Journal articles: 'Neighbourhood disadvantage'

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Walsan, Ramya, Darren J. Mayne, Xiaoqi Feng, Nagesh Pai, and Andrew Bonney. "Examining the Association between Neighbourhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Type 2 Diabetes Comorbidity in Serious Mental Illness." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 20 (October 15, 2019): 3905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203905.

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This study examined the association between neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage and serious mental illness (SMI)–type 2 diabetes (T2D) comorbidity in an Australian population using routinely collected clinical data. We hypothesised that neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage is positively associated with T2D comorbidity in SMI. The analysis considered 3816 individuals with an SMI living in the Illawarra and Shoalhaven regions of NSW, Australia, between 2010 and 2017. Multilevel logistic regression models accounting for suburb (neighbourhood) level clustering were used to assess the association between neighbourhood disadvantage and SMI -T2D comorbidity. Models were adjusted for age, sex, and country of birth. Compared with the most advantaged neighbourhoods, residents in the most disadvantaged neighbourhoods had 3.2 times greater odds of having SMI–T2D comorbidity even after controlling for confounding factors (OR 3.20, 95% CI 1.42–7.20). The analysis also revealed significant geographic variation in the distribution of SMI -T2D comorbidity in our sample (Median Odds Ratio = 1.35) Neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage accounted for approximately 17.3% of this geographic variation. These findings indicate a potentially important role for geographically targeted initiatives designed to enhance prevention and management of SMI–T2D comorbidity in disadvantaged communities.

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Vogel, Matt, Evelien M. Hoeben, and Wim Bernasco. "Nearby Neighbourhood Influences on Adolescent Offending." British Journal of Criminology 61, no. 1 (October 13, 2020): 228–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azaa069.

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Abstract This study extends recent research on the spatial dynamics of neighbourhood disadvantage and youth offending. Data include self-reported offences from 794 Dutch adolescents and the socio-economic status in their residential neighbourhood and the surrounding community. The findings reveal that youth engage in the highest levels of offending when they reside in disadvantaged neighbourhoods surrounded by neighbourhoods characterized by relative affluence. This spatial pattern is attributable to greater temptations to offend, reduced parental monitoring, and more frequent involvement in unstructured activities among youths who live in close proximity to neighbourhoods more affluent than their own. This study highlights the importance of criminogenic opportunities and parental monitoring for understanding the spatial dynamics of neighbourhood disadvantage on offending.

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Carroll, Suzanne J., Michael J. Dale, and Gavin Turrell. "Neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage and body size in Australia’s capital cities: The contribution of obesogenic environments." PLOS ONE 18, no. 1 (January 20, 2023): e0280223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280223.

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Residents of socioeconomically disadvantaged neighbourhoods have higher rates of overweight and obesity and chronic disease than their counterparts from advantaged neighbourhoods. This study assessed whether associations between neighbourhood disadvantage and measured body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference, are accounted for by obesogenic environments (i.e., residential distance to the Central Business District [CBD], supermarket availability, access to walkable destinations). The study used 2017–18 National Health Survey data for working-aged adults (aged ≥18 years, n = 9,367) residing in 3,454 neighbourhoods across Australia’s state and territory capital cities. In five of eight cities (i.e., Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide, and Perth) residents of disadvantaged neighbourhoods had significantly higher BMI and a larger waist circumference than residents of more advantaged areas. There was no association between neighbourhood disadvantage and body size in Hobart, Darwin, and Canberra. Associations between neighbourhood disadvantage and body size were partially explained by neighbourhood differences in distance to the CBD but not supermarket availability or walkable amenities. The results of this study point to the role of urban design and city planning as mechanisms for addressing social and economic inequities in Australia’s capital cities, and as solutions to this country’s overweight and obesity epidemic and associated rising rates of chronic disease.

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Halonen, Jaana I., Anna Pulakka, Jaana Pentti, Minna Kallio, Sofia Koskela, Mika Kivimäki, Ichiro Kawachi, Jussi Vahtera, and Sari Stenholm. "Cross-sectional associations of neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage and greenness with accelerometer-measured leisure-time physical activity in a cohort of ageing workers." BMJ Open 10, no. 8 (August 2020): e038673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038673.

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ObjectiveNeighbourhood characteristics may affect the level of physical activity (PA) of the residents. Few studies have examined the combined effects of distinctive neighbourhood characteristics on PA using objective data or differentiated between activity during working or non-working days. We examined the associations of socioeconomic disadvantage and greenness with accelerometer-measured leisure-time PA during working and non-working days.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingFinnish Retirement and Aging (FIREA) study.Participants708 workers (604 women, mean age 62.4 ranging from 58 to 64 years,) participating in the FIREA study who provided PA measurement data for at least 1 working and non-working day.Primary and secondary outcomesPA was measured with wrist-worn accelerometer on average of 4 working and 2 non-working days. Outcomes were total PA, light PA (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). These measurements were linked to data on neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage and greenness within the home neighbourhood (750×750 m). Generalised linear models were adjusted for possible confounders.ResultsOn non-working days, higher neighbourhood disadvantage associated with lower levels of total PA (p value=0.07) and higher level of neighbourhood greenness associated with higher level of total PA (p value=0.04). Neighbourhood disadvantage and greenness had an interaction (p value=0.02); in areas of low disadvantage higher greenness did not associate with the level of total PA. However, in areas of high disadvantage, 2 SD higher greenness associated with 46 min/day (95% CI 8.4 to 85) higher total PA. Slightly stronger interaction was observed for LPA (p=0.03) than for the MVPA (p=0.09). During working days, there were no associations between neighbourhood characteristics and leisure-time total PA.ConclusionsOf the disadvantaged neighbourhoods, those characterised by high levels of greenness seem to associate with higher levels of leisure-time PA during non-working days. These findings suggest that efforts to add greenness to socioeconomically disadvantaged neighbourhoods might reduce inequalities in PA.

