Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Neoclassical and the economics of property rights'
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Velev, Ivan Mitev. "Property rights and market institutions: The case of Russian property reform." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
Full textHarison, Elad. "Software intellectual property rights : economics and policy analysis /." Maastricht : UPM, Universitaire Pers Maastricht, 2005. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/511861311.pdf.
Full textKiema, Ilkka. "Essays on the economics of intellectual property rights /." [Helsinki] : University of Helsinki, 2008. https://oa.doria.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/42546/essayson.pdf?sequence=1.
Full textHackett, Petal Jean. "Essays on intellectual property rights policy." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7934.
Full text謝建煌 and Kin-wong Che. "On the formation of property rights." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31976487.
Full textWeikard, Hans-Peter. "Property rights and resource allocation in an overlapping generations model." Universität Potsdam, 1997. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2006/854/.
Full textYin, Nina. "Essays on the economics of innovation and intellectual property rights." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU10025/document.
Full textInnovation has received much attention from economists. As a result, intellectual property rights (IPR), which allow the innovator to recover their R&D cost from monopoly pricing, have obtained wide acceptance. Balancing the dynamic and static efficiency of IPR is a primary concern for the policy makers. Many studies have addressed this question but reached no consensus. In chapter one, I try to answer the following question: Should we grant additional market exclusivity to incremental innovators in the pharmaceutical industry? My results show that the value gained from incremental innovation outweighs the loss from market exclusivity, but with minor benefit. In chapter two (with Roberta Dessi), we turn our attention to the financial aspects of the innovative activities. We review the empirical evidence on the impact of venture capital on innovation. We propose a simplified theoretical model to illuminate the potential endogeneity caveats in identifying the causal effects of venture capital on innovation. In chapter three (with Margaret K. Kyle), we explore the potential effects of intellectual property rights and research exemptions on cumulative advances in drug development. Our results show that the overall effect of patent protection tends to promote innovative activities; post-launch drugs facilitate the clinical trials conducted on them. Research exemptions turn out to be associated with a lower level of follow-up innovation activities. Each of these three chapters is self-contained. Chapters one and three investigate the rationale of granting the innovator intellectual property rights by exploring the pros and cons of intellectual property rights. Chapter two investigates the financial provisions of innovation activities
Birdyshaw, Edward Leon. "Property rights and the environmental Kuznets' curve /." view abstract or download file of text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3147814.
Full textTypescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-96). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
Granath, Magdalena, and Maren Sluiter. "Do property rights matter to FDI? : A cross-sectional study of property rights, institutions and FDI in middle income countries." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-40187.
Full textHarison, Elad. "Intellectual property rights, innovation and software technologies : the economics of monopoly rights and knowledge disclosure /." Cheltenham : E. Elgar, 2008. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=9781847205827.
Full textDutta, Antara. "Intellectual property rights, market structure and social welfare : three essays in industrial organization." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37413.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (p. 114-118).
This dissertation consists of three essays on the effects of intellectual property rights protection on market structure and social welfare in the Indian pharamaceutical industry. In contrast to pharmaceutical industries in the developed world, India had historically enforced a weak system of intellectual property rights protection that eliminated most legal barriers to entry in its pharmaceuticals markets. As a condition of its membership to the World Trade Organization, India became required to extend legal protection to all pharmaceutical products by 2005. The first essay analyzes the dramatic increase in the number of products released by domestic firms in India in the period leading up to the 2005 deadline. Speculation in the media linked this phenomenon to the imminent change in patent regime. The essay uses data on pharmaceutical products being sold in India in combination with data on drugs patented internationally to investigate the possibility that Indian firms launched products in the domestic industry as a strategic response to the anticipated change implied by the WTO. Results of the estimation do not provide conclusive evidence of strategic behavior by firms in markets where the patent enforcement could affect the future profitability of domestic firms.
(cont.) The results suggest that much of the increase in product launches was driven by the size of the market and the age of the drugs in question. However, without more information on counterfactual current and future profits, we cannot rule out strategic behaviour by domestic firms. The second essay develops a structural model of demand, supply and entry and relates the free entry setting of the industry during the sample period to two sets of welfare issues. The model incorporates firm heterogeneity and product differentiation and backs out demand and supply-side parameters for five key therapeutic categories in the industry. Results of the estimation show that demand varies significantly across the therapeutic categories and that firm heterogeneity is an important factor for both demand and entry costs. Counterfactual simulations of the effect of entry by foreign firms into selected drugs find no evidence of socially "excessive" entry; on the contrary, the simulations suggest large gains to consumers from the addition of more firms, which would overwhelm the losses to producers and thus increase social welfare.
