Relevant bibliographies by topics / Neo-classical Theory

Academic literature on the topic 'Neo-classical Theory'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Neo-classical Theory"

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Roy, Hirendra Nath. "What Classical and Neo-Classical Monetary Theory Really Was." Indian Economic Journal 44, no. 1 (September 1996): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019466219960102.

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Persky, Joseph. "Marshall's Neo-Classical Labor-Values." Journal of the History of Economic Thought 21, no. 3 (September 1999): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1053837200004259.

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With the coming of marginal utility theory, the economists of the late nineteenth century were left with a theory of exchange values, but not with a theory of value. For example, William Stanley Jevons suggested that the concept of value be dropped from economics, leaving behind only vectors of exchange ratios (Jevons 1879). Not a few general equilibrium economists today hold much the same view. However, then, as today, there were seemingly fundamental economic questions that required a more general concept of value. Whenever economists turned to describing the movements in the economy over time or comparing the economies of different countries, they inevitably wanted to make statements about changes or differences in the real value of goods.
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Holland, Thomas E. "On Parallelism in Neo‐Classical Economic Theory." International Journal of Social Economics 14, no. 3/4/5 (March 1987): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb014059.

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Lomia, Ekaterine. "Political Realism in International Relations: Classical Realism, Neo-realism, and Neo-Classical Realism." International Journal of Social, Political and Economic Research 7, no. 3 (September 3, 2020): 591–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.46291/ijospervol7iss3pp591-600.

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Realism, also known as political realism, is one of the most dominant theories of international relations. The school of thought in realism was established in the post-World War II era; however, it is widely associated with the ancient Greek studies, particularly, in the works of Thucydides who allows a more sophisticated analysis of the conception of power and its place in the anarchic international system. Unlike idealism and liberalism, which underline the idea of cooperation in international relations, realism stresses a competitive and confrontational side of human nature and argues that in global politics there is no space for morality. Thus, states show constant readiness to obtain power and achieve their political ends. The article aims at studying the basic approach, the theory of realism is based on. The study has been prepared as a result of examining articles and books written by dominant realist scholars who have influential opinions in the field.
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Orellana, Oscar, and Raúl Fuentes. "A Theory for Building NEO-Classical Production Functions." Advances in Economics and Business 10, no. 1 (February 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/aeb.2022.100101.

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Hartley, Keith. "Exogenous factors in economic theory: neo-classical economics." Social Science Information 24, no. 3 (September 1985): 457–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/053901885024003003.

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Rosenberg, Alex. "Neo-Classical Economics and Evolutionary Theory: Strange Bedfellows?" PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 1992, no. 1 (January 1992): 174–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/psaprocbienmeetp.1992.1.192753.

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Manzo, Gianluca. "Is rational choice theory still a rational choice of theory? A response to Opp." Social Science Information 52, no. 3 (August 5, 2013): 361–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018413488477.

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Authoritative rational choice theorists continue to argue that wide variants of rational choice theory should be regarded as the best starting-point to formulate theoretical hypotheses on the micro foundations of complex macro-level social dynamics. Building on recent writings on neo-classical rational choice theory, on behavioral economics and on cognitive psychology, the present article challenges this view and argues that: (1) neo-classical rational choice theory is an astonishingly malleable and powerful analytical device whose descriptive accuracy is nevertheless limited to a very specific class of choice settings; (2) the ‘wide’ sociological rational choice theory does not add anything original to the neo-classical framework on a conceptual level and it is also methodologically weaker; (3) at least four alternative action-oriented approaches that reject portrayal of actors as computational devices operating over probability distributions can be used to design sociological explanations that are descriptively accurate at the micro level.
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Allard, Marie, Camille Bronsard, and Gilles McDougall. "Note sur la théorie néo-keynésienne du producteur." Articles 57, no. 2 (January 21, 2009): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/600968ar.

