Academic literature on the topic 'Negotiation – Economic aspects'
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Journal articles on the topic "Negotiation – Economic aspects"
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Fisher, Joseph G., James R. Frederickson, and Sean A. Peffer. "Budgeting: An Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Negotiation." Accounting Review 75, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 93–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr.2000.75.1.93.
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Despite the common use of negotiations to set budgets in practice, accounting research has focused primarily on budgets set unilaterally by subordinates, while goal-setting research in management has focused primarily on budgets set unilaterally by superiors. In addition, budgeting research in accounting has focused almost exclusively on the planning aspects of budgets to the exclusion of their motivational aspects. This study complements prior research in two ways. First, the study examines how budgets and the economic consequences of the budget-setting process differ when budgets are set through a negotiation process vs. when set unilaterally. The study also considers factors associated with negotiation agreement and the relation between agreement and the economic consequences of negotiated budgets. Second, the economic consequences examined are budgetary slack and subordinate performance, allowing us to address the trade-offs between the planning and motivational aspects of budgets. Negotiated budgets differ from unilaterally set budgets in a manner consistent with social norms and/or information transfer occurring during negotiations. Both the budgets and the economic consequences of the budgetsetting process differ when budgets are set through a negotiation process where superiors have final authority in the event of a negotiation impasse vs. when set unilaterally by superiors. Further, negotiation agreement significantly affects the economic consequences of negotiated budgets. Budgets set through a negotiation process ending in agreement contain significantly less slack. A failed negotiation followed by superiors imposing a budget has a significant detrimental effect on subordinate performance.
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Kozina, Andrzej. "NEGOTIATIONS DETERMINED BY BIG DATA." Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Humanitas Zarządzanie 21, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.2857.
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The objective of the paper is to present a concept for describing the conditions for socio-economic negotiation processes, resulting from the presence of Big Data. Two basic groups of this kind of conditions were taken into account, i.e. supporting negotiations and hindering their conduct. First, the essence of the phenomenon of Big Data was briefly explained. The subsequent parts of the paper present the considered conditions in cross-section of subsequent aspects of the interpretation of negotiations, i.e. as a process, methods of conflict management and reaching agreement, mutual dependence of the parties and processes of: decision making, communication, mutual exchange and value creation. The summary lists major changes in the negotiation processes caused by Big Data, and also indicates the directions of research enriching the proposed concept.
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Peleckis, Kęstutis, Valentina Peleckiene, and Kęstutis Peleckis. "Comparison of The Possibilities of Application of Spectrum and Gaming Theories in Modelling Market Economy Negotiations." SHS Web of Conferences 92 (2021): 09011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219209011.
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Research background: In negotiations, in modelling decision-making at both the individual and market levels, it is important to understand and be able to assess important aspects of economic behaviour. The theory of spectrum is proposed to be applied in modelling decision making. The object of the research is the possibilities of application of spectrum and game theories. Classical economic theory does not define subjective parameters of economic behaviour, therefore, when modelling market negotiation strategies, it is difficult to identify and evaluate appropriate parameters of economic behaviour required for decision-making in market negotiations. The spectrum theory approach can be used to model the economy, both at the individual and market levels, which is especially relevant in international business negotiations, where the modelling of solutions and various operations presents opportunities to assess subjective parameters. Purpose of the article: The aim of the paper is to investigate and compare the application of spectral decay and gambling theories in modelling market economy negotiations. Research methods: Scientific literature analysis, comparative, logical analysis and synthesis, comparative and generalization methods, game theory, quantum cognition methods. Findings & Value added: The article examines the basic principles of behavioural economics: the functions of assessing the psychological value and uncertainty of monetary gain or loss, how both theories take these principles into account: game and spectrum.
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Gehring, Markus, Sean Stephenson, and Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger. "Sustainability Impact Assessments as Inputs and as Interpretative Aids in International Investment Law." Journal of World Investment & Trade 18, no. 1 (January 24, 2017): 163–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22119000-12340034.
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Sustainability impact assessments (SIAs) act as bridges between trade and investment agreements and social, environmental and human considerations. They are relevant as inputs into the treaty negotiation process and as interpretive aids in investment treaty arbitration. As inputs, SIAs attempt to measure the impact of environmental, social, economic and human rights aspects of trade and investment agreements prior to and during a treaty’s negotiation. SIAs have been performed on all major negotiations in the EU since 1999, and will continue to be performed under its investment competence. Case studies in this article demonstrate how SIAs may include climate change. Additionally, legal recommendations are offered which, if adopted by the Directorate General for Trade, should increase the effectiveness of SIAs. As interpretive aids, SIAs may be key references in treaty interpretation arguments in light of increased environment and development related investment disputes and focus on sustainable development policy space.
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Alam, Mushfek-Ul. "Role of China in Rohingya Crisis." International Business Research 15, no. 1 (December 7, 2021): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v15n1p59.
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The research paper focuses on investigating geo-political moves from the Chinese perspective whether there is a possibility for China to succeed in their negotiating acts between Bangladesh and Myanmar, which chronologically provides: a background to find the origin of the problem, clarifies reasons so important as a negotiator in this issue, the possible outcomes of the negotiation process and how it may affect China’s political standing with a series of research questions and problem statement. The researcher primarily denounces the conventional ideas that China only prefers to look after Myanmar’s interest or Sino-Myanmar relationship. Methodology section briefly analyzes the nature of the research and the type of data are used to justify researcher’s alternative views. The researcher demonstrates a comparative picture between Bangladesh and Myanmar in terms of their economic, political and military relationship with China both nations equally from their geo-political standing. Finally, the researcher describes to predict the possible outcomes of the current negotiation process considering Chinese involvement in Humanitarian aspects, steps taken by the Myanmar Military regime in repatriating the Rohingyas, Why does the democratic reform process so necessary for China as a negotiator, What Myanmar must do to regain the trust Rohingya citizens and how the current situation is endangering the Chinese diplomacy or why a worsening scenario between China and Myanmar may arise. All the findings and analysis inherently support the author’s alternative view and duly answer the research questions. Finally, the researcher discussed about the common lessons learned so far from international relations perspective.
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Bretschger, Lucas. "Climate policy and equity principles: fair burden sharing in a dynamic world." Environment and Development Economics 18, no. 5 (May 29, 2013): 517–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x13000284.
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AbstractThe paper argues that negotiation costs can prevent the international community from finding a new international climate agreement. To define a feasible way of facilitating the negotiation process, I analyze basic equity principles and their relationship to climate policy and economic development. Based on the most relevant principles, I propose a general synthetic rule for burden sharing in international climate policy. The rule avoids complexity and comprises both egalitarian and cost-sharing aspects, which appears to be crucial for achieving a climate agreement. Carbon budgets for the different countries are calculated under different parameter assumptions.