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Goldstein, Rise B., Awapuhi K. Lee, Denise L. Haynie, Jeremy W. Luk, Brian J. Fairman, Danping Liu, Jacob S. Jeffers, Bruce G. Simons-Morton, and Stephen E. Gilman. "Neighbourhood disadvantage and depressive symptoms among adolescents followed into emerging adulthood." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 73, no. 7 (March 30, 2019): 590–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2018-212004.

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BackgroundResidents of disadvantaged neighbourhoods report higher levels of depressive symptoms; however, few studies have employed prospective designs during adolescence, when depression tends to emerge. We examined associations of neighbourhood social fragmentation, income inequality and median household income with depressive symptoms in a nationally representative survey of adolescents.MethodsThe NEXT Generation Health Study enrolled 10th-grade students from 81 US high schools in the 2009–2010 school year. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Modified Depression Scale (wave 1) and the paediatric Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (waves 2–6). Neighbourhood characteristics at waves 1, 3, 4, and 5 were measured at the census tract level using geolinked data from the American Community Survey 5-year estimates. We used linear mixed models to relate neighbourhood disadvantage to depressive symptoms controlling for neighbourhood and individual sociodemographic factors.ResultsNone of the models demonstrated evidence for associations of social fragmentation, income inequality or median household income with depressive symptoms.ConclusionDespite the prospective design, repeated measures and nationally representative sample, we detected no association between neighbourhood disadvantage and depressive symptoms. This association may not exist or may be too small to detect in a geographically dispersed sample. Given the public health significance of neighbourhood effects, future research should examine the developmental timing of neighbourhood effects across a wider range of ages than in the current sample, consider both objective and subjective measures of neighbourhood conditions, and use spatially informative techniques that account for conditions of nearby neighbourhoods.

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Drukker, Marjan, Nicole Gunther, and Jim van Os. "Disentangling associations between poverty at various levels of aggregation and mental health." Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale 16, no. 1 (March 2007): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00004541.

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AbstractThe present editorial discusses whether socioeconomic status of the individual and of the neighbourhood could be important in prevalence, treatment and prevention of psychiatric morbidity. Previous research showed that patients diagnosed with mental disorders are concentrated in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas. This could be the result of (1) an association between individual socioeconomic status and mental health, (2) an association between neighbourhood socioeconomic status and mental health, or (3) social selection. Research disentangling associations between individual and neighbourhood socioeconomic status on the one hand and mental health outcomes on the other, reported that neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage was associated with individual mental health over and above individual-level socioeconomic status, indicating deleterious effects for all inhabitants both poor and affluent. In conclusion, subjective mental health outcomes showed stronger evidence for an effect of neighbourhood socioeconomic status than research focussing on treated incidence. Within the group of patients, however, service use was higher in patients living in disadvantaged neighbourhoods. Social capital was identified as one of the mechanisms whereby neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage may become associated with observed reductions in mental health. After controlling for individual socioeconomic status, there is evidence for an association between neighbourhood socioeconomic status and objective as well as subjective mental health in adults. Evidence for such an association in young children is even stronger.

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de Vuijst, Elise, Maarten van Ham, and Reinout Kleinhans. "The moderating effect of higher education on the intergenerational transmission of residing in poverty neighbourhoods." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 49, no. 9 (June 22, 2017): 2135–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x17715638.

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It is well-known that socioeconomic outcomes and (dis)advantage over the life course can be transmitted from parent to child. It is increasingly suggested that these intergenerational effects also have a spatial dimension, although empirical research into this topic remains scarce. Previous research from Sweden and the United States shows that children who grow up in disadvantaged neighbourhoods experience long-term exposure to such neighbourhoods in their adult lives. This study contributes to the literature by examining to what extent educational attainment can break the link between parental neighbourhood disadvantage and the neighbourhood experiences of children as adults up to 12 years after leaving the parental home. We use longitudinal register data from the Netherlands to study a complete cohort of parental home leavers, covering 119,167 individuals who were followed from 1999 to 2012. Using sequence analyses as a visualisation method, and multilevel logit models, we demonstrate that children who lived in deprived neighbourhoods with their parents are more likely to live in similar neighbourhoods later in life than children who grew up in more affluent neighbourhoods. We find that intergenerational neighbourhood patterns of disadvantage can be discontinued when individuals attain higher education over time. Discontinuation is however less prevalent among individuals from ethnic minority groups.

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Kemppainen, Teemu, and Perttu Saarsalmi. "Perceived social disorder in suburban housing estates in the Helsinki region: a contextual analysis." Finnish Journal of Social Research 8 (December 15, 2015): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.51815/fjsr.110732.

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Deindustrialisation has severely hit Finnish suburban housing estates of the 1960s and 1970s, and socio-economic differences between neighbourhoods have increased. The social disorganisation theory suggests that neighbourhood disadvantage is a risk factor for problems related to social order. This article compares perceptions of social disorder in suburban housing estates compared to other kinds of neighbourhood. Perceived social disorder appears to be most common in the suburban housing estates built in the 1960s and 1970s, somewhat less common in other high-rise neighbourhoods, and clearly least common in low-rise areas. Neighbourhood disadvantage predicts perceived social disorder, which partly explains these differences.

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Meng, Yunliang, Sulaimon Giwa, and Uzo Anucha. "Is There Racial Discrimination in Police Stop-and-Searches of Black Youth? A Toronto Case Study." Canadian Journal of Family and Youth / Le Journal Canadien de Famille et de la Jeunesse 7, no. 1 (March 15, 2015): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cjfy24300.