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ABSTRACT While the meaningful theorems of neo-classical theory of the producer are well known, the neo-keynesian counterparts are not. Therefore, this paper will present those new meaningful theorems and their relations with neo-classical theory. On the one hand, this paper is of interest to the theoretician who would want to use the properties of comparative statics of the producer with quantitative rationing. On the other hand, since a neo-keynesian structural form is presented, the econometrician will be interested in imposing the meaningful theorems of this theory as a priori restrictions.
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Rymes, Thomas K., and Syed Ahmad. "Capital in Economic Theory: Neo-Classical, Cambridge and Chaos." Canadian Journal of Economics 26, no. 1 (February 1993): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/135857.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Neo-classical Theory"

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Scerri, M. "Neo-classical theory and the teaching of undergraduate microeconomics." Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2008. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000881.

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This paper explores possible reasons for the long and enduring dominance of neoclassical theory over the undergraduate microeconomics textbook. It proposes that those very attributes of neoclassical microeconomics that raise serious theoretical misgivings constitute the basis for the current hegemony of the standard undergraduate textbook. It further discusses the effects of the standard text on the education of economists in developing countries and conditions of the entrenchment of this text in undergraduate teaching. Finally, it looks at the possibilities of the emergence of alternative textbooks both in the centre and in the periphery of the global academic map.
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Baddeley, Michelle. "Rationality, expectations and investment : the theory of Keynes vs. neo-classical theory." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435362.

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Abu, Ahmad Ibrahim. "An extended rendition of the augmented neo-classical growth model." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366786.

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Khan, Ghulam Yahya. "Applicability of neo-classical growth theory to the SAARC5 countries : an empirical assessment." Thesis, Kingston University, 2014. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/28781/.

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This thesis assesses the applicability of the neoclassical "Solow" growth model to the recent experience of the countries within the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). The Solow growth model carries an implication that some key macroeconomic aggregates will grow at the same rate indicating a "balanced growth". Stochastic versions. of the model interpret balanced growth as stationarity of some so-called "great ratios". They include consumption/income and investment/income ratios, considered in Kuznets' seminal contribution (1942) for the US economy in the early twentieth century. Although Kuznet dismissed international trade as being of negligible consequence, the set of ratios examined here in the case of SAARC countries, are extended to include a trade/income ratio, in recognition of the significant role now played by international trade. The Johansen (1988) and Johansen and Jusilius (1990) maximum likelihood method has been used for estimating and testing long-run steady-state relations in multivariate vector autoregressive models. The empirical support for the balanced growth hypothesis is very limited. Econometric methods that accommodate the impact of structural reforms on economic growth still find only weak evidence for the one-sector neoclassical growth model. The study also investigates the extent of "growth convergence"- a property of the Solow model, within SAARC, by examining the stationarity of relative per capita incomes assessed by unit root tests and permitting structural breaks. It additionally employs Phillips and SuI (2007, 2009) two-factor growth model and the "flexible Fourier trend" method developed by Enders and Lee (2012). The study makes an assessment of regional convergence in the SAARC countries and identifies the consequences of non-convergence and hence draws policy implications for economic integration in South Asia. The results based on data from 1960-2011 reveal that the per capita output is not converging. The key methodologies employed developed from Carlino and Mills (1993) with modification made to them by Li and Papell (1999); Philips and SuI (2007, 2009); Ender and Lee (2012). With or without structural breaks, analyses of the SAARC5 data suggest that per capita output is not converging in these countries.
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BUONAGUIDI, DAMIANO. "Choice of Exogenous Variables, Stock Market Dynamics, Financial Sector: Three Essays on Macroeconomic Theory." Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1061353.