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Meliá-Martí, Elena, Natalia Lajara-Camilleri, Ana Martínez-García, and Juan F. Juliá-Igual. "Why Do Agricultural Cooperative Mergers Not Cross the Finishing Line?" Agriculture 11, no. 11 (November 20, 2021): 1173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11111173.
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Mergers have played a relevant role in the business development of many agri-food cooperatives and have led to the consolidation of large cooperative groups which are leaders in their respective business sectors. However, many of the merger processes undertaken fail: some are aborted at the negotiation stage, and others are not approved by members. These failures entail financial and social costs due to frustrated expectations and the time invested in the negotiation process. The objective of this paper is to establish the economic, socio-cultural, organisational and process management factors that underlie this outcome. A survey was conducted among the directors and administrators of a sample of Spanish agri-food cooperatives that had participated in merger processes which were aborted at the negotiation stage or were not approved by their members. Factor and discriminant analyses established the aspects which had the greatest impact on the failure of the merger processes. Far from being economic factors, these analyses reveal that defensive localisms, a lack of commitment to the merger on the part of members and directors, and communication failures were more significant.
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Baldwin, Robert E. "What's at Stake for the LDCs, Now that the Uruguay Round Talks have been Suspended? (The Distinguishedl Lecture)." Pakistan Development Review 30, no. 4I (December 1, 1991): 579–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v30i4ipp.579-599.
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Until negotiations collapsed in early December, the Uruguay Round gave promise of being the most significant multilateral trade negotiation since 1947, when the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GA TI) was implemented and tariffs levels of the industrial countries were sharply cut. There are at least three reasons for this conclusion. First, by agreeing at the outset to bring both agriculture and textiles under GATT discipline, the participants created the opportunity for both rich and poor agricultural exporting nations and relatively low-wage, newly industrializing LDCs to benefit significantly from GATT-sponsored trade negotiations. Prior to the Uruguay Round, the benefits to these countries of such negotiations had been limited, since these two sectors were excluded from any significant liberalization. Second, by agreeing to formulate new rules relating to trade in services, trade-related aspects of· intellectual property rights, and trade-related investment issues, members took an important step in modernizing the GATT. As economic globalization has accelerated, there is a growing realization that arms-length merchandise transactions, the traditional concern of the GATT, are only one aspect of the real-side economic relations of current concern to national policy-makers and the economic interests they represent Now international commercial activities also involve merchandise trade among multinational firms and their foreign affiliates, international trade in services among independent agents as well as among affiliated enterprises, foreign direct investment activities, production nf goods and services in foreign affiliates for sale either abroad or at home, international flows of technology, and temporary movements of labour across borders. Although the so-called new issues in the Uruguay Round do not cover all of these matters, they go a considerable way in making the GATT more relevant for dealing with the problems of increasing internationalization.
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Hurbean, Ada. "SOME ASPECTS REGARDING THE EUROPEAN SOCIAL DIALOGUE." Agora International Journal of Juridical Sciences 10, no. 2 (January 30, 2017): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15837/aijjs.v10i2.2838.
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The concept of social dialogue is approached differently at international level. According to the definition proposed by the International Labour Organisation, the social dialogue represents the voluntary information, consultation and negotiation act issued in order to negotiate agreements between the social partners or to negotiate collective agreements. As a concept adopted at EU level, the social dialogue, established by the Treaty of Rome in 1957, is a process of continuous information and consultation between unions and employers, so as to reach understandings regarding the control of certain economic and social variables, both in macroeconomic and microeconomic level. No matter how this concept is understanding, the social dialogue is associated with the transition from a culture of conflict to a culture of partnership with consideration of the common interests of the social partners involved in a broader process of “social cooperation”.
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Ghiletchi, Zorina. "Economic globalization challenges - context for identifying a negotiation pattern of the Republic of Moldova." International Relations Plus, no. 1(21) (2022): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.52327/1857-4440.2022.1(21).16.
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The reference frame of this study starts from an assurance as to the formation of a new historical paradigm, with a series of characteristics and challenges. Globalization is becoming a historical case that cannot be ignored, especially since it emphasizes the conjugation of the political element with the economic one. In other words, nation states have the opportunity to negotiate an economic status by identifying a model that would safeguard the national interest. The Republic of Moldova is working to develop a strategic leadership that would generate efficiency in all aspects. The ,,Associated Trio” cooperation project is an example of this.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Negotiation – Economic aspects"
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KOHLER, Stefan. "Bargaining and human sociality : an experimental economic approach." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/7015.
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Defence date: 5 February 2007Examining Board: Jordi Brandts, (Instituto de Análisis Económico (CSIC) ; Simon Gaechter, (University of Nottingham); Pascal Courty, (European University Institute); Karl Schlag, (European University Institute)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
This thesis adheres to the fundamental principle of maximizing behavior and equilibrium and shows how behavioral economic assumption of preferences, which go beyond self-interest, makes microeconomic theory applicable to a broad field of social behavior, where traditional models fail. All three thesis chapters are self contained but the thesis evolves from modelling social preferences and an analysis of their behavioral consequences in bargaining situations to an empirical test of their prevalence.
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Tisserand, Jean-Christian. "Essais sur l'analyse économique de la négociation." Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA0003/document.