(cont.) Simulations of the welfare effects of patent enforcement in India for four drugs that were under patent protection in the US at the time show losses of over $1 million on average for consumers in these markets and an average reduction in market size of approximately 35,000 patients. In comparison, the increase in profits of the global patent-holders for these drug are estimated to range between $0.08 million and $0.5 million. These gains are modest, particularly in comparison to the costs of global drug development that range between $200 million and $300 million. The third essay looks for empirical evidence of early-mover advantages for pioneering firms in pharmaceutical products markets in India. The first half of the paper employs fixed effects to control for unobserved heterogeneity. Estimates from this basic model suggest that an earlier entry translates into positive gains for firms, in terms of both higher prices and higher revenues. The second half of the paper tackles the sample selection issues arising from the fact that firms choose their own orders of entry. A firm's order of entry into a market is modelled as a continuous decision variable at the first-stage. The selection model then uses the residuals from this first-stage to correct the sample selection bias at the second-stage.
(cont.) The order of entry continues to have a strong effect on the price and revenue received by a firm, with earlier entrants retaining larger long-term advantages. In particular, after accounting for the endogeneity of entry, results suggest that the pure order-of-entry effect on revenue allows the first entrant into a market to earn more than two times the revenue of the fifth entrant and over six times the revenue of the tenth entrant.
by Antara Dutta.
Ph.D.
Munshifwa, Ephraim Kabunda. "Property rights and the production of the urban built environment in Zambia." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15572.
Full textStettler, Michael. "Institutions, property rights and external effects : new institutional economics and the economics of John R. Commons /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1999. http://aleph.unisg.ch/hsgscan/hm00006017.pdf.
Full textJakobsson, Amanda. "Essays on international trade and intellectual property rights." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Institutionen för Nationalekonomi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-2107.
Full textFails, Matthew David Krieckhaus Jonathan Tabor. "The political economy of property rights institutions, interests, and economic prosperity /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6972.
Full textDijk, Theodorus Willem Peter van. "The limits of patent protection essays on the economics of intellectual property rights /." Maastricht : Maastricht : Universitaire Pers Maastricht ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1994. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=7031.
Full textRosal, João MauriÌcio. "Financial economics under structural uncertainty and low property rights : an agency-theoretic perspective." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406772.
Full textDesrieux, Claudine. "Allocation of property rights and incomplete contracting : the economics of local public services." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA111012.
Full textMolina, Campodonico Oswaldo. "Essays on development economics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:68f7a892-da8d-4104-a948-79cab1357d42.
Full textGe, Muyang. "Three Essays on Land Property Rights, Water Trade, and Regional Development." DigitalCommons@USU, 2019. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7492.
Full textCollin, Matthew. "Essays in development economics : land rights, ethnicity and birth order." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7ec6e451-2490-4081-bb48-32fcd05ba6e5.
Full textCameron, Samuel. "DES Working Paper No 1: A Paler Shade of Litigation: Still more confusion in Musical Property Rights." Department of Development and Economic Studies, University of Bradford, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/2976.
Full textThis paper gives an economic analysis of the judicial decisions in the disputes over authorship of Procol Harum's 'A Whiter Shade of Pale'. The first legal contest took place in 2006, 39 years after the song was written and was found in favour of the plaintiff (Fisher), in the first case he has brought against Brooker-Reid, in terms of his right to authorship. He was deemed to merit 40% of the musical composition rights but only from the date of his application onwards. However the case went to appeal with the result that in April 2008, it was found that although Fisher was still entitled to the authorship status he had been granted that he was not now entitled to any share whatsoever of the composing royalties. This case is partly unusual in that the judge, in the initial case, had formal musical training and saw fit to interpolate this human capital into the proceedings. The defendants made a number of remarks about the nature of the precedent set and its implications which can be usefully discussed in terms of economic models of production. In the appeal hearing one of the reasons given for the decision reached was the argument that the previous cases set an unfortunate precedent detrimental to composers of pop/rock music. The 'rock and pop' music production mode is discussed here with reference to this and other pertinent cases.
SANOGO, RAMATA. "THE EFFECTS OF INSECURE PROPERTY RIGHTS ON INVESTMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN COUNTRIES." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1066408335.
Full textBerglöf, Erik. "Corporate control and capital structure : essays on property rights and financial contracts." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Institute of International Business (IIB), 1991. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-907.
Full textMatsinhe, Tania Romana. "The likely impact of trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights (TRIPS) in Mozambique : the case of anti-malarial drugs." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6990.