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The choice of exogenous variables is a fundamental element for the logical structure of economic models, leading to different positive and normative implications about growth, distribution and economic policies. In this dissertation a comparative approach is used both to study different models from a theoretical point of view and to analyze the link between the financial and the real sector of the economy. In the first chapter we present a comparison between the neoclassical model and the alternative approach, drawn from the classical and post-keynesian literature, within a common mathematical framework based on the Solow growth model. Several variations in the canonical models are considered. We shall show in a convenient analytical framework how the fundamental differences between the two paradigms ultimately lie in the choice of the exogenous variables: factors endowments in the neoclassical approach or effective demand and, in some cases, income distribution in the alternative approach. In the second chapter, we adopt a comparative approach to interpret stock market dynamics, pursuing two objectives. First, we shall show how the prevailing interpretation of Shiller tests on stock price volatility can all be traced back to the neoclassical model, which makes them exposed to several criticisms. Second, we shall present an alternative macroeconomic model drawn from Sraffian and Keynesian literature which suggests a different interpretation of the empirical evidence on stock market volatility. In the third chapter we propose an integration between the classical-Keynesian model and the monetary circuit framework, evaluating its consistency and its policy implications. In particular, we shall verify whether the Keynesian multiplier can be consistently introduced in the monetary circuit framework, how monetary authorities can affect economic dynamics, how monetary circuits are intertemporally linked to each other and how the problem of interest repayments can be solved.
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Svanlund, Jonatan. "Svensk och finsk upphinnartillväxt : Faktorpris- och produktivitetsutjämning mellan Finland och Sverige 1950-2000." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Ekonomisk historia, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-30633.

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The aim of this thesis is to gain improved understanding of the income convergence between Finland and Sweden 1950-2000 with a focus on catch-up growth, wage formation, productivity growth, migration and structural change in a setting of structural and institutional differences on the factor markets. Earlier studies of Finnish and Swedish convergence has overlooked the international perspective and therefore missed the general European – US convergence during the period. The results shows that Sweden converged to 80 percent of the US productivity level in the early 1970s and is following US productivity growth thereafter. The Finnish catch-up growth towards the US continues until the beginning of the 1990s. This corresponds well with the convergence of labour productivity between Finland and Sweden which took place around 1970 and the gap was closed in the beginning of the 1990s. The convergence between the countries can therefore be understood from the catch-up growth against the USA and if the countries growth rates are plotted against their income level 1950 one can see that the two countries are well in line with other West European countries. This means that either country is deviating in a positive or negative direction during the period. This is to some extent in contrast with the view that has been put forward in the countries national economic historical writing where Finland is often since as a growth miracle while Sweden especially since 1970s is seen as a case of falling behind.      In order to explain the convergence scenario structural and institutional differences on the countries factor markets is examined. One aspect concerns Barry Eichengreens hypothesis regarding wage moderation as cause of the Post-War European convergence. The wage setting system in Sweden has been put forward by Eichengreen as a raw model for the type of institutional setting that would promote wage moderation. One central finding in this thesis is that we can not find support for wage moderation for Sweden as the labour share of the national income rises during the phase of Swedish catch-up growth while the labour income share was constant and periodically falling in Finland. In contrast with the view of the Finnish low interest rate policy during the post- the actual real interest rate was lower in Sweden.      There has also been a significant migration flow from Finland to Sweden especially from the 1950s to mid 1970s.  In the thesis we find a positive and significant relationship between wage and productivity differences on industry level between the countries. This supports the conclusion that migration was leading towards factor price convergence between the countries.      The shift-share analysis shows that there were higher gains for the productivity growth in reallocating labour on the Finnish labour market than in Sweden. This could be explained by the higher share of the labour in the agricultural sector as predicted by Peter Temin.
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Books on the topic "Neo-classical Theory"

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Buhl, Hans Ulrich. A Neo-Classical Theory of Distribution and Wealth. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46568-0.

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A neo-classical theory of distribution and wealth. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1986.

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Hartley, Keith. Exogenous factors in economic theory: Neo-classical economics. York: Institute for Research in the Social Sciences, 1985.

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Ahmad, Syed. Capital in economic theory: Neo-classical, Cambridge, and chaos. Aldershot, Hants, England: Elgar, 1991.

