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1
Farr, C. R. "Nematocide Comparisons for Rootknot Nematode Control." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/219774.
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The 1985 and 1986 Cotton Reports have the same publication and P-Series numbers.Preplant treatments for rootknot nematodes on sandy loam gave less yield response than in earlier years at the same Buckeye field location. Post emergence treatments on sandy loam at Waddell failed to give sufficient economic return even though lateral root infestation level was over 50 percent.
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Valadas, Vera Mónica Piegas. "Genetic diversity of entomopathogenic nematodes (Nematoda: Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) and the nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) from continental Portugal." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/15718.
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“Diversidade genética dos nemátodes entomopatogénicos
(Nematoda: Steinernematidae e Heterorhabditidae) e do
nemátode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda:
Aphelenchoididade) em Portugal continental”
Os nematodes entomopatogénicos são utilizados como agentes de controlo
biológico. Para compreender a sua diversidade, foi realizada uma prospecção
em Portugal. Cinco espécies, nomeadamente Steinernema feltiae, S.
intermedium, S. kraussei, Steinernema sp. e Heterorhabditis bacteriophora
foram identificadas. As sequências de ITS, região D2D3 do 28S rRNA, COXI e
cytb foram utilizadas para estudar a diversidade genética das duas espécies
mais abundantes, S. feltiae and H. bacteriophora, não tendo sido encontradas
diferenças significativas entre isolados.
O nemátode da madeira do pinheiro, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, provoca
doença nos pinheiros tendo sido detectada pela primeira vez na Europa e em
Portugal em 1999. Para avaliar a diversidade genética dos isolados
Portugueses e identificar o padrão de propagação da doença, foram utilizadas
a sequência da região IGS do 5.8S rRNA, e os genes cytb e cellulase,
combinados com os padrões ISSR. Os padrões de ISSR mostraram elevada
diversidade genética entre os recentes isolados Portugueses, sugerindo a
possibilidade de uma nova introdução. As árvores filogenéticas dos genes da
celulase e cytb sugeriram uma origem Asiática para os isolados Portugueses; ABSTRACT: Entomopathogenic nematodes are used as biocontrol agents. To understand
their diversity, a survey was undertaken in Portugal. Five species, namely
Steinernema feltiae, S. intermedium, S. kraussei, Steinernema sp. and
Heterorhabditis bacteriophora were identified. The ITS, 28S rRNA D2D3 region,
COXI and cytb sequences, used to study the genetic diversity of the two most
abundant species, S. feltiae and H. bacteriophora, showed no significant
differences among the isolates.
Bursaphelenchus xylophilus causes severe disease in pine trees and was
detected for the first time in Europe and in Portugal in 1999. To evaluate the
genetic diversity of Portuguese isolates and identify disease spread pathways,
the sequence of 5.8S rRNA IGS region, cytb and cellulase genes, combined
with ISSR fingerprints were used. ISSR fingerprints show a high genetic
variability among recent Portuguese isolates, suggesting the possibility of a new
introduction. Phylogenetic trees based on cellulase and cytb genes suggests an
Asian origin for Portuguese isolates.
3
Olsen, Mary W. "Root-knot nematode." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146969.
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3 pp.Originally published: 2000
Nematodes are microscopic round worms found in many habitats. They are the most abundant multicellular organisms on earth. Most are beneficial memebers of their ecosystems, but a few are economic parasites of plants and animals. There are several plant parasitic nematodes that cause problems on landscape and garden plants in Arizona and the most widespread and economically important are the root-knot nematodes. This article discusses the hosts and environmental conditions, symptoms and disease of root-knot nematode, and the prevention / control method to it.
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Viketoft, Maria. "Soil nematode communities in grasslands : effects of plant species identity and diversity /." Uppsala : Dept. of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/200748.pdf.
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Shrestha, Roshi. "A physiological and genetic mapping study of tolerance to root-knot nematode in rice." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2008. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=24807.
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Kikuchi, Taisei. "Studies on nematode parasitism genes of the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus." Kyoto University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/136647.
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Nunn, Gary B. "Nematode molecular evolution : an investigation of evolutionary patterns among nematodes based upon DNA sequences." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334855.
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Hrabok, Jackie T. "Nematode parasites of reindeer in Fennoscandia : population dynamics, anthelmintic control and its environmental impact /." Uppsala : Dept. of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/200689.pdf.
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Kumar, Sujai. "Next-generation nematode genomes." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7609.
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The first metazoan to be sequenced was a nematode (Caenorhabditis elegans), and understanding the genome of this model organism has led to many insights about all animals. Although eleven nematode genomes have been published so far and approximately twenty more are under way, the vast majority of the genomes of this incredibly diverse phylum remain unexplored. Next-generation sequencing has made it possible to generate large amounts of genome sequence data in a few days at a fraction of the cost of traditional Sanger-sequencing. However, assembling and annotating these data into genomic resources remains a challenge because of the short reads, the quality issues in these kinds of data, and the presence of contaminants and co-bionts in uncultured samples. In this thesis, I describe the process of creating high quality draft genomes and annotation resources for four nematode species representing three of the five major nematode clades: Caenorhabditis sp. 5, Meloidogyne floridensis, Dirofilaria immitis, and Litomosoides sigmodontis. I describe the new approaches I developed for visualising contamination and co-bionts, and I present the details of the robust workflow I devised to deal with the problems of generating low-cost genomic resources from Illumina short-read sequencing. Results: The draft genome assemblies created using the workflow described in this thesis are comparable to the draft nematode genomes created using Sanger sequencing. Armed with these genomes, I was able to answer two evolutionary genomics questions at very different scales. The first question was whether any non-coding elements were deeply conserved at the level of the whole phylum. Such elements had previously been hypothesised to be responsible for the phylum body plan in vertebrates, insects, and nematodes. I used twenty nematode genomes in several whole-genome alignments and concluded that no such elements were conserved across the whole phylum. The second question addressed the origins of the highly destructive plant-parasitic root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Comparisons with the newly sequenced Meloidogyne floridensis genome revealed the complex hybrid origins of both species, undermining previous assumptions about the rarity of hybrid speciation in animals. Conclusions: This thesis demonstrates the role of next-generation sequencing in democratising genome sequencing projects. Using the sequencing strategies, workflows, and tools described here, one can rapidly create genomic resources at a very low cost, even for unculturable metazoans. These genomes can be used to understand the evolutionary history of a genus or a phylum, as shown.
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Jordan, Katerina Serlemitsos. "The ecology of plant-parasitic nematodes and their antagonists on golf course greens turf in southern New England /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2005. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/dlnow/3188061.
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Šuminaitė, Justina. "Karantininių bulvinių nematodų paplitimas Vilniaus regione." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100609_133715-72090.
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2007-2009 metais buvo tiriamas auksinio bulvinio nematodo ir blyškiojo bulvinio nematodo paplitimas Vilniaus regione. Tyrimai buvo atliekami Vilniaus regiono bulvių augintojų, dekoratyvinių, sodo ir miško augalų augintojų ir šiltnamių kontroliuojamuose ūkiuose. Iš vieno hektaro buvo imami 4 dirvožemio pavyzdžiai, o iš bulvių sėklininkystės ūkių ir ūkių, kuriuose auginama dauginimui skirta sodinamoji medžiaga, buvo imami 8 pavyzdžiai. Valstybinės augalų apsaugos tarnybos Fitosanitarinių tyrimų laboratorijoje pavyzdžiai buvo ištirti naudojant centrifugavimo Schuiling‘o centrifugos metodą. Apibendrinus 2007-2009 metų tyrimų duomenis nustatyta, kad buvo ištirtas dirvožemis 428-iuose kontroliuojamuose ūkiuose, kurių bendras tirtų laukų plotas buvo 877,51 ha. Iš viso buvo paimta 4343 pavyzdžiai. Iš kurių 652 buvo užkrėsti auksiniu bulviniu nematodu. Globodera pallida nebuvo identifikuota. Daugiausiai užkrėstų pavyzdžių nustatyta Švenčionių ir Trakų rajonuose (37,5 ir 33,6 % nuo tirtų tame rajone pavyzdžių). Mažiausiai užkrėstas Ukmergės ir Širvintų rajonų (12,03 ir 11,69 % nuo tirtų tame rajone pavyzdžių) dirvožemis.The research of the spread of Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber) Behrens and Globodera pallida (Stone) Behrens was conducted in the Vilnius region in 2007 - 2009. It was done by potato cultivators of the Vilnius region, by cultivators of decorative, garden and forest plants as well as by controlled greenhouse farms. During the research 4 samples were taken from each 1 hectare and 8 samples from potato seed farms as well as farms where planting material was cultivated for the reproduction purposes. Each sample was tested in the Phytosanitary Research Laboratory of the State Plant Protection Service by using the Schuiling centrifuge method. When summarising the research data of 2007 - 2009 it was found out that the soil test was conducted in 428 controlled farms with the total tested field area of 877.51 ha. 4343 samples were taken in total, 652 of which were contaminated with the Golden Nematode. Pale cyst Nematode was not identifyed. The highest number of contaminated samples was found in Švenčionių and Trakų districts (37.5 % and 33.6 % of the tested samples respectively). Meanwhile the least contaminated soil was in Ukmergės and Širvintų districts (12.03% and 11.69% of the tested samples respectively).
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SANTOS, Amanda Gonçalves. "Comparações das comunidades nematofaunísticas de três ambientes costeiros do nordeste brasileiro por meio de resoluções taxonômicas." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2016. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/1171.