Full textSince 1994, there has been a lot of attention drawn on the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) as the most important international instrument ever negotiated in this area. TRIPS establishes minimum universal standards in all areas of intellectual property and the intention is to implement these standards globally through a strong enforcement mechanism established in WTO. These standards affect pharmaceuticals, which many countries had previously excluded from patent protection in order to produce drugs at reduced prices and hence contribute to the improvement of public health. But now any Member State must comply with these minimum standards since failure to do so will result to the WTO dispute settlement system. No extensive review of the practical implications of the TRIPS Agreement has taken place at the global and national levels. The main objective of this paper is to examine the likely impact of this agreement on anti-malarial drugs in Mozambique. Given the persistence of the malaria epidemic in the country and the resistance to the drugs being utilized for this disease there is an acknowledged need for a new drug to eradicate the problem. The problem is that this new drug is likely to be under patent and this country has relied on generic drugs for all its existence and being a Member of the WTO Agreement they now have to wait until patents on the required drugs have expired or be submissive to the more expensive original brand. To accomplish this objective and to ascertain the end result of the above situation, past experiences were a major tool. By reviewing experiences of less developed countries in relation to patent protection and pharmaceuticals, some conclusions were made possible. In order to narrow down the conclusions drawn from these country experiences, a study was done in the Mozambican public sector by reviewing and analyzing the existing laws and regulations pertaining to pharmaceuticals and patent protection. This was done through questionnaires and interviews of the main stakeholders in this area. With this information the researcher was able to describe where Mozambique stands in relation to patents and how this might affect the pharmaceutical industry as a Member of the WTO agreement in the long run. This study therefore, relies heavily on secondary data.
Daya, Yusuf. "Intellectual property rights and the protection of traditional knowledge in Western Cape agriculture." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49992.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study analyses the extent to which the current intellectual property system is suited to the protection of traditional knowledge in the Western Cape. Employing a multidisciplinary approach that incorporates economic and legal theory as well as legal philosophy, this study argues that although advances in the fields of biotechnology has brought with it the need for greater intellectual property rights protection, the protection of traditional knowledge has largely been ignored. Traditional ethnobotanical knowledge holds immense economic value for both commercial entities seeking to develop products based on traditional knowledge as well as for the communities that possess such knowledge. Protecting traditional knowledge is necessary to ensure that the communities contributing their knowledge are recognized and compensated for such contributions. In order for a system to provide adequate protection for traditional knowledge it has to be consistent with and suited to the needs of traditional knowledge holders. This study therefore evaluates the prevailing system of knowledge protection as embodied in the intellectual property rights regime as a means of protecting traditional knowledge. The analysis reveals that the dominant justification for the existence ofIPRs is based on utilitarian considerations that promote IPRs as a necessary incentive encouraging innovative activity. This utilitarian justification also provides the basis for an economic justification for the existence of IPRs that suggests that the conferring of exclusive rights (in the form of IPRs) to innovators ensure that such innovators are able to recover their research costs and realize profits from their inventions. The IPR system as it exists is underpinned by these considerations and embedded in principles of individualism and private property. The WTO reinforces and promotes this approach to intellectual property in the TRIPs agreement by recognizing intellectual property as a 'trade related' issue. The inclusion of IPRs as a 'trade related' issue in the multilateral framework of the WTO reflects the interests of multinational corporations and developed nations who rely extensively on these mechanisms to maintain their power and wealth in an increasingly knowledge driven global economy. The exclusion of traditional knowledge within the TRIPs, coupled with the desire to extend patents to cover life forms is also indicative of this bias inherent in the system. South African intellectual property legislation is then applied to the traditional knowledge of an indigenous medicinal plant to test whether IPRs are able to provide adequate protection to traditional knowledge. In this regard it is found that patent protection, which could potentially provide the greatest form of protection for traditional knowledge is. not suited to the needs of traditional knowledge holders. Problems of identifying owners, determining inventors and novelty, time limited rights and costs all limits the potential of patents as a tool for protecting traditional knowledge. Similar constraints limit the potential of other categories of IPRs to provide protection for traditional knowledge. However, it was found that IPRs do provide a certain measure of defensive protection. The study therefore concludes that the IPR system as it exists, both in the international trade environment as well as at the national level, fails to adequately address the threat of appropriation and the concerns of traditional knowledge holders. Amending the IPR system and/or developing sui generis systems of protection are therefore necessary to ensure that the knowledge of communities are protected and such communities are able to benefit from the exploitation oftheir knowledge and resources.