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Syed, Ahmad. Capital in economic theory: Neo-classical, Cambridge and chaos. Aldershot: Elgar, 1991.

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Neri, Salvadori, and Panico Carlo 1952-, eds. Classical, neo classical and Keynesian views on growth and distribution. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Pub., 2006.

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1941-, Arestis Philip, and Skouras Thanos 1943-, eds. Post Keynesian economic theory: A challenge to neo-classical economics. Sussex: Wheatsheaf Books, 1985.

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Nekrasov, Stanislav. Social dialectics of prehistory. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1078147.

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The author of the monograph, written on the original material, restores the classical scientific social philosophy, which allows the means of dialectical methodology and materialism in sociology to predict the end of the prehistory of antagonistic epochs and the beginning of the true history of a single humanity. The new industrialization at the moment of transition from prehistory to history creates civilizational neo-industrialism as a dialectical synthesis of traditional civilization and progressive formation in the form of new socialism. The global project of neo-industrialism civilizes humanity — saves it from barbarism, wars, social inequality, and the destruction of nature. In historical Russia, civilizing development is realized at the expense of new industrialization and the solution of general democratic tasks with the transition to post-capitalist tasks. Conceptually, civilizational neo-industrialism acts as the fifth world theory, which makes it possible to understand the future of the dialectic of new social forces in the transition from prehistory to history. It is of interest to postgraduates, researchers and a wide range of readers in order to determine the worldview position, clarify the philosophical base of science and search for scientists, understand the dialectics of social existence and social consciousness.
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Yadgarov, Yakov. History of economic thought. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1059100.

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The textbook presents the course of history of economic doctrines in accordance with the General plan of previous editions. Discusses the economic doctrine of the era of pre-market economy (including the economic thought of the Ancient world and middle Ages), mercantilism, classical political economy, socio-economic reform projects of economic romanticism, utopian socialism, German historical school, marginalism. To the era of regulated market relations are covered in the textbook socio-institutional direction, the theory of market with imperfect competition, Keynesian Economics, neoliberalism, the concept of the neoclassical synthesis, neo-institutionalism, the phenomenon of the Russian school of economic thought. Special attention is given to synthesis as the basis of modern theories of value. Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation. For students enrolled in the specialty 38.03.01 "Economics", graduate students, researchers and anyone interested in the history of world and domestic economic thought.
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Siedina, Giovanna, ed. Latinitas in the Polish Crown and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-675-6.

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The volume contains articles concerning the influence of Latinitas in the territory now occupied by Poland, Lithuania, Ukraine and Belarus’. The articles, all published in English, range from history to literature and to cultural history and the history of ideas. They analyze the issue of building an identity, either real or imagined, from different points of view. Among the most interesting topics are the classical origins of myths and ideas that have helped build the national identities of those that constituted the ethnic mosaic of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the role of Neo-Latin poetry, as a conveyor of Latinitas, in the development of national identities. Because of the significance of Latinitas for both common European cultural traditions and the national cultures, literatures and languages of Belarus, Poland, Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia and Ukraine, it is to be hoped that the subject will continue to attract a good level of attention in the future.
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Book chapters on the topic "Neo-classical Theory"

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Rice, John. "Comparison with Neo-Classical Theory." In Springer Series on Atomic, Optical, and Plasma Physics, 53–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92266-5_4.

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Nell, Edward J. "Capital and the Firm in Neo-Classical Theory." In Transformational Growth and Effective Demand, 125–38. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21779-3_6.

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Kuenne, Robert E. "Patinkin on Neo-Classical Monetary Theory: A Critique in Walrasian Specifics." In General Equilibrium Economics, 427–37. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12752-8_19.

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Halevi, Joseph. "Capital and Growth: Its Relevance as a Critique of Neo-Classical and Classical Economic Theories." In Post-Keynesian Essays from Down Under Volume IV: Essays on Theory, 147–64. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-47529-9_13.