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Our study investigated racial profiling of Black youth in Toronto and linked this racial profiling to urban disadvantage theory, which highlights neighbourhood-level processes. Our findings provide empirical evidence suggesting that because of racial profiling, Black youth are subject to disproportionately more stops for gun-, traffic-, drug-, and suspicious activity-related reasons. Moreover, they show that drug-related stop-and-searches of Black youth occur most excessively in neighbourhoods where more White people reside and are less disadvantaged, demonstrating that race-and-place profiling of Black youth exists in police stop-and-search practices. This study shows that the theoretical literature in sociology on neighbourhood characteristics can contribute to an understanding of the relationship between race and police stops in the context of neighbourhood. It also discusses the negative impact of racial profiling on Black youth.

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Meng, Yunliang, Sulaimon Giwa, and Uzo Anucha. "Is There Racial Discrimination in Police Stop-and-Searches of Black Youth? A Toronto Case Study." Canadian Journal of Family and Youth / Le Journal Canadien de Famille et de la Jeunesse 7, no. 1 (March 15, 2015): 115–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cjfy24301.

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Our study investigated racial profiling of Black youth in Toronto and linked this racial profiling to urban disadvantage theory, which highlights neighbourhood-level processes. Our findings provide empirical evidence suggesting that because of racial profiling, Black youth are subject to disproportionately more stops for gun-, traffic-, drug-, and suspicious activity-related reasons. Moreover, they show that drug-related stop-and-searches of Black youth occur most excessively in neighbourhoods where more White people reside and are less disadvantaged, demonstrating that race-and-place profiling of Black youth exists in police stop-and-search practices. This study shows that the theoretical literature in sociology on neighbourhood characteristics can contribute to an understanding of the relationship between race and police stops in the context of neighbourhood. It also discusses the negative impact of racial profiling on Black youth.

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Kemppainen, Teemu, Marko Elovainio, Matti Kortteinen, and Mari Vaattovaara. "Involuntary staying and self-rated health: A multilevel study on housing, health and neighbourhood effects." Urban Studies 57, no. 5 (March 27, 2019): 1049–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098019827521.

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Involuntary staying, or a desire to move without the possibility to do so, is an under-studied topic. In this study, we examine involuntary staying among the residents of post-Second World War Finnish housing estates; we study its frequency, association with self-rated health and role in the relationship between neighbourhood disadvantage and self-rated health. Involuntary staying and poor health are expected to be associated through long-term stress related to housing and health-based selection in inconvenient housing outcomes. Furthermore, we address the self-perceived reasons for involuntary staying and the interaction between involuntary staying and household income. Two types of involuntary staying are distinguished, depending on whether a resident wants to move within or away from the current neighbourhood. The survey data ( n = 7369) from a stratified cluster sample of the residents of 70 Finnish housing estate neighbourhoods are combined with the corresponding geo-referenced register data on these neighbourhoods’ sociodemographic characteristics. Of the residents, 35% are found to be involuntary stayers, and over half of the involuntary stayers want to move away from their current neighbourhoods. Financial concern is the most common self-perceived reason for involuntary staying. Both types of involuntary staying are associated with low self-rated health after adjusting for potential confounders. Being trapped in the current neighbourhood partially mediates the adjusted association between neighbourhood disadvantage and self-rated health. The association between self-rated health and involuntary staying is not modified by household income. In conclusion, involuntary staying is common in the study population and furthers the understanding about neighbourhood inequalities in health.

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Ghani, Fatima, Jerome N. Rachele, Venurs HY Loh, Simon Washington, and Gavin Turrell. "Do Differences in Social Environments Explain Gender Differences in Recreational Walking across Neighbourhoods?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 11 (June 4, 2019): 1980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16111980.

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Within a city, gender differences in walking for recreation (WfR) vary significantly across neighbourhoods, although the reasons remain unknown. This cross-sectional study investigated the contribution of the social environment (SE) to explaining such variation, using 2009 data from the How Areas in Brisbane Influence healTh and AcTivity (HABITAT) study, including 7866 residents aged 42–67 years within 200 neighbourhoods in Brisbane, Australia (72.6% response rate). The analytical sample comprised 200 neighbourhoods and 6643 participants (mean 33 per neighbourhood, range 8–99, 95% CI 30.6–35.8). Self-reported weekly minutes of WfR were categorised into 0 and 1–840 mins. The SE was conceptualised through neighbourhood-level perceptions of social cohesion, incivilities and safety from crime. Analyses included multilevel binomial logistic regression with gender as main predictor, adjusting for age, socioeconomic position, residential self-selection and neighbourhood disadvantage. On average, women walked more for recreation than men prior to adjustment for covariates. Gender differences in WfR varied significantly across neighbourhoods, and the magnitude of the variation for women was twice that of men. The SE did not explain neighbourhood differences in the gender–WfR relationship, nor the between-neighbourhood variation in WfR for men or women. Neighbourhood-level factors seem to influence the WfR of men and women differently, with women being more sensitive to their environment, although Brisbane’s SE did not seem such a factor.

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Fairman, Brian J., Risë B. Goldstein, Bruce G. Simons-Morton, Denise L. Haynie, Danping Liu, Ralph W. Hingson, and Stephen E. Gilman. "Neighbourhood context and binge drinking from adolescence into early adulthood in a US national cohort." International Journal of Epidemiology 49, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz133.