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie is om vas te stel in hoe 'n mate die huidige sisteem vir die beskerming van intellektuele eiendom geskik is vir die beskerming van tradisionele kennis in die Wes-Kaap. 'n Multidissiplinêre benadering, wat uit elemente van ekonomiese- en regsteorie sowel as regsfilosofie haal, is gevolg om te wys dat die beskerming van tradisionele kennis grootliks geïgnoreer is, alhoewel nuwe deurbrake in biotegnologie die behoefte skep vir groter bekerming van intellektuele eiendom. Tradisionele etnobotaniese kennis het geweldige ekonomiese waarde vir beide die kommersiële entiteite wat produkte uit sodanige kennis wil produseer sowel as vir tradisionele gemeenskappe aan wie die kennis behoort. Dus, indien sulke gemeenskappe voordeel wil trek uit hierdie kennis, is dit nodig dat hul bydraes erken moet word, en dat hulle daarvoor vergoed moet word. Sulke beskerming sal net doeltreffend wees indien dit aangepas is by die behoeftes van hierdie gemeenskappe. Dus word die huidige sisteem vir die beskerming van tradisionele kennis geevalueer in hierdie studie. Die ondersoek wys dat die sisteem vir die beskerming van intellektuele eiendom berus op die teoretiese basis van nutsmaksimering, waar die hoofdoel te vinde is in die bydrae wat dit kan maak tot ekonomiese welvaart deur middel van innovasie. In hierdie opsig word beskerming van intellektuele eiendom beskou as 'n manier waardeur die innoveerder sy navorsings- en ontwikkelingskostes kan delg en wins kan maak. Hierdie benadering word onderskryf deur die WTO in die TRIPS Ooreenkoms. In hierdie opsig word die belange van veral die ryk lande en die multinasionale maatskappye bevorder, 'n sleutelvoordeel in 'n wêreld waar kennis gepaardgaan met mag in die mark. Hierdie verskynsel word versterk deur die uitsluiting van tradisionele kennis van die TRIPS Ooreenkoms en die behoefte daaraan om patentregte uit te brei. Suid-Afrikaanse wetgewing oor intellektuele eiendom word vervolgens toegepas op die geval van tradisionele kennis oor 'n inheemse medisinale plant om te toets of intellektuele eiendomsreg genoegsame beskerming aan tradisionele kennis bied. Daar is gevind dat patentregte, wat potensieël die grootste mate van beskerming sou kon bied, nie gepas is in die geval van houers van tradisionele kennis nie. Probleme wat voorkom sluit in die identifisering van eienaars, innoveerders en innoverings, die tydsbeperking op regte, asook kosteoorwegings. Ander vorms van beskerming is aan soortgelyke kritiek onderhewig, alhoewel bevind is dat intellektuele eiendomsreg wel 'n mate van defensiewe beskerming bied. Die gevolgtrekking word dus gemaak dat die huidige vorms van beskerming vir intellektuele eiendomsreg, beide internasionaal sowel as in Suid-Afrika, nie die belange van die houers van tradisionele kennis beskerm nie. Dit is dus nodig om die huidige vorms aan te spreek, of om sui generis beskerming te ontwikkel om hiervoor te sorg.
Njoya, Wanjiru Neema. "Ownership and property rights in the company : a law and economics analysis of shareholder and employee interests." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421654.
Full textLiu, Qian. "Property rights systems and the creation of social capital in two types of enterprises in rural China /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3074423.
Full textNekbakhtshoev, Navruz. "Institutions and property rights reform| Explaining variation in outcomes of land tenure reform in cotton-producing areas of Tajikistan." Thesis, Indiana University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10111949.
Full textThis dissertation examines the conditions that facilitate or impede the transformation of land rights from common to individual property. It does so by focusing on cotton-growing areas of Tajikistan, which exhibit substantial variation in patterns of land tenure arrangement. Specifically, the project addresses the following questions: Why, despite efforts by state and international organizations to support land reform, some, but not other, farmworkers established individual tenure by withdrawing their land shares from collective peasant farms? Why do some cotton-growing areas have more agricultural land held in family farms, whereas other areas in collective peasant farms? Drawing on the distributional theory of property rights, I argue that to understand why land tenure reform has unfolded as it did in Tajikistan, one has to consider the effect of land reform strategy, land allocation formula, observable resources such as off-farm income, and reliability of access to water and its interaction with the level of labor supply. These factors affect the bargaining power of Soviet rural elites-turned-managers of collective peasant farms, who resist land subdivision, and Soviet farmworkers-turned-shareholders, who prefer land individualization, and as a consequence cause much of the variability one observes in patterns of land redistribution. Predicated on qualitative (interviews and participant observations), and quantitative (multilevel linear and logistic models) methods of analysis, the findings of this dissertation have implications for the literature on property rights, decentralization, and the postcommunist literature on land reform, and generate policy implications that might be relevant to government and international organizations involved in promoting land reform in Tajikistan and other developing countries.
Allaheeb, Bassim Abdullah H. "Decision-making In Different Cultures: Essays In Experimental Economics." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/242752.
Full textMeeks, Robyn. "Essays on the Economics of Household Water Access in Developing Countries." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10367.
Full textKubiszewski, Ida. "Searching for the Sweet Spot: Managing Information as a Good that Improves with Use." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2010. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/129.
Full textTalbot-Jones, Julia. "The Institutional Economics of Granting a River Legal Standing." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/132935.