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CNPq
Os nematódeos são os metazoários mais abundantes do planeta. Estima-se que três quartos, ou mais, de todos os animais da terra são nematódeos. Podem ser encontrados em todos os habitats que forneçam fontes de carbono orgânico disponíveis. Variam de acordo com a sensibilidade a poluentes e perturbação ambiental. Por esses motivos vem sendo utilizados, como ferramenta para biomonitoramento de ecossistemas. A resolução taxonômica diminui o problema do “impedimento taxonômico”, causado pela carência de pesquisadores nesta área e pela dificuldade na identificação dos organismos nos níveis taxonômicos mais baixos. Assim, objetivou-se comparar as estruturas populacionais nematofaunística, pelo uso de resoluções taxonômicas em três ambientes costeiros, a fim de ampliar a utilização da “resolução taxonômica” e enfatizar a sua importância como uma boa ferramenta de suporte as pesquisas de cunho taxonômico, principalmente nas que envolvam o monitoramento ambiental. Foram realizadas coletas em período chuvoso e seco, em ponto fixo da praia, do recife e do estuário de Pirangi do Sul - RN, Brasil. Os nematódeos encontrados foram identificados até o nível de espécie. Foram encontrados 46 gêneros e 56 espécies, pertencentes à 15 famílias, sendo 9 espécies novas para a ciência. As análises estatísticas mostraram que os níveis taxonômicos utilizados apontam diferenças na organização da comunidade, entre as estações de coleta, com exceção do nível específico. As diferenças também foram observadas para análises espaciais, com exceção do nível de ordem. A classificação até o nível de gênero se mostra taxonômicamente suficiente para interpretar os dados da comunidade nematofaunística da região de Pirangi do Sul-RN, para análises espaciais.
Nematodes are the most abundant metazoans in the planet. It is estimated that three-quarters or more of all land animals are nematodes. They can be found in all habitats that provide sources of organic carbon available. They still vary according to the sensitivity to pollutants and environmental disturbance. For these reasons it is being used as an instrument for biomonitoring ecosystems. The taxonomic resolution reduces the problem of "taxonomic impediment" caused by the scarcity of researchers in this area and the difficulty in identifying organisms at lower taxonomic levels. Thus, this study aimed at comparing the nematofaunistic population structures through the use of taxonomic resolutions in three coastal environments in order to expand the use of taxonomic resolution and emphasize its importance as a good resource support in the researches of taxonomic aspects, especially in those involving environmental monitoring. Samplings in rainy and dry season were made, in a fixed point at the beach, of the reef and estuary of Pirangi do Sul - RN, Brazil. The found nematodes were identified up to the species level. They were found 46 genera belonging to 15 families and 56 species being 9 of them new to science. Statistical analyzes showed that the taxonomic levels used in this research point to differences in the community´s organization, among the sampling stations, except the specific level. Differences were also observed for spatial analysis, with the exception of the order level. Classification up to the genus level has shown taxonomically enough to interpret the data nematofaunistic community of Pirangi-RN southern region for spatial analysis.
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Morris, John R. (John Robert) 1949. "Biological Control of the Red Imported Fire Ant by the Entomopathogenic Nematode, Steinernema Carpocapsae (Weiser)." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500266/.
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Field trials were conducted in 1988 to evaluate the effectiveness of Steinernema (=Neoaplectana) carpocapsae (Weiser) in controlling the fire ant. Infective juveniles (IJ) of the nematode were applied as drench on 235 and 422 mounds, respectively for 2-month summer and 6-week fall evaluation periods. In comparative trials, amidinohydrazone (Amdro) was applied to 249 (summer) and 65 (fall) active mounds, with 245 (summer) and 78 (fall) untreated active as controls. Nematode treatments resulted in an average of 47% control (Abbott's formula) in summer trials and 19-88% control in the fall trials, compared with 39% and 47% control, respectively with amidinohydrazone. Active mounds treated with nematodes or amidinohydrazone had significantly fewer individuals than control mounds in summer trials.
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Engelbrecht, Emil Ettiene. "Nematode (Phylum Nematoda) community assemblages : a tool to implement environmentally–sound management strategies for root–knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) in potato–based cropping systems / Emil Ettiene Engelbrecht." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8095.
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those special or additional educational needs and goals that would enable students to fulfil their future roles in their communities and beyond. It is also argued that the mini–education systems of non–governmental institutions could make a major contribution to solve these problems. In particular, the analysis and discussion of the mini–education system of the Foundation for Cross–Cultural Education, has demonstrated that the mini–education system of a private educational initiative can make a substantial contribution towards the educational upliftment of a community in a particular rural area.
The study provides an instrument to plan and facilitate the mini–education systems of private education initiatives working in developing communities to effect the required transformational development. To confer advice to these private educational initiatives in SSA and to address the current global concern regarding the quality of formal education, the study adapted Steyn et al.’s (2002) framework for strategic education system planning. The adapted framework guidelines can be used to increase the efficiency of all the components and elements of the particular mini–education systems functioning in developing communities. The particular strategic framework was also applied to identify and describe the needs and determinants influencing quality education in developing communities in Sub–Saharan Africa in general.
It was also found that the specific framework for strategic planning was applicable to position the mini–education system, of a particular education private initiative, in such a way that it can effectively provide in the real education needs of a particular developing community. The framework also provides valuable guidelines to educational investors, as private initiatives, and national governments that wish to integrate their education provisioning in order to improve the quality of formal education provision in SSA.Thesis (MSc (Environmental Sciences))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.
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Jordan, Scott G. "Modeling the Spread of Alfalfa Stem Nematodes: Insights into their Dynamics and Control." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7055.
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Alfalfa is a major cash crop in the western United States, where fields that are infested with the alfalfa stem nematode (Ditylenchus dipsaci) can be found. With no nematicides available to control alfalfa stem nematode spread, growers can use nematode resistant varieties of alfalfa to manage nematode populations in a field. A deterministic, discrete-time, host-parasite model is presented that describes the spread of alfalfa stem nematodes on resistant hosts that was fit to experimental data obtained in Weber County, Utah. Numerical results obtained from simulations with the model are used to compare how varying levels of resistance can affect harvest yield.
Resistant varieties can also affect the invasion speeds of epidemics in crops. A continuous time, spatial model is presented that describes how these resistant varieties affect invasion speeds in general crop systems. Speeds of traveling wave fronts are determined for simple epidemics in crops that contain a mixture of resistant and non-resistant hosts. For the model, it was found that the wave speeds will slow down as highly nematode resistant varieties of alfalfa are used.
The speed of invasion for the alfalfa stem nematode can be determined by using a mathematical relationship that is know as the contact distribution. We present a spatial model for the spread of alfalfa stem nematodes that uses a Gaussian distribution as the contact distribution of the alfalfa stem nematodes, which was determined by experimental data. Using this contact distribution we are able to approximate the speed of nematode invasive fronts in absence of advection, i.e. without nematode trans-port through flood irrigation. The contact distribution is then used to calculate front speeds when resistant varieties of alfalfa are introduced. We found that, unsurprisingly, invasive speeds are relatively low and cannot support the rapid dispersal of the disease among fields as seen in practice. However, this result leads to conjecture that changing current irrigation practices, from flood to sprinkle irrigation, could effectively contribute to control the spread of alfalfa stem nematodes.
Resistant varieties of alfalfa can be used to effectively control the spread of the alfalfa stem nematode. In this work we have shown that using resistant varieties of alfalfa can increase yield up to 83%, they can slow down invasion speeds of nematodes, and switching from flood to sprinkler irrigation could effectively contribute to the control of the alfalfa stem nematode.
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Chaves, Prínscilla Pâmela Nunes. "Qualidade de mudas de alface inoculadas com Trichoderma e reação de plantas adultas de alface a nematoides de galhas na presença de Trichoderma." Universidade Federal do Tocantins, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11612/376.
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Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de isolados de Trichoderma em cultivares de alface foram conduzidos dois experimentos divididos em dois capítulos. O primeiro com a finalidade de avaliar o efeito do Trichoderma na qualidade de mudas de alface e o segundo a sua potencialidade no controle de Meloidogyne enterolobii em plantas adultas de alface. O experimento I foi conduzido em casa de vegetação na Universidade Federal do Tocantins, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial, com 5 repetições. Foram utilizados três isolados de Trichoderma (UFT201, UFT202 e UFT205) e duas cultivares comerciais de alface (Elba e Solaris). Para este experimento foram avaliadas as seguintes características: Altura de plantas, diâmetro do caule, comprimento da raiz, número de folhas, massa seca da parte aérea e raiz, massa seca total, índice de qualidade de Dickson e eficiência relativa. Para o capítulo II foram conduzidos dois experimentos com a utilização das cultivares Elba e Solaris, dois isolados de Trichoderma UFT201 e UFT205, um isolado de nematoide M. enterolobii e a cultivar de tomate Santa Clara, usada como testemunha hospedeira padrão dos nematoides. As variáveis avaliadas foram: Comprimento da raiz, diâmetro da cabeça, massa fresca da raiz, massa fresca total, massa seca da parte aérea, eficiência relativa, número de galhas, tamanho médio de galhas, posicionamento de galhas, índice de massas de ovos e índice de reprodução. No experimento I, em geral a presença de Trichoderma não resultou em mudas de melhor qualidade, quando comparados à testemunha. O fator tempo pode ter influência, visto que o trabalho foi realizado em condição de mudas. Para o experimento II, houve redução no número de galhas e massas de ovos de nematoides nos tratamentos inoculados com Trichoderma. Através dos parâmetros que determinam a presença do nematoide na planta, foi possível constatar para as duas cultivares o potencial antagônico do Trichoderma no controle de M. enterolobii.In order to evaluate the effect of Trichoderma isolates in lettuce cultivars two experiments were conducted, divided into two chapters. The first, in order to evaluate the effect of Trichoderma in lettuce seedlings, and the second, its potential in control of Meloidogyne enterolobii in lettuce adult plants. The first experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Federal University of Tocantins, in a factorial randomized design, with five repetitions. Three Trichoderma strains were used (UFT201, UFT202, and UFT205), and two commercial cultivars of lettuce (Elba and Solaris). For this experiment the following characteristics were evaluated: plant height, stem diameter, root length, number of leaves, dry weight of shoot and root, total dry weight, quality index Dickson and relative efficiency. For Chapter II two experiments were conducted with the use of Elba cultivars and Solaris, two isolates of Trichoderma UFT201 and UFT205, an isolate of nematode M. enterolobii and tomato cultivar Santa Clara, used as the default host a witness of the nematodes. The variables evaluated were: root length, diameter of the head, fresh root mass, fresh mass total shoot dry mass, relative efficiency, number of galls, average size of galls, positioning of galls, egg mass index and reproduction index. In the first experiment, in general the presence of Trichoderma did not result in better quality seedlings compared to the control. The time factor may play a role, since the work was done on seedlings. For the second experiment, there was a reduction in the number of galls and egg masses of nematodes in treatments inoculated with Trichoderma. By parameters that determine the presence of nematodes in the plant, it was established for both cultivars the antagonistic potential of Trichoderma to control M. enterolobii.