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Abstract Background Underage binge drinking is a serious health concern that is likely influenced by the neighbourhood environment. However, longitudinal evidence has been limited and few studies have examined time-varying neighbourhood factors and demographic subgroup variation. Methods We investigated neighbourhood influences and binge drinking in a national cohort of US 10th grade students at four times (2010–2014; n = 2745). We estimated odds ratios (OR) for past 30-day binge drinking associated with neighbourhood disadvantage, personal and property crime (quartiles), and number of liquor, beer and wine stores within 5 km, and then evaluated whether neighbourhood associations differ by age, sex and race/ethnicity. Results Neighbourhood disadvantage was associated with binge drinking before 18 [OR = 1.54; 95% confidence interval (1.14, 2.08)], but not after 18 years of age. Property crime in neighbourhoods was associated with a higher odds of binge drinking [OR = 1.54 (0.96, 2.45)], an association that was stronger in early adulthood [4th vs 1st quartile: OR = 1.77 (1.04, 3.03)] and among Whites [4th vs 1st quartile: OR = 2.46 (1.03, 5.90)]. Higher density of liquor stores predicted binge drinking among Blacks [1–10 stores vs none: OR = 4.31 (1.50, 12.36)] whereas higher density of beer/wine stores predicted binge drinking among Whites [one vs none for beer: OR = 2.21 (1.06, 4.60); for wine: OR = 2.04 (1.04, 4.03)]. Conclusions Neighbourhood conditions, particularly those related to economic circumstances, crime and alcohol outlet density, were related to binge drinking among young adults, but associations varied across age and individual characteristics.

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Rachele, Jerome N., Lisa Wood, Andrea Nathan, Katrina Giskes, and Gavin Turrell. "Neighbourhood disadvantage and smoking: Examining the role of neighbourhood-level psychosocial characteristics." Health & Place 40 (July 2016): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.04.012.

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Murray, Chris. "New aspects of socio-economic and professional integration of young unemployed: The generation at a disadvantage." Queensland Journal of Guidance and Counselling 1 (October 1987): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1030316200000364.

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This paper investigates the effects of factors which socially disadvantage the young unemployed. Studies on school and work experiences of disadvantaged youth make it clear there is no single problem of a cycle of disadvantage. Factors such as chances at birth, house and neighbourhood, family circumstances, ill-health and physical development, and school experience and parental interest, crucially influence the process of growing up. The author questions what happens to the needs of the individual when unemployment causes a sudden change in the individual's habitual social structure.

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Williams, Lauren K., Lukar Thornton, David Crawford, and Kylie Ball. "Perceived quality and availability of fruit and vegetables are associated with perceptions of fruit and vegetable affordability among socio-economically disadvantaged women." Public Health Nutrition 15, no. 7 (January 10, 2012): 1262–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980011003417.

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AbstractObjectivePerceptions that fruit and vegetables are expensive have been found to be associated with lower consumption of fruit and vegetables among disadvantaged women; however, the determinants of these perceptions are relatively unknown. The purpose of the current paper is to examine whether perceived availability and quality of fruit and vegetables, and social support for healthy eating, are associated with perceptions of fruit and vegetable affordability among women residing in disadvantaged neighbourhoods.DesignCross-sectional self-report survey.SettingThe study was conducted in Melbourne, Australia.SubjectsAn Australian sample of 4131 women, aged 18–45 years, residing in neighbourhoods ranked in the lowest Victorian tertile of relative disadvantage by the Australian Bureau of Statistics, an index that considers aspects of disadvantage such as residents’ income, education, motor vehicle access and employment.ResultsResults showed that irrespective of education, income and other key covariates, women who perceived poor availability and quality of fruit and vegetables in their local neighbourhood were more likely to perceive fruit and vegetables as expensive.ConclusionsOur results suggest that perceptions of fruit and vegetable affordability are not driven exclusively by lack of financial or knowledge-related resources, but also by women's psychological response and interpretation of their local nutrition environment.

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Hallum, Shirelle H., S. Morgan Hughey, Marilyn E. Wende, Ellen W. Stowe, and Andrew T. Kaczynski. "Healthy and unhealthy food environments are linked with neighbourhood socio-economic disadvantage: an innovative geospatial approach to understanding food access inequities." Public Health Nutrition 23, no. 17 (August 12, 2020): 3190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980020002104.

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AbstractObjective:This study examined the separate relationships between socio-economic disadvantage and the density of multiple types of food outlets, and relationships between socio-economic disadvantage and composite food environment indices.Design:Cross-sectional data were analysed using geospatial kernel density techniques. Food outlet data included convenience stores, discount stores, fast-food and fast casual restaurants, and grocery stores. Controlling for urbanicity and race/ethnicity, multivariate linear regression was used to examine the relationships between socio-economic disadvantage and density of food outlets.Setting:This study occurred in a large Southeastern US county containing 255 census block groups with a total population of 474 266, of which 77·1 % was Non-Hispanic White, the median household income was $48 886 and 15·0 % of residents lived below 125 % of the federal poverty line.Participants:The unit of analysis was block groups; all data about neighbourhood socio-economic disadvantage and food outlets were publicly available.Results:As block group socio-economic disadvantage increased, so too did access to all types of food outlets. The total food environment index, calculated as the ratio of unhealthy food outlets to all food outlets, decreased as block group disadvantage increased.Conclusions:Those who reside in more disadvantaged block groups have greater access to both healthy and unhealthy food outlets. The density of unhealthy establishments was greater in more disadvantaged areas; however, because of having greater access to grocery stores, disadvantaged populations have less obesogenic total food environments. Structural changes are needed to reduce access to unhealthy food outlets to ensure environmental injustice and reduce obesity risk.

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Owens, Ann, and Jennifer Candipan. "Social and spatial inequalities of educational opportunity: A portrait of schools serving high- and low-income neighbourhoods in US metropolitan areas." Urban Studies 56, no. 15 (February 14, 2019): 3178–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098018815049.