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Dans le cadre des actions en responsabilité civile, la proportion de conflits résolus par le biais d’un accord à l’amiable entre les parties reste très hétérogène à travers les différents pays. L’échec des négociations entre les parties sont sources de procès dont le coût est élevé, à la fois pour l’état mais également pour les parties impliquées dans le litige. Dans cette thèse, nous utilisons unelarge panoplie de méthodes empiriques afin d’étudier les variables susceptibles d’influencer la probabilité de conciliation entre deux parties engagées dans une action en justice. Les travaux réalisés se divisent en quatre grands thèmes. Dans un premier temps, nous réalisons une méta-analyse afin d’étudier la rationalité des individus dans l’un des jeux de négociations les plus simples : lejeu de l’ultimatum. Les résultats de notre analyse montrent que les proposants agissent de manière rationnelle et anticipent correctement le comportement des répondants qui leur font face, de manière à maximiser leur profit. Consécutivementà cela, nous réalisons une méta analyse comparative des jeux de l’ultimatum et du dictateur afin d’analyser l’hypothèse d’équité selon laquelle les offres formulées dans ces deux jeux ne sont pas significativement différentes. Notre étude permet d’établir une corrélation positive entre le niveau de développement des pays et la probabilité de rejet de cette hypothèse. Dans un troisième temps, nous nous intéressons aux variables susceptibles d’influencer la probabilité de conciliation entre deux parties impliquées dans un litige prud’homal en France. La présence d’un avocat pour le demandeur lors de la phase de conciliation ainsi que l’importance de la somme en jeu dans le litige semblent exercer une influence négative sur la probabilité de conciliation. Enfin, nous réalisons une expérience en laboratoire afin d’analyser le comportement des individus qui ne souhaitent pas négocier mais y sont tout de même contraints. Les résultats de notre expérience montrent que les sujets sont plus agressifs lorsqu’ils sont contraints à négocier. Cette agressivité se traduit par des offres moins généreuses ainsi qu’un taux de rejet plus élevéIn civil liability actions, the proportion of cases that are settled through conciliation remains very low in some countries. Negotiation failures lead to trials, the cost of which is high for both the state and the parties involved in litigation. in this thesis, we use a wide range of empirical tools to investigate the determinants that contribute to the success or failure of settlement between two parties involved in a legal action. We contribute to this topic through four original studies. We first investigate the rationality of players in one of the most simple bargaining games : the ultimatum game. For that purpose, we perform a metaanalysis of the three last decades of experimental research. Proposers’ choices, that do no match the theoretical equilibrium of the game, are found to be rationalegiven the observed behavior of responders. Subsequently, we perform a comparative meta-analysis of the ultimatum and the dictator game to investigate the “fairness hypothesis” according to which off ers in these two games are not significantly different. We find that the more developed a country, the more likely the “fairness hypothesis” is to be rejected. In a third place, we aim to identify the forces that shape decision-making in the pretrial conciliation phase of French labor courts. The results are twofold. First, conciliation is less likely when plaintiff s are assisted by a lawyer. Second, we find that the likelihood of settlement decreases as the amount at stake increases. Finally, through an original experiment, we empirically investigate the behavior of individuals who do not want to bargain, but are forced to do so. We show that individuals who are forced to bargain make less generous offers and are less likely to conciliate
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Volz, Eckehard. "The trade, development and cooperation agreement between the Republic of South Africa and the European Union : an analysis with special regard to the negotiating process, the contents of the agreement, the applicability of WTO law and the Port and Sherry Agreement." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52582.
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Thesis (LLM)--University of Stellenbosch, 1999.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis deals with the Trade, Development and Cooperation Agreement (TDCA) between the European Union and the Republic of South Africa, which was concluded in October 1999. In particular, the agreement is analysed in the light of the negotiating process between the parties, the contents of the agreement, the applicability of WTO law and the compatibility of the agreement with it and the Port and Sherry Agreement. Since the EU emphasised its aim to commence economic and development cooperation with other African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries on a reciprocal basis during the negotiations for a successor of the Lomé Convention, the TDCA between the EU and South Africa had to be seen as a "pilot project" for future cooperation agreements between countries at different levels of development. The TDCA between the EU and South Africa is therefore not only very important for the two concerned parties, but could serve as an example for further negotiations between the EU and other ACP countries. Thus the purpose of this thesis is to examine the TDCA between the EU and South Africa from a wider global perspective. The thesis is divided into six Chapters: The first Chapter provides an introduction to the circumstances under which the negotiations between the EU and South Africa commenced. It deals briefly with the economic situation in South Africa during the apartheid era and presents reasons why the parties wanted to enter into bilateral negotiations. The introductory part furthermore presents an overview of the contents of the thesis. The second chapter contains a detailed description of the negotiating process that took place between the parties and shows why it took 43 months and 21 rounds of negotiations to reach a deal. South Africa's partial accession to the Lomé Convention and the conclusion of separate agreements such as the Wine and Spirits Agreement, are also analysed. Chapter three presents the various components of the TOCA and illustrates what the negotiators achieved. This chapter on the TOCA concludes with an evaluation of the Agreement and shows the potential benefits to South Africa and the EU. Since the Agreement had to satisfy international rules, the provisions of the General Agreement on Tariffs and TradelWorld Trade Organisation (GATTIWTO) were of major importance. The EC Treaty, however, does not contain any provision that indicates whether, or how, an international agreement like the GATTIWTO penetrates the Community legal order. In Chapter four, accordingly, questions are raised regarding the extent to which the bilateral agreement between South Africa and the EU was influenced by the GATTIWTO provisions and how these rules were incorporated into the agreement. Furthermore, since the parties agreed on the establishment of a free trade area, this chapter deals with the question of in how far the TOCA is in line with Article XXIV GATT. In addition to the GATT provisions, the TOCA is also affected by the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs). Therefore Chapter five deals with TRIPs in connection with the TOCA. The use of the terms "Port" and "Sherry" as the major stumbling block to the conclusion of the TOCA is analysed more closely. The final part, namely Chapter six, provides a summary of the results of the investigation. Furthermore, a conclusion is provided with regard to the question of whether the TOeA can be seen as an example for further trade relations between the EU and other ACP countries.