Full textPelai, Fernando Momesso 1977. "Reestruturação patrimonial na industria petroquimica brasileira : abordagem a partir dos conceitos de direitos de propriedade, custos de agencia e custos de transação." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286137.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T20:27:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pelai_FernandoMomesso_M.pdf: 427229 bytes, checksum: 9bfc08f1ccd75151754184c568eeb816 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
Resumo: O objetivo da presente dissertação é analisar o processo em curso de reestruturação organizacional da indústria petroquímica brasileira. Existem vários motivos para a escolha deste tema: a relevância econômica do setor; o fato de ainda ser dominado por grupos de capital nacional; a importância do processo de reestruturação para a dinâmica dessa indústria; o volume de recursos e porte dos grupos empresariais envolvidos nas transações que caracterizam o referido processo; a presença constante do assunto nos veículos de mídia especializados em negócios e economia.O tratamento das questões será principalmente sob a perspectiva de abordagens teóricas centradas nas teorias de custos de transação, custos de agência e direitos de propriedade, comumente vistas como parte da chamada Nova Economia lnstitucional (NEI), escolhidas em virtude da afinidade entre os conceitos que incorpora e os aspectos tecnológicos, estruturais e institucionais do setor no Brasil. primeiro passo foi discorrer sobre as características fundamentais da indústria petroquímica num contexto geral, de forma a evidenciar aspectos estruturais presentes e estabelecer as relações pertinentes com algumas estratégias empresariais. Procuramos prover uma forma de interpretação da lógica de decisão dos agentes econômicos participantes do setor, os grupos empresariais.A segunda etapa foi trazer uma discussão segmentada nos temas formas organizacionais e governança corporativa, para situar os conceitos fundamentais de direitos de propriedade, custos de agência e custos de transação. Foi a partir deste aparato teórico que pudemos tratar dos fenômenos ocorridos.Na seqüência passamos ao setor petroquímico no Brasil, ressaltando as maIS importantes características, principalmente no que tange à problemática das escolhas de política estatal, as estratégias privadas e conseqüências sobre a estrutura organizacional da indústria. Discute-se os impactos do programa de privatizações de participações da estatal Petroquisa em várias empresas do setor. Ao fim procuramos desenvolver uma discussão sobre as pressões competitivas existentes por ocasião do início do processo de reestruturação a ser tratado em seguida.Ao analisar a reestruturação ocorrida no setor petroquímico nacional na última década e meia, conclui-se que a estrutura de governança foi o principal eixo motivado r do processo, pois os players procuraram, essencialmente, melhorar a assunção dos direitos de propriedade de ativos estratégicos mitigando custos de transação e custos de agência. Deve-se ressaltar, as modificações na estrutura de govenança não se explicam como fim em si, mas surgem em virtude da identificação de inadequações na mesma, que se colocavam como óbices à tomada de decisões cruciais pelos players, como novas inversões em novas plantas, bem como ampliações de capacidade, que limitavam o crescimento destes grupos.De acordo com esta lógica, viu-se a progressiva atenção de alguns grupos a políticas de govenança corporativa mais equilibradas com os interesses de acionistas minoritários, visando melhores termos na obtenção de recursos de terceiros.Tendo-se em mente a reestruturação em perspectiva abrangente, podemos afirmar que os resultados obtidos até o momento foram positivos sob a ótica da estrutura de governança foco deste trabalho. A última empreitada foi tratar dos possíveis movimentos a serem concretizados na indústria nos próximos anos, período que terá como diferencial a presença de investimentos reais de vulto desligados dos pólos construídos nas décadas de 1970 e 1980. O diagnóstico é ambíguo, pois revelam-se dois fenômenos concomitantes: o uso de esquemas de associação entre grupos planejado para alguns projetos incita potenciais conflitos de interesses entre estes grupos. Pela análise realizada ao longo do trabalho, entende-se que estes conflitos atuam no sentido de reduzir a atratividade de novos projetos de investimento. Por outro lado, existem inversões reais que indicam ausência destas associações entre grupos, o que deve apresentar resultados positivos para a estrutura de governança da indústria.No aspecto metodológico, o trabalho inova ao introduzir uma ferramenta analítica especialmente desenvolvida para a análise de redes complexas. Trata-se do programa esloveno Pajek, e que possibilita sistematizar e parametrizar a discussão sobre a evolução da estrutura de propriedade do setor
Mestrado
Teoria Economica
Mestre em Ciências Econômicas
Li, Ke 1969. "A general equilibrium analysis of the division of labour : violation and enforcement of property rights, impersonal networking decisions and bundling sale." Monash University, School of Asian Languages and Studies, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9256.
Full textYoo, Dongwoo. "Institutions and Economic Growth." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306863145.
Full textStaphorst, Leonard. "The impact of intellectual property rights from publicly financed research and development on governance mode decisions for research alliances." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24604.
Full textDissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted
Hirnle, Christoph. "Bewertung unternehmensübergreifender IT-Investitionen : ein organisationsökonomischer Zugang /." Wiesbaden : Deutscher Universitäts-Verlag, 2006. http://swbplus.bsz-bw.de/bsz252652509inh.pdf.
Full textGelles, Jan-David. "Patentes de invención, nuevas tecnologías y la apropiación privada del conocimiento público." Economía, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118121.