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Neighbourhoods and schools are both important contexts for children’s wellbeing. While often posited, little evidence documents inequalities in schools serving high- and low-income neighbourhoods. In this article, we use geospatial techniques to combine five administrative data sets to examine the characteristics of local public schools serving high- and low-income neighbourhoods in US metropolitan areas in 2013–2014. We find that high-income neighbourhoods are served by schools with greater social, financial, and instructional resources and greater student achievement than schools serving low-income neighbourhoods. Moreover, when metropolitan neighbourhoods are highly segregated by income, these inequalities are exacerbated. Our results demonstrate the link between neighbourhood and school disadvantage, with implications for policymakers concerned about social mobility and inequality.

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Tong, Hongmei, Daniel, W. L. Lai, and Lun Li. "LONG-TERM POVERTY, SPATIAL DISADVANTAGE, AND MULTIPLE EXCLUSIONS IN LATER LIFE: A CASE IN SHANGHAI." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1402.

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Abstract Objectives: This study aimed to examine the associations among three types of cumulative disadvantages: long term poverty, spatial disadvantage, and multiple exclusions using a Cumulative dis/advantage (CDA) and life course perspective. Method: A sample of 419 Chinese adults aged 60 and older from three communities in Shanghai completed a structured questionnaire. Multiple exclusions were measured by variables related to material resources, housing conditions, social relations, civic activities, basic services, and neighbourhood factors. Hierarchical regression was implemented by SPSS 25 and moderation analysis was performed with the SPSS macro PROCESS from Hayes (2013). Results: 39% of respondents reported that they experienced multiple exclusions and one in five respondents report often or most time living in poverty. Regression analysis indicated that experience long-term poverty and length of living in the same neighbourhood is positively associated with multiple exclusions in later life and these associations are not attenuated by demographics, and health factors. But, moderation analysis showed the length of living in the same neighbourhood has significant moderating effect on the relationship between long term poverty and multiple exclusions, particularly for older adults living in the same neighbourhood for more than 30 years. Discussion: The study findings illustrate the need to consider not only life course risks such as long-term poverty but also spatial disadvantages in addressing multiple social exclusions among older Chinese adults.

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Kemppainen, Teemu, Timo M. Kauppinen, Mats Stjernberg, and Reijo Sund. "Tenure structure and perceived social disorder in post-WWII suburban housing estates: A multi-level study with a representative sample of estates." Acta Sociologica 61, no. 3 (May 2, 2017): 246–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0001699317699052.

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Studies on post-World War II housing estates have largely focused on problematic neighbourhoods, and there is a scarcity of literature on housing estates across their entire social scale. Moreover, there is insufficient evidence on the extent to which tenure structure differentiates estates from each other in terms of social disorder. Using a large cluster sample of Finnish estates representing a wide variety of estate neighbourhoods, we examined the implications of tenure structure in terms of social disadvantage and perceived social disorder. We also studied how social interaction and normative regulation mediate the impact of structural estate characteristics. We found that rental domination is associated with social disadvantage, which exposes residents to social disorder, in line with social disorganisation theory. Differences in normative regulation partly explain this association. In contrast, social interaction in the neighbourhood is not associated with the level of perceived social disorder. The theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed.

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Punch, Michael. "Book review: Social Housing, Disadvantage, and Neighbourhood Liveability: Ten Years of Change in Social Housing Neighbourhoods." Urban Studies 52, no. 16 (September 28, 2015): 3187–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098015604994.

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Halonen, Jaana I., Jussi Vahtera, Mika Kivimäki, Jaana Pentti, Ichiro Kawachi, and S. V. Subramanian. "Adverse experiences in childhood, adulthood neighbourhood disadvantage and health behaviours." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 68, no. 8 (April 24, 2014): 741–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2013-203441.

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Jones, Demelza, Pam Lowe, and Karen West. "Austerity in a disadvantaged West Midlands neighbourhood: Everyday experiences of families and family support professionals." Critical Social Policy 40, no. 3 (April 4, 2019): 389–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261018319840923.

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This article examines everyday effects of austerity in Kingshurst – a disadvantaged urban neighbourhood in the West Midlands. It draws on qualitative data gathered from local families with children, and public and third sector professionals working in the area in family support services. While some of the issues raised are common to other disadvantaged communities across the UK, we recognise that austerity is experienced in specific socio-spatial contexts: in this case, Kingshurst’s circumstance of deprivation within a local authority borough that (as a whole) is above averagely affluent. This shaped the ways that residents and professionals framed the disadvantage they encountered in their everyday lives and work, in particular strengthening understandings of austerity as unfairly and unevenly experienced on the bases of geography and social class, and highlighting territorial stigma towards the neighbourhood by professionals and decision-makers which impeded residents’ engagement with the family support services available to them locally.

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Piza, Eric, Shun Feng, Leslie Kennedy, and Joel Caplan. "Place-based correlates of Motor Vehicle Theft and Recovery: Measuring spatial influence across neighbourhood context." Urban Studies 54, no. 13 (August 24, 2016): 2998–3021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098016664299.

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Social scientists have long shown great interest in the spatial correlates of crime patterns. A subset of the literature has focused on how micro-level spatial factors influence the formation of crime hot spots. At the same time, tangential research has highlighted how neighbourhood disadvantage influences crime occurrence. The current study focuses on the intersection of these perspectives through a spatial analysis of Motor Vehicle Theft (MVT) and Motor Vehicle Recovery (MVR) in Colorado Springs, CO. We begin by conducting a Risk Terrain Modelling analysis to identify spatial risk factors significantly related to MVT and MVR occurrence. We then test whether the spatial influences of the criminogenic risk factors differ across traditional measures of neighbourhood disadvantage. Findings suggest that while a citywide effect is evident for multiple risk factors, their spatial influence on crime significantly varies across neighbourhood contexts.