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis is gerig op die Handels-, Ontwikkelings- en Samewerkingsooreenkoms (TDGA) tussen die Europese Unie (EU) en die Republiek van Suid Afrika wat in Oktober 1999 gesluit is. Die ooreenkoms word veral in die lig van die onderhandelingsproses tussen die partye, die inhoud van die ooreenkoms, die toepaslikheid van Wêreldhandelsorganisasiereg en die versoenbaarheid daarvan met die ooreenkoms en die Port en Sjerrie-ooreenkoms ontleed. Aangesien die EU sy oogmerk van wederkerige ekonomiese en ontwikkelings-gerigte samewerking met ander lande in Afrika en die Karibiese en Stille Oseaan-Eilande gedurende die onderhandelings vir 'n opvolger van die Lomé Konvensie beklemtoon het, moes die ooreenkoms tussen die EU en Suid-Afrika as 'n "loodsprojek" vir toekomstige samewerkingsooreenkomste tussen lande wat op verskillende vlakke van onwikkeling is, gesien word. Die Handels-, Ontwikkelings- en Samewerkingsooreenkoms tussen die EU en Suid-Afrika is dus nie net baie belangrik vir die betrokke partye nie, maar dit kan ook as 'n voorbeeld vir verdere onderhandelings tussen die EU en lande van Afrika en die Karibiese- en Stille Oseaan-Eilande dien. Die doel van dié tesis is om die Handels-, Ontwikkelings- en Samewekingsooreenkoms tussen die EU en Suid-Afrika vanuit 'n meer globale perspektief te beskou. Die tesis is in ses Hoofstukke ingedeel: Die eerste hoofstuk bied 'n inleiding tot die omstandighede waaronder die onderhandelings tussen die EU en Suid-Afrika begin het. Dit behandel die Suid- Afrikaanse ekonomiese situasie onder apartheid kortliks en toon hoekom die partye tweesydige onderhandelings wou aanknoop. Verder bied die inleidende deel 'n oorsig oor die inhoud van die tesis. Die tweede hoofstuk bevat 'n gedetailleerde beskrywing van die onderhandelingsproses wat tussen die partye plaasgevind het en toon aan waarom dit drie-en-veertig maande geduur het en een-en-twintig onderhandelingsrondtes gekos het om die saak te beklink. Suid-Afrika se gedeeltelike toetrede tot die Lomé Konvensie en die sluit van aparte ooreenkomste soos die Port- en Sjerrieooreenkoms word ook ontleed. Die daaropvolgende hoofstuk bespreek die verskillende komponente van die Handels-, Ontwikkelings- en Samewerkingsooreenkoms en toon wat die onderhandelaars bereik het. Hierdie hoofstuk oor die Ooreenkoms sluit af met 'n evaluering daarvan en dui die potensiële voordele van die Ooreenkoms vir Suid- Afrika en die EU aan. Aangesien die Ooreenkoms internasionale reëls moes tevrede stel, was die voorskrifte van die Algemene Ooreenkoms oor Tariewe en Handel (GATT) van uiterste belang. Die EG-verdrag bevat egter geen voorskrif wat aandui óf, of hoé, 'n internasionale ooreenkoms soos GATTNVTO die regsorde van die Europese Gemeenskap binnedring nie. Die vraag oor in hoeverre die tweesydige ooreenkoms tussen Suid-Afrika en die EU deur die GATTIWTO voorskrifte beïnvloed is, en oor hoe hierdie reëls in die ooreenkoms opgeneem is, word dus in Hoofstuk vier aangeraak. Aangesien die partye ooreengekom het om 'n vrye handeisarea tot stand te bring, behandel hierdie hoofstuk ook die vraag oor in hoeverre die TOGA met Artikel XXIV GATT strook. Tesame met die GATT-voorskrifte word die TOGA ook deur die Ooreenkoms ten opsigte van Handelsverwante Aspekte van Intellektuele Eiendomsreg (TRIPs) geraak. Hoofstuk vyf behandel daarom hierdie aspek ten opsigte van die TOGA. Die gebruik van die terme "Port" en "Sjerrie" as die vernaamste struikelblok tot die sluiting van die TOG-ooreenkoms word ook deegliker ontleed. Die laaste gedeelte, naamlik Hoofstuk ses, bied 'n opsomming van die resultate van die ondersoek. Verder word 'n gevolgtrekking voorsien ten opsigte van vraag of die TOGA as 'n voorbeeld vir verdere handelsverwantskappe tussen die EU en ander lande in Afrika en die Karibiese en Stille Oseaan-eilande beskou kan word.
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Solda, Alice. "Overconfidence as an interpersonal strategy." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE2010.
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Les modèles économiques standard supposent que les individus collectent et traitent l'information d'une manière qui leur donne une perception relativement précise de la réalité. Cependant, cette hypothèse est souvent remise en question. Les données montrent que les individus forment souvent des préjugés positifs à leur égard, ce qui peut avoir des conséquences économiques néfastes. Cette thèse vise à expliquer la persistance de la surconfiance dans les interactions sociales en montrant l'existence d'avantages stratégiques de la surconfiance qui compensent son coût social.À l'aide d'une série d'expériences en laboratoire, cette thèse montre que (i) la surconfiance se manifeste principalement lorsqu'elle procure un avantage dans les interactions sociales (chapitre 2) et (ii) identifie les situations dans lesquelles la surconfiance est susceptible de nuire à la société (chapitres 3 et 4). Cette thèse contribue à la littérature en améliorant notre compréhension des déterminants situationnels de la surconfiance dans les interactions sociales et posent les bases pour améliorer les politiques visant à prévenir ou à limiter les effets négatifsStandard economic models assume that individuals collect and process information in a way that gives them a relatively accurate perception of reality. However, this assumption is often violated. Data shows that individuals often form positively biased beliefs about themselves, which can have detrimental economic con-sequences. This thesis aims to explain the persistence of overconfidence in social interactions by showing the existence of strategic benefits of being overconfident that offset its social cost.Using a series of laboratory experiments, this thesis shows that (i) overconfidence emerges primarily when it provides an advantage in social interactions (Chapter2) and (ii) identify situations in which overconfidence is likely to be socially detrimental (Chapter 3 and 4). This thesis contributes to the literature by enhancing our understanding of the situational determinants of overconfidence in social interactions and lay the foundations to improve policies intended to prevent or limit its negative effects
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Tall, Aguibou Bougobaly. "Intéressement, actionnariat et conflits dans l'entreprise : études sur données d'entreprises françaises." Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020026/document.
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L'idée de base des contrats incitatifs est celle de la réalisation d'intérêts communs provoquant des changements dans le comportement des salariés et l'amélioration de la performance de l'entreprise. Les résultats et les succès de l'entreprise dépendent également du climat des relations professionnelles. Dans ce contexte, l'objectif de cette thèse est de contribuer à la compréhension de la participation financière (l'intéressement et l'actionnariat salarié) et ses liens avec les conflits à partir de données d'entreprises françaises. La recherche sur ces deux thèmes est d'une importance pratique et novatrice. Tout d'abord, il existe au sein de l'entreprise une multitude de types de conflits. Nous nous intéressons principalement aux conflits collectifs. Ensuite, la plupart des études sur les conflits collectifs se concentre uniquement sur les grèves, en ignorant les autres formes d'actions collectives, et très peu d'études font le lien avec les systèmes d'incitations collectives au sein de l'entreprise. Ainsi, ce travail se décompose en quatre études empiriques. La première vise à analyser les différentes formes de conflits au sein de l'entreprise. La deuxième analyse l'effet de la participation financière sur les conflits collectifs. La troisième étude s'intéresse à l'impact de la négociation et de la participation financière sur la résolution des conflits collectifs. Enfin, la dernière examine la performance des entreprises en fonction de la participation financière et des conflits collectifs. Nos recherches reposent sur des outils d'analyse multidimensionnelle et économétriques. L'approche multidimensionnelle fait appel à l'Analyse des Correspondances Multiples et à la Classification Hiérarchique Ascendante.L'approche économétrique fait usage de méthodes d'estimations classiques (OLS,Probit Simple, Probit Multinomial, Probit Ordonné), de modèles à sélection (Heckman), et des techniques d'estimations de modèles récursifs à équations simultanées traitant ainsi les problèmes d'endogénéité et la mixture (quantitative et qualitative) des variables dépendantes (Roodman, Conditional Mixed Process)The basic idea of incentive contracts is that of achieving common interests causing changes in the behavior of employees and improving firm performance.The firms' outputs and success also depend on the industrial relation climate. In this context, the aim of this thesis is to contribute to the understanding offinancial participation (profit sharing and employee share ownership) and its links with the conflicts using data on French firms. Research on these topics isinnovative and highly recommended. First, there exists within the firm a multitude of types of conflicts. We are primarily concerned with collective conflicts. Most of studies on collective conflicts focuses only on strikes, ignoring other forms of collective actions. Very few studies make the link between collective incentive schemes and collective conflicts. Thus, this work is dividedinto four empirical studies. The first one analyzes the different forms of conflicts within the firm. The second one analyzes the effect of financial participation on collective conflicts. The third study focuses on the impact of bargaining and financial participation on the resolution of collective conflicts. The last one examines firm's performance based on financial participation and collective conflicts. Our research is based on multidimensional analysis and econometric tools. The multidimensional approach uses the Multiple Correspondence Analysis and Ascending Hierarchical Clustering. The econometric approach usesclassical estimation methods (OLS, Probit, Mutinomial Probit, Ordered Pobit),selection models (Heckman), and methods estimating simultaneous and recursive equations, treating the endogeneity problems and the mixture (quantitative and qualitative) of the dependent variables (Roodman, Conditional Mixed Process)
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Matemnago, Tonle Véronique. "Gestion des conflits dans le deuil au prisme des négociations, transactions sociales et compromis : le cas du deuil d'un roturier chez les Bamiléké de l'Ouest Cameroun." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAG026/document.