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Sriwati, Rina. "Succession of nematode fauna and fungal flora in pine trees after infection with the pinewood nematode." Kyoto University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/78171.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第13098号
農博第1603号
新制||農||939(附属図書館)
学位論文||H19||N4224(農学部図書室)
UT51-2007-H371
京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻
(主査)教授 二井 一禎, 教授 髙藤 晃雄, 教授 武田 博清
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Kubo, Roberto Kazuhiro [UNESP]. "Ocorrência de Pratylenchus spp. em cafezais do Estado de São Paulo e efeito de Pratylenchus coffeae no crescimento e fotossíntese de Coffea arabica." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105435.
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Amostras de solo e raízes foram coletadas em plantações de café no estado de São Paulo, com o objetivo de determinar a importância e a ocorrência dos nematóides das lesões na cultura do café. A espécie de Pratylenchus mais freqüente foi P. brachyurus (solo: 13,2 %; raízes: 18,3 %), mas geralmente em baixas densidades. O nematóide das lesões do café, P. coffeae, ocorreu em 5,1 % das amostras de raízes, mas em altas densidades e causando mais danos do que a primeira espécie. Outra espécie, P. vulnus, foi encontrada somente em uma localidade. Este é o primeiro relato de P. vulnus em café. Outros fitonematóides identificados nas amostras foram: Xiphinema brevicolle, Xiphinema sp., Paratrichodorus minor, Paratrichodorus sp.,...
Soil and root samples were collected from coffee plantations in the state of São Paulo, in order to determine the occurrence and importance of lesion nematodes in coffee culture. The most frequent species of Pratylenchus was P. brachyurus (soil: 13,2 %; roots: 18,3 %), but generally in low densities. The coffee lesion nematode, P. coffeae, occurred in 5,1 % of root samples, but in higher densities and causing more damage than the former species. Other species, P. vulnus, was found in one single locality. This is the first report of P. vulnus on coffee. Other phytonematodes identified in the survey were: Xiphinema brevicolle, Xiphinema sp., Paratrichodorus minor, Paratrichodorus sp., Tylenchorhynchus sp., Helicotylenchus dihystera, H. californicus, H. erythrinae, Helicotylenchus sp., Scutellonema sp., Rotylenchulus reniformis, Meloidogyne exigua, M. incognita, M. coffeicola, Meloidogyne sp, Criconemella onoensis, C. ornata, C. sphaerocephala, Criconemella sp., Hemicriconemoides strictathecatus, and Paratylenchus sp. ...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
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Culp, Shelley A. "Carboxylesterases from the nematode Panagrellus redivivus." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ34954.pdf.
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Floyd, Robin M. "Molecular assessment of soil nematode diversity." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/13835.
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Patterson, David Mark. "Caprine responsiveness towards gastrointestinal nematode infection." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15600.
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Studies were conducted using Scottish cashmere goats which were segregated into responsive and non-responsive individuals on the basis of ranked faecal egg count following artificial and natural gastrointestinal nematode infection. These studies demonstrate that caprine responsiveness is a relatively stable and heritable characteristic, largely unaffected by season and mode or site of infection. Initial comparative studies showed does to be considerably more susceptible to mixed artificial teladorsagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus vitrinus infection than were ewes or worm-naive lambs. This was reflected in distinct differences in mucosal mast cell (MMC) and glouble leukocyte (GL) populations, the does having more GLs but many fewer MMCs than ewes. Theses differences together with the very low sheep mast cell proteinase concentrations recovered from doe tissue suggest that there are important functional differences in the mast cell responses of sheep and goats. The responses of breeding male and female goats were very consistent, with individuals occupying the same position of relative responsiveness while on pasture and after artificial challenge. Differences in the susceptibility of responders and non-responders were apparent in egg count following natural and artificial infection and selection was largely supported by worm burdens recovered after artificial challenge. There was a tendency for enhanced responsiveness to be associated with increased tissue eosinophil and GL numbers though this relationship wasn't very strong. However, responders were able to mount a more rapid and vigorous peripheral eosinophil response than were non-responders suggesting that peripheral eosinophil levels may be indicative of the ability of the host to respond to infection. Analysis of the cellular traffic of the gastric lymph showed that more resistant individuals were responding earlier. Results obtained from the first generation yearlings from the helminth-line showed that under the conditions encountered in these studies increased resistance to gastrointestinal nematode infection in Scottish cashmere goats is a heritable phenomenon with a heritabililty estimate (0.37) similar to those of production traits for which selection has been successful. Over the early stages of the programme selection for enhanced resistance appears to have had no detrimental effect upon productivity.
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McClure, Michael A., and Mark E. Schmitt. "Control of Citrus Nematode with Cadusafos." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/220519.
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Granular (Rugby 10G) and liquid (Rugby 100ME) formulations of Cadusafos were evaluated for the control of Tvlenchulus semipenetrans on mature lemon trees in a commercial citrus orchard at Yuma, Arizona. Three applications of cadusafos, with two months between applications, at the rate of 2 g a.i. /m2 reduced nematode populations to undetectable levels and increased the yield and rate of fruit maturity of 'Rosenberger' lemons. Yields were increased 12,587 kg per hectare with Rugby 100ME and 8,392 kg per hectare with Rugby 10G. Nematode populations were suppressed for at least 12 months after the last application.
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Adhikari, Bishwo. "Genomic Analysis of Nematode-Environment Interaction." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2578.
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The natural environments of organisms present a multitude of biotic and abiotic challenges that require both short-term ecological and long-term evolutionary responses. Though most environmental response studies have focused on effects at the ecosystem, community and organismal levels, the ultimate controls of these responses are located in the genome of the organism. Soil nematodes are highly responsive to, and display a wide variety of responses to changing environmental conditions, making them ideal models for the study of organismal interactions with their environment. In an attempt to examine responses to environmental stress (desiccation and freezing), genomic level analyses of gene expression during anhydrobiosis of the Antarctic nematode Plectus murrayi was undertaken. An EST library representative of the desiccation induced transcripts was established and the transcripts differentially expressed during desiccation stress were identified. The expressed genome of P. murrayi showed that desiccation survival in nematodes involves differential expression of a suite of genes from diverse functional areas, and constitutive expression of a number of stress related genes. My study also revealed that exposure to slow desiccation and freezing plays an important role in the transcription of stress related genes, improves desiccation and freezing survival of nematodes. Deterioration of traits essential for biological control has been recognized in diverse biological control agents including insect pathogenic nematodes. I studied the genetic mechanisms behind such deterioration using expression profiling. My results showed that trait deterioration of insect pathogenic nematode induces substantial overall changes in the nematode transcriptome and exhibits a general pattern of metabolic shift causing massive changes in metabolic and other processes. Finally, through field observations and molecular laboratory experiments the validity of the growth rate hypothesis in natural populations of Antarctic nematodes was tested. My results indicated that elemental stoichiometry influences evolutionary adaptations in gene expression and genome evolution. My study, in addition to providing immediate insight into the mechanisms by which multicellular animals respond to their environment, is transformative in its potential to inform other fundamental ecological and evolutionary questions, such as the evolution of life-history patterns and the relationship between community structure and ecological function in ecosystems.
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Uzuele, Elvio Lorençato. "Eficácia do tratamento de sementes com o nematicida tioxazafen no controle dos nematoides Heterodera glycines, Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica, Pratylenchus brachyurus e P. zeae." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11135/tde-30092016-101926/.
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A soja, o milho e o algodão são as culturas de enorme importância econômica no Brasil, pois juntas ocupam grande parte da área agrícola no país. Além disso, essas culturas são essenciais no fornecimento de alimento e fibras para uma crescente população mundial. Vários fatores podem afetar a produção das mesmas, sendo que os nematoides anualmente causam bilhões de dólares de perdas. As principais técnicas disponíveis para o manejo dos nematoides são rotação de culturas, cultivares resistentes e nematicidas químicos. Apesar de o controle químico ser uma ferramenta viável, há poucos nematicidas disponíveis no Brasil. Como inovação entre os nematicidas, o tioxazafen é uma nova molécula de amplo espectro, desenvolvida para aplicação via tratamento de sementes, para o controle de nematoides nas culturas do milho, da soja e do algodão. Portanto, seu desenvolvimento e posterior registro poderão fornecer uma nova alternativa ao manejo integrado de nematoides aos produtores brasileiros. Assim, esse trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar a eficácia do nematicida tioxazafen, por meio do tratamento de sementes, no controle de Heterodera glycines, Meloidogyne javanica e Pratylenchus brachyurus na soja; M. incognita e P. zeae no milho; e M. incognita no algodão. Além disso, foram avaliados possíveis efeitos fitotóxicos do tratamento de sementes com tioxazafen nas mesmas culturas. Ensaios de casa de vegetação foram conduzidos para avaliação do efeito do tratamento de sementes na população de nematoides, em plantas artificialmente infestadas, bem como na massa de raízes e parte aérea das plantas. O tioxazafen demonstrou supressão substancial na população de nematoides em todas as espécies testadas nas três culturas, com atividade igual ou maior que à referência comercial (imidacloprido + tiodicarbe). As melhores doses observadas foram de 0,250 mg de tioxazafen por semente no controle de M. javanica e de P. brachyurus em soja, 0,500 mg por semente no controle de H. glycines na soja e de M. incognita no milho, 0,750 mg por semente no controle de M. incognita no algodão e 1,000 mg por semente no controle de P. zeae no milho. As plantas tratadas com tioxazafen não exibiram sintomas de fitotoxidez e desenvolveram biomassa similar às plantas não tratadas. Esses resultados mostram o potencial do tioxazafen em se tornar um efetivo tratamento de sementes para controle dos principais nematoides da soja, do milho e do algodão no Brasil,com baixos riscos de fitotoxidez.Corn, soybean and cotton crops are of great economic importance in Brazil. They together account for the greatest amount of planted area in country. These crops are essential for keeping and providing enough food and fiber for a growing world population. Many factors can affect the production of these crops, and the nematodes are among the most relevant, causing crop losses that reach into billions of dollars. The main techniques available for managing nematodes are crop rotation, resistant cultivars and chemical nematicides. Chemical control is one of the key tools, but there are only a few nematicides available in the Brazilian market. Tioxazafen is a novel nematicide for seed treatment designed to provide consistent broad-spectrum control of nematodes in corn, soy, and cotton. Therefore, the registration of this molecule will provide an important tool to Brazilian farmers that suffer losses due to nematodes. Thereby, the current trials aimed to evaluate the efficacy of tioxazafen through seed treatment to control Heterodera glycines, Meloidogyne javanica and Pratylenchus brachyurus in soybean; M. incognita and P. zeae in corn, and M. incognita in cotton. Furthermore, were evaluated if tioxazafen may cause phytotoxicity in these crops. Greenhouse experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of seed treatments on nematode population densities, and plant shoot and root weight. Tioxazafen demonstrated substantial suppression of nematode population to all species tested in three crops, with activity equaled or exceeded commercial standard nematode seed treatments (imidacloprid + thiodicarb). The best rates observed were 0.250 mg of tioxazafen per seed to control de M. javanica and P. brachyurus in soybean, 0.500 mg per seed to control H. glycines in soybean and M. incognita in corn, 0.750 mg per seed to control M. incognita in cotton and 1.000 mg per seed to control lesion P. zeae in corn. Tioxazafen treated plants also did not exhibit phytotoxicity and grow equally to untreated plants. These results demonstrated the potential of tioxazafen for the control of the main nematodes in soybean, corn and cotton, without the risk of phytotoxicity.
