Academic literature on the topic 'Neighborhoods – pennsylvania – philadelphia'
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Journal articles on the topic "Neighborhoods – pennsylvania – philadelphia"
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Hirsch, Alison Duncan. "Discovering America: The Peopling of Pennsylvania Common Ground: Philadelphia's Neighborhoods Crossroad: Center City Philadelphia." Journal of American History 81, no. 1 (June 1994): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2081003.
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Liu, Longjian, and Ana E. Núñez. "Multilevel and Urban Health Modeling of Risk Factors for Diabetes Mellitus: A New Insight into Public Health and Preventive Medicine." Advances in Preventive Medicine 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/246049.
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This study aimed to apply multidisciplinary analysis approaches and test two hypotheses that (1) there was a significant increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) from 2002 to 2010 in the city of Philadelphia and that (2) there were significant variations in the prevalence of DM across neighborhoods, and these variations were significantly related to the variations in the neighborhood physical and social environment (PSE). Data from the Southeastern Pennsylvania Household Health Surveys in 2002–2004 (period 1,n=8,567) and in 2008–2010 (period 2,n=8,747) were analyzed using a cross-sectional comparison approach. An index of neighborhood PSE was constructed from 8 specific measures. The results show that age-adjusted prevalence of DM increased from period 1 (10.20%) to period 2 (11.91%)(P<0.001). After adjusting age, sex, and survey years, an estimate of 12.14%, 18.33%, and 11.89% of the odds ratios for DM was related to the differences in the neighborhood PSE disadvantage, the prevalence of overweight/obesity, and those with lower education attendance, respectively. In conclusion, prevalence of DM significantly increased from 2002 to 2010 in the city of Philadelphia. In addition to risk factors for DM at personal level, neighborhood PSE disadvantage may play a critical role in the risk of DM.
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Begum, Thoin F., Ellen Kim, Lin Zhu, Yin Tan, Evelyn T. González, Marilyn A. Fraser, Yingzhang Lin, et al. "Abstract A040: Examining the geographical distribution of a colorectal cancer awareness community outreach program." Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 32, no. 12_Supplement (December 1, 2023): A040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp23-a040.
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Abstract Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant health issue in the United States, ranking as the third most diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. The incidence of CRC varies across the east coast of the United States due to multiple factors, including disparities in lifestyle, healthcare accessibility, and environmental exposures. Community-based participatory research plays a vital role in identifying effective interventions to enhance awareness of cancer risk and prevention in specific communities. Methods: This study focused on Asian Americans, Blacks, and Hispanics residing in the Greater Philadelphia (PA), New Jersey (NJ), and New York City (NYC) areas. The Synergistic Partnership for Enhancing Equity in Cancer Health (SPEECH) collaborated with community-based organizations' leaders and staff to streamline recruitment, workshop delivery, and survey data collection. The workshop curriculum covered essential CRC information, including facts, dietary habits, and screening guidelines. Pre- and post-workshop surveys were used to assess changes in CRC knowledge and screening intention. The distribution of participants was analyzed using Arc GIS. Results: [GXM1] The study population consisted of 212 Asian, 172 Hispanic/Latino, and 126 African American/Black participants. Geographical data was obtainable for 486 participants, primarily from New York (n=286, 58.8%), Pennsylvania (n=150, 30.9%), and New Jersey (n=49, 10.1%). These states form the Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York City (PNN) region, which is known for its high concentrations of neighborhoods experiencing persistent poverty, especially in areas densely populated by minorities. Distinct examples include neighborhoods within the Bronx borough of New York City and Philadelphia County in Pennsylvania. Alarmingly, in some counties within the PNN region, as many as 26% of the census tracts are categorized as persistently impoverished. This pattern of concentrated poverty is supported by several existing studies and research reports. Conclusions: The distribution of participants aligned with the study area of SPEECH and areas characterized by persistent poverty. These findings provide valuable insights to guide efforts in improving cancer health equity in the identified regions. Citation Format: Thoin F. Begum, Ellen Kim, Lin Zhu, Yin Tan, Evelyn T. González, Marilyn A. Fraser, Yingzhang Lin, Nathaly Rubio-Torio, Tenya Blackwell, Carolyn Martin, Safa Ibrahim, Ming-Chin Yeh, Grace X. Ma. Examining the geographical distribution of a colorectal cancer awareness community outreach program [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr A040.