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Hein, Eckhard. "Monetary Analysis in Classical Economics: Banking School and Neo-Ricardian Monetary Theory of Distribution." In Money, Distribution Conflict and Capital Accumulation, 13–15. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230595606_4.

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Perulli, Adalberto. "Il diritto del lavoro tra libertà, riconoscimento e non-dominio." In Studi e saggi, 101–23. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-484-7.08.

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The essay deals with the issue of freedom in labor law through dialogue with two currents of philosophical-political thought: neo-republicanism and the neo-Hegelian theory of social freedom. After the critique of neoliberal economic thought, labor law can draw on these two currents of political philosophy to consolidate, from an evolutionary point of view, its own value paradigm and to identify a new regulatory project that lives up to the challenge of neo-modernity. The ideas of freedom as non-domination and as social freedom, unlike the classical liberal concept of negative freedom, converge in the construction of social rights, such as codetermination, around which to found a new course of labor law.
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Luo, Rundong, and Weiwei Wu. "A Model of Labor Demand in Technical Change: Based on Combination of Marxism and Neo-Classical Theory." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 66–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23020-2_10.

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Baber, Willie L. "Conceptual Issues in the New Economic Anthropology: Moving Beyond the Polemic of Neo-classical and Marxist Economic Theory." In Beyond the New Economic Anthropology, 45–77. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18733-1_3.

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Pleeging, Emma, and Martijn Burger. "Hope in Economics." In Historical and Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Hope, 165–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46489-9_9.

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Abstract As a topic of research in economics, hope has not been very prevalent. Following the neo-classical paradigm, economists have tended to focus on rationality, self-interest, and universals. A normative and subjective experience such as hope was not believed to fit well with this perspective. However, the development of several heterodox economic approaches over the past decades, such as behavioral economics, has led to renewed attention being given to emotion, subjectivity, and normativity. Economic research on concepts related to hope, such as anticipatory feelings, (consumer) confidence, expectations and aspirations has consequently increased. In general, these studies find that hopeful feelings have a strong motivating power for (economic) behavior. By and large, the effects of hope seem to be positive, ranging from longevity and health to innovation and well-being. Nonetheless, there have also been indications that prompt caution, for example when it comes to false hopes, disappointment, or possible manipulation of societal hope. The field of economics has gained much valuable insight from existing research but we argue that it could gain from further definitional clarity. We discuss the difference between hope and related concepts such as optimism, in particular when it comes to economic research, and suggest topics for future research that could benefit from a focus on hope.
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Crul, Maurice. "Epilogue: Where Did Weak and Strong Ties Go Wrong?" In IMISCOE Research Series, 227–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94972-3_11.