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Patel, Nrupali. "Functional Analyses of Cyst Nematode Parasitism Genes." NCSU, 2008. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-03102008-221413/.
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Cyst nematodes in the genus Heterodera are sedentary endoparasites that induce elaborate feeding cells within host roots by secreting proteins produced within nematode esophageal glands into plant cells. Functional analyses of selected cyst nematode parasitism genes that encode such secreted proteins was the objective of this dissertation. Homologs of four parasitism genes initially isolated from Heterodera glycines, including Hg4F01 (annexin-like protein), HgSYV46 (CLAVATA3-like plant peptide mimic), Hg4E02 and Hg5D08 (novel proteins with putative host nuclear localization) were isolated from Heterodera schachtii, which can infect Arabidopsis thaliana. Greater than 90% nucleotide and predicted amino acid identity existed between the four parasitism genes homologs of H. glycines and H. schachtii. mRNA in situ hybridization and immunolocalization confirmed the expression of each gene product exclusively within the nematode esophageal gland cells. Since eukaryotic annexins affect many cellular processes involving calcium-dependent membrane association, the potential function of the Hs4F01 secreted into plant cells was analyzed. Similar to annexin mutants in Arabidopsis, transgenic Arabidopsis expressing Hs4F01 produced no observable plant phenotype, but were more susceptible to nematode infection. Hypersensitivity to osmotic stress in an Arabidopsis annAt1 annexin mutant was reduced (complemented) in mutants that expressed Hs4F01, suggesting a functional similarity of nematode and plant annexins within plant cells. Host derived RNA interference (RNAi) to silence Hs4F01 transcripts significantly reduced the number of H. schachtii females developing on roots that express dsRNA to Hs4F01. Expression of Hs4E02 and Hs5D08 in Arabidopsis produced no observable plant phenotype and susceptibility to H. schachtii was not altered in plants that expressed Hs4E02. Silencing of HsSYV46 using host-derived RNAi demonstrated a significant reduction in the development of nematode females on Arabidopsis roots that expressed double-stranded RNA to HsSYV46. Expression of dsRNA to Hs4E02 and Hs5D08 in Arabidopsis roots did not affect nematode susceptibility. In summary, parasitism gene products confirmed to have cellular functions similar to their plant homologs, including Hs4F01 (annexin-like protein) and HsSYV46 (CLAVATA/ESR-like peptide) were demonstrated by RNAi to have a significant biological role in cyst nematode parasitism of host plant roots.
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Terrill, William Forrest. "Threshold chemosensitivity of the nematode caenorhabditis elegans." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25414.
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Humphreys, Neil E. "Intestinal nematode-induced inflammation; causes and consequences." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.495598.
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Cope, M. J. T. V. "Novel myosins in the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.597984.
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In recent years the bewildering diversity of myosin types and function has become apparent. Over ten different classes have been identified in a wide variety of organisms - ranging from protozoans to vertebrates and even higher plants. The intriguing question is - what do they all do? C. elegans, "the worm", is a relatively simple organism, both anatomically and genetically and has been studied extensively with respect to development, cell lineage and genetics. However only myosins of the conventional type (muscle or "class II" myosins) had been identified prior to the work described here. The first novel myosin from C. elegans has been cloned and fully sequenced. The predicted amino-acid sequence shows that this myosin contains the conserved motor or "head" domain responsible for actin-activated ATPase activity. This is followed by two motifs thought to be capable of interaction with members of the calmodulin class of Ca2+ binding proteins and a tail with a general positive charge. The sequence of the entire protein, along with expression and immunolocalisation pattern, suggests that it may be the nematode homologue of a recently discovered unconventional myosin from the rat, myr4. A multiple alignment of the 86 available conserved motor domain sequences has enabled the construction of an unrooted phylogenetic tree, which indicates that the myosins fall into 13 classes. C. elegans Myosin IA is a member of the class I myosins. The conservation of residues within this alignment has been explored further by scrutinising their position within the available myosin crystal structures. From this important residues involved in myosin function can be identified. Furthermore, the alignment allows the positioning of residues from myosins, whose structure is unknown, within the framework provided by the existing crystal structures - enabling, for example, the interpretation of existing mutations in unconventional myosins.
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Baker, Rachael Helen. "GTP-Cyclohydrolase function in parasitic nematode development." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6526.
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Parasitic nematodes of grazing livestock represent an increasing economic and welfare problem for British agriculture. By investigating specific life-cycle stages of these parasites, it may be possible to identify key molecules or pathways that are required for the survival of the worms, and thus exploit these for future control strategies. It has been shown previously that the third larval stages (L3) of the ovine parasitic nematode Teladorsagia circumcincta produce high levels of transcript for the enzyme GTP-Cyclohydrolase relative to later developmental stages. As the ratelimiting factor in the production of tetrahydrobiopterin, GTP-Cyclohydrolase is required for a number of different biochemical pathways, including those involved in the production of serotonin and melanin. As the L3 do not feed, it can be hypothesised that, if finite resources are being used in the production of transcript encoding this enzyme, then it may be important for survival. In this thesis, a number of approaches were taken to explore the function of GTPCyclohydrolase in the life-cycle development of T. circumcincta. The closely related parasite, Dictyocaulus viviparus, was used as a model organism to explore the role of GTP-Cyclohydrolase and serotonin production with regards to larval arrest, or hypobiosis. This process occurs readily under experimental conditions in D. viviparus, which is not possible with T. circumcincta. Quantitative PCR was used to examine GTP-Cyclohydrolase transcript levels in two different strains of D. viviparus, one that enters larval arrest when exposed to cold conditions and one that does not. No differences were observed between the two strains suggesting that GTP-Cyclohydrolase was unlikely to be involved in hypobiosis. The model nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, was used to perform functional complementation experiments to assess the role of GTP-Cyclohydrolase in the cuticle, as it has been shown previously that C. elegans GTP-Cyclohydrolase mutants have a ‘leaky cuticle’ and are killed by lower doses of anthelmintics and bleach than the wild-type worms. The T. circumcincta gene for GTP-Cyclohydrolase was able to restore cuticular integrity of C. elegans GTP-Cyclohydrolase-deletion mutants, suggesting that the role played by the protein in both species is similar. In vitro inhibition experiments using a chemical inhibitor of GTP-Cyclohydrolase showed that T. circumcincta larval development was disrupted in the presence of the inhibitor. It was also shown that T. circumcincta L3 that were exposed to sunlight produced melanin, suggesting that the levels of GTP-Cyclohydrolase observed in the preparasitic stages of T. circumcincta may be required for the synthesis of melanin. Together, these data suggest that GTP-Cyclohydrolase is required by the preparasitic stages to survive on pasture. Ultraviolet radiation has been shown previously to be harmful to T. circumcincta L3, so if the melanin production provides protection from this, then it would be crucial for the survival of the pre-parasitic stages.
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Moffett, C. L. "Structural and functional characterization of nematode neuropeptides." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390877.
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Morgan, Mari. "The biology of nematode-nematophagous fungus interactions." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338542.
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Griffiths, Gary. "Secretory acetylcholinesterase from the nematode T. colubrifirmis." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359927.
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McMahon, Laura Mary. "Epidermal function in the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297685.
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Crump, David Hammond. "Fungal parasites of the beet cyst-nematode." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/37667.
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Finney, Constance Ann Marjory. "Immunoregulatory T cell populations during nematode infections." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14852.
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We have found that a primary infection with the gastrointestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus elicits a potent CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell (Treg) population within a generalised TH2 environment. This indicates that long-lived nematode parasites may exploit the host regulatory network to suppress protective immunity. We followed the expansion of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells within the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and spleen over 70 days of infection. Over the time course, increased levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-13 and IL-10 were detected in both these sites by in vitro recall response to parasite antigen. In infected animals, Treg markers, such as surface bound TGF-β1 and CD103 were upregulated on CD4+CD25+ MLN cells. Surprisingly, however, Foxp3, a transcription factor necessary for Treg development and function, was not upregulated on CD4+CD25 + in infected animals. Additionally, we have demonstrated that this regulatory population has potent in vitro and in vivo suppressive activity. CD4+CD25+MLN cells from infected animals (day 28) can suppress mitogen-induced proliferation by both naïve and infected CD4+CD25- cells, whilst naïve CD4+CD25+MLN cells can only suppress naïve CD4+CD25- cells. Moreover, in a model of allergic airway inflammation, we observed that allergic inflammation was decreased in both infected animals and those cured of infection before airway challenge. Thus, infection is required to induce but not maintain this regulatory function. Finally, we found that concomitant H. polygyrus infection led to reduced expulsion of the related strongylid nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in co-infected hosts. Regulatory markers, CD103 and TGF-β1, as well as TH2 cytokines were elevated in co-infected animals as compared to those with a single N. brasiliensis infection. However, re-infection with H. polygyrus of both cured and infected animals led to significant decreases in worm burden, so although the regulatory network generated by this parasite can increase survival of other nematodes, it does not suppress immune responses to itself upon re-infection.