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Zhang, Yiru, Ken Tamminga, and Hong Wu. "Interweaving Computational and Tacit Knowledge to Design Nature-Based Play Networks in Underserved Communities." Land 11, no. 3 (February 27, 2022): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11030350.
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Children are often the most disadvantaged cohort during miserable situations of natural disaster, economic crisis, and environmental degradation. Meanwhile, children’s play is increasingly controlled, costly, and standardized with engineered structures and surfaces rather than infused with natural processes and organic materials. Access to nature-based playscapes in underserved neighborhoods is extremely limited, impacted by disparities of race, class, and gender. In these contexts, neglected vacant lots and streets and related interstitial spaces can be redesigned as playscapes that support active, engaged, meaningful, and socially interactive play. Our study addresses the ample opportunity to re-engage kids and city nature in underserved neighborhoods in Philadelphia and Pennsylvania. Methodologically, we balance systemic GIS spatial data approaches with informal and experiential—or tacit—site-based analyses. This mixed-methods approach helps identify local patterns of insecurity, children’s circulation, and natural resource possibilities. Finally, a play network with eight playscape themes is revealed as an emergent pattern that we termed green play infrastructure. These themes provide examples of activities and opportunities for future programs that fit their surrounding context. The mixed-methods approach fills a gap in children’s play literature and illustrates how green play infrastructure can serve as a key strategy in improving children’s lives in disadvantaged neighborhoods.
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Li, Xiaojiang. "Investigating the spatial distribution of resident’s outdoor heat exposure across neighborhoods of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania using urban microclimate modeling." Sustainable Cities and Society 72 (September 2021): 103066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.103066.
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Mar, Krista, Yawei Song, Khaldoun Hamade, Maria Katerina Alfaro, Alex Wrem, Christopher McNair, and Amy Leader. "Abstract A017: Identifying priority neighborhoods for mobile cancer screening using georeferenced data." Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 32, no. 1_Supplement (January 1, 2023): A017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp22-a017.
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Abstract Background: Mobile screening units (MSUs) are an evidence-based approach known to reduce barriers and increase access to preventive services such as cancer screening. Less is known about how to plan and prioritize where MSUs are deployed to maximize impact and reduce the burden of disease. We used a geographic-based approach to create an index to identify which census tracts were of greatest priority for cancer screening, thereby creating a priority scoring metric for deploying the MSU across our 7-county cancer center catchment area. Methods: We assessed publicly available data reported at the census tract level for cancer relevance, choosing those data that were most likely to be associated with disparities in cancer screening or outcomes. This included data from the Social Vulnerability Index (socioeconomic status, percent of residents without health insurance, percent of residents reporting minority race or ethnicity, percent renting their housing, and percent with no transportation) as well as data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Places on the percent screened for breast cancer, cervical cancer, and colon cancer. Data was transformed from CDC Places to be percentage in need of breast cancer, cervical cancer, and colon screening rather than percentage screened. To construct the index, each of the variables was ranked from highest to lowest across all census tracts in Pennsylvania and New Jersey with a non-zero population (n=1,184). A percentile rank was then calculated for each census tract over each of these variables. Finally, an overall percentile rank for each tract was calculated. Index scores could range from 0.000000 (low priority for cancer screening) to 1.000000 (high priority for cancer screening). Results: There are 1,184 census tracts within our cancer center catchment area. Gloucester County NJ has the fewest census tracts (n=63) while Philadelphia County PA has the most census tracts (n=384). The mean index score across all census tracts was 0.400593 (SD = .198556) with a range of 0.000000 to 0.938343. Philadelphia County had the highest mean index score (0.400953) while Bucks County PA had the lowest mean index score (0.281576). In Philadelphia County, 76% of census tracts are above the mean index score, indicating high need for cancer screening, while in Bucks County, only 22% of census tracts are above the mean index score. A catchment area map by census tract visualizes the index score across the counties. Conclusion: A cancer screening index for census tracts in a cancer center catchment area can be used to prioritize resources such as a MSU in an evidenced-based manner. Next steps involve validating the index score against cancer disparities data in our catchment area and creating disease specific index scores to use with cancer specific screening initiatives. Citation Format: Krista Mar, Yawei Song, Khaldoun Hamade, Maria Katerina Alfaro, Alex Wrem, Christopher McNair, Amy Leader. Identifying priority neighborhoods for mobile cancer screening using georeferenced data [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A017.