Full textEn este documento de trabajo se plantea un examen de equilibrio lógico del argumento deductivo utilizado de manera corriente en diversos textos económicos para alentar un sistema de patentes de invención. Asimismo se propone que dicho examen de equilibrio se debe aplicar en épocas de cambio radical en la realidad tecnológica mundial para evitar extensiones apriorísticas de la protección legal e institucional que confiere un sistema de patentes de invención basado en realidades tecnológicas pasadas. El resultado del examen planteado arroja desequilibrio parcial cuando se toman en cuenta los gastos de financiamiento y la coordinación gubernamental, así como la distribución gratuita de los conocimientos útiles obtenidos en los campos de la biotecnología e Internet. Para referirse a esa apropiación indebida de conocimientos de dominio público por parte del sector privado se acuña la palabra epistemo-piratería, por analogía con bio-piratería de uso común. Los campos tecnológicos antes mencionados fueron escogidos porque son preponderantes para explicar el incremento en el número de patentes de invención registrados en el nivel global.
Petit, Elizabeth J. "The Rule of Law and U.S. Direct Investment Abroad." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/623.
Full textLi, Yuting. "Foreign direct investment versus joint ventures." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8724.
Full textDepartment of Economics
Yang M. Chang
This paper studies economic factors that affect a multinational’s decision between serving a foreign market via foreign direct investment (FDI) and setting up a joint venture (JV) with a local firm in the host country. The factors that we consider include the substitutability of products produced by competing firms, as well as the hotly debated intellectual property rights (IPRs) protection. In a simple North-South framework, we show that JV is the equilibrium market structure when the degree of R&D spillover is moderate, products are considerably substitutable, and IPRs strong. The government of South needs to maintain a minimum level of IRP to encourage an effective JV. For increasing social welfare, the South also needs to have a policy that limits foreign ownership in a JV.
Rebechi, Felipe Luís. "Estrangeiro e propriedade rural: estudo da regulação da aquisição de propriedade rural por estrangeiros no Brasil e respectivos impactos nos investimentos externos ao agronegócio sob a perspectiva de Direito e Economia." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2018. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/7089.
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Utilizando o ferramental teórico (com destaque a Teoria da Escolha Racional) e empírico desenvolvido pela Ciência Econômica, a disciplina de Direito e Economia (ou Análise Econômica do Direito) proporciona uma compreensão aprofundada do fenômeno jurídico. Neste trabalho, sob a ótica de Direito e Economia, sobretudo da Análise Econômica dos Direitos de Propriedade, estuda-se o marco legal que disciplina a aquisição de imóveis rurais por estrangeiros no Brasil, Lei nº 5.709/1971, e a problemática gerada pelo Parecer AGU/LA nº 01/2010 da Advocacia-Geral da União, que representou um sensível acréscimo aos custos de transação relacionados a investimentos externos ao agronegócio brasileiro, impactando, inclusive, o rol de garantias disponíveis aos investidores estrangeiros. Estuda-se, ainda, com o objetivo de contribuir com a discussão, as atuais propostas legislativas para a matéria, Projeto de Lei nº 2.289/2007 e seu substitutivo, Projeto de Lei nº 4.059/2012. Identifica-se, ao fim, através da análise das principais diferenças dos referidos projetos, bem como de suas esperadas consequências no campo econômico, de acordo com a orientação de Direito e Economia, o Projeto de Lei nº 4.059/2012 como a resposta jurídica mais adequada à problemática resultante do atual posicionamento da Advocacia-Geral da União.
Using the theoretical (with emphasis on the Theory of Rational Choice) and empirical tools developed by Economic Science, Law and Economics (or Economic Analysis of Law) provides an in-depth understanding of the legal phenomenon. In this paper, from the perspective of Law and Economics, specially the Economic Analysis of Property Rights, we study the legal framework that governs the acquisition of rural properties by foreigners in Brazil, Law No. 5,709/1971, and the problem generated by Opinion AGU/LA No. 01/2010 issued by the Brazilian Attorney General’s Office (Advocacia-Geral da União), which significantly increased the transaction costs related to foreign investments in the Brazilian agribusiness, impacting the list of guarantees available to foreign investors. In addition, with the intent to contribute to the discussion, we study the current legislative proposals for the matter, Bill No. 2,289/2007 and its substitute, Bill No. 4,059/2012. Finally, through the analysis of the main differences between both referred Bills, as well as their expected consequences in the economic field, in accordance with Law and Economics, Bill No. 4,059/2012 is identified as the more appropriate legal response to the problematic resulting from the current opinion of the Brazilian Attorney General’s Office (Advocacia-Geral da União).
Kitamura, Shuhei. "Land, Power and Technology : Essays on Political Economy and Historical Development." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-131258.
Full textBucht, Martin. "Markanknutna gemensamma nyttigheter : en analysmodell för byggande, underhåll, användning och finansiering." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Fastighetsvetenskap, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4139.