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AbstractIn this volume, both qualitative and quantitative scholars describe their findings on the networks of migrants and their descendants and explore the content of their social ties for educational and labor market success in seven European countries. Some contributions cover decades of work in this field, making this one of most comprehensive books on this topic, both theoretically and empirically. Almost without exception, the authors, although describing various ethnic groups, different geographical and professional contexts and different time periods, are critical of a number of the main arguments about the networks of migrants developed in the field of migration studies. Central in their critique is the question about the importance of co-ethnic or inter-ethnic ties and networks, and their importance to enter the labor market and move up. In the field of migration studies, concepts like integration and assimilation have greatly influenced the thinking of its scholars. The idea that newcomers only become fully integrated in a society when they gain a similar economic position and are in contact with people without migration background, or, in other words, become part of the mainstream, has been a strong and dominant view in our field (Alba & Nee, 2003; Alba, 2009; Portes & Rumbaut, 2001; Portes & Zhou, 1993). People who largely interact with co-ethnics and or work in labor market sectors that are dominated by co-ethnics (ethnic niches) are usually seen as not (yet) fully integrated into their new society. And when this also translates to the native-born children (so-called ‘second generation decline’), this is seen as problematic (Ganz, 1992). In this broader framework on integration and assimilation, Granovetter’s (1973) idea of strong and weak ties has entered the field of migration studies. Lang and Schneider, in this volume, rightly state that it is questionable whether the idea of strong ties – for co-ethnics – and weak ties – for ties with people without migration background – was originally intended by Granovetter to be used in this way. But what is clear, however, is that this idea fitted perfectly with broader theories on integration and assimilation. The importance for newly arrived migrants of strong co-ethnic ties in ethnic networks is generally considered one of the starting pieces of the puzzle laying out the process of assimilation in its first phase. The idea of weak ties, also in its symbolic emphasis on ‘weak’, perfectly suited the still scarce and superficial contacts with people of native descent in the early stages of the assimilation process. Since the concept of weak and strong ties fitted so well with the dominant theories about integration and assimilation (classical, neo and new assimilation), much of what was happening with migrants, and even their descendants, in the labor market was seen through, what many would call, an ethnic lens (Crul, 2016; Dahinden, 2016; Wimmer, 2013). Migrants gained a first foothold in the labor market through strong co-ethnic ties and were slowly moving up through their weak ties, making use of information and resources of people of native descent with whom they had only superficial contact. The idea of strong ties also resonated with the notion that their relations with co-ethnics were more meaningful and profound. There was also a dark side to strong ties. Under some conditions, because of the limited information and resources in the co-ethnic network, for some the strong ties could lead to an ethnic mobility trap.
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Conference papers on the topic "Neo-classical Theory"

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MÚNERA, HÉCTOR A. "Neo-Cartesian Unified Fluid Theory: From the Classical Wave Equation to De Broglie’s Lorentzian Quantized Mechanics and Quantized Gravity." In Unified Field Mechanics II: Preliminary Formulations and Empirical Tests, 10th International Symposium Honouring Mathematical Physicist Jean-Pierre Vigier. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813232044_0018.

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Belenko, O. F., and T. R. Malikov. "THE PROFESSION OFMARKETOLOGIST IN ECONOMY 4.0." In New forms of production and entrepreneurship in the coordinates of neo-industrial development of the economy. PD of KSUEL, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38161/978-5-7823-0731-8-2020-151-157.

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This article discusses the characteristics of neo-industrial development of the economy. The features of the transformation of classical skills and abilities inherent in the profession “marketer” to the conditions and requirements of the “new economy 4.0” are revealed. Identified and justified areas of basic training and measures for the timely retraining of marketers to ensure their competitiveness in the labor market in a neo-industrial economy.
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Gerni, Cevat, Selahattin Sarı, Mustafa Kemal Değer, and Ömer Selçuk Emsen. "Liberalism and Economic Growth in Transition Economies." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c02.00290.

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In the world economy, since 1960s, countries, which are open and apply liberal policies succeeded higher economic growth and welfare. Therefore, liberal policies became more attractive. In that case, the transition, which has political, economic, and socio-cultural aspects, means moving from socialist-authoritarian structure to market based-liberal structures. In the literature, there are many studies which point out labor force and capital are not significant on the economic growth. In addition, the literature focuses on the importance of institutions on the economic growth. In this study, we compare the countries which were quickly away from the socialist structures with the countries which were slow on the reforms. Our analysis depends on their economic growth with cross section. However, we know the importance of institutional aspects on the growth research; therefore, we applied 2SLS regression analysis and to determine the economic liberalism indicators we used political rights, civil liberties, years that were under the socialism, openness, secondary school ratio, and public spending/GDP ratio. In the late phase, GDP per capita, as an indicator of economic growth, is explained with an independent variable which is predicted in the first phase via liberalism variable, and labor-population ratio and constant capital stock GDP ratio variables used in Neo-classical Solow-type growth model.
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Ersungur, Ş. Mustafa, Aslı Cansın Doker, and Adem Türkmen. "Beta Convergence Analysis on Transition Economies: 1991-2011." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00970.