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Watson, Megan, David Grande, Archana Radhakrishnan, Nandita Mitra, Katelyn R. Ward, and Craig Evan Pollack. "Racial Differences in Prostate Cancer Treatment: The Role of Socioeconomic Status." Ethnicity & Disease 27, no. 3 (July 20, 2017): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.27.3.201.
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<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examines whether socioeconomic status (SES), measured at both the individual and neighborhood levels, is associated with receipt of definitive treatment for localized prostate cancer and whether these associations mediate racial differences in treatment between non-Hispanic White and non-Hispanic Black men. </p><p><strong>Design: </strong>The Philadelphia Area Prostate Cancer Access Study (P2 Access) is a mailed, cross-sectional survey of men sampled from the Pennsylvania Cancer Registry, combined with neighborhood Census data. </p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Eight counties in southeastern Pennsylvania. </p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>2,386 men with prostate adenocarcinoma. </p><p><strong>Main Measures: </strong>Receipt of definitive treatment, race, self-reported income, education, employment status, and neighborhood SES. </p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, Black and White men were equally likely to receive definitive treatment. Men living in neighborhoods with higher SES were more likely to receive definitive treatment (OR 1.57, 95%CI 1.01, 2.42). Among men who received definitive treatment, Black men were significantly less likely to receive radical prostatectomy compared with White men (OR .71, 95% CI .52, .98), as were men with some college education compared with those with a high school education or less (OR .66, 95% CI .47, .94). SES does not mediate racial differences in receipt of definitive treatment or the type of definitive treatment received, and associations with income or employment status were not significant. </p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results stress the importance of examining racial disparities within geographic areas and highlight the unique associations that different measures of SES, particularly neighborhood SES and education, may have with prostate cancer treatment.</p><p><em>Ethn Dis. </em>2017;27(3):201-208; doi:10.18865/ed.27.3.201. </p>
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Ma, Grace X., Steven E. Shive, Guo Zhang, Jennifer Aquilante, Yin Tan, Meagan Pharis, Cheryl Bettigole, et al. "Evaluation of a Healthy Chinese Take-Out Sodium-Reduction Initiative in Philadelphia Low-Income Communities and Neighborhoods." Public Health Reports 133, no. 4 (May 30, 2018): 472–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354918773747.
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Objectives: Sodium reduction in restaurant foods is important because 77% of sodium in the United States is consumed by eating prepared and restaurant foods. We evaluated a sodium-reduction intervention, Healthy Chinese Take-Out Initiative, among Chinese take-out restaurants in low-income neighborhoods in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Our objectives were to (1) analyze changes in the sodium content of food samples and (2) collect data on changes in chefs’ and owners’ knowledge about the health risks of sodium overconsumption, perceptions of the need for sodium reduction, self-efficacy for lowering sodium use, and perceptions of training needs for sodium-reduction strategies. Methods: The initiative trained chefs from 206 Chinese take-out restaurants on strategies to reduce sodium in prepared dishes. We analyzed changes in the sodium content of the 3 most frequently ordered dishes—shrimp and broccoli, chicken lo mein, and General Tso’s chicken—from baseline (July-September 2012) to 36 months after baseline (July-September 2015) among 40 restaurants. We conducted a survey to examine the changes in chefs’ and owners’ knowledge, perceptions, and self-efficacy of sodium reduction. We used multilevel analysis and repeated-measures analysis of variance to examine effects of the intervention on various outcomes. Results: We found significant reductions in the sodium content of all 3 dishes 36 months after a low-sodium cooking training intervention (coefficients range, –1.06 to –1.69, P < .001 for all). Mean knowledge (range, 9.2-11.1), perceptions (range, 4.6-6.0), and self-efficacy (range, 4.2-5.9) ( P < .001 for all) of sodium reduction improved significantly from baseline (August 2012) to posttraining (also August 2012), but perceptions of the need for sodium reduction and self-efficacy for lowering sodium use returned to baseline levels 36 months later (August 2015). Conclusions: The intervention was a useful population health approach that led to engaging restaurants in sodium-reduction practices. Local public health agencies and professionals could partner with independent restaurants to introduce environmental changes that can affect population health on a broad scale, particularly for vulnerable populations.
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Roman, Lara, Indigo Catton, Eric Greenfield, Hamil Pearsall, Theodore Eisenman, and Jason Henning. "Linking Urban Tree Cover Change and Local History in a Post-Industrial City." Land 10, no. 4 (April 12, 2021): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10040403.