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Pauwels, Lieven. "Adolescent Offending and the Segregation of Poverty in Urban Neighbourhoods and Schools: An Assessment of Contextual Effects from the Standpoint of Situational Action Theory." Urban Studies Research 2011 (November 22, 2011): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/659768.

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Contextual research on adolescent offending is primarily based on the idea that residential areas provide a major ecological setting that (indirectly) shapes observed differences in adolescent offending. The social disorganisation/collective efficacy perspective has tried to explain why structural disadvantage of residential areas affects residents' involvement in offending. On the other hand, contextual research has also been conducted within the school setting. This separate contextual approach is problematic as it does not reflect the reality of adolescents' lives. Adolescents are exposed to different ecological settings. They are also exposed to many other settings that may provide opportunities to offend, as outlined in the situational action theory (SAT) of crime causation. This study contributes to the literature on the urban context of offending in three ways. First, the effects of adolescents' residential neighbourhood and school context on adolescent offending are assessed simultaneously. Second, this study elaborates on SAT from a cross-level point of view. Third, this contribution makes use of non-hierarchical multilevel modelling, which is a statistically correct method of testing hypotheses that involve multiple contexts. Our study revealed the existence of small contextual effects of school-level disadvantage, whereas the effect of neighbourhood-level disadvantage is entirely due to neighbourhood composition.

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Rajeswaran, Dargine. "Prioritized: That ghetto dude from Malvern." Journal of Critical Race Inquiry 5, no. 1 (February 16, 2018): 50–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/jcri.v5i1.6378.

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Malvern, a neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, was turned into a designated area for affordable housing during its transformation into a modern community in the late 20thcentury. Any positive connotation that was once attached to ‘affordable housing’ as an idyllic space for hard-working residents quickly disappeared, however, and Malvern has repeatedly been labeled one of Toronto’s most dangerous neighbourhoods, in dire need of improvement. In this essay, I borrow from Omi and Winant (2015) to argue that the neighbourhood of Malvern is a racial project – that is, Malvern’s representations assign meaning to race, created not only through racist and classist planning, but also through the ways that Malvern is shared in the larger public, through media representations of Malvern, and the complex experiences and realities of its residents. Populated almost entirely by visible minorities, the mapping of criminal deviance alongside racialized individuals has ensured that Malvern and its residents continue to be marred by stigma and stereotypes, leaving residents feeling conflicted with internalized and arguably perverse understandings of themselves, and without the necessary support that disadvantaged neighbourhoods should receive. Today, Malvern is the product of purposeful, structural violence, with the people of Malvern perceived as lacking the civility to maintain the ideal space that was created for them. Using the work of Henri Lefebvre, this paper provides a detailed analysis of the way that Malvern was conceived and perceived to exist and the way that it continues to be lived as a racial project. Malvern, like other inner-city neighbourhoods in North America, has remained at a disadvantage since its inception. In this essay, I explore how the perception of Malvern came to be and how first-hand experiences within Malvern’s borders differ from those which are negatively portrayed in the media.

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Bentley, Rebecca, and Emma Baker. "Placing a housing lens on neighbourhood disadvantage, socioeconomic position and mortality." Lancet Public Health 7, no. 5 (May 2022): e396-e397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(22)00086-x.

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Bentley, Rebecca, and Emma Baker. "Placing a housing lens on neighbourhood disadvantage, socioeconomic position and mortality." Lancet Public Health 7, no. 5 (May 2022): e396-e397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(22)00086-x.

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Bentley, Rebecca, and Emma Baker. "Placing a housing lens on neighbourhood disadvantage, socioeconomic position and mortality." Lancet Public Health 7, no. 5 (May 2022): e396-e397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(22)00086-x.

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Storr, C. L. ""Unequal opportunity": neighbourhood disadvantage and the chance to buy illegal drugs." Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 58, no. 3 (March 1, 2004): 231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.2003.007575.

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Hedman, Lina, David Manley, Maarten van Ham, and John Östh. "Cumulative exposure to disadvantage and the intergenerational transmission of neighbourhood effects." Journal of Economic Geography 15, no. 1 (December 17, 2013): 195–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbt042.

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Lucas, Jennifer A., Miguel Marino, Katie Fankhauser, Andrew Bazemore, Sophia Giebultowicz, Stuart Cowburn, Jorge Kaufmann, David Ezekiel-Herrera, and John Heintzman. "Role of social deprivation on asthma care quality among a cohort of children in US community health centres." BMJ Open 11, no. 6 (June 2021): e045131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045131.

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ObjectiveSocial deprivation is associated with worse asthma outcomes. The Social Deprivation Index is a composite measure of social determinants of health used to identify neighbourhood-level disadvantage in healthcare. Our objective was to determine if higher neighbourhood-level social deprivation is associated with documented asthma care quality measures among children treated at community health centres (CHCs).Methods (setting, participants, outcome measures)We used data from CHCs in 15 states in the Accelerating Data Value Across a National Community Health Center Network (ADVANCE). The sample included 34 266 children with asthma from 2008 to 2017, aged 3–17 living in neighbourhoods with differing levels of social deprivation measured using quartiles of the Social Deprivation Index score. We conducted logistic regression to examine the odds of problem list documentation of asthma and asthma severity, and negative binomial regression for rates of albuterol, inhaled steroid and oral steroid prescription adjusted for patient-level covariates.ResultsChildren from the most deprived neighbourhoods had increased rates of albuterol (rate ratio (RR)=1.22, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.32) compared with those in the least deprived neighbourhoods, while the point estimate for inhaled steroids was higher, but fell just short of significance at the alpha=0.05 level (RR=1.16, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.34). We did not observe community-level differences in problem list documentation of asthma or asthma severity.ConclusionsHigher neighbourhood-level social deprivation was associated with more albuterol and inhaled steroid prescriptions among children with asthma, while problem list documentation of asthma and asthma severity varied little across neighbourhoods with differing deprivation scores. While the homogeneity of the CHC safety net setting studied may mitigate variation in diagnosis and documentation of asthma, enhanced clinician awareness of differences in community risk could help target paediatric patients at risk of lower quality asthma care.