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Owing to Solow’s neo-classical the convergence hypothesis, which explains underdeveloped and developing countries grew faster than any of these developed countries have acknowledged that captures the level of per capita income, was added to the economic growth and development literature. Despite, theoretically there are two different approaches in convergence analysis; real and conditional, it cannot be said generalizing empirical results for both. Accordingly, 29 transition economies which tried to cross from the planned economic system into liberal economic system, is subjected to this study. Convergence have been analysed on transition economies between 1991 and 2011 using the growth rate of per capita income as variables by cross-sectional data analysis. In this study, additionally to real convergence, obtaining from the KOF index of economics, political and social integration and openness data were included the model as dummy variables for examining conditional convergence. Depending on empirical results on real and conditional convergence analysis, the convergence hypothesis is accepted. It is identified that Cambodia, Vietnam and China especially have caught up with faster growth comparing with other transition economies; however, those countries have shown weaker convergence than others. On the other hand, Kirghizstan and Tajikistan, which are known as mostly having the effects of transition recessions, have negative growth rates, and those countries have been diverging from other countries’ growth performance. From findings obtained within conditional convergence, it is examined while political liberalisation and openness variables have been accepted significantly; the economic and social liberalization variables have no significant effect on convergence.
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5

Mehraban, Arash, Jed Brown, Valeria Barra, Henry Tufo, Jeremy Thompson, and Richard Regueiro. "Efficient Residual and Matrix-Free Jacobian Evaluation for Three-Dimensional Tri-Quadratic Hexahedral Finite Elements With Nearly-Incompressible Neo-Hookean Hyperelasticity Applied to Soft Materials on Unstructured Meshes in Parallel, With PETSc and libCEED." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-24522.

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Abstract Soft materials such as rubber, elastomers, and soft biological tissues mechanically deform at large strain isochorically for all time, or during their initial transient (when a pore fluid, typically incompressible such as water, does not have time to flow out of the deforming polymer or soft tissue porous skeleton). Simulating these large isochoric deformations computationally, such as with the Finite Element Method (FEM), requires higher order (typically quadratic) interpolation functions and/or enhancements through hybrid/mixed methods to maintain stability. Lower order (linear) finite elements with hybrid/mixed formulation may not perform stably for all mechanical loading scenarios involving large isochoric deformations, whereas quadratic finite elements with or without hybrid/mixed formulation typically perform stably, especially when large bending or folding deformations are being simulated. For topology-optimization design of soft robotics, for instance, the FEM solid mechanics solver must run efficiently and stably. Stability is ensured by the higher order finite element formulation (with possible enhancement), but efficiency for higher order FEM remains a challenge. Thus, this paper addresses efficiency from the perspective of computer science algorithms and programming. The proposed efficient algorithm utilizes the Portable, Extensible Toolkit for Scientific Computation (PETSc), along with the libCEED library for efficient compiler optimized tensor-product-basis computation to demonstrate an efficient nonlinear solution algorithm. For preconditioning, a scalable p-multigrid method is presented whereby a hierarchy of levels is constructed. In contrast to classical geometric multigrid, also known as h-multigrid, each level in p-multigrid is related to a different approximation polynomial order, p, instead of the element size, h. A Chebyshev polynomial smoother is used on each multigrid level. Algebraic MultiGrid (AMG) is then applied to the assembled Q1 (linear) coarse mesh on the nodes of the quadratic Q2 (quadratic) mesh. This allows low storage that can be efficiently used to accelerate the convergence to solution. For a Neo-Hookean hyperelastic problem, we examine a residual and matrix-free Jacobian formulation of a tri-quadratic hexahedral finite element with enhancement. Efficiency estimates on AVX-2 architecture based on CPU time are provided as a comparison to similar simulation (and mesh) of isochoric large deformation hyperelasticity as applied to soft materials conducted with the commercially-available FEM software program ABAQUS. The particular problem in consideration is the simulation of an assistive device in the form of finger-bending in 3D.
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