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Municipal leaders are pursuing ambitious goals to increase urban tree canopy (UTC), but there is little understanding of the pace and socioecological drivers of UTC change. We analyzed land cover change in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (United States) from 1970–2010 to examine the impacts of post-industrial processes on UTC. We interpreted land cover classes using aerial imagery and assessed historical context using archival newspapers, agency reports, and local historical scholarship. There was a citywide UTC increase of +4.3 percentage points. Substantial UTC gains occurred in protected open spaces related to both purposeful planting and unintentional forest emergence due to lack of maintenance, with the latter phenomenon well-documented in other cities located in forested biomes. Compared to developed lands, UTC was more persistent in protected open spaces. Some neighborhoods experienced substantial UTC gains, including quasi-suburban areas and depopulated low-income communities; the latter also experienced decreasing building cover. We identified key processes that drove UTC increases, and which imposed legacies on current UTC patterns: urban renewal, urban greening initiatives, quasi-suburban developments, and (dis)investments in parks. Our study demonstrates the socioecological dynamism of intra-city land cover changes at multi-decadal time scales and the crucial role of local historical context in the interpretation of UTC change.
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Edin, Kathryn, Timothy Nelson, Andrew Cherlin, and Robert Francis. "The Tenuous Attachments of Working-Class Men." Journal of Economic Perspectives 33, no. 2 (May 1, 2019): 211–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.33.2.211.
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In this essay, we explore how working-class men describe their attachments to work, family, and religion. We draw upon in-depth, life history interviews conducted in four metropolitan areas with racially and ethnically diverse groups of working-class men with a high school diploma but no four-year college degree. Between 2000 and 2013, we deployed heterogeneous sampling techniques in the black and white working-class neighborhoods of Boston, Massachusetts; Charleston, South Carolina; Chicago, Illinois; and the Philadelphia/Camden area of Pennsylvania and New Jersey. We screened to ensure that each respondent had at least one minor child, making sure to include a subset potentially subject to a child support order (because they were not married to, or living with, their child's mother). We interviewed roughly even numbers of black and white men in each site for a total of 107 respondents. Our approach allows us to explore complex questions in a rich and granular way that allows unanticipated results to emerge. These working-class men showed both a detachment from institutions and an engagement with more autonomous forms of work, childrearing, and spirituality, often with an emphasis on generativity, by which we mean a desire to guide and nurture the next generation. We also discuss the extent to which this autonomous and generative self is also a haphazard self, which may be aligned with counterproductive behaviors. And we look at racial and ethnic difference in perceptions of social standing.
Books on the topic "Neighborhoods – pennsylvania – philadelphia"
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Teich, Adams Carolyn, ed. Philadelphia: Neighborhoods, division, and conflict in a postindustrial city. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1991.
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Wolfinger, James. Philadelphia divided: Race & politics in the City of Brotherly Love. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2007.
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Etienne, Harley F. Pushing back the gates: Neighborhood perspectives on university-driven revitalization in West Philadelphia. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2012.
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Streetwise: Race, Class, and Change in an Urban Community. University of Chicago Press, 1990.
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Streetwise: Race, Class, and Change in an Urban Community. University Of Chicago Press, 1992.
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Elesh, David, Carolyn Adams, David Bartlet, and Ira Goldstein. Philadelphia: Neighborhoods, Division, and Conflict in a Postindustrial City (Comparative American Cities). Temple University Press, 1991.
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Wolfinger, James. Philadelphia Divided: Race and Politics in the City of Brotherly Love. University of North Carolina Press, 2011.
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Wolfinger, James. Philadelphia Divided: Race and Politics in the City of Brotherly Love. The University of North Carolina Press, 2011.
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Wolfinger, James. Philadelphia Divided: Race and Politics in the City of Brotherly Love. University of North Carolina Press, 2011.
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Etienne, Harley F. Pushing Back the Gates: Neighborhood Perspectives on University-Driven Revitalization in West Philadelphia. Temple University Press, 2013.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Neighborhoods – pennsylvania – philadelphia"
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Muller, Carol Ann, and Nina C. Öhman. "On Not Knowing." In Transforming Ethnomusicology Volume I, 151–68. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197517604.003.0010.