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La société bamiléké de l’Ouest Cameroun, marquée par une structure sociale hiérarchisée basée sur des références coutumières en cours d’évolution, est traversée par des conflits repérables dans les rapports sociaux. Ces tensions se cristallisent à l’occasion des cérémonies telles que le deuil d’un roturier, terrain des observations de cette thèse. L’analyse sociologique et ethnologique de ces conflits et des modalités de leur gestion pratique, en vue du déroulement du deuil dans son intégralité, mobilise l’outillage théorique de la négociation et des transactions sociales dans l’élaboration permanente de compromis, ce que ce travail analyse tout au long du processus de deuil. Les sources et méthodes empiriques croisées avec l’appareillage théoriques donnent à voir que, chez les Bamiléké, les parties prenantes, en termes de jeux d’acteurs et en relation avec différents cadres de contraintes (coutumier, socio-économique, temporel…), s’organisent pour gérer les conflits à travers des dynamiques de négociation ou de transactions qui conduisent à des compromis toujours relatifs et provisoires. D’abord marqués par le temps du deuil, ces compromis participent plus largement de la recomposition locale des relations sociales et du rapport tradition/modernité dans la société bamilékéThe Bamileke society of Western Cameroon, marked by a hierarchical social structure based on customary references in the course of evolution, is crossed by conflicts that can be identified in social relations. These tensions crystallize on the occasion of ceremonies such as the mourning of a commoner, field of the observations of this thesis. The sociological and ethnological analysis of these conflicts and the modalities of their practical management, with a view to the unfolding of mourning ceremonies in its entirety, mobilizing the theoretical tools of negotiation and social transactions in the permanent elaboration of compromises, what this work analyses throughout the grieving process. The empirical sources and methods crossed with the theoretical references show that, relatives of the deceased, in terms of sets of actors and in relation to different frame of constraints (customary, socio-economic, temporal...) organize themselves to manage conflicts through negotiation or transactions dynamics that always lead to relative and temporary compromises. At first marked by the time of mourning, these compromises participate more widely in the local recomposition of social relations and the relationship between tradition and modernity in Bamileke society
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Cooperman, Alicia Dailey. "Trading Favors: Local Politics and Development in Brazil." Thesis, 2019. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-azrz-6g03.
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Why do some communities have access to essential services, such as water or health care, and neighboring communities do not? How do citizens influence the distribution of public services? This dissertation presents a theory of "trading favors" in which I argue that communities can coordinate and trade their collective votes for preferential access to public services. This long-term relationship with politicians is a form of local distributive politics, and I highlight that neighborhood associations provide a platform for voters to organize and increase their bargaining power towards politicians. I argue that 1) high community activity and 2) strong, unified leadership can enable group members to coordinate their votes before an election and get the attention of politicians after the election to improve their access to public services. I focus on variation in water access: water scarcity is a growing global concern, and access to water is often manipulated as a political tool.
During 18 months of fieldwork, I collected extensive qualitative and quantitative evidence from the state of Ceará in Northeast Brazil. I include a historical discussion of the origins of community organizing and introduce a typology of community organizing. I illustrate the theoretical mechanisms through case studies of neighboring communities that draw on 104 qualitative interviews with rural residents, local leaders, state bureaucrats, and academic experts. I test my main hypotheses through statistical analysis of an original household survey with 1,990 respondents from 120 rural communities merged with precinct-level electoral data. I also analyze long-term voting patterns at over 15,000 electoral precincts across Ceará in five municipal elections.
I find that water access is most reliable and secure in communities with high community activity, strong social ties, and constant leadership. I find evidence for my main mechanism: organized communities are more likely to concentrate their votes, and bloc voting improves water access. Communities are very consistent in their bloc voting behavior over time: the same places continue to concentrate their votes, and the same places continue to disperse their votes. I also find evidence that many communities switch allegiance across elections, which indicates that communities are credible in their threats to switch their electoral support if they do not get the services they need.
My findings shed light on the important but poorly understood influence of collective action on local politics and development. The distributive politics literature tends to focus on decision-making by parties and politicians. My results demonstrate the agency of voters in organizing collectively to select and influence candidates that make distributive appeals, especially through neighborhood associations. I develop our understanding of local leaders, who often serve as development/vote brokers and intermediate access to the state, and I provide evidence that poor citizens bargain with their votes and can use bloc voting as a grassroots strategy for improving public service access.
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"Botswana television (BTV) negotiating control and cultural production in a globalising context : a political economy of media state ownership in Africa." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2234.
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Botswana is considered an exemplary democracy in Africa. It is imperative to
assess how an enviable democracy could flourish when the most widely
available mass media was not independent. The fact is, despite the fact that
media has been at the heart of development in Botswana, it has often been
ignored in local academic and popular discussions about democracy and
governance. A 1994 seminar on the media in a democracy organized by the
Mmegi Publishing Trust (Leepile, 1994), was one of the very few forums where the role of the media in Botswana was given any attention. Even then, most the presentations were not substantive, mainly providing basic information about media institutions in Botswana and laws that protect and threaten freedom of the media. Botswana's contemporary state - media nexus can only be understood within the context of a long history of media dependence and domination by neighbouring South Africa (Zaffiro, 1991) assisted by British colonisation. To appreciate the challenges of cultural production at Botswana Television (BTV) required a study of the problematic encounter between the quest for creative and professional freedom within BTV on the one hand,·and the authoritarian gaze of state power on the other hand. BTV operated under an ill-defined broadcasting model, of a state bureaucratic arm, attempting to fulfil the ethos of public service broadcasting. Through the lens of the Newsroom, in-house productions, commissioning and procurement of foreign and local content, the study shows the subtle ways in which state ownership of the media compromises freedom of expression and freedom of information in Botswana. Yet, Botswana continued to enjoy that status of Africa's exemplar of democracy. Good governance indicators
consistently gave media in Botswana cursory attention, thereby reinforcing state authoritarianism in Botswana. With a media dominated by state power, Botswana still emerged as exemplary. This complicated the quest for the ideal
communication environment towards democratization in the Third World,
particularly in a globalizing context. In situations such as that of Botswana, where the institutions that should protect the media from government control are either absent or weak, universal ideals on media freedom are often not enough. Media practitioners are more likely to find support in the local discourses, repertoires and cultures that call upon all, regardless of status, to tolerate opposition. A local tradition of the kgotla in particular, often heralded as Botswana's indigenous form of democracy, is placed in this chapter, at the heart of much of the freedom, limited as it may be, that BTV enjoyed.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2007.