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Prior, Lucy. "Allostatic Load and Exposure Histories of Disadvantage." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14 (July 6, 2021): 7222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147222.

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The stress pathway posits that those in disadvantaged circumstances are exposed to a higher degree of stressful experiences over time resulting in an accumulated biological burden which subsequently relates to poorer health. Trajectories of disadvantage, in the form of neighbourhood deprivation and structural social capital, are evaluated in their relation to allostatic load representing the cumulative “wear and tear” of chronic stress. This paper uses data from the British Household Panel Survey and Understanding Society in a latent class growth analysis. We identify groups of exposure trajectories over time using these classes to predict allostatic load at the final wave. The results show that persistent exposure to higher deprivation is related to worse allostatic load. High structural social capital over time relates to lower allostatic load, in line with a stress buffering effect, though this relationship is not robust to controlling for individual sociodemographic characteristics. By demonstrating a gradient in allostatic load by histories of deprivation, this analysis supports a biological embedding of disadvantage through chronic exposure to stressful environments as an explanation for social health inequalities.

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Feuillet, Thierry, Julie Bulteau, and Sophie Dantan. "Modelling context-specific relationships between neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage and private car use." Journal of Transport Geography 93 (May 2021): 103060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2021.103060.

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Lamb, K. E., K. Ball, N. Andrianopoulos, C. Costa, N. Cutumisu, A. Ellaway, C. Kamphuis, et al. "Associations between Neighbourhood Disadvantage and Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in Seven Countries." International Journal of Epidemiology 44, suppl_1 (September 23, 2015): i134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyv096.136.

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Schneiders, J. "Neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage and behavioural problems from late childhood into early adolescence." Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 57, no. 9 (September 1, 2003): 699–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.57.9.699.

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Frndak, Seth, Yanina Gallo, Elena Quierolo, Gabriel Barg, Nelly Mañay, and Katarzyna Kordas. "Neighbourhood disadvantage and child behaviour in Montevideo, Uruguay: a mixed methods study." Lancet Global Health 8 (April 2020): S5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30146-7.

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Barnes, Jacqueline, Jay Belsky, Kate A. Broomfield, and Edward Melhuish. "Neighbourhood deprivation, school disorder and academic achievement in primary schools in deprived communities in England." International Journal of Behavioral Development 30, no. 2 (March 2006): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025406063585.

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There is growing concern about violent behaviour in schools, involving students, staff and/or parents. A survey of 1777 primary schools (for children aged 5 to 11) throughout England, most in areas of social and economic deprivation, found more disorder in neighbourhoods with greater deprivation. More disorder was also observed when there was more school-level disadvantage (e.g. students receiving free meals), larger school size and more children in need of special education services. Despite difficulties in drawing causal inferences from correlational data, the fact that more disorder significantly predicted lower school achievement for students at 7 and 11 in standardized English, mathematics and science assessments even once school characteristics and neighbourhood deprivation were taken into account is judged noteworthy. Potential confounding factors are considered in the discussion.

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Kennedy-Turner, Kathleen, Lisa A. Serbin, Dale M. Stack, Daniel J. Dickson, Jane E. Ledingham, and Alex E. Schwartzman. "Prevention of Criminal Offending: The Intervening and Protective Effects of Education for Aggressive Youth." British Journal of Criminology 60, no. 3 (August 6, 2019): 537–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azz053.

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Abstract Children from poor neighbourhoods showing early aggressive behaviour are at risk for criminal offending. The role of education as a mediator, neighbourhood disadvantage and aggression as moderators for criminal offending were examined in a lower-income, community sample (n = 3,521; 48% males), across a 40-year period from childhood to mid-adulthood. Educational attainment accounted for 15–59% of the effect from childhood risk factors. Aggression was found to be a moderator such that aggressive children with low education had the highest odds of criminal offending. A protective effect was found where aggressive children who managed to obtain more education had reduced odds of offending. Research conceptualizing education as a ‘control’ variable does not address its role in the processes leading to criminal offending.

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McIntyre, Jason, Anam Elahi, Cameron Latham, Helen Mullholland, Alina Haines-Delmont, Pooja Saini, and Peter J. Taylor. "Does neighbourhood identification buffer against the effects of socioeconomic disadvantage on self-harm?" Journal of Affective Disorders 294 (November 2021): 857–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.07.103.

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Xu, Li, Anne H. Gauthier, and Lisa Strohschein. "Why are some Children Left Out? Factors Barring Canadian Children from Participating in Extracurricular Activities." Canadian Studies in Population 36, no. 3-4 (December 31, 2009): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.25336/p6cw3h.

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Using three waves of data from the Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, this study examines the impact of child, family and community level characteristics on children’s participation in extracurricular activities between the ages of 4 and 9 (n=2,289). Results show a large positive effect of family income on children’s participation in structured activities. Living in a poor neighbourhood constitutes an extra disadvantage for children's participation in organized sport activities. Our study also identifies a positive association between parent’s education and children’s participation in most activities, and a negative association between family size and some structured activities. Furthermore, children of immigrants, as well as children of visible minority and aboriginal children were found to be disadvantaged in their participation in some activities.