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Cook, John Stanley. "A cybernetic approach to land management issues." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1994. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36222/2/John_Cook_Thesis.pdf.
Full textGustafsson, Peter. "Essays on trade and technological change." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Economic Research Institute, Stockholm School of Economics (EFI), 2006. http://www2.hhs.se/EFI/summary/709.htm.
Full textDi, Roberto Hadrien. "Le marché foncier, une affaire de famille ? : une analyse institutionnelle des transactions de terres agricoles dans les Hautes Terres à Madagascar." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTD003.
Full textIncreased competition for access to agricultural land in Africa has led to a renewed interest in land markets. While there is a growing literature on the economic effects of markets, in terms of efficiency and equity, little is known about the institutions underlying their operations. Based on a study conducted in the Malagasy Highlands, this thesis addresses the role of local institutions in the functioning of land markets, with a focus on the role of the family which is traditionally involved in “ancestral” land governance. Using mostly first-hand, qualitative and quantitative data, this work is structured around three main topics: the role of local rules in the concrete unfolding of transactions; the allocative effects of transactions in terms of equity; the conflicts that may arise and the institutional devices to secure transactions. The thesis shows that markets expansion does not deprive the family of its land’s prerogatives and that the family actually contributes to organizing land transactions. First, the family is involved in the definition and enforcement of the "right to sell": sales of inherited land require the approval of the family which also implements intra-family priority rules in the sales process. Second, although purchases are accessible only to the wealthiest households who can afford to pay for the price of land, land transactions do not appear to strengthen land inequalities. Indeed, our results suggest that land markets contribute to equalize the distribution of land in favor of households with less inheritance. The mitigation of inequalities stemming from inheritance is partly explained by specific family rules that channel land sales offers to relatively less endowed households. Finally, the thesis explores the interactions between family and land markets through an analysis of conflicts and transaction securing practices. Results show that market transactions can trigger family-induced conflicts. One common conflict type is related to the contestation, by third party belonging to the family inheritance group, of the "right to sell". A second type has to do with the ex post re-interpretation of the terms of a past transaction (the seller claiming that the “sale” was in fact a long-term tenure arrangement). On the other hand, and despite the existence of land transaction registration devices, either formal (titles, certificates) or semi-formal (“piece of papers”), the family continues to play a key role in legitimating sales and securing transactions
Ferreira, Gabriel Murad Velloso. "GOVERNANÇA E SUA RELAÇÃO COM A FIDELIDADE EM COOPERATIVAS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3816.
Full textHistorically, the cooperatives are configured as collective arrangements with direct action on the needs of their associates. The cooperative system is expressive in both economic and social aspects, however, it is noticeable that the sector is undergoing a restructuring, given the downward trend in the number of enterprises, and especially in Rio Grande do Sul, where it has decreased of 31% from 2010 to 2013. This reduction in agricultural sector accounted for 14% in the same time period, which reinforces a need for readjustment of the management and governance system in agricultural cooperatives. Whether in literature or in the cooperative sector, it is a recurring approach that the opportunism and the lack of loyalty of members are the central problems faced by cooperatives. These organizations, without the loyalty of members, while they lose the sense of their existence, they also lose the operational and scale efficiency which puts the enterprise in disadvantage in its operating segment. For this thesis context and according to Williamson s approach, the governance is shaped by means of norms, rules, contracts, monitoring and incentives, to guarantee the continuity of a transaction in which potential conflicts threaten the achievement of cooperation. The loyalty of associates to the cooperative is understood as being the main characteristic of the cooperation. Thus, this thesis debates the relationship between the governance adopted by the cooperatives and the loyalty of members. Therefore, it was aimed to analyze gaps in governance of agricultural cooperatives in Rio Grande do Sul and their relationship on the loyalty of associates. This thesis was based upon the New Institutional Economics (NIE) approach: Property Rights, Agency Theory and Transaction Cost Economics. To perform this research, qualitative and quantitative methods were used. The qualitative phase consisted of in-depth interviews with experts in cooperatives. The information was categorized and examined through the technique of content analysis. The quantitative phase was characterized by a questionnaire sent to the agricultural cooperatives of Rio Grande do Sul. Descriptive and multivariate statistics were used. In the multivariate statistics case a factor analysis was performed, so that the sets of factors that influence the loyalty of members could be identified. Afterwards, regression analysis allowed to verify the direction and the intensity of the impact of these factors on loyalty. The main results pointed out that the governance adopted by the cooperatives is not the most efficient, i.e., governance and the offered incentives do not minimize transaction costs in order to maintain (and increase) the loyalty of members with the cooperative. Thus, a conceptual model was proposed for the gaps in governance. The model embraces six dimensions: Contractual Gaps; Operational Gaps; Communication Gaps; Management Gaps; Audit Gaps and Immediate Benefits Offer Gaps. The quantitative analysis indicated that the higher the Audit Committee Effectiveness it tends to be higher the loyalty of members, with about 17% of loyalty explained by the effectiveness of the audit board.