Books on the topic "Negotiation – Economic aspects"
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Negotiation and the global information economy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
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Scott, Barrett. Convention on climate change: Economic aspects of negotiations. Paris, France: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1992.
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Requejo, William Hernández. Global negotiation: The new rules. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.
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Blanchard, Olivier. Wage bargaining and unemployment persistence. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1991.
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Schneider, Christina J. Conflict, negotiation and European Union enlargement. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
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Globalization, negotiation, and the failure of transformation in South Africa. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.
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Aizenman, Joshua. World integration, competitive and bargaining regimes switch: An exploration. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1989.
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Buying, selling & merging a medical practice: Proven valuation and negotiation strategies. Chicago: Irwin Professional Pub., 1997.
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Aizenman, Joshua. Strategic investment in a debt bargaining framework. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1989.
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Goldberg, Victor. Framing contract law: An economic perspective. Toronto, Ont: Law and Economics Programme, Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 2004.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Negotiation – Economic aspects"
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Brangewitz, Sonja, and Simon Hoof. "Economic Aspects of Service Composition: Price Negotiations and Quality Investments." In Service-Oriented and Cloud Computing, 201–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44482-6_13.
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Li, Xiaobing. "Introduction." In Building Ho's Army, 1–14. University Press of Kentucky, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813177946.003.0001.
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The introduction provides an outline of the book by answering four questions. The first question addresses China’s intention, strategy, and defense policy toward Vietnam in 1950. The study seeks to elucidate the origins of and changes to Chinese strategy by examining how the PRC defense policy evolved in the 1950s. The second question relates to China’s commitment to and the capacity of its military aid to Vietnam in 1950–1965, when China faced its own serious economic difficulties. The third question concerns aspects of Sino-Vietnamese military relations, including cooperation, negotiation, and conflict. China’s strategic culture can be better understood beyond the history of the Cold War since it is deeply rooted in the past. The fourth question is about current literature on the topic and sources used in the book. Due to a lack of readily available sources for Western researchers, few areas in international military history pose more difficulties than a study of Communist foreign assistance. This volume is supported by Chinese primary and secondary sources made available only in recent years.
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Van de Peer, Stefanie. "Izza Génini: The Performance of Heritage in Moroccan Music Documentaries." In Negotiating Dissidence. Edinburgh University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748696062.003.0007.
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This case study looks at a much overlooked and ignored filmmaker from Morocco, Izza Génini: the first woman to be truly dedicated to making documentaries in a country where documentaries were actively discouraged. Morocco’s political, economic, cultural and social devastation during the Years of Lead in the eighties determined censorship and prevented any sort of filmmaking for a long time. People were disappeared or killed by government spies, and production was at an all time low. It was moreover determined by an exceptionally strict censorship board. Nevertheless, as producer and director, since the eighties Génini has managed to make pertinent observations of celebratory aspects of her mixed culture. Her family is Jewish, and it is a hidden aspect of Moroccan society that a large contingency of Jewish people used to live peacefully side by side with the Moroccan Arabs. Through depictions of traditional music and dance, celebrating hidden customs, her films defy national timidity and homogeneity. She was the first woman to make documentaries in Morocco that were not sponsored by the state, and remained so until well into the nineties.
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Bently, L., B. Sherman, D. Gangjee, and P. Johnson. "1. Introduction." In Intellectual Property Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198769958.003.0001.
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This introduction provides an overview of topics covered in this book which relate to all areas of intellectual property law, including the justifications that have been put forward for granting intellectual property rights. It also considers the key international and regional developments that have influenced intellectual property law in the UK, such as the creation of the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO), the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) negotiations, and European Union law. The chapter also discusses the ways in which the European Union is involved in intellectual property law, such as its involvement in negotiating and signing treaties. Finally, it looks at the European Economic Area and non-EU regional initiatives on intellectual property, as well as the implications of Brexit.
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Tomás, Maria João. "The Era of the Dragon." In Handbook of Research on the Empirical Aspects of Strategic Trade Negotiations and Management, 176–95. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7568-0.ch009.
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The upcoming decades are expected to be marked by the rise and consolidation of the People's Republic of China, PRC, as the world's first economy, dethroning the U.S. and altering global economic geopolitics. The Dragon Age will mark the 21st century, with all the consequences that can come from it. This chapter analyzes the changes that are already underway and that prepare China to be the world's great economy. The departure point will be the examination of China's economic situation. Following, the authors move on to analyzing the Belt and Road Investment, the Chinese mega investment that aims to connect China to Europe inspired by the ancient Silk Road, making a geoeconomic analysis of the main world markets and how China has long prepared this economic rise and implicates a political and military ascension statement.
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Carlos Maria, Correa. "Ch.1 Preamble." In Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198707219.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter discusses the Preamble of the Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement. As in other World Trade Organization (WTO) agreements and the WTO Agreement itself, the TRIPS Agreement contains a detailed Preamble where the negotiating parties expressed the objectives that they sought in adopting this component of the WTO system. While the provisions of the Preamble reflect, to some extent, the different positions that the negotiating parties brought to the negotiating table, they substantially respond to the protectionist paradigm advocated by the United States and other developed countries with regard to intellectual property. Indeed, some of developing countries’ concerns about the implications of stronger intellectual property rights (IPRs) for their economies and, in particular, for transfer of technology, received limited attention. Ultimately, the Preamble to the TRIPS Agreement contains a few elements that may be important for the interpretation of specific provisions in the Agreement.
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Mathur, Somesh, and Sachin Kumar Angural. "A Roadmap to India Liberalizing With Major Economic Groups." In Handbook of Research on the Empirical Aspects of Strategic Trade Negotiations and Management, 294–336. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7568-0.ch015.
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This chapter aims to look at various existing international economic cooperation groups and analyze the impact of India liberalizing with each of them using the GTAP model. This chapter aims to discuss each of these economic groups composition and identify the key sectors they are specialized in. Further, they analyze the product aggregations in which India and these groups would benefit if we liberalize with them. This chapter looks at different linear and nonlinear methods while performing the simulations and compares them. The chapter looks at the different scenarios with (1) India reducing tariff by 10%, (2) both Indian and the economic group reducing tariff by 10%, (3) both reducing the tariffs to 0%. The chapter then further looks at the impact of each cooperation liberalizing with India in terms of terms of trade (ToT), trade balance, and import and export quantities. Thus, this chapter attempts to get some insights into what product aggregates would be beneficial for India and the economic groups and therefore build a roadmap for the same.