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Forbes-Mewett, Helen, and Rebecca Wickes. "The neighbourhood context of crime against international students." Journal of Sociology 54, no. 4 (November 6, 2017): 609–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783317739696.

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Stark differences exist between the support and accommodation provision for tertiary students across the UK, the US and Australia. Within this framework, this study provides insights into the neighbourhood contexts where offences against Indian international students took place in the western suburbs of Melbourne. Shaped by ideas associated with social disorganisation and resource threat theories, we suggest that the concentration of large numbers of international students without adequate supports in areas characterised by high levels of disadvantage, ethnic diversity and high levels of crime contributed to the victimisation of international students. The study aims to help better understand how the neighbourhood context influences hate crime more broadly and specifically examines the neighbourhood context of international student victimisation. The study is designed to provide a nuanced understanding of the circumstances leading to attacks against international students and contributes to the international student safety and hate crime victimisation literature.

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Arthurson, Kathy. "A Review of “Social housing disadvantage and neighbourhood liveability: ten years of change in social housing neighbourhoods”, Edited by Michelle Norris." International Journal of Housing Policy 14, no. 4 (October 2, 2014): 444–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616718.2014.967910.

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Sud, Maneesh, Dennis T. Ko, and Douglas S. Lee. "Dissecting the Effects of Neighbourhood-Level Measures of Social Disadvantage After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention." Canadian Journal of Cardiology 38, no. 1 (January 2022): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2021.11.004.

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Schaefer, Lacey, and Lorraine Mazerolle. "Predicting perceptions of crime: Community residents’ recognition and classification of local crime problems." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 51, no. 2 (July 26, 2017): 183–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004865817721590.

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In the scholarship of crime prevention, little is understood regarding the prompts for individual observation and classification of local crime problems. Moreover, studies that evaluate individuals’ perceptions of crime tend to emphasise the risk of victimisation rather than the probability of crime controller behaviour. In order to predict whether and how a community resident combats neighbourhood crime and disorder, we first require a greater understanding of how individuals recognise and categorise those same neighbourhood phenomena. To explore these processes, the current project uses large-scale multilevel survey data from the Australian Community Capacity Study to test the predictive influence of individual characteristics, local social processes, and suburb features on a resident’s identification and categorisation of minor, moderate, and major neighbourhood crime problems. Results indicate that lived experiences with prior victimisation and interactions with the police, greater frequencies of neighbouring behaviours but lower levels of collective efficacy, socioeconomic disadvantage, and ethnic homogeneity are all associated with a greater likelihood of reporting serious local crime problems.

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Renzaho, André M. N., Ben Richardson, and Claudia Strugnell. "RESIDENT WELL-BEING, COMMUNITY CONNECTIONS, AND NEIGHBOURHOOD PERCEPTIONS, PRIDE, AND OPPORTUNITIES AMONG DISADVANTAGE METROPOLITAN AND REGIONAL COMMUNITIES: EVIDENCE FROM THE NEIGHBOURHOOD RENEWAL PROJECT." Journal of Community Psychology 40, no. 7 (August 7, 2012): 871–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcop.21500.

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Klein, Harald. "Health inequality, social exclusion and neighbourhood renewal: Can place-based renewal improve the health of disadvantaged communities?" Australian Journal of Primary Health 10, no. 3 (2004): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py04054.

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The overall improvement in the health of Australians over the last decade has concealed a widening gap between the health of the rich and the poor. Orthodox responses to health inequality based on improving access to health services and changing the behaviour of high-risk groups have not led to a more equal distribution of health outcomes. This paper assesses the policy and practice implications of the causal nexus between health inequality, socioeconomic status, social exclusion and locational disadvantage. In addition to more traditional redistributive macroeconomic and social policies, the paper identifies the need for targeted responses to spatial concentrations of inequality. The Victorian Neighbourhood Renewal initiative is introduced as a place-based social model of health that ?joins-up? government and builds inter-sectoral and community partnerships to tackle local sources of health inequality. Neighbourhood Renewal intervenes in key material, psychosocial and behavioural pathways to morbidity and mortality by transforming poor housing, creating employment, improving education, rejuvenating local economies, reducing crime and building community resilience.

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Wo, James C., and Jihye Park. "An Examination of Schools, Social Ecological Factors, and Neighbourhood Crime." British Journal of Criminology 60, no. 4 (February 3, 2020): 851–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azaa002.

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Abstract Although theories suggest that schools are associated with higher neighbourhood crime rates, it is not clear what particular measures of schools have a crime-producing impact when controlling for a diversity of social-ecological factors. We therefore address this question by performing a block-level analysis of schools and crime in the city of Chicago. Negative binomial regression models reveal that the presence of any school in the focal block is associated with higher violent and property crime rates and that these associations are largely robust to differing measures of schools. We also determine that concentrated disadvantage moderates the effect of school presence in the block on property crime. The implications of these findings for criminology and public policy are discussed.

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Rachele, Jerome N., Vincent Learnihan, Hannah M. Badland, Suzanne Mavoa, Gavin Turrell, and Billie Giles-Corti. "Neighbourhood socioeconomic and transport disadvantage: The potential to reduce social inequities in health through transport." Journal of Transport & Health 7 (December 2017): 256–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2017.09.002.

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Lersch, Kim M., Thomas Bazley, Thomas Mieczkowski, and Kristina Childs. "Police use of force and neighbourhood characteristics: an examination of structural disadvantage, crime, and resistance." Policing and Society 18, no. 3 (September 2008): 282–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10439460802091690.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Neighbourhood disadvantage'

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