Historicamente, as cooperativas se configuraram como arranjos coletivos com atuação direta nas necessidades de seus associados. O sistema cooperativo é expressivo tanto nos aspectos econômicos como sociais, no entanto, percebe-se que o setor vem passando por uma reestruturação, haja vista a tendência de redução no número de empreendimentos, especialmente no Rio Grande do Sul, onde se teve um decréscimo de 31% de 2010 para 2013. No ramo agropecuário essa redução representou 14% no mesmo período, o que reforça uma necessidade de readequação do sistema de gestão e da governança nas cooperativas agropecuárias. Recorrente é a abordagem, seja na literatura ou no setor cooperativista, de que as ações oportunísticas e a falta de fidelidade dos associados são problemas centrais que as cooperativas enfrentam. Sem a fidelidade do cooperado, estas organizações, ao mesmo tempo em que perdem o sentido da sua existência, perdem em eficiência operacional e de escala, o que coloca o empreendimento em desvantagem no segmento de atuação. Para o contexto dessa tese, e a partir da abordagem de Williamson, a governança é a forma de, por meio de normas, regras, contratos, monitoramentos e incentivos, se garantir a continuidade de uma transação, na qual conflitos potenciais ameaçam a realização da cooperação. A fidelidade dos associados para com a cooperativa é entendida como sendo a principal característica da cooperação. Assim, esta tese versa sobre a relação da governança adotada pelas cooperativas com a fidelização dos cooperados. Dessa forma, objetivou-se analisar as falhas de governança de cooperativas agropecuárias do Rio Grande do Sul e suas relações com a fidelidade dos cooperados. Como fundamentação, foram utilizadas as abordagens teóricas da Nova Economia Institucional (NEI): Direitos de Propriedade, Teoria da Agência e Economia dos Custos de Transação. Para a operacionalização da pesquisa, foram utilizados métodos quantitativos e qualitativos. A fase qualitativa consistiu na realização de entrevistas em profundidade com experts em cooperativismo. As informações foram categorizadas e trabalhadas por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo. A fase quantitativa caracterizou-se pelo envio de questionário para as cooperativas agropecuárias do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram utilizadas estatísticas descritivas e multivariadas. No caso das multivariadas, realizou-se a análise fatorial, para que se pudesse identificar os conjuntos de fatores que influenciam na fidelidade dos cooperados. Posteriormente, a análise de regressão permitiu verificar o sentido e a intensidade do impacto dos fatores na fidelidade. Os principais resultados apontaram que a governança adotada pelas cooperativas não é a mais eficiente, ou seja, a governança e os incentivos oferecidos não minimizam os custos de transação, de forma a se manter (e aumentar) a fidelidade dos sócios com a cooperativa. Assim, propôs-se um modelo conceitual para as falhas de governança. O modelo abrange seis dimensões: Falhas Contratuais; Falhas Operacionais; Falhas de Comunicação; Falhas de Gestão; Falhas de Fiscalização e Falhas na Oferta de Benefícios Imediatos. A análise quantitativa indicou que quanto maior a Efetividade do Conselho Fiscal , maior tende a ser a fidelidade dos cooperados, sendo que cerca de 17% da fidelidade é explicada pela efetividade do conselho fiscal.
Olsson, Mikael. "Ownership reform and corporate governance : The Slovak privatisation process in 1990-1996." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : [S. Academiae Upsaliensis], 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb400167769.
Full textAntoun-Nakhle, Racquel. "Les contrats de mariage religieux comme contrats de distribution sélective : cas de cinq communautés religieuses au Liban." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020045.
Full textThis thesis attempts to look at religious marriage contracts of five Lebanese communities as selective distribution contracts and to explain the economic behavior of households (in terms of decision making, labor supply and fertility) by the proximity between the two legislations. The analogy between these two types of contracts is clear in the following points: First, the analogy is conceived in terms of the purpose of the contract, contract of exchange and reciprocity. Then, at the relationship between the parties, the woman is the dealer and the spouse is the manufacturer, it is about collaboration and interdependence. On the asymmetry in obligations of the parties, as the selective distribution contract is said one-sided contract in favor of the grantor, the marriage contract contains also patriarchal clauses. And finally, the precarious situation of the dealer for breach of contract. This is the “asymmetry in the rights and obligations "between the parties that determines the proximity of each type of religious marriage contract to the selective distribution contract. And it is from this prism that the economic choice of households will be analyzed. In this perspective, the entrepreneurial approach of the family is selected as a model for economic analysis of the family. This approach has the advantage of considering the marital relationship as a relation governed by a contract, as is the case of a trade contract. A survey has been conducted to justify the impact of legislation on the economic choice of Lebanese households. The inhabitants of Beirut seem to be most sensitive to the contractual terms