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Md, Isa Nur Mahiza. "Genetic resistance to nematode infection in Texel." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7197/.
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Nematode infection is one of the major causes of disease in young sheep. Selective breeding of genetically nematode resistant sheep is an alternative method for controlling the nematode infection. This process could be simplified if loci that account for nematode resistance can be identified. MHC is one of the candidates and several studies have confirmed the association between MHC alleles and nematode resistance. The aim of this study is to establish the role of MHC class II genes in nematode resistance in Texel sheep. Thus, it can help endorse the usefulness of the MHC class II genes as a genetic marker of nematode resistance and extend the knowledge of the mechanism of resistance against nematodes. This study has been focused on three main areas; 1) description of MHC class II gene diversity, 2) description of haplotype and linkage disequilibrium pattern at MHC class II genes and 3) the association of MHC class II genes and nematode resistance. Sequence-based typing was applied to characterise MHC class II allelic diversity in 235 Texel lambs. The haplotype and linkage disequilibrium patterns were deduced from pedigree information. Finally, the association between MHC class II haplotypes and nematode resistance (FEC and IgE activity against L3) were investigated using a MIXED model approach. MHC class IIa genes were diverse in Texel, consistent with previous studies reported in sheep. The most polymorphic locus among MHC class IIa genes was DRB1. A total of 21 distinct DR-DQ haplotypes were obtained and strong linkage disequilibrium exhibited between DR-DQ genes. There were also statistically significant associations of specific haplotypes and nematode resistance in this population. The work in this thesis confirms the likely importance of MHC genes in regulating resistance against gastrointestinal nematodes, thus supporting the use of MHC as a genetic marker of nematode resistance in selective breeding. Sequence-based typing system for MHC class IIa has been established in this study.
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Nigh, E. L. Jr. "Management of Rootknot Nematode in Arizona Cotton." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204865.
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Sheedy, Jason Glen. "Resistance to root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus thornei) in wild relatives of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Iranian landrace wheats /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18364.pdf.
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Briar, Shabeg Singh. "Nematodes as bioindicators of soil food web health in agroecosystems a critical analysis /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1173284523.
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Kirsch, Vanessa Graciela. "FITONEMATOIDES NA CULTURA DA SOJA: LEVANTAMENTO, CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE ESPÉCIES E REAÇÃO DE CULTIVARES A Meloidogyne spp." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4953.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThe soybean crop is among the crops that are most affected by the presence of nematodes, it is observed large losses in productivity each year. In view of this problem, this study aimed characterize and identify populations of nematodes present in soybean crops in the North, Northwest and South of the Rio Grande do Sul, with greater emphasis on Meloidogyne and Helicotylenchus genres, and evaluate the reaction of soybean cultivars to M. javanica, M. arenaria and M. morocciensis. The populations of Meloidogyne spp. obtained were characterized chemically by esterase (Est), and populations Helicotylenchus spp. were identified by morphometry. Subsequently, evaluated in a greenhouse the reaction of six soybean cultivars to three populations of M. javanica, M. arenaria and M. morocciensis. They identified six nematode genera associated with culture, Meloidogyne, Helicotylenchus, Tylenchus, Aphelenchus, Paratylenchus and Pratylenchus, it is identified 19 populations of Meloidogyne, comprising three species, M. javanica Est J3 (59%), M. arenaria Est A2 (12,5%) and M. morocciensis Est A3 (6,2%), and nineteen populations Helicotylenchus, comprising species H. dihystera (78%), H. multicinctus (11%) and H. pseudorobustus (11%). In assessing the reaction of soybean cultivars, BMX Ponta, BMX Potência RR, FPS Urano RR, BMX Turbo RR, TEC 6029 IPRO and Fundacep 58 RR, the populations of Meloidogyne it was found that the vegetative parameters plant height, number of branches, number of vegetables, chlorophyll content and fresh weight and shoot dry were not affected by the nematode presence. Among the cultivars tested most it was susceptible to nematode galls, regardless of the population of origin, as presented reproduction factor greater than 1 and galls index greater than 2. The cultivars BMX Ponta, BMX Potência RR, FPS Urano RR, TEC 6029 IPRO and Fundacep 58 RR were susceptible to all populations tested. The cultivar BMX Turbo RR showed resistance reaction ace populations of M. arenaria and M. morocciensis being, but susceptible populations of M. javanica.
A cultura da soja está entre as culturas que mais são afetadas pela presença de fitonematoides, sendo observadas grandes perdas em produtividade a cada ano. Tendo em vista este problema, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar e identificar as populações de nematoides presentes nas lavouras de soja das regiões Norte, Noroeste e Sul do Rio Grande do Sul, com maior ênfase nos gêneros Meloidogyne e Helicotylenchus, e, avaliar a reação de cultivares de soja a M. javanica, M. arenaria e M. morocciensis. As populações de Meloidogyne spp. obtidas foram caracterizadas bioquimicamente através da isoenzima esterase (Est), e, as populações de Helicotylenchus spp. foram identificadas através de morfometria. Posteriormente, avaliou-se em casa de vegetação a reação de seis cultivares de soja a três populações de M. javanica, uma de M. arenaria e uma de M. morocciensis. Foram identificados seis gêneros de fitonematoides associados à cultura, Meloidogyne, Helicotylenchus, Tylenchus, Aphelenchus, Paratylenchus e Pratylenchus, sendo identificadas 19 populações de Meloidogyne, compreendendo três espécies, M. javanica Est J3 (59%), M. arenaria Est A2 (12,5%) e M. morocciensis Est A3 (6,2%), e dezenove populações de Helicotylenchus, compreendendo as espécies H. dihystera (78%), H. multicinctus (11%) e H. pseudorobustus (11%). Na avaliação da reação das cultivares de soja, BMX Ponta, BMX Potência RR, FPS Urano RR, BMX Turbo RR, TEC 6029 IPRO e Fundacep 58 RR, às populações de Meloidogyne, verificou-se que os parâmetros vegetativos altura de planta, numero de ramificações, numero de legumes, teor de clorofila e massa fresca e seca da parte aérea não foram alterados pela presença do nematoide. Dentre os cultivares testados a maioria foi suscetível ao nematoide de galhas, independente da origem da população, pois apresentaram fator de reprodução maior que 1 e índice de galhas maior que 2. As cultivares BMX Ponta, BMX Potência RR, FPS Urano RR, TEC 6029 IPRO e Fundacep 58 RR foram suscetíveis a todas as populações testadas. A cultivar BMX Turbo RR demonstrou reação de resistência ás populações de M. arenaria e M. morocciensis, sendo, porém suscetível ás populações de M. javanica.
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Kubo, Roberto Kazuhiro 1960. "Ocorrência de Pratylenchus spp. em cafezais do Estado de São Paulo e efeito de Pratylenchus coffeae no crescimento e fotossíntese de Coffea arabica /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105435.
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Orientador: Mário Massayuki InomotoResumo: Amostras de solo e raízes foram coletadas em plantações de café no estado de São Paulo, com o objetivo de determinar a importância e a ocorrência dos nematóides das lesões na cultura do café. A espécie de Pratylenchus mais freqüente foi P. brachyurus (solo: 13,2 %; raízes: 18,3 %), mas geralmente em baixas densidades. O nematóide das lesões do café, P. coffeae, ocorreu em 5,1 % das amostras de raízes, mas em altas densidades e causando mais danos do que a primeira espécie. Outra espécie, P. vulnus, foi encontrada somente em uma localidade. Este é o primeiro relato de P. vulnus em café. Outros fitonematóides identificados nas amostras foram: Xiphinema brevicolle, Xiphinema sp., Paratrichodorus minor, Paratrichodorus sp., ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Soil and root samples were collected from coffee plantations in the state of São Paulo, in order to determine the occurrence and importance of lesion nematodes in coffee culture. The most frequent species of Pratylenchus was P. brachyurus (soil: 13,2 %; roots: 18,3 %), but generally in low densities. The coffee lesion nematode, P. coffeae, occurred in 5,1 % of root samples, but in higher densities and causing more damage than the former species. Other species, P. vulnus, was found in one single locality. This is the first report of P. vulnus on coffee. Other phytonematodes identified in the survey were: Xiphinema brevicolle, Xiphinema sp., Paratrichodorus minor, Paratrichodorus sp., Tylenchorhynchus sp., Helicotylenchus dihystera, H. californicus, H. erythrinae, Helicotylenchus sp., Scutellonema sp., Rotylenchulus reniformis, Meloidogyne exigua, M. incognita, M. coffeicola, Meloidogyne sp, Criconemella onoensis, C. ornata, C. sphaerocephala, Criconemella sp., Hemicriconemoides strictathecatus, and Paratylenchus sp. ...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Gouge, D. H., K. A. Smith, C. Payne, L. L. Lee, Berkum J. R. Van, and T. J. Henneberry. "Suppression of Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Cotton Using the Antomopathogenic Nematode Steinernema Riobravis (Cabanillas, Poinar, and Raulston) (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae)." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/211150.
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Cotton fields were treated with the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema riobravis, and Vydate® L for the control of plant parasitic nematodes. Short staple cotton grown near Coolidge, Arizona, was treated at a rate of 1 billion and 2 billion S. riobravis nematodes per acre, and 0.5 lb a.i. Vydate® L per acre. Untreated cotton received an application of water only. Treatments were applied through a subterranean drip system with 12 inch spaced outlets. Applications were made in the daily irrigation cycle of 0.33 inches of water, normal irrigation cycles followed Products were uniformly distributed over the treated fields. Entomopathogenic nematodes persisted throughout the 6 week experimental period at the 1 billion per acre rate. However, nematodes applied at 2 billion per acre rate disappeared rapidly. Populations of various plant parasitic nematode species were monitored subsequent to treatment application. Nematodes were extracted using a standard sugar flotation technique and counted in I ml slide samples. Both Meloidogyne incognita and Tylenchorhynchus spp. populations were reduced by S. riobravis applied at 1 billion per acre rate. Phytoparasitic nematodes were reduced following application of Vydate® L, but control was not sustained beyond one week.