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The Department of Music of the University of Pennsylvania has an ongoing research partnership with several faith-based organizations in the Philadelphia area. At the core of this partnership, ethnomusicology professors are leading academically based community service (ABCS) classes in which students engage with local Christian and Islamic communities in order to produce ethnographic films that document the history and musical practices of these communities. The chapter discusses the authors’ experiences in ABCS work, with a focus on gospel music research projects and studies of the relationship between music, spirituality, and Islam. A second project explored the ways in which young members of an Islamic community partnership organization engaged with hip-hop culture. The process described can be best characterized by an idea of “creative uncertainty.” Drawing on growing literature in visual arts that takes the position of “not knowing” as a strategy of engagement, the authors suggest that the production of community research through principles and processes of academically based community service and engagement are best served if researchers know how little they know, and are humbly open to what they might learn, while willing to share expertise they may have to jointly create narratives of community history and belonging in dialogue with members of neighborhood faith-based organizations.
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Blank, Martin J. "Reaching Out to Create a Movement." In Community Schools in Action. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195169591.003.0031.
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In 1997, after their community school concepts received a cold shoulder at a school reform conference, Joy Dryfoos, C. Warren “Pete” Moses, and Ira Harkavy knew it was time for action. All three had been deeply involved in creating new school-community relationships. Joy Dryfoos had helped call national attention to the overlapping needs that put one of every four children at risk; her 1994 book Full-Service Schools outlined a community school approach to help meet those needs. As chief operating officer of The Children’s Aid Society (CAS), Pete Moses, together with CAS’s chief executive officer, Philip Coltoff, had helped bring the resources of one of New York City’s oldest child welfare agencies directly into neighborhood schools as part of a comprehensive educational approach. Ira Harkavy, director of the University of Pennsylvania’s Center for Community Partnerships, was creating opportunities for University of Pennsylvania students and faculty to work with, and learn from, students and residents in Philadelphia schools, using the community as a resource. All three knew from experience that community schools offered an effective strategy for building strong schools, strong families, and strong communities and that these were essential for learning. The group began thinking about how to jump-start a community school movement. After a second meeting a few weeks later, they were convinced that more like-minded people needed to be involved. They decided to hold a Community Schools Forum at Fordham University and invited about 30 people they thought would be interested. When 125 participants showed up, they knew they were on to something. This chapter tells how that experience helped launch the Coalition for Community Schools and its drive to put community schools at the center of a twenty-first-century education-reform agenda. In 1997 a “coalition for community schools” was a new idea, but community schools were not. Part of what drew so many to the Fordham summit was the opportunity to give new voice to time-tested approaches to connecting school and community and, participants hoped, to use them more broadly to address current concerns. John Dewey, whose ideas helped create community schools, observed that “the true starting point of history is always some present situation with its problems.”
Conference papers on the topic "Neighborhoods – pennsylvania – philadelphia"
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May, Elizabeth, Peng Du, and Victoria Martine. "Environmental Justice: A Case Study into the Heat Vulnerable Neighborhoods of Philadelphia." In 111th ACSA Annual Meeting Proceedings. ACSA Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.111.53.
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Studies have shown that low-income communities and communities of color are more likely to live in neighborhoods experiencing multiple environmental burdens and disproportionate vulnerability to the impacts of climate change in American cities. The practice of redlining in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania has caused environmental injustice in ways that might not have been obvious at that time however there are neighborhoods that are still affected by this practice. These areas have the lowest median household incomes, lowest life expectancies, and highest population of African American people compared to the rest of the city. The main objective of this research is to map the heat vulnerable neighborhoods in Philadelphia and suggest ways to mitigate urban heat island. Mapping heat vulnerability shows the areas that are more susceptible to the exacerbating effects of heat. The research began with mapping factors that determine vulnerability, such as heat exposure, access to green space/tree coverage, median household income, life expectancy, and race. Mapping these indicators allowed the vulnerable neighborhoods to be pinpointed. The most vulnerable neighborhoods chosen were Tioga and Carroll Park. To conduct a better analysis the least vulnerable neighborhood, Chestnut Hill, was chosen to compare to. Further, overlaying the Homeowners Loan Corporation redlining map to find out that the “hazardous” neighborhoods overlap with the most vulnerable neighborhoods. To continue the analysis with simulations, Rhino and Grasshopper (Ladybug Tools) were used to quantify the urban heat island indicators such as Direct Sun Hours, Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) and Heat Stress Hours in both public spaces and streets. In summary, this research proposes design interventions, including strategies of adding greenery, to mitigate the urban heat island effect. The simulations showed that the neighborhoods that are the most heat vulnerable would have to drastically change their environment to mitigate the urban heat island.