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Kiziltan, Mustafa. "Exchange Rate Regime Preferences and Budget Deficits in Open Economies." In Handbook of Research on the Empirical Aspects of Strategic Trade Negotiations and Management, 65–89. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7568-0.ch004.
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This study investigates the impacts of exchange rate regime (ERR) choice, economic, institutional, and demographic factors on the budget deficit. The recent literature states that fiscal discipline is affected by the ERR preferences in open economies. In this study, the effect of de facto ERR preferences on fiscal discipline were analyzed between 1995 and 2016 for 76 countries classified into income groups. The estimates by Feasible Generalized Least Squares and Panel Corrected Standard Errors estimators show that flexible ERRs provide much more fiscal discipline. The findings highlight the importance of institutional quality, demographic factors, and inflation to ensure fiscal discipline. A country with a high level of trade openness is more vulnerable to exchange rate shocks, which leads to uncertainty in the fiscal policy. The results confirm that ERR preferences affect countries' fiscal disciplines differently, depending on the countries' characteristics.
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Falcón Gómez, Jorge Mauricio, and Fernando Martín Mayoral. "Economic Complexity and Trade Diversification in the Western Hemisphere Between 1962 and 2017." In Handbook of Research on the Empirical Aspects of Strategic Trade Negotiations and Management, 115–47. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7568-0.ch007.
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Trade diversification patterns help explain the level of utilization of trade opportunities by countries, mainly the least developed. Empirical analyses show an inverse U relationship between trade diversification and level of development. Trade diversification measures used do not take into account differences in complexity of exports, and complexity indices only consider products with comparative advantages. This study seeks to cover both gaps by analyzing the differences in the determinants of trade diversification, considering the complexity of products exported by 19 Western Hemisphere countries from 1962 to 2017. The results show that after controlling for economic complexity, the inverted U relationship disappears. Development of financial markets positively affects the complexity of trade diversification in the long term, while the terms of trade that have a negative effect on trade diversification does not affect the complexity-corrected indices. In the short term, transaction costs and trade openness appear to have a significant effect.
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Ben Romdhane Loukil, Youssra, Souhaila Kammoun, and Imen Ouerghi. "Greenfield FDI Determinants in the MENA Region." In Handbook of Research on the Empirical Aspects of Strategic Trade Negotiations and Management, 279–93. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7568-0.ch014.
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The purpose of the chapter is twofold. Firstly, the authors intend to identify the main determinants of Greenfield FDI in a context of political and economic changes by choosing inflation, trade freedom, and investment freedom as macroeconomic variables and political instability as an institutional variable. Secondly, they determine which environmental sector may affect this mode of foreign investment in MENA region. Using dynamic panel models on a sample of 13 countries over the period 2010-2018, they perform econometric modeling to measure the relationship between Greenfield FDI, macroeconomic aggregates, and the relationship between FDI and the environmental sector. They find that trade openness stimulates foreign investment in MENA region and that the lack of inflation control may disrupt the inflow of Greenfield FDI since it reflects the economic stability of the host countries. Furthermore, there is a positive relationship between Greenfield FDI and environmental sectors. The chapter suggests some relevant practical implications to improve the attractiveness of Greenfield FDI in the MENA region.
Conference papers on the topic "Negotiation – Economic aspects"
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Matić Bošković, Marina, and Milica Kolaković Bojović. "NEW APPROACH TO THE EU ENLARGAMENT PROCESS – WHETHER COVID-19 AFFECTED CHAPTER 23 REQUIREMENTS?" In The recovery of the EU and strengthening the ability to respond to new challenges – legal and economic aspects. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/22433.
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The EU enlargement policy requires creation of the new institutional organization, alignment of legal acts, increasing capacities of administration in the candidate countries. In relation to the Western Balkans the conditionality has an increased focus on good governance criteria, particularly maintenance of the rule of law, an independent judiciary, and an efficient public administration. To address raised concerns of the EU accession process in the Western Balkans as a box-ticking exercise, the European Commission in February 2018, adopted the Credible Enlargement Perspective for an Enhanced EU Engagement with the Western Balkans’ strategy, which introduced some renewed policy objective on the future enlargement of the EU including fundamental democratic, rule of law and economic reforms. In March 2020 the Council of the EU officially endorsed Commission proposal for a new enlargement methodology that is based on grouping the negotiation chapters in clusters, based on their interconnection, which requires tangible progress in all chapters merged to a cluster. The above-mentioned introduction of a new methodology and the decisions of the WesternBalkans candidate countries to apply it, correspond in time with the ongoing Europe and worldwide struggle to overcome challenges imposed by COVID-19 outbreak. The response to the pandemic influenced on the functioning of judiciary across the world and the rule of law in general. To respond to pandemic EU members states accepted new standards in relation to judiciary which tend to be threat or suspension for fundamental rights protection and right to fair trial. Outbreak of COVID-19 revealed new trends in rule of law like limited access to the lawyer in criminal cases, use of IT tools for trials, and cancelation or limitation of public hearings. The scope and modalities of such rule of law exemptions differ across the EU member states. Introduced measures and responses shed a completely new light on the issues of relevant standards in the accession process and modality to be addressed and implemented in the candidate countries. Finally, this also triggers the issue of evaluation and assessment of the reform achievements in candidate countries by EC when measuring the progress. In the analysis of the abovementioned issues the authors assessed whether derogation of the well-established rule of law principles influenced on EU accession requirements towards candidate countries and whether they temporary changed understanding and implementation of the fundamental rights or made permanent transformations in understanding of rule of law requirements.
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Dietz, Dieter, Aurélie Dupuis, Julien Lafontaine Carboni, and Darío Negueruela Del Castillo. "A Performative Threshold Between Teaching Research and Practice: Atlas Poliphilo as Scaffold." In 2019 Teachers Conference. ACSA Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.teach.2019.65.
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Hunches allow us to navigate in a trans-scalar world. Without them, teachers, researchers and practitioners would be left aimless.Hunches relate to the embodied and synthetic nature of the knowledge we produce, but also to its unfolding. Instead of denying importance of hunches or minimizing their impact, can we imagine to build a more apt framework for the kinds of encounters and negotiation they facilitate? Shall we do it within pre-existing academic and practical knowledge? Can we set up a pedagogical experience that sets a time and space to collectively integrate and share hunches, to experiment with them and to ultimately operationalize them in designerly or scientific manners? In this paper, we introduce and discuss our experience with Atlas Poliphilo, an experimental studio that runs its second iteration during the spring semester 2019. Neither a design studio nor a seminar, the Atlas sets up a framework for collaborative enquiry that further elaborates on them. The course gathers students from civil and environmental engineering together with students of architecture, and landscape architecture to work collaboratively for one semester. This experience is framed in our work on new visions for the trans-border Greater Geneva as one of the selected teams aiming at tackling its current social, economic and environmental challenges and constructing a framework to think and discuss its growth in the next 35 years.This interdisciplinary course addresses an alternative of perceiving and integrating the constitutive complexity of the territory and the intertwined trajectories of all its different agents. Departing from the situated experiences of the students within a given site of exploration, the course aims at carefully unfolding their many dimensions – the relational and performative aspects of involvement, bodily experience, environmental context and objects, individual and collective cultural frames – allowing to experiment with them and to render them explicit. This is grounded on the conviction that an ability to affect is reciprocated by a capacity of being affected.
