is known on disruptions and impacts, as well as evidence gaps and priority areas for future research and engagement.
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Huq, Aurin. Impacts of Covid-19 on SRHR and MNCH in Bangladesh. Institute of Development Studies, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clear.2022.007.

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This research briefing summarises priority areas for future research as identified in the scoping paper "SRHR and MNCH in Bangladesh: A Scoping Review on the Impacts of the Covid-19 Pandemic" by Tabitha Hrynick, Violet Barasa and Syed Abbas from the Institute of Development Studies (IDS). The scoping paper and this briefing were commissioned for the Covid-19 Learning, Evidence and Research Programme in Bangladesh (CLEAR). CLEAR aims to build a consortium of research partners to deliver policy-relevant research and evidence for Bangladesh to support the Covid-19 response and inform preparation for future shocks. SRHR = sexual and reproductive health and rights; MNCH = maternal, neonatal and child health.
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Viswanathan, Meera, Jennifer Cook Middleton, Alison Stuebe, Nancy Berkman, Alison N. Goulding, Skyler McLaurin-Jiang, Andrea B. Dotson, et al. Maternal, Fetal, and Child Outcomes of Mental Health Treatments in Women: A Systematic Review of Perinatal Pharmacologic Interventions. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer236.

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Background. Untreated maternal mental health disorders can have devastating sequelae for the mother and child. For women who are currently or planning to become pregnant or are breastfeeding, a critical question is whether the benefits of treating psychiatric illness with pharmacologic interventions outweigh the harms for mother and child. Methods. We conducted a systematic review to assess the benefits and harms of pharmacologic interventions compared with placebo, no treatment, or other pharmacologic interventions for pregnant and postpartum women with mental health disorders. We searched four databases and other sources for evidence available from inception through June 5, 2020 and surveilled the literature through March 2, 2021; dually screened the results; and analyzed eligible studies. We included studies of pregnant, postpartum, or reproductive-age women with a new or preexisting diagnosis of a mental health disorder treated with pharmacotherapy; we excluded psychotherapy. Eligible comparators included women with the disorder but no pharmacotherapy or women who discontinued the pharmacotherapy before pregnancy. Results. A total of 164 studies (168 articles) met eligibility criteria. Brexanolone for depression onset in the third trimester or in the postpartum period probably improves depressive symptoms at 30 days (least square mean difference in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, -2.6; p=0.02; N=209) when compared with placebo. Sertraline for postpartum depression may improve response (calculated relative risk [RR], 2.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95 to 5.24; N=36), remission (calculated RR, 2.51; 95% CI, 0.94 to 6.70; N=36), and depressive symptoms (p-values ranging from 0.01 to 0.05) when compared with placebo. Discontinuing use of mood stabilizers during pregnancy may increase recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.2; N=89) and reduce time to recurrence of mood disorders (2 vs. 28 weeks, AHR, 12.1; 95% CI, 1.6 to 91; N=26) for bipolar disorder when compared with continued use. Brexanolone for depression onset in the third trimester or in the postpartum period may increase the risk of sedation or somnolence, leading to dose interruption or reduction when compared with placebo (5% vs. 0%). More than 95 percent of studies reporting on harms were observational in design and unable to fully account for confounding. These studies suggested some associations between benzodiazepine exposure before conception and ectopic pregnancy; between specific antidepressants during pregnancy and adverse maternal outcomes such as postpartum hemorrhage, preeclampsia, and spontaneous abortion, and child outcomes such as respiratory issues, low Apgar scores, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, depression in children, and autism spectrum disorder; between quetiapine or olanzapine and gestational diabetes; and between benzodiazepine and neonatal intensive care admissions. Causality cannot be inferred from these studies. We found insufficient evidence on benefits and harms from comparative effectiveness studies, with one exception: one study suggested a higher risk of overall congenital anomalies (adjusted RR [ARR], 1.85; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.78; N=2,608) and cardiac anomalies (ARR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.17 to 4.34; N=2,608) for lithium compared with lamotrigine during first- trimester exposure. Conclusions. Few studies have been conducted in pregnant and postpartum women on the benefits of pharmacotherapy; many studies report on harms but are of low quality. The limited evidence available is consistent with some benefit, and some studies suggested increased adverse events. However, because these studies could not rule out underlying disease severity as the cause of the association, the causal link between the exposure and adverse events is unclear. Patients and clinicians need to make an informed, collaborative decision on treatment choices.
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Enlow, Michelle Bosquet, Richard J. Chung, Melissa A. Parisi, Sharon K. Sagiv, Margaret A. Sheridan, Annemarie Stroustrup, Rosalind J. Wright, et al. Standard Measurement Protocols for Pediatric Development Research in the PhenX Toolkit. RTI Press, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2022.mr.0049.2209.

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A challenge in conducting pediatric research is selecting reliable, valid measurement protocols, across a range of domains, that are appropriate for the developmental level of the study population. The purpose of this report is to introduce the research community to the Pediatric Development Research Domain of the National Institutes of Health (NIH)–supported PhenX Toolkit (consensus measures for Phenotypes and eXposures). The PhenX Toolkit provides a catalog of recommended measurement protocols to address a wide range of research topics that are suitable for inclusion in a variety of study designs. In 2018, the Pediatric Development Working Group of experts identified 18 well-established protocols of pediatric development for inclusion in the Toolkit to complement existing protocols. Collectively, the protocols assess parenting, child care attendance and quality, peer relationships, home environment, neonatal abstinence, emotional and behavioral functioning, and other factors that influence child development. The Toolkit provides detailed data collection protocols, data dictionaries, and worksheets to help investigators incorporate these protocols into their study designs. Using standard protocols in studies with pediatric participants will support consistent data collection, improve data quality, and facilitate cross-study analyses to ultimately improve child health.
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Ruhm, Christopher. Parental Leave and Child Health. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6554.

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Figlio, David, Jonathan Guryan, Krzysztof Karbownik, and Jeffrey Roth. The Effects of Poor Neonatal Health on Children's Cognitive Development. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w18846.

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Jarvis, Leah, and Nancy LaChance. Community health workers for maternal and child health. Population Council, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh2.1015.

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Thai, Thuan Q., and Evangelos M. Falaris. Child schooling, child health and rainfall shocks: evidence from rural Vietnam. Rostock: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, July 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/mpidr-wp-2011-011.

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Elder, Todd, David Figlio, Scott Imberman, and Claudia Persico. The Role of Neonatal Health in the Incidence of Childhood Disability. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w25828.

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Currie, Janet, Mark Stabile, Phongsack Manivong, and Leslie Roos. Child Health and Young Adult Outcomes. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14482.

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