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Laetsch, Dominik Robert. "On the evolution of effector gene families in potato cyst nematodes." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31244.
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Potato cyst nematodes (PCN) are economically relevant plant parasites that infect potato crops. The genomes of three PCN species are available and genome data have been generated for several populations of PCN, to address questions related to the molecular basis of plant parasitism. In this thesis, I employ approaches of comparative genomics to highlight differences and similarities between PCNs and other nematode species. I present two new software solutions to address challenges associated with the field of comparative genomics: BlobTools, a taxonomic interrogation toolkit for quality control of genome assemblies, and KinFin, a solution for the analysis of protein orthology data. I apply both software solutions to genomic datasets of nematodes, platyhelminths, and tardigrades. Based on KinFin analysis of plant parasitic nematodes, I identify protein families in PCNs likely to be involved in host-parasitic interaction, termed effectors, and discuss their functions. I highlight examples of horizontal gene transfer from bacteria to plant parasitic nematodes. Through genomic data of European and South American populations of PCNs, I address variation in populations, infer phylogenetic relationships, and try to estimate the effect of selection on effector genes identified through KinFin. Furthermore, I estimate the rate of variation across the reference genomes of two PCNs.
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Medrano, Jennifer Centurion. "Chemotactic Response of Lumbricus terrestris Coelomocytes to Larval and Adult Stages of Rhabditis pellio." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5507/.
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Experiments were performed to assess the suitability of Rhabditis pellio, a nematode found in earthworms, as a challenge organism for use in development of a biomarker assay to determine the potential of chemicals to suppress the immunocompetence of the non-specific immune system. To accomplish this goal, information on the life cycle of R. pellio was determined; including effects of incubation time and temperature on growth rates; along with information on the immune response elicited in the earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris. Immune parameters measured were coelomocyte migration toward and attachment to R. pellio larvae and adults. Preliminary background information showed that R. pellio has potential as a challenge organism for development of a biomarker assay.
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Bernardon, Fabiana Fedatto. "Helmintos de aves aquáticas (Pelecaniformes: Ardeidae) do sul do Brasil." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2013. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2321.
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Previous issue date: 2013-02-27The Ardeidae family is composed of more than 60 species, being one of the largest and most representative families of birds with characteristics adapted to wetlands. Rio Grande do Sul is characterized by presenting ecosystems which harbor a unique diversity of waders, where there is the record of 13 species of Ardeidae. Due to lack of information on the diversity of helminths in the Ardeidae family in Rio Grande do Sul, the work was developed with the goal of identifying the helminthfauna of nine species of Ardeidae and determine the parameters of prevalence, mean abundance and mean intensity. Were examined 30 birds of the Ardeidae family (Pelecaniformes), Ardea alba , Ardea cocoi, Butorides striata, Bubulcus ibis, Egretta thula, Ixobrychus involucris, Nycticorax nycticorax , Syrigma sibilatrix e Tigrisoma lineatum from the natural environment of the cities of Pelotas, Capão do Leão e Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. The birds were necropsied to collect helminths, prepared in accordance with the protocols used for each group and identified. As a result there was obtained species of Trematoda, Nematoda and Acanthocephala and their parasitological parameters as follow below: Trematoda: Digenea, Amphimerus interruptus (P=3,3%; AM=0,1; IM= 3,0), Apharyngostrigea ardearum (P=40%; AM=18,6; IM= 46,6), Ascocotyle sp. (P=33,3%; AM=88,4; IM= 265,3), Clinostomum complanatum (P=30%; AM=1,1; IM= 3,8), Episthmium proximum (P=23,3%; AM=1,0; IM=4,2), Ithyclinostomum dimorphum (P=6,6%; AM=0,1; IM=2,5), Nephrostomum limai (P=10%; AM= 0,3; IM=3,6), Ribeiroia insignis (P=10%; AM=2,8; IM=28,0 ) and Stomylotrema sp. (P=3,3%; AM=0,03; IM=1,0) belonging to eight families: Nematoda: Contracaecum microcephalum (P=80%; AM=15,1; IM=18,8), Desportesius invaginatus (P=43,3%; AM=2,76; IM=6,3), Desmidocercella ardeae (P=16,6%; AM=1,3; IM=8,0), Eustrongylides sp. (P=13,3%; AM=1,3; IM=10,2) and Baruscapillaria sp. (P=10%; AM=0,5; IM=5,0). Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus sp. (Echinorhynchidae) (P=3,33%; AM=0,03; IM=1,0), Andracantha sp. (P=33,3%; AM=15,2; IM=45,8), Arhythmorhynchus sp. (P=6,66%; AM=0,16; IM=2,5) and Polymorphus sp. (Plagiorhynchidae) (P=13,3%; AM=1,3; IM=10,2). Tigrisoma lineatum was the only negative for all groups Ixobrychus involucris was negative for the presence of Trematoda and Bubulcus ibis negative for acanthocephalans. The Trematoda, Nematoda and Acanthocephala mentioned above are for the first time recorded in the Ardeidae family in Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil, some of the hosts and their helminth characterizes first occurrence. We have found insulated proglottids of cestodes in small and large intestine in some birds, but could not identify them.
A família Ardeidae é composta por mais de 60 espécies sendo uma das maiores e mais representativas famílias de aves com características adaptadas às áreas úmidas. O Rio Grande do Sul caracteriza-se por apresentar ecossistemas que abrigam uma diversidade ímpar de aves pernaltas onde há o registro de 13 espécies de ardeídeos. Devido a escassez de informações sobre a diversidade de helmintos em Ardeidae no Rio Grande do Sul, desenvolveu-se o trabalho com o objetivo de identificar a helmintofauna de nove espécies de ardeídeos e determinar a os parâmetros de prevalência, abundância e intensidade médias. Foram examinados 30 aves. Ardea alba, Ardea cocoi, Butorides striata, Bubulcus ibis, Egretta thula, Ixobrychus involucris, Nycticorax nycticorax, Syrigma sibilatrix e Tigrisoma lineatum, provenientes de ambiente natural dos municípios de Pelotas, Capão do Leão e Rio Grande RS, Brasil. As aves foram necropsiadas para a coleta dos helmintos, preparadas de acordo com os protocolos utilizados para cada grupo e identificadas. Como resultado obteve-se espécies de trematódeos, nematóides e acantocéfalos e seus parâmetros parasitológicos como seguem a seguir: Trematoda: Digenea, Amphimerus interruptus (P=3,3%; AM=0,1 ;IM=3,0), Apharyngostrigea ardearum (P=40%; AM=18,6; IM= 46,6), Ascocotyle sp. (P=33,3%; AM=88,4; IM= 265,3), Clinostomum complanatum (P=30%; AM=1,1; IM=3,8), Episthmium proximum (P=23,3%; AM=1,0; IM=4,2), Ithyclinostomum dimorphum (P=6,6%; AM=0,1; IM=2,5), Nephrostomum limai (P=10%; AM= 0,3; IM=3,6), Ribeiroia insignis (P=10%; AM=2,8; IM=28,0) e Stomylotrema sp. (P=3,3%; AM=0,03; IM=1,0) pertencentes a oito famílias; Nematoda: Contracaecum microcephalum (P=80%; AM=15,1;IM=18,8),Desportesius invaginatus(P=43,3%; AM=2,76; IM=6,3), Desmidocercella ardeae (P=16,6%; AM=1,3; IM=8,0), Eustrongylides sp. (P=13,3%; AM=1,3; IM=10,2) e Baruscapillaria sp. (P=10%; AM=0,5; IM=5,0). Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus sp. (Echinorhynchidae) (P=3,33%; AM=0,03; IM=1,0), Andracantha sp. (P=33,3%; AM=15,2; IM=45,8), Arhythmorhynchus sp. (P=6,66%; AM=0,16; IM=2,5) e Polymorphus sp. (Plagiorhynchidae) (P=13,3%; AM=1,3; IM=10,2). Tigrisoma lineatum foi o único ardeídeo negativo para todos os grupos, enquanto que Ixobrychus involucris quanto à presença de trematódeos e Bubulcus ibis quanto à presença de acantocéfalos. Os trematódeos, nematóides e acantocéfalos citados anteriormente são pela primeira vez registrados em ardeídos no Rio Grande do Sul. No Brasil, alguns dos hospedeiros e respectivos helmintos constituem primeira ocorrência. Foram encontradas proglotes isoladas de cestóides no intestino delgado e grosso em algumas aves, porém não foi possível identificá-las.
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Maile, Kgahliso Desmond. "Responses of Tylenchulus Semipenetrans to crude extracts of indiginous cucumis fruits with and without effective micro-organisms in citrus production." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1323.
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Thesis (M.Agric. (Horiticulture)) --Unversity of Limpopo, 2013The ground leaching technology (GLT) system, using crude extracts of wild cucumber (Cucumis myriocarpus) and wild watermelon (Cucumis africanus) fruits, had been widely researched and developed in management of the root-knot (Meloidogyne species) nematodes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) production. In the GLT system, experiments were harvested at 56 days after inoculation with nematodes, which was approximately three generations of Meloidogyne species. Also, studies in GLT systems demonstrated that effective micro-organisms (EM) were not essential in the release of chemicals from crude extracts for nematode suppression, with suggestions that the system exclusively relied upon irrigation or rainwater for leaching out chemicals. However, the system had hardly been tested on other nematode species with longer life cycles and crops. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of crude extracts of C. myriocarpus (cucurbitacin A-containing phytonematicide) and C. africanus (cucurbitacin B-containing phytonematicide) with and without EM on suppression of population densities of the citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) on rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri) over three generations of the nematode. Two studies, one on C. myriocarpus and the other on C. africanus, with and without EM, were conducted separately using the GLT system under greenhouse conditions with three generations of T. semipenetrans as the standard of application interval of the materials. Citrus seedlings were transplanted in 7-L plastic pots contain 6.5-L pasteurised river sand and Hygromix (3:1 v/v) and inoculated with approximately 25 000 second-stage juveniles (J2s) in 2 × 2 × 2 factorial experiment, where treatments were arranged in a randomised complete block design (RCBD), with six replications. At 150 days after treatment, nematode and plant variables were collected and subjected to factorial analysis of variance. Under C. myriocarpus (Cm), EM × Cm interaction was not significant for nematodes (juveniles + eggs) in roots and juveniles in soil, while under C. africanus (Ca), EM × Ca interaction was highly significant for nematodes, but not for juveniles. Crude extracts of C. myriocarpus and C. africanus fruits contributed 21-36% and 38-59% to total treatment variation in nematodes, respectively. Relative to untreated control, crude extracts of C. myriocarpus fruit reduced nematodes by 22% in roots, but increased juveniles in soil by 93%. Similarly, C. africanus fruit reduced nematodes in roots by 80%, but increased juveniles in soil by 178%. The increase of juveniles in the soil was explained on the basis of opposing forces on nematode population densities under crude extracts of Cucumis and untreated control, along with the inherent nature of cyclic population growth in plant-parasitic nematodes. In plant variables, certain significant (P ≤ 0.05) interactions consistently occurred under both Cucumis species. However, effects of the interactions were not consistent under the two Cucumis species. In most of the variables, the non-significant effects of EM × Cm interactions supported the view that the GLT systems were independent of microbial activities, while significant (P ≤ 0.05) EM × Ca interactions suggested that the systems under C. africanus fruit could be viewed as being dependent upon microbial degradation activities. Growth of rough lemon rootstock was, to a certain extent, suppressed by application of crude extracts from Cucumis fruits, suggesting that the material were phytotoxic to this citrus rootstock. Under low nematode population densities, T. semipenetrans infection supported the view that nematode numbers below the damage threshold levels have stimulatory effects on growth of plants as observed in plant height under conditions of this study. In conclusion, the approximately three nematode-generation-application interval of 150 days for crude extracts of fruits in Cucumis species was rather too long for the efficacies of the materials on suppression of the population densities of T. semipenetrans in rough lemon seedlings. Consequently, shorter application intervals, as demonstrated for Meloidogyne species would be appropriate, although caution has to be taken to ensure that phytotoxicity to the rootstock was avoided.
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Alves, Gleina Costa Silva [UNESP]. "Potencial in vitro de rizobactérias para o controle de nematóides-chave da cana-de-açúcar, dinâmica populacional e manejo de Pratylenchus zeae." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91369.
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No Brasil os nematóides-chave da cana-de-açúcar são Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica e Pratylenchus zeae. Dentre as práticas de manejo o controle biológico é uma alternativa importante para as grandes culturas. Assim o objetivo deste trabalho foi, realizar um estudo da dinâmica de população de P. zeae em área de cultivo de cana-de-açúcar, no período de março a novembro de 2009. avaliar in vitro a ação de 21 isolados de rizobactérias sobre a eclosão e motilidade de juvenis de segundo estádio (J2) de M. incognita, M. javanica e sobre a motilidade de formas ativas de P. zeae e avaliar em campo, a influência do plantio na linha e na entrelinha com nematicidas sintéticos e um isolado bacteriano sobre a população de P. zeae. Os isolados bacterianos FCAV 6, FCAV 8 e FCAV 10 apresentaram ação ovicida para M. javanica. Os isolados FCAV 5, FCAV 7 e Bacillus amyloliquefaciens mostraram-se promissores no controle biológico de P.zeae. No campo o tratamento com rizobactéria FCAV 9 + adubo organomineral se mostrou superior aos demais em relação número de perfilhos. Estes resultados confirmam a potencialidade das rizobactérias para o controle de nematóides
In Brazil, Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica and Pratylenchus zeae are key nematodes sugar cane. Among management practices for decreasing nematode infestation, biological control is an important alternative for the major crops. So, the objective was to carry a study of population dynamics of P. zeae area in sugar cane in growing, to evaluate the in vitro the action of 21 isolates of rhizobacteria on hatching and motility of second stage juveniles (J2) of M. incognita, M. javanica and on the motility of active forms of P. zeae and to assess in the field, the influence of planting in lines and rows with synthetic nematicides and a bacterial isolate on the population of P. zeae. The bacterial isolates FCAV 6, FCAV 8 and FCAV 10 showed ovicidal action for M. javanica. Isolate C116 showed promise for the control of J2 of M. javanica. Isolates FCAV 5, FCAV 7 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens have shown promise for the biological control of P.zeae. In the treatments 5 (Isolate FCAV 9 in the rows) and 6 (Isolate FCAV 9 between rows), were superior to others for the biometric analysis. These results confirm the potential of rhizobacteria for control of nematodes
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Bružaitė, Birutė. "Baltojo gūžinio kopūsto veislių atsparumo runkeliniam nematodui (Heterodera schachtii Schmidt., 1871) tyrimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130621_110408-40135.
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Magistrantūros studijų baigiamajame darbe pateikiami baltojo gūžinio kopūsto veislių atsparumo runkeliniam nematodui (Heterodera schachtii Schmidt, 1871) tyrimų in vitro ir in vivo sąlygomis rezultatai.
Darbo objektas – in vivo ir in vitro sąlygomis išauginti baltųjų gūžinių kopūstų daigai, užkrėsti runkelinio nematodo (Heterodera schachtii Schmidt, 1871) cistomis.
Darbo metodai: įvairių veislių gūžinio kopūsto veislių atsparumas in vitro sąlygomis atliktas įterpiant runkelinio nematodo cistas prie augalo šaknų (Feyaerts, Coosemans, 1992; Jalali, 1998; Soliman et al., 2005). Prieš įterpimą cistos buvo sterilizuotos 0,05 % HgCl2 tirpalu, laikant jas tirpale 3 min, po to tris kartus nuplaunant steriliu distiliuotu vandeniu (Müller, 1978; Feyaerts, Coosemans, 1992; Jalali, 1998).
In vivo sąlygomis kopūstų daigai taip pat užkrėsti įterpiant prie augalo šaknų runkelinio nematodo cistas. Iš augalo šaknų nematodai buvo išskirti modifikuotu piltuvėliniu Bermano metodu kambario temperatūroje esant 2 parų ekspozicijai naudojantis binokuliaru MБC – 1 (Zuckerman ir kt., 1985; Šlepetienė, 1981). Augalų atsparumo vertinimas atliekamas nustatant naujos kartos patelių/cistų, rastų ant šaknų sistemos, skaičių (Harrewijn, 1987; Lelivelt, 1995; Voss et al., 1999; Cook, Noel, 2002).
Darbo rezultatai. Baltojo gūžinio kopūsto veislės 'Jetma F1', 'Amager Kurzsturnking', 'Zora', 'Brunswick', 'Kamienna Glowa' ir 'Golden Acre' yra tinkamos H. schachtii plitimui, kaip augalai šeimininkai. Tiek in... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The master work presents the results of white cabbage variety resistance for sugar beet nematode (Heterodera schachtii Schmidt., 1871) in vivo and in vitro conditions. Object of the work – In vivo and in vitro conditions grown white head cabbage seedlings infected by sugar beet nematode (Heterodera schachtii Schmidt., 1871) cysts. Method of the work – different varieties of cabbages species resistance in vitro is performed by inserting sugar beet cyst nematode to the plant roots (Feyaerts, Coosemans, 1992; Jalali, 1998, Soliman et al., 2005). Prior to insertion of cysts were sterilized 0.05% HgCl2 solution, keeping them in a solution of 3 min, followed by rinsing three times with sterile distilled water (Muller, 1978; Feyaerts, Coosemans, 1992; Jalali, 1998). In vivo cabbage seedlings are also infected with the insertion of the plant's root cyst nematode. The plant's root nematodes were identified by Berman modified funnel method at room temperature for 2 days of exposure using binoculars MБC - 1 (Zuckerman et al., 1985; Slepetiene, 1981). Plant resistance assessment in identifying the next generation of females / cysts found on the root system (Harrewijn, 1987; Lelivelt, 1995, Voss et al., 1999; Cook, Noel, 2002). The results of work. White Cabbages cultivar 'Jetma F1', 'Amager Kurzsturnking', 'Zora', 'Brunswick', 'Kamienna Glowa' and 'Golden Acre' is suitable for (Heterodera schachtii Schmidt, 1871) spread as host plants. Both in vitro and in vivo conditions found that... [to full text]
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BARROS, Patrícia Ângelo de. "Variabilidade espacial de atributos químicos e biológicos do solo sob cultivo de cana-de-açúcar." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2010. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5662.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
Sugarcane cropping plays an important economic and social role in Northeastern Brazil, being productivity associated to many agricultural and environment factors. The sugarcane harvest operations and stillage application affect diversity and soil biota distribution. On the other hand, high populations of plant parasitic nematodes present additional indication of poor ecosystem health. Considering there is little information on biodynamic under agroecosystem management, this study aimed to i)characterize the structure and spatial dependence of nematodes (Meloidogyne spp. + Pratylenchus zeae) in North Mata of Pernambuco, for three periods: 30 days before the sugarcane cut, 10 days after cutting (30 days before stillage application) and 50 days after cutting (10 days after stillage application) and ii) characterize the structure and magnitude of spatial dependence these nematodes and soil chemical properties under sugarcane cultivation 30 days before crop cutting. To meet the first objective it was used a regular sampling design in 60×50 m-grid, with points 10-m spaced, collecting samples at 0-0.5 m-depth. The spatial distribution of nematodes was evaluated using semivariograms and ordinary kriging for mapping nematode density in the sampling periods. For the second objective it was used the same sampling design collecting samples at 0,20 – 0,30 m depth. Spatial distribution of the variables Ca, CTC, MO, pH, SB, V% and nematodes was evaluated using semivariograms and adjustments by ordinary Kriging interpolation for mapping. All variables evaluated presented spatial dependency. The MO, V% and nematodes (Meloidogyne spp. + P. zeae) adjusted to spherical model, CTC and SB to exponential model, and Ca and pH to gaussian model. Data indicated that classical statistic can be used to analyze Meloidogyne spp. + P. zeae samples collected far than 17 m. Stillage application decreased the number of aggregates and the nematode population density. In contrast to OM, increases on Ca, CTC, SB, V% and pH favored increments on nematode population density. The maps allowed visualizing the nematode variability pattern constituting an useful tool for defining management strategies and recovery of infested areas.
A cana-de-açúcar desempenha importante papel sócio-econômico para região nordeste, estando sua produtividade associada a diversos fatores agrícolas e ambientais. As operações de colheita da cana-de-açúcar e a fertirrigação com vinhaça afetam a diversidade e distribuição da biota do solo. Por outro lado, em sistemas agrícolas a presença de altas populações de fitonematóides é indicação de ecossistema frágil. Considerando que existem poucos trabalhos sobre a biodinâmica decorrente do manejo de agroecossistemas, o presente estudo teve como objetivos: i) caracterizar a estrutura e a dependência espacial de nematóides (Meloidogyne spp. + Pratylenchus zeae) na Mata Norte de Pernambuco em três períodos: 30 dias antes do corte da cana-de-açúcar; 10 dias após o corte (30 dias antes da aplicação da vinhaça) e 50 dias após o corte da cana (10 dias após aplicação da vinhaça) e ii) caracterizar a estrutura e a magnitude da dependência espacial desses nematóides e dos atributos químicos do solo e suas correlações, na Mata Norte de Pernambuco, 30 dias antes do corte da cana-de-açúcar. Para alcançar o primeiro objetivo utilizou-se sistema de amostragem em malha regular de 60×50 m, com espaçamento de 10 m, coletando amostras na profundidade de 0-0,5 m. A distribuição espacial dos nematóides foi avaliada por meio de ajustes de semivariogramas e realizada interpolação por krigagem ordinária para mapeamento das populações encontradas nos períodos amostrados. Para o segundo objetivo, utilizou-se o mesmo sistema de amostragem, coletando-se amostras na profundidade de 0,20 - 0,30 m. A distribuição espacial das variáveis Ca, CTC, MO, pH, SB, V% e nematóides foi avaliada por meio de ajustes de semivariogramas e realizada interpolação por krigagem ordinária para mapeamento. Todas as variáveis estudadas apresentaram dependência espacial. A distribuição da MO, V% e nematóides (Meloidogyne spp. + P. zeae) obedeceu a modelo esférico, CTC e SB a modelo exponencial e Ca e pH a modelo gaussiano. Os dados indicaram que a estatística clássica poderá ser aplicada para coleta de amostras de Meloidogyne spp. + P. zeae em distâncias superiores a 17 m. A aplicação de vinhaça reduziu o número de agregados e a densidade populacional do nematóide. Ao contrário da MO, aumento nas concentrações de Ca, CTC, SB, V% e pH favoreceram incrementos nas densidades populacionais dos nematóides. Os mapas permitiram visualizar o padrão de variabilidade dos nematóides, constituindo-se em útil ferramenta para a definição de estratégias de manejo e recuperação de áreas infestadas.
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LIMA, Marilene Maria de. "Estudo de fatores do aspecto sanitário em relação à infecção por parasitos gastrintestinais em caprinos e ovinos no estado de Pernambuco - Brasil." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2007. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5757.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
The aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of sanitary aspects in the infection for gastrointestinal parasites in goats and sheep in the State of Pernambuco. The occurrence of anthelminthic resistance was evaluated in six properties of goat creations from municipal districts of the Zona da Mata, Agreste and Sertão, and five sheep properties located in the Metropolitan Area of Recife, Zona da Mata and Agreste. The effectiveness of the products was evaluated by the fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) and calculated by the formula: % Effectiveness = 1 -[(medium EPG after treatment / medium EPG before the treatment)] x 100, indicating inefficacy with smaller index than 90%. Another study take place, as part of the Sheep and Goat Health Program for Pernambuco State - Brazil, developed by the Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - Department of Veterinary Medicine, in partnership with the Secretaria de Produção e Reforma Agrária of the State and the city hall of four municipal districts from the Semi-arid Zone of Pajeú, to verify the infection indexes for gastrointestinal parasites in goat and sheep flocks by means of fecal egg (FEC) and oocyst counts (FOC) and larval culture, besides the investigation of the association between the frequency of gastrointestinal parasites and factors related to the hygienic-sanitary and productive management in those properties, realizing the counting of eggs (EPG) and oocysts (OPG) per gram of feces and applying an investigative questionnaire to knowledge of the sanitary profile of the properties. Moxidectina 1% presented effectiveness in both goats and sheep flocks. Ivermectina was shown effective just in the sheep flocks. The results obtained with albendazole indicated resistance in goat as in sheep. In properties of Semi-arid Zone of Pajeú, 931 fecal samples were analyzed of goat, being obtained positivity of 68.10% (634/931) for Strongyloidea type eggs, 3.65% (34/931) for Trichuris sp., 2.15% (20/931) for Moniezia sp., and 25.35% (236/931) for oocysts of Eimeria spp. From sheep 847 samples were analyzed, of these 59.03% (500/847), 2.36% (20/847), 2.48% (21/847), and 22.20% (188/847) were positive for Strongyloidea type eggs, Trichuris sp., Moniezia spp. and Eimeria spp. respectively. Haemonchus sp. predominated in larval culture following by Trichostrongylus and Oesophagostomum in goats as in sheep. Among the factors of the management told by the owners, the most important association was with the infection for helminths in goats, mainly for the exploration type, isolation of the sick animals, separation for category, types of facilities, sources of water and death of animals as clinical sign. In sheep herds, only the isolation of sick animals presented significant association with the frequency of infection for helminths. The association of the factors of the management with the infection frequency for Eimeria spp. in goats was significant for creation system, exploration type, isolation of the sick animals, separation for category, types of facilities, sources of water and clinical signs as diarrhea, anemia and death of animals. For the infection for Eimeria spp. in sheep it was verified significant association with creation system, exploration type, veterinary attendance and types of facilities. It was observed that the positivity to the parasitism was higher when certain handling practices were used with which a reduction of the infection indexes would be expected, even in some cases in that it was not statistical significance, denoting inadequacy of he practices of sanitary handling adopted, mainly due to the frequencies of parasitism obtained for goats and sheep, especially for helminths.
Objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar a importância de aspectos sanitários na infecção por parasitos gastrintestinais em caprinos e ovinos no estado de Pernambuco. Avaliou-se a ocorrência de resistência anti-helmíntica em seis propriedades de criação caprina de municípios da mesorregião da Zona da Mata, Agreste e Sertão, e cinco propriedades de criação ovina localizadas na Região Metropolitana de Recife, Zona da Mata e Agreste. A eficácia dos produtos foi avaliada pelo teste de redução do número de ovos por grama de fezes e calculada pela fórmula: % Eficácia = 1- [(OPG médio pós-tratamento / OPG médio antes do tratamento)] x 100, indicando ineficácia com índice menor que 90%. Como parte do Programa de Sanidade Caprinovinocultura para Pernambuco, desenvolvido pela Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, em parceria com a Secretaria de Produção e Reforma Agrária do Estado e prefeituras de quatros municípios do Sertão do Pajeú realizou-se estudo para verificar os índices de infecção por parasitos gastrintestinais em rebanhos caprinos e ovinos pelos métodos de OPG, OoPG e coprocultura, além da investigação da associação entre a freqüência de parasitos gastrintestinais e fatores relacionados ao manejo higiênico-sanitário e produtivo nessas propriedades, em inquérito coproparasitológico (OPG e OoPG) e inquérito epidemiológico com a aplicação de questionário investigativo com o objetivo de conhecer o perfil sanitário das propriedades. A moxidectina 1% apresentou percentuais indicativos de eficácia tanto nos rebanhos caprinos quanto nos ovinos onde foi testada, a ivermectina mostrou-se eficaz apenas nos rebanhos ovinos, e os resultados obtidos com albendazole indicaram resistência em ambos os hospedeiros. Em propriedades do Sertão do Pajeú, foram analisadas 931 amostras fecais de caprinos, obtendo-se um percentual de positividade de 68,10% (634/931) para ovos tipo Strongyloidea, 3,65%(34/931), para Trichuris sp., 2,15%(20/931) para Moniezia spp., e 25,35% (236/931) para oocistos de Eimeria spp. . No rebanho ovino foram analisadas 847 amostras de fezes, destas 59,03% (500/847), 2,36% (20/847), 2,48% (21/847), 22,20% (188/847) foram positivas para ovos tipo Strongyloidea, Trichuris sp., Moniezia spp. e Eimeria spp. respectivamente. Os nematóides predominantes foram os do gênero Haemonchus, seguido de Trichostrongylus e Oesophagostomum tanto em caprinos quanto em ovinos. Dentre os fatores do manejo relatados pelos proprietários, a associação mais importante verificada foi com a infecção por helmintos em caprinos, principalmente para o tipo de exploração, isolamento dos animais doentes, separação por categoria, tipos de instalações, fontes de água e morte de animais como sinal clínico, diferentemente dos ovinos em que apenas o isolamento dos animais apresentou associação significativa com a freqüência de infecção por helmintos. A associação dos fatores do manejo com a freqüência de infecção por Eimeria spp. em caprinos foi significativa para sistema de criação, tipo de exploração, isolamento dos animais doentes, separação por categoria, tipos de instalações, fontes de água e sinais clínicos como diarréia, anemia e morte de animais. Para a infecção por Eimeria spp. em ovinos ocorreu associação significativa com sistema de criação, tipo de exploração, assistência veterinária e tipos de instalações. Observou-se que a positividade ao parasitismo foi maior quando eram utilizadas certas práticas de manejo com as quais se esperaria uma redução dos índices de infecção, mesmo em alguns casos em que não se obteve significância, denotando inadequação das práticas de manejo sanitário adotadas, principalmente devido aos percentuais de parasitismo obtidos para caprinos e ovinos, especialmente para helmintos.