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Ciconkov, Risto. "Climate Change and HVACR Systems." In 50th International HVAC&R Congress and Exhibition. SMEITS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24094/kghk.019.50.1.245.
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Indicators at a global level are presented: population in the world today and forecasts for developed and developing countries. The following diagrams are presented: world total primary energy consumption, global CO2 emissions from combustion since 1971, as well as cumulative CO2 emissions by regions since 1750. Facts for climate change are included (according to WMO and IPCC): increase in GHG concentrations, increase in air temperature, rise in sea level, etc. The consequences of global warming are listed: extreme rainfall and floods; high temperatures – heat waves, droughts, wildfires; huge damage to agriculture; harmful impacts on the environment, etc. The IPCC provides several scenarios for a global rise of air temperature up to 2100, for a global rise of sea level etc. The activities of the international community on climate change are organized through: IPCC, UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement and continuous negotiations. The European Union (EU) is probably the most advanced in the battle against climate change. Some important strategies are outlined: by 2020, by 2030, and by 2050. Heating, air-conditioning and refrigeration systems (HVACR) are connected with energy consumption, which means they are a source of GHG emissions. The situation with HVACR systems is such that even in EU countries, the fossil fuels are dominant in the heating systems. Future solutions for HVACR systems are described. The first step is to increase the energy efficiency of buildings and HVACR equipment. The concept of "nearly zero-energy buildings" should be worked on. HVACR systems should be based on renewable energy sources (RES). The considered solutions include heat pumps, solar panels, thermal storage, district heating, combined heat and power, condensing boilers, reversible air conditioners, the concept of "smart" buildings, automation of HVACR systems with digital technology, etc. The political, economic and social aspects of climate change are analyzed. Capitalism society, market economy, profit, is the main reason for today's climate change situation. On the end, there is a discussion highlighting the need for urgent and major investment in RES and energy efficiency. For rich countries, this is really achievable. But developing countries, representing 83% of the world's population, need financial assistance, and this needs to be regulated through the Paris Agreement. Obstacles of a political nature are also possible (US and Paris Agreement).
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Penman, Joy, and Glenna C Lear. "Over Mountain Tops and Through the Valleys of Postgraduate Study and Research: A Transformative Learning Experience from Two Supervisees’ Perspectives [Abstract]." In InSITE 2020: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Online. Informing Science Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4547.
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Aim/Purpose: [This Proceedings paper was revised and published in the journal "Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology,"16, 21-40.] The purpose of this paper is to illuminate the learning that happens in assuming a supervisee’s role during the postgraduate study. Background: The facilitators and barriers students encountered while pursuing postgraduate studies, strategies to achieve success in postgraduate studies, and how to decrease attrition rates of students, have been sufficiently explored in literature. However, there is little written about the personal and professional impact on students when they are being supervised to complete their postgraduate studies. Methodology: Autoethnographic method of deep reflection was used to examine the learning that transpired from the supervisee’s perspective. Two lecturers (a Senior Lecturer in Nursing and an Aboriginal Tutor) focused on their postgraduate journeys as supervisees, respectively, with over 30 years of study experience between them, in Australia and abroad. Contribution: Future postgraduate students, researchers, would-be supervisors and experienced supervisors could learn from the reflections of the authors’ postgraduate experiences. Findings: Four themes surfaced, and these were Eureka moments, Critical friend(s), Supervisory relationship, and Transformative learning. The authors highlighted the significance of a supervisory relationship which is key to negotiating the journey with the supervisor. Essential for these students also were insights on finding the path as well as the destination and the transformative aspects that happened as a necessary part of the journey. Conclusion. The postgraduate journey has taught them many lessons, the most profound of which was the change in perspective and attitude in the process of being and becoming. Personal and professional transformative learning did occur. At its deepest level, the authors’ reflections resulted in self-actualization and a rediscovery of their more authentic selves. Recommendations for Practitioners: This article highlights the importance of the supervisory relationship that must be negotiated to ensure the success of the candidate. Reflections of the transformation are recommended to support the students further. Recommendation for Researchers: Quality supervision can make a significant influence on the progress of students. Further research on the supervisory relationship is recommended. Impact on Society: The support in terms of supervision to ensure postgraduate students’ success is essential. Postgraduate students contribute to the human, social, professional, intellectual, and economic capital of universities and nations globally. Future Research: Further reflections of the transformative learning will advance the understanding of the personal and professional changes that occur with postgraduate supervision.
Reports on the topic "Negotiation – Economic aspects"
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Jones, Emily, Beatriz Kira, Anna Sands, and Danilo B. Garrido Alves. The UK and Digital Trade: Which way forward? Blavatnik School of Government, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-wp-2021/038.
Full textAbstract:
The internet and digital technologies are upending global trade. Industries and supply chains are being transformed, and the movement of data across borders is now central to the operation of the global economy. Provisions in trade agreements address many aspects of the digital economy – from cross-border data flows, to the protection of citizens’ personal data, and the regulation of the internet and new technologies like artificial intelligence and algorithmic decision-making. The UK government has identified digital trade as a priority in its Global Britain strategy and one of the main sources of economic growth to recover from the pandemic. It wants the UK to play a leading role in setting the international standards and regulations that govern the global digital economy. The regulation of digital trade is a fast-evolving and contentious issue, and the US, European Union (EU), and China have adopted different approaches. Now that the UK has left the EU, it will need to navigate across multiple and often conflicting digital realms. The UK needs to decide which policy objectives it will prioritise, how to regulate the digital economy domestically, and how best to achieve its priorities when negotiating international trade agreements. There is an urgent need to develop a robust, evidence-based approach to the UK’s digital trade strategy that takes into account the perspectives of businesses, workers, and citizens, as well as the approaches of other countries in the global economy. This working paper aims to inform UK policy debates by assessing the state of play in digital trade globally. The authors present a detailed analysis of five policy areas that are central to discussions on digital trade for the UK: cross-border data flows and privacy; internet access and content regulation; intellectual property and innovation; e-commerce (including trade facilitation and consumer protection); and taxation (customs duties on e-commerce and digital services taxes). In each of these areas the authors compare and contrast the approaches taken by the US, EU and China, discuss the public policy implications, and examine the